identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
001C87DD4232FF9EFFF734DACC1D4D21.text	001C87DD4232FF9EFFF734DACC1D4D21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead 1894)	<div><p>Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894) (Fig. 1B)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 2♀♀, Chabahar, Pishin (26°01'29.0"N, 61°45'11.7"E, 540 m a.s.l.), 10.ii.1996; 3♀♀, Saravan, Nahook (27°22'31.7"N, 62°19'32.0"E, 1157 m a.s.l.), 25.xi.2011.</p><p>Remarks. Aonidiella orientalis is a tropical and subtropical species with a cosmopolitan distribution. The species is highly polyphagous and it can attack almost any host except conifers, according to Williams &amp; Watson (1988). In Iran, the species has been recorded on 26 host plant species belonging to 13 plant families (Moghaddam &amp; Watson, 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4232FF9EFFF734DACC1D4D21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4232FF9EFFF73704CC154398.text	001C87DD4232FF9EFFF73704CC154398.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao 1922)	<div><p>Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao, 1922) (Fig. 1A)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). BUSHEHR: 1♀, Riz (28°04'52.2"N, 52°05'41.0"E, 505 m a.s.l.), 28.x.2002; ESFAHAN: 2♀♀, Khur &amp; Biabanak (33°56'23"N, 54°21'29"E), 10.viii.2006; FARS: 1♀, Darab (28°45'32.3"N, 53°59'43.0"E), 10.viii.2006; SOUTH KHORASAN: 4♀♀, Nehbandan (31°32'38.9"N, 60°03'04.6"E), 15.ii.2007; SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 3♀♀, Iranshahr, Damen (25°09'53.5"N, 61°30'07.6"E), 27.iv.1995; YAZD: 4♀♀, Bafgh (31°35'46.7"N, 55°04'43.0"E), 26.x.1998 .</p><p>Remarks. This species has been recorded on hosts belonging to three plant families Arecaceae, Myrtaceae and Pandanaceae, but it is found only on Ph. dactylifera in Iran. P. phoenicis is distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Egypt, Iraq, Israel and Libya) and the Afrotropical Region (Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Sudan) (García Morales et al., 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4232FF9EFFF73704CC154398	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4230FF9CFFF732C4CB68473A.text	001C87DD4230FF9CFFF732C4CB68473A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fiorinia phoenicis Balachowsky 1967	<div><p>Fiorinia phoenicis Balachowsky, 1967 (Fig. 1C)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). FARS: 9♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.557972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.49514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.557972/lat 28.49514)">Jahrom</a> (28°29'42.5"N, 53°33'28.7"E, 950 m a.s.l.), 8.xi.1993 ; 11♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=52.53528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.63139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 52.53528/lat 29.63139)">Shiraz</a> (29°37'53"N, 52°32'07"E), 1.xii.1997 ; HORMOZGAN: 5♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=50.323887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.261944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 50.323887/lat 29.261944)">Khark</a> (29°15'43"N, 50°19'26"E), 15.iv.1999 ; SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 2♀♀, Iranshahr, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=60.77222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.380556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 60.77222/lat 27.380556)">Damen</a> (27°22'50"N, 60°46'20"E), 17.iv.2005 ; 3♀♀, Nikshahr, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=61.167667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.837694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 61.167667/lat 26.837694)">Hichan</a> (26°50'15.7"N, 61°10'03.6"E), 1.x.2009 ; 8♀♀, Rask, Jahli- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=62.573887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.600279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 62.573887/lat 27.600279)">Tandar</a> (27°36'01"N, 62°34'26"E), 1.v.2003 ; 5♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=62.520554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.644722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 62.520554/lat 27.644722)">Saravan</a> (27°38'41"N, 62°31'14"E), 29.iv.1995 .</p><p>Remarks. Fiorinia phoenicis was described from Iran and this is monophagous on date palm (Balachowsky, 1967); in addition, it has been recorded in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Spain (García Morales et al., 2016, Elwan et al., 2011; Radwan, 2012). There are no records of the damage of this species in Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4230FF9CFFF732C4CB68473A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4230FF9CFFF73047CA7343DB.text	001C87DD4230FF9CFFF73047CA7343DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parlatoria blanchardi (Targioni Tozzetti 1892)	<div><p>Parlatoria blanchardi (Targioni Tozzetti, 1892) (Figs 1D–E)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae) unless otherwise specified. BUSHEHR: 3♀♀, Borazjan, Abpakhsh (29°11'20"N, 50°56'12"E), 20.x.2001; 3♀♀, Borazjan, Rood-e Helleh, Haft Joosh (29°26'03"N, 50°58'39"E), 24.x.2001; 2♀♀, Bushehr (28°57'39"N, 50°51'01"E), 20.x.2001; 8♀♀, Bushehr, Ahram (28°55'43"N, 50°59'28"E), 30.x.2003; 4♀♀, Jam (27°57'36"N, 52°01'51"E, 645 m a.s.l.), 28.x.2003; 5♀♀, Kangan, Naiband (27°25'05"N, 52°33'41"E), 18.x.2001. FARS: 3♀♀, Jahrom (28°29'42.5"N, 53°33'28.0"E), 8.xi.1993; 3♀♀, Kazeroun, Parishan Lake (29°31'17.7"N, 51°48'22.0"E), 2.xi.1996. HORMOZGAN: 8♀♀, Bandarabbas (27°24'09"N, 5636'38"E), 4.iii.1974; 2♀♀, Lavan (26°48'43"N, 53°21'10"E), 20.ii.1999; 3♀♀, Bandarabbas, Sarkhoon (27°38'18"N, 56°39'02"E), 3.iv.2001; 3♀♀, Gheshm, Band-e Hajali (26°45'44"N, 56°02'07"E), 7.iii.2001; 7♀♀, Hajiabad, Sarchahan (28°18'26"N, 56°04'01"E), 13.iii.2001; 2♀♀, Minab (27°08'06"N, 57°08'02"E), 12.iii.2001. ILAM: 2♀♀, Mehran (33°09'20"N, 46°11'45"E, 181 m a.s.l.), 1.x.2005. KERMAN: 1♀♀, Jiroft, Faryab (28°12'40"N, 57°29'25"E, 652 m a.s.l.), 12.iv.2011; KHOUZESTAN: 9♀♀, Abadan, Haeer (30°12'51.4”N, 48°24'27.5"E), 07.viii.2021; 7♀♀, Abadan, Tange Doo (30°11'39.7”N, 48°28'16.4"E), 03.v.2023; 4♀♀, Ahvaz, Omol- Tamir (31°15'17.3”N, 48°32'41.7"E), 10.xii.2021; SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 3♀♀, Bampur (27°20'01"N, 60°46'58"E), 1.i.2001; 3♀♀, Bent, Dahan (26°55'02"N, 59°02'28"E), 26.iv.2001; 2♀♀, Chabahar (25°17'37"N, 60°38'39"E), 10.xi.2000, on Chamaerops humilis ( Arecaceae); 3♀♀, Chabahar, Kahir (25°35'12"N, 60°07'49"E), 23.iv.2001; 3♀♀, Chabahar, Ouraki (25°41'44"N, 60°53'28"E), 25.iv.2001; 6♀♀, Chabahar, Pir Sohrab (25°39'53"N, 60°59'03"E, 50 m a.s.l.), 25.iv.2003; 1♀, Chabahar, Ramin (25°14'58"N, 60°56'14"E), 5.xi.2000; 5♀♀, Ghasr-e Ghand, Jakigur (26°25'06"N, 61°17'30"E), 27.v.2001; 3♀♀, Ghasr-e Ghand, Shadgoor (26°21'06"N, 60°38'29"E), 27.iv.2001; 4♀♀, Iranshahr, Damen (27°26'34"N, 60°53'23"E, 864 m a.s.l.), 24.xi.2011; 1♀, Khash, Sabzgaz (28°21'09"N, 61°28'35"E, 1321 m a.s.l.), 1.xi.2004; 13♀♀, Mir Javeh, Behesht-e Kavir (29°13'57"N, 61°18'41"E, 922 m a.s.l.), 1.xi.2004; 3♀♀, Nikshahr-Chabahar Road (25°43'19"N, 60°23'47"E), 1.ix.2009; 2♀♀, Rask, Firouzabad (26°29'28"N, 61°42'50"E), 28.iv.2001; 4♀♀, Sarbaz, Zaboli Road (26°47'57"N, 60°47′57"E, 1122 m a.s.l.), 26.xi.2011; 3♀♀, Zabol, Zahak (30°54'04"N, 61°40'09"E, 557 m a.s.l.), 28.x.2004; 4♀♀, Zaboli (27°55'41"N, 62°53'30"E), 11.xi.2000, on Nannorrhops ritchiana ( Arecaceae); YAZD: 2♀♀, Tabas (33°35'53"N, 56°55'07"E), 18.iv.2010.</p><p>Remarks. Parlatoria blanchardi is considered a serious pest in several countries. It is mostly common on date and other ornamental palms (Borchsenius, 1966); it has been found on Chamaerops humilis, Nannorrhops ritchiana and P. dactylifera palms (Moghaddam, 2013). This species is distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical regions and is a well-known pest of date palms.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4230FF9CFFF73047CA7343DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4230FF9CFFF73528CB1A4D17.text	001C87DD4230FF9CFFF73528CB1A4D17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parlatoria crypta McKenzie 1943	<div><p>Parlatoria crypta McKenzie, 1943 (Fig. 1E)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). BUSHEHR: 1♀, Genaveh (29°57'47"N, 50°55'47"E), 21.x.2001. SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 6♀♀, Saravan, Gosht (27°46'59"N, 61°56'47"E), 5.ii.2003.</p><p>Remarks. Parlatoria crypta is currently distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (García Morales et al., 2016). The species is one of the important pests of productive and non-productive trees in the southern provinces of Iran. It is a highly polyphagous species; in Iran, it occurs on host plants in 23 species including P. dactylifera, belonging to 16 families (Moghaddam &amp; Watson, 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4230FF9CFFF73528CB1A4D17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4237FF9BFF0636F4CBD44341.text	001C87DD4237FF9BFF0636F4CBD44341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell 1893)	<div><p>Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) (Figs 2A–B)</p><p>Material examined. on the root of Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). KHOUZESTAN: 16♀♀, Ahvaz (31°17'18"N, 48°37'35"E), 17.vii.2022, leg. S. Zarghami.</p><p>Remarks. Dysmicoccus brevipes is distributed in all zoogeographical regions, mainly in the tropical and subtropics (Ben-Dov, 1994). This is one of the most economically important mealybug pests and highly polyphagous, attacking plant species belonging to more than 161 genera placed in 68 families (García Morales et al., 2016). This species was recorded for the first time on the root of Medicago sativa ( Fabaceae) in Sistan-o Balouchestan province (Moghadam, 2004). Dysmicoccus brevipes was first recorded from Iran on imported pineapples from Uganda or Kenya (Moghaddam, 1999). Recently, it has been seen on the roots of P. dactylifera, but there is no record of its damage on the palm (Zarghami &amp; Moghaddam, 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4237FF9BFF0636F4CBD44341	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4237FF9BFF06309DCA974180.text	001C87DD4237FF9BFF06309DCA974180.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell 1899	<div><p>Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, 1899 (Figs 1G–H)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). HORMOZGAN: 2♀♀, Hajiabad (28°18'01"N, 55°56'02"E), 13.iii.2001. KERMANSHAH: 4♀♀, Ghasr-e Shirin (34°16'09"N, 45°48'18"E), 4.ix.1950; KHOUZESTAN: 3♀♀, Ahvaz, Omol-Tamir (31°15'17.3"N, 48°32'41.7"E), 02.iv.2022; 4♀♀, Abadan, Shalheh Soamr (30°14'51.0”N, 48°22'22.7"E), 14.i.2021; 2♀♀, Khorramshahr, Minoo (30°21'14.3”N, 48°12'12.1"E), 19.iv.2021; 6♀♀, Shadegan, Darkhovin (30°45'39.6”N, 48°25'49.7"E), 03.viii.2023; SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 3♀♀, Chabahar, Shamesar (25°33'28"N, 60°29'12"E), 1.vii.2009; 9♀♀, Iranshahr, Bazman (27°49'04"N, 60°09'07"E 11.xi.2000; 6♀♀, Saravan (27°38'41"N, 62°31'14"E), 27.iv.1995. YAZD: 2♀♀, Tabas (33°35'53"N, 56°55'07"E), 18.iv.2010.</p><p>Remarks. Phoenicococcus marlatti is native to North Africa and the Middle East, but it is presently distributed everywhere ornamental or date palms are grown (Stickney et al., 1950). It has been recorded on host plants in six genera belonging to four families: Arecaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae and Pandanaceae . In Iran, it has been found only on P. dactylifera, and it is not considered to be a serious pest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4237FF9BFF06309DCA974180	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4237FF9BFF063339CFE44759.text	001C87DD4237FF9BFF063339CFE44759.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall 1925)	<div><p>Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall, 1925)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 3♀♀, Iranshahr (27°15'17"N, 60°36'25"E), 28.ii.1995; 5♀♀, Sarbaz, Jalilabad (26°28'12"N, 61°15'26"E), 9.xi.2000; 8♀♀, Chabahar (25°17'37"N, 60°38'39"E), 23.iv.2001.</p><p>Remarks. Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus has been recorded on host plants in six genera belonging to four families: Arecaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae, its distribution covers 10 countries, mostly from the Middle East and North Africa (García Morales et al., 2016). Infestations were found especially on young palms in Iran and it is limited to the southeast of Sistan-o Balouchestan province (Moghaddam, 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4237FF9BFF063339CFE44759	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4237FF98FF063442CAD741AF.text	001C87DD4237FF98FF063442CAD741AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Formicococcus phoenicis Moghaddam & Zarghami 2024	<div><p>Formicococcus phoenicis Moghaddam &amp; Zarghami sp. nov. (Figs 2C, 2D, 3)</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E8883D5C-D757-4F9F-B7FB-60D5447385CC</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. adult female: IRAN, left label: No. 3044 / IRAN / KHOUZESTAN, Ahvaz / Date. 21.viii.2023 / Alt. 200 m / 31˚19'07"N, 48˚45'24"E; right label: Holotype / Formicococcus phoenicis sp. nov. / Pl. root of Phoenix dactylifera / ( Arecaceae) / Col. S. Zarghami / (HMIM); holotype mounted on a slide together with 1 paratype adult female. Paratypes. same data as for holotype: 1 adult female on holotype slide; 4 adult females mounted singly on slides; and 2 adult females mounted together on one slide (HMIM).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is based on the Latin genitive of the host-plant genus name, Phoenix .]</p><p>Appearance (Figs 2C–D). Live specimens were found on the roots of date palms. Unmounted live specimens - adult female broadly oval, grey to red, dorsum of body lightly dusted with white mealy wax secretion; posterior end with marginal white wax filaments very slightly developed.</p><p>Diagnosis. Formicococcus phoenicis sp. nov. is most similar to F. tripurensis Williams, 2004, in sharing the following characteristics: (i) circulus present; (ii) lacking oral collar tubular ducts on head and thorax; (iii) posterior abdominal segments VI and VII with marginal groups of oral collar tubular ducts; and (iv) stiff dorsal setae. However, F. phoenicis differs from the latter by the following features (characters states of F. tripurenis given in parentheses): (i) cerarii numbering 9 or 10 pairs (15 or 16 pairs); (ii) anal lobe cerarii each containing 7–9 conical setae and 4 or 5 auxiliary setae (3 conical setae and 0 auxiliary setae); (iii) apical, cisanal and obanal setae flagellate, long (all thick and relatively short); (iv) posterior abdominal segments with some medial ventral setae apparently wide, and blunt or pointed at the apex (medial setae on posterior abdominal segments usually thicker at bases than at apices). Formicococcus phoenicis is also similar to F. robustus (Ezzat &amp; McConnel) in having: (i) circulus present; (ii) anal lobe cerarii each with more than 2 cerarian setae and auxiliary setae; and (iii) ventral oral collar tubular ducts absent from head and thorax. However, F. phoenicis differs from the latter by having (character states of F. robustus given in parentheses): (i) cerarii numbering 7 pairs on abdomen and only 2 on head (normally 18 pairs); (ii) ventral multilocular disc-pores present on abdominal segments IV–IX (V–IX); and (iii) posterior abdominal segments with some ventral setae thicker, and a few medial setae distorted and widening at apex (all setae flagellate).</p><p>Description. Holotype ♀ (Fig. 3) and 7 paratypes ♀♀ (Slide-mounted). Body broadly oval, 2.81 (1.95– 3.07) mm long, 2.27 (1.31–2.52) mm wide. Eyes situated on margin, each 38 (32–40) μm wide. Anal lobes well developed, each with ventral surface bearing stout apical seta, 236 (196–240) μm long and about 8 μm wide at base; and anal lobe bar, 40 (30–60) μm long, extending forwards mainly from bar seta. Antennae each 316 (308–360) μm long, with 8 segments, apical segment longest, with 3 fleshy setae; the ratio of length for each segment: I – 60; II–48; III – 32; IV–24; V–24; VI–28, VII–32 and VIII–72 μm long. Legs well developed; hind leg segment lengths (in μm): trochanter+femur 270 (240–280), tibia+tarsus 220 (204 – 220); claw 41 (36–41), without denticle. Tarsal digitules slightly knobbed at apex, each 43(38– 43) μm long and smaller than claw; claw digitules apically knobbed, each 27(20–28) μm long, slightly longer than claw. Ratio of lengths of hind tibia+tarsus to trochanter+femur 1: 0.81 (0.22–0.81), and ratio of lengths of hind tibia to tarsus 1: 1.03 (1.16 – 1.03). Translucent pores present on anterior and posterior surfaces of hind coxa, and on posterior surface of hind tibia. Cerarii numbering 7 or 8 pairs on abdomen and 2 pairs on head; anal lobe cerarii (C 18) each containing 7 – 9 conical setae of different sizes, with 2 setae larger than others, 15–22 (20–26) μm long, and 4–6 (3–6) μm wide at base; 4–6 long auxiliary setae, each 25 – 33 (32–40) μm long; and about 35 (30–40) trilocular pores, all in a compact group; penultimate cerarii (C 17) each about 11 (10–19) conical setae, 0 auxiliary setae, and a compact group of trilocular pores. Cerarii on abdominal segment VI (C 16) each bearing 18 (16–18) conical setae; cerarii on abdominal segment V (C 15) each with 15 (13 – 16) conical setae; C 14 with 8 (7–9) conical setae; C 13 with 5 (4–5); and C 12 with 2 conical setae. Frontal and preocular cerarii each containing 2 (2 or 3) conical cerarii with flagellate tips. Circulus present, slightly sclerotised, 244 (192–244) μm wide, divided by intersegmental line. Both pairs of ostioles prominent, with inner edges of lips thick and heavily sclerotised, each lip bearing fairly crowded short setae and trilocular pores. Anal ring 88 (80–92) μm long and 76 (64–76) μm wide, with 1 row of pores on anterior half and 2 rows of pores on posterior half; bearing 6 setae, each about 88 (78–90) μm long.</p><p>Dorsum. with slender, stiff setae in various sizes present, each 6–24 μm long, almost all curved. Some setae with base associated with 1 trilocular pore. Trilocular pores numerous, each about 3 μm in diameter, present throughout. Bilocular pores, smaller than trilocular pores, scattered.</p><p>Venter. with some setae stiff, long, pointed, each 22–50 μm long; setae toward posterior end of abdomen usually thicker at base; distorted setae, each widening at apex or with pointed apex, usually numbering 1 pair on each of abdominal segments III–VII; also with 1 pair thick setae on head. Cisanal setae thick, each about 176 (110–176) μm long; obanal setae similar in shape to cisanal setae but slightly shorter, each about 120 (110–120) μm long. Multilocular disc- pores each about 5 μm in diameter, present posterior to vulva, and in medial and submedial to submarginal areas of abdominal segments IV–VII in double to triple rows at posterior edges of segments. Trilocular pores numerous and discoidal pores scattered throughout. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes: larger ducts, each about 7 μm long and 3 μm wide, present in groups near posterior margins of abdominal segments V and VI; and smaller ducts, each about 5 μm long, present in groups on marginal areas of segments V–VII.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4237FF98FF063442CAD741AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
001C87DD4234FF98FFF7371ECD654358.text	001C87DD4234FF98FFF7371ECD654358.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green 1908)	<div><p>Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908)</p><p>Material examined. on Ph. dactylifera ( Arecaceae). SISTAN-o BALOUCHESTAN: 1♀♀, Chabahar, Bahookalat [25°42'26"N, 61°25'34"E], 1.v.2001.</p><p>Remarks. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was first recorded in Iran (Moghaddam, 2006), this species is native to southern Asia (Williams, 1996). M. hirsutus is highly polyphagous and it shows some preference for hosts in the Malvaceae, Fabaceae and Moraceae (García Morales et al., 2016) . In Iran, it has been found on 25 host-plant species belonging to 18 families, including P. dactylifera (Moghaddam &amp; Watson, 2022) . There is not any report of damage on Ph. dactylifera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/001C87DD4234FF98FFF7371ECD654358	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moghaddam, Masoumeh;Zarghami, Sara	Moghaddam, Masoumeh, Zarghami, Sara (2024): Scale insect species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) on the date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Iran with description of a new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (4): 769-779, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.10.4.769, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.4.769
