identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
06298781FFA545208D8D941B349FFE36.text	06298781FFA545208D8D941B349FFE36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emerita emeritus (Linnaeus 1767)	<div><p>Emerita emeritus (Linnaeus, 1767)</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Cancer emeritus Linnaeus, 1767: 1055 [type locality: Indian Ocean].</p><p>Hippa asiatica H. Milne Edwards, 1837: 209 [type locality: “seas of Asia”].</p><p>Hippa emerita . —H. Milne Edwards 1837: 209.</p><p>Material examined. MZB. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.65625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.7030835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.65625/lat -7.7030835)">Cru.</a> 4109, 1 female, Bengkulu Province, 7°42.185'S, 108°39.375'E ; IPB Pangandaran 1, 3–5, 4 males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.65625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.7030835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.65625/lat -7.7030835)">Pangandaran Regency</a>, 7°42.185'S, 108°39.375'E ; IPB-Cilacap 11–12, 1 male, 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.18838&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.694122" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.18838/lat -7.694122)">Cilacap Regency</a>, 7°41.6473'S, 109°11.3026'E, Indonesia .</p><p>Diagnosis. CL up to 19.0 mm. Carapace anterolateral margin smooth. First pereiopod dactylus with 4 or 5 spines on inner margin (including terminal spine), outer margin usually with 2 spines.</p><p>Description. Body almost cylindrical. Carapace frontal margin tridentate, all 3 lobes relatively long and slender with horny tips, median lobe triangular, acute; anterolateral margin smooth (Fig. 2A); transverse dorsal rugae carapace crowded and numerous, postfrontal and postgastric furrows carapace well marked, hepatic region strongly grooved; posterolateral margin rounded.</p><p>Ocular peduncle slender, elongated; length (including cornea) exceeding tip of longest horny spine on second antennal segment. Antennular flagellum of 25–27 articles. Second antennal segment with 3 large spines distally, all with horny tips, median spine longest.</p><p>Merus of third maxilliped rectangular, length approximately 1.5 times as long as greatest width; outer anterolateral angle tooth-like produced; antero-internal lobe low, triangular, prominent (Fig. 2b).</p><p>First pereiopod dactylus broadly ovate, length 1.8–2.0 times as long as greatest width (generally less than twice its greatest width), distal margin with one spine, outer margin with 1–3, usually 2 spines, sometimes broken or missing, inner margin typically with 4 spines in distal one-third of lower margin (Fig. 2c).</p><p>Variation. Specimen MZB.Cru.4109 from Bengkulu, has the first pereiopod dactylus with no spine on the outer margin and only two spines on the inner margin, including the terminal spine (perhaps another spine was broken), and the antennular flagellum consists of 42 articles. Specimen IPB-Pangandaran 1, 3–5 from Pangandaran bears 4 or 5 spines on the inner margin including the terminal spine, 2 s p i n e s on the outer margin, usually, and 25–27 articles on the antennular flagellum. Specimen IPB-Cilacap 11, 12, collected from Cilacap, h a s the first pereiopod dactylus with 1 or 2 spines on the outer margin and 3–5 spines on the inner margin, including the terminal spine, and the antennular flagellum has 30–31 articles.</p><p>Natural history. Emerita emeritus inhabits sandy beaches, mostly those with coarse sand sediment fractions (Rahmatuloh et al. 2020). This species can produce 419–4572 eggs; the number of eggs increased significantly with size in ovigerous females (Edritanti et al. 2016). Emerita emeritus is distributed on the west coast of India eastwards to Vietnam and southwards to Sumatra and Java, Indonesia (Sankolli 1965).</p><p>Remarks. The reference specimen of Emerita emeritus used for morphological and molecular identification (MZB.Cru.4109, KR047035) was collected from Bengkulu. The reference specimen’s locality matches that of the specimens from Bengkulu that Schmitt (1937) and Efford (1976) suggested from which one could be chosen as a neotype (no neotype has ever been designated for this species and no type material of Linnaeus is extant).</p><p>Efford (1976) examined species of Emerita to study their distribution and used specimens from various localities, such as Bengkulu (Sumatra, Indonesia) and Madras (India), to confirm their identity as E. emeritus . Sankolli’s (1965) documentation of the specimen from Madras was used in the current study as our reference in characterizing the morphology of E. emeritus .</p><p>We conclude that the characters shown in Efford (1976) that look slightly different from our Emerita emeritus specimens (Fig. 2; section dactylus) represent intraspecific variation. This also applies to the presence or absence of spine characters on the outer margin of t h e dactylus of t h e first pereiopod, which Efford (1976) described as variations in E. emeritus originating from Indonesia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06298781FFA545208D8D941B349FFE36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Farajallah, Achmad;Hanim, Nisfa;Putri, Vinna Windy;Wardiatno, Yusli	Farajallah, Achmad, Hanim, Nisfa, Putri, Vinna Windy, Wardiatno, Yusli (2025): Two mole crab species of Emerita Scopoli, 1777 (Decapoda: Anomura: Hippidae) from Java Island, Indonesia, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5631 (3): 509-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.3.5
06298781FFA3452C8D8D91EE3284FE6E.text	06298781FFA3452C8D8D91EE3284FE6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emerita pangandaran Farajallah & Hanim & Putri & Wardiatno 2025	<div><p>Emerita pangandaran sp. nov.</p><p>Zoobank Taxon registration urn:zoobank.org:act: D9622937-EAA7-4094-B0DC-7384EF19F20D</p><p>(Figs. 3–5)</p><p>Holotype. MZB.Cru.5338, male (CL 18.3 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.65625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.7030835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.65625/lat -7.7030835)">Pangandaran Beach</a>, Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia, 7°42.185'S, 108°39.375'E, intertidal, coll. Nisfa Hanim, 7 October 2020.</p><p>Paratypes. MZB.Cru.5339, 1 female (CL 35.0 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.65625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.7030835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.65625/lat -7.7030835)">Pangandaran Beach</a>, Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia, 7°42.185'S, 108°39.375'E), coll. Nisfa Hanim and Achmad Farajallah, 22 August 2019 ; MZB. Cru.5340, 10 females (CL 15.1–32.4 mm), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.18838&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.694122" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.18838/lat -7.694122)">Sodong Beach</a>, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, 7°41.6473'S, 109°11.3026'E, intertidal, coll. Achmad Farajallah and Dyah Perwitasari, 4 October 2020 .</p><p>Diagnosis. CL up to 35 mm. Carapace anterolateral margin crenulate. First pereiopod dactylus with 4 or 5 distinct spines on inner margin (including terminal spine), terminal spine shorter than others; outer margin crenulated but without distinct spines.</p><p>Description of holotype. CL 18.3 mm, body almost cylindrical. Carapace frontal margin trilobate, all lobes sharply triangular, median lobe shorter than lateral lobes, separated by wide U-shaped sinus; anterolateral margin crenulate (Fig. 4a); dorsal surface covered with prominent transverse ridges (Fig. 3); lateral margin serrate on anterior half, serrate appearance formed by minutely setose pits; posterolateral margin rounded.</p><p>Ocular peduncle elongated, slender, reaching tip of second antennal segment (Fig. 4a). Antennular flagellum composed of 27–30 articles. Second antennal segment with three sharply pointed, large spines distally, median spine longest.</p><p>Third maxilliped merus rectangular, 1.50–1.63 times as long as greatest width; outer anterolateral angle rectangular; anteromesial lobe distinct, distally rounded (Fig. 4b).</p><p>First pereiopod dactylus broadly ovate in general outline, 1.85–2.08 times as long as greatest width, with 1 terminal spine; inner margin with 3 or 4 distinct horny spines; outer margin crenulated but without distinct spines (Fig. 4c). Dactyli of second and third pereiopods falcate, distally subacute, thin.</p><p>Telson triangular, slightly convex on lateral margins, rounded on distal margin.</p><p>Variation. Specimens MZB.Cru.5338 and MZB.Cru.5339 from Pangandaran have four or five distinct horny spines on the inner margin, including the terminal spine, and the antennular flagellum consists of 27–30 articles. Specimen MZB.Cru.5340 from Cilacap has the first pereiopod dactylus with one or two spines on the inner margin (perhaps another spine was broken), and the antennular flagellum has 39 or 40 articles.</p><p>Natural history. Emerita pangandaran sp. nov. is found in the swash zone area of beach which has coarse white sand.</p><p>Etymology. The new species name is derived from the locality and is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Comparison. Emerita pangandaran sp. nov. with its putative sister species, Emerita emeritus, differ from other species of the genus by the combination of the number of spines on the inner margin of the dactylus of the first pereiopod, the length of the dactylus of the first pereiopod being less than twice the width, the dactylus of the first pereiopod distally bearing a terminal spine, and the frontal lobes are distally acute. Differences between the two species are in the presence of a spine on the outer margin of the dactylus of the first pereiopod and the armature of the anterior margin of the carapace (Table 4). The general differences between the new species and the other four species in the phylogeny, are, in E. analoga (Stimpson, 1857), E. brasiliensis Schmitt, 1835, and E. talpoida (Say, 1817), that the dactylus of the first pereiopod is distally obtuse (without terminal spine), and in E. portoricensis Schmitt, 1835, the frontal lateral lobes are obtuse (Schmitt 1935). In species of the genus Emerita the dactylus of the first pereiopod is flat, unlike those of the genus Hippa which have a dactylus on the first pereiopod that is spiniform.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/06298781FFA3452C8D8D91EE3284FE6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Farajallah, Achmad;Hanim, Nisfa;Putri, Vinna Windy;Wardiatno, Yusli	Farajallah, Achmad, Hanim, Nisfa, Putri, Vinna Windy, Wardiatno, Yusli (2025): Two mole crab species of Emerita Scopoli, 1777 (Decapoda: Anomura: Hippidae) from Java Island, Indonesia, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5631 (3): 509-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.3.5
