taxonID	type	description	language	source
016087C19019FE0EC63E2C9601D287E9.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Panesthia angustipennis (Illiger, 1801)	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C19019FE0EC63E2C9601D287E9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (primarily following Roth, 1977, 1979 b, as in Wang et al. 2014): Colour reddish brown, fulvous or black. Size ranging from 15 mm to over 50 mm. Body strongly sclerotised and punctate, with punctation density increasing posteriorly. Head typically punctulate, vertex with or without foveola; eyes large, ocelli may be fully developed, reduced or absent. Antennae moniliform. Pronotum convex to transverse, with or without anteromedial reflexed tubercle, anterior margin variably excised or entire. Anterior half variably depressed, surface punctate to granular with pair of oblique transverse groves. Anterior cornua and posterior disc tubercles may be present, typically more pronounced in males. Tegmina and wings unicoloured or not; fully developed, reduced or absent, or tegmina reduced and wings absent. Fully developed or partially reduced wings and tegmina frequently mutilated terminally, leaving basal portions as remains. Tibiae strongly spined. Tarsi with five segments, pulvilli present on segments 1 – 4, hind metatarsus shorter than remaining segments combined; claws symmetrical and without arolia. Abdominal terga usually hairless, hind margins entire and without teeth or tubercles. Anterolateral corners of tergites 3 – 7 with or without holes, holes usually without setae, size of the holes increasing posteriorly. Lateral margins of tergite 7 straight, weakly uneven, or concave on posterior half; laterocaudal angles often produced and directed caudad. Caudal angles of supra-anal plate obtuse, variably rounded; hind margin dentate, crenulate or entire. Posterior margin of sternite 7 concave, truncate or subtruncate in males, exposing subgenital plate; convex, entire in females, without subgenital plate. Cerci short, unsegmented, bulbous, ventrally setose, dorsoapically setose or glabrous. Both sexes lack styli. Paraprocts asymmetrical, apically setose, right with sclerotised, finger-like projection. Anterior and lateral margins of subgenital plate concave, posterior margin strongly sclerotised, rounded. Males with four genital phallomeres: first sclerite of left phallomere (L 1) with two lobes separated by sclerotised cleft, rarely reduced or absent; second ventromedial sclerite of left phallomere (L 2 vm) strongly sclerotised, rod-like; second dorsal sclerite of left phallomere (L 2 d) posteriorly sclerotised, approximately triangular or blade-like, occasionally reduced or absent; second sclerite of right phallomere (R 2) hook-shaped, rarely reduced to straight rod or absent.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C19019FE0EC63E2C9601D287E9.taxon	discussion	This combination of divergent morphology and unverified occurrence records raises significant doubts about the taxonomic status of P. tepperi, suggesting that the three putative specimens may represent mislabelled Asian or Melanesian material. Here we provisionally treat P. tepperi as an Australian species, however we emphasise the need for future genetic analyses of the specimens to determine whether they cluster with Australian or Melanesian taxa. More broadly, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Panesthia is polyphyletic with respect to the genera Caeparia (Stål, 1877) and Ancaudellia (Shaw, 1925), as well as the Australian-endemic subfamily Geoscapheinae (Beasley-Hall et al. 2021, Lo et al. 2016, Maekawa et al. 2003). Therefore, there is a clear need for a substantial taxonomic revision of Panesthiinae, although this undertaking is beyond the scope of the present study. Based on their close evolutionary affinity to the genus’ type species Panesthia angustipennis (Illiger, 1801), as inferred from molecular data (Lo et al. 2016, Adams et al. 2024), we suggest that both species described here are likely to retain the generic epithet Panesthia. However, their placement should still be considered somewhat provisional, pending future taxonomic assessments.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901CFE0DC6762BD103478309.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From the Latin word for ‘ joined’, referring to the fusion of the tegmen with the mesonotum.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901CFE0DC6762BD103478309.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Tegmina reduced to lateral sclerotised pads, wings absent; cerci broadly rounded and dorsoapically setose; tergite 5 (T 5) with minute anterolateral pit; male pronotum with welldeveloped disc tubercles. In most individuals, apex of tegmina fused with lateral margin of mesonotum. Male: Head concealed below pronotum, vertex non-foveolate; dorsal surface glabrous, with frons weakly punctuate and gently wrinkled; ocelli oblique; interocular distance greater than between mesal margins of antennal pits (Fig. 2). Pronotum convex, widest between laterocaudal corners (Fig. 3 A). Anterior margin incrassate, upturned, subtruncate, swollen laterally; medially with reflexed, raised triangular tubercle, apex bluntly rounded. Pronotum anteromedially depressed, roughened, with pair of oblique, arcuate grooves running to anterolateral margins; remainder punctate, punctures very fine posteriorly; posterior pair of round, blunt disc tubercles. Lateral margins incrassate. Posterior margin slightly concave behind each laterocaudal corner. Tegmina reduced to lateral, triangular sclerotised lobes; apex typically fused with mesonotum, or rarely free and extending to before, at, or slightly after hind margin of mesonotum, apex rounded or abruptly truncate; costal margin incrassate (Fig. 3 B – C, E – F). Wings absent, relic of interstice between wing and metanotum sometimes remaining as minute sulcus behind anterior margin of metanotum. Meso- and metanotum subrectangular; laterocaudal corners rounded and slightly expanded; hind margin weakly convex; surface with irregular, fine punctuations. Coxae and femora dorsoventrally flattened, surface glabrous except for fringing setae along anterior and posterior margins; tibiae narrow, spatulate. Anterior ventral margin of front femur with 2 (rarely 0, 1 or 3) basal spines and small distal spine, posterior margin with large distal spine; anterior spines occasionally located asymmetrically. Tergites rectangular, non-setose, punctate, punctures increasing in size and density laterally and caudally. T 5 – 7 with anterolateral holes, weakly developed on T 5 (Fig. 3 D); T 6 – 7 holes extending as uneven grooves behind anterior margin of tergite, diminishing medially, margin undulate above the grooves. T 7 lateral margin posteriorly somewhat concave, laterocaudal angle produced into an acute spine; hind margin straight. Hind margin of supra-anal plate weakly undulate with 7 (rarely 6 or 8) shallow, rounded denticles; lateral angles obtuse and broadly rounded, oblique, larger than denticles. Sternites 1 – 4 weakly punctate laterally; S 5 – 6 weakly punctate mesally and densely punctate laterally. S 7 densely punctate; depressed laterally with shallow, transverse groove in anterolateral corner; posterior margin truncate or weakly concave, exposing subgenital plate, margin somewhat incrassate below cerci. Cerci bulbous, anterolaterally concave; dorsal surface basally glabrous and apically with few, fine setae; ventral surface covered by dense short setae, with few longer setae. All four genital phallomeres present and well developed (Fig. 4 A – C); L 1 weakly sclerotised, consisting of two ovoid lobes, more heavily sclerotised in cleft between lobes; L 2 vm elongate, rod-like, apically bulbous; L 2 d approximately triangular, apex rounded and heavily sclerotised, lateral margins variably concave, length approximately equal to length at base; R 2 strongly sclerotised, hook-shaped. Size: Total length 33.1 (34.0 – 36.4); pronotal length × width, 7.4 × 11.1 (8.5 – 9.0 × 12.2 – 13.0) (n = 2).	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901CFE0DC6762BD103478309.taxon	description	Colour: Head black or dark brown, eyes dark, ocelli pale. Antennae dark brown basally, grading to tan distally. Clypeus fulvous, labrum pale dorsally and brown ventrally, mandibles brown. Labial and maxillary palpomeres brown or tan, with yellow ring around apical circumference. Pronotum dark brown to black anteromedially, fuscous laterally and posteriorly; meso- and metanotum fuscous to dark brown. Coxae and femora ferruginous to dark brown; tibiae dark brown to black, spines black apically; tarsomeres ferruginous, pulvilli tan. Tergites fuscous to black. Abdominal sternites 1 – 6 ferruginous mesally and black laterally; cerci ferruginous to black, with pale setae. Dorsal and ventral surfaces lustrous; ventrally with sparse golden setae. Subgenital plate fuscous to dark brown, posterior margin paler. Female: Pronotum without anterior development, disc less granular and more shallowly depressed, disc tubercles absent, with or without shallow pits in their place. Abdomen broader; hind margin of S 7 entire; subgenital plate absent. An ootheca was dissected from one female (Dryander Forest, Queensland, 20.2751 ° S 148.5860 ° E), and consisted of 22 eggs arranged in a double row. Size: Total length 29.4 – 35.2; pronotal length × width, 6.8 – 7.8 × 10.4 – 11.1 (n = 2). Nymph: Male pronotum without anterior development; tegmina absent; early instars ferruginous dorsally and fulvous ventrally; late instars ferruginous to black dorsally, fulvous or reddish ventrally.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901CFE0DC6762BD103478309.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype ♂: QM T 260326, QLD Dryander Forest, 15 km NNE of Proserpine, 20.2751 ° S 148.5860 ° E, 80 m, in rotten log, 6. v. 2015, BG, HAR, JAW. Paratypes (4): ANIC: 1 ♂ (ANIC 09 - 006304), 1 ♀ (ANIC 09 - 006305), QLD Brandy Creek, 8 km SW of Airlie Beach, 20.341 ° S 148.682 ° E, 165 m, in rotten log, 5. v. 2015, BG, HAR, JAW. QM: 1 ♂ (T 260327), 1 ♀ (T 260328), same data as holotype. Other material (176): HARPC: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 2 ♂ nymphs, 3 ♀ nymphs, same data as holotype; 3 ♀, 1 ♂ nymph, 4 ♀ nymphs, QLD 12 km W of Airlie Beach, off Patullo Road, 20.2707 ° S 148.5822 ° E, 13. viii. 2014, HAR, JRW; 1 ♀, 3 ♂ nymphs, 3 ♀ nymphs, QLD 7.3 km SSW of Airlie Beach, Brandy Creek Road 20.34103 ° S 148.6816 ° E, 12. viii. 2014, HAR, JRW; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 11 ♂ nymphs, 11 ♀ nymphs, QLD 7.3 km SSW of Airlie Beach, Brandy Creek Road 20.3411 ° S 148.6785 ° E, 14. viii. 2014, HAR, JRW; 3 ♀, 2 ♂ nymphs, 1 ♀ nymph, same data as ANIC paratypes. JAWPC: 4 ♂, 6 ♀, 42 ♂ nymphs, 44 ♀ nymphs, same data as holotype; 5 ♀ nymphs, QLD 12 km W of Airlie Beach, off Patullo Road, 20.2707 ° S 148.5822 ° E, 13. viii. 2014, HAR, JRW; 10 ♂ nymphs, 6 ♀ nymphs, QLD 7.3 km SSW of Airlie Beach, Brandy Creek Road, 20.34103 ° S 148.6816 ° E, 12. viii. 2014, HAR, JRW, HARPC. QM: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, QLD Mt Dryander, 20.25 ° S 148.55 ° E, 650 m, 21. xi. 1992 – iv. 1993, DC, GBM.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901FFE03C5E82A5D065C8749.taxon	etymology	Etymology: After Bruce Gray, a naturalist who assisted in the discovery and collection of all currently recorded specimens.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901FFE03C5E82A5D065C8749.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Vertex of head with foveola; pronotum with anteromedial reflexed tubercle; disc tubercles distinct, weakly developed; lateral margin of abdominal segment 7 sinuous, concave on posterior half; cerci dorsoapically glabrous. Adult body length typically> 20 mm. Male: Vertex exposed, with broad, deep foveola; surface finely punctate; ocelli round; interocular distance less than between mesal margins of antennal pits (Fig. 5, 6 C). Pronotum transverse, widest slightly posterior of midlength, anterolateral margins incrassate (Fig. 6 A). Anterior margin widely and deeply excised, separating two well-produced, broadly rounded, slightly reflexed marginal tubercles; medially with reflexed, raised triangular tubercle, apex rounded. Pronotum anteromedially depressed, finely granulose, with pair of oblique, gently arcuate grooves running to anterolateral margins; posterolaterally finely punctate. Disc laterally raised, posteriorly with pair of distinct, weakly-produced tubercles. Meso- and metanotum irregularly punctate. Tegmina and wings fully developed, extending beyond hind margin of abdomen when not mutilated (mutilated in all type material); costal area of tegmen strongly punctate, lateral margin upturned (Fig. 6 B, E). Coxae and femora dorsoventrally flattened, surface glabrous except for fringing setae along anterior and posterior margins; tibiae narrow, spatulate. Anterior ventral margin of front femur with 2 (rarely 1) basal spines and small distal spine, posterior margin with large distal spine; anterior spines occasionally arranged asymmetrically. Tergites strongly, densely and almost uniformly punctate. T 5 – 7 with anterolateral holes; weakly developed on T 5; T 6 – 7 holes extending as uneven grooves behind anterior margin of tergite, diminishing medially, margin undulate above the grooves. T 7 lateral margin sinuous, weakly concave on posterior half, laterocaudal angle produced into a broadly rounded spine; hind margin straight (Fig. 6 D). Hind margin of supra-anal plate entire, lateral angles broadly rounded. Sternites 1 – 5 weakly punctate mesally and more densely punctate laterally; S 6 – S 7 densely punctate; depressed laterally with shallow, transverse groove in anterolateral corner; S 7 posterior margin truncate, exposing subgenital plate, margin somewhat incrassate below cerci. Cerci broadly triangular, dorsally glabrous, ventrally setose. All four genital phallomeres present and well developed (Fig. 7 A – C); L 1 weakly sclerotised, consisting of two ovoid lobes, more heavily sclerotised in cleft between lobes; L 2 vm elongate, rod-like, apically bulbous; L 2 d sclerotised apically, broadly rounded, shorter than length at base; R 2 strongly sclerotised, hook-shaped. Colour: Head black, eyes dark, ocelli pale. Antennae dark brown basally, grading to tan distally. Clypeus fulvous, labrum pale dorsally and brown ventrally, mandibles brown. Labial and maxillary palpomeres dark brown or tan, paler apically. Thorax dorsally dark fuscous, almost black. Legs with coxae dark brown, tending to ferruginous apically; femora and tibiae ferruginous to dark brown, spines black apically; tarsomeres ferruginous, pulvilli tan. Abdominal sternites 1 – 5 ferruginous mesally, black laterally; S 6 – 7 black; subgenital plate black; cerci dark, dorsal and ventral surfaces lustrous, ventrally with sparse golden setae.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901FFE03C5E82A5D065C8749.taxon	description	Size: Total length 28.2 (23.6 – 30.2); pronotal length × width, 5.2 × 8.8 (4.8 – 5.8 × 7.8 – 9.2) (n = 2). Female: Pronotum without anterior development, anterior margin weakly excised; disc less granular and more shallowly depressed, disc tubercles absent or subobsolete; hind margin of S 7 entire; subgenital plate absent. Size: Total length 22.9 – 29.0; pronotal length × width, 4.8 – 5.8 × 7.2 – 8.5 (n = 2). Nymph: Male pronotum without anterior development; tegmina and wings absent; early instars ferruginous to fuscous dorsally and fulvous to tan ventrally; late instars ferruginous to black dorsally, fuscous to dark brown ventrally.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
016087C1901FFE03C5E82A5D065C8749.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype ♂: QM T 260329, QLD Kirrama Range, 27 km S of Ravenshoe, 847 m, 17.8838 ° S 145.5271 ° E, in dead standing tree, Lophostemon suaveolens, 10. x. 2022, JAW, BG. Paratypes (4). ANIC: 1 ♂ (ANIC 09 - 006302), 1 ♀ (ANIC 09 - 006303), QLD Kirrama Range, 27 km S of Ravenshoe, 847 m, 17.8838 ° S 145.5271 ° E, in dead standing tree, Lophostemon suaveolens, 5. ii. 2023, JAW, BG. QM: 1 ♂ (T 260330), 1 ♀ (T 260331), same data as paratypes. Other material (5): JAWPC: 2 ♂, same data as paratypes; 1 ♂ nymph, 2 ♀ nymphs, same data as holotype.	en	Rose Nathan Lo, Maxim W. D. Adams James A. Walker Harley A. (2025): Two new species of Panesthia (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Panesthiinae) from Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Nature 66: 1-11, DOI: 10.17082/uuis8076, URL: https://doi.org/10.17082/uuis8076
