identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
32760BD6D09958AD89E703445F980DAB.text	32760BD6D09958AD89E703445F980DAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angaeus christae Benjamin 2013	<div><p>Angaeus christae Benjamin, 2013</p><p>Figs 1, 2</p><p>Angaeus christae Benjamin, 2013: 74, figs 3 A, B, E, 5 A – D.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indonesia – Sumatra, Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.772896&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.772896/lat -2.0766666)">Desa Baru</a>; 02°04'36.0"S, 102°46'22.4"E; elev. 54 m; 27 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BR 4.1_AraThom 025 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from all other congeners by the lack of MA in males (Figs 1 D – F, 2), and the kidney-shaped spermatheca in females (Benjamin 2013: fig. 5 C, D).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (2013_BR 4.1_AraThom 025 N_001; Figs 1, 2). Total length 6.70. Carapace length 2.89; width 2.70. Abdomen length 3.81; width 2.25. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.08; ALE 0.17; PLE 0.13; PME 0.10. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.15; AME – ALE 0.08; ALE – ALE 0.44; PME – PME 0.24; PME – PLE 0.23; ALE – PLE 0.19; AME – PME 0.27; PLE – PLE 0.89. Leg measurements: leg I 9.10 (2.94, 1.19, 2.52, 1.62, 0.83); leg II 8.60 (2.84, 1.02, 2.35, 1.55, 0.84); leg III 4.26 (1.43, 0.56, 1.08, 0.67, 0.52); leg IV 4.62 (1.64, 0.54, 1.17, 0.77, 0.50). Carapace pear-shaped, dark reddish brown; AER recurved; PER recurved. Abdomen oval, yellow with streaks of red; cardiac mark drab yellow. Front legs much thicker than back legs, dark reddish brown with dark blotches; back legs lighter. Palp (Figs 1 D – F, 2): cymbium 1.5 × length of tibia. Conductor curved, forming a sheath for the embolus. Embolus claw-shaped with a thick base. RTA short and stout, roughly triangular.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province, new record); Malaysia (Borneo) Fig. 29.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Given the lack of MA and the oval abdomen shape of the males (rhomboid in females and all other congeners), it is possible that this species should belong in a different genus and that the female paratype described in Benjamin (2013) is in fact not conspecific with the holotype male. However, due to the lack of additional specimens, we refrain from making any taxonomic changes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32760BD6D09958AD89E703445F980DAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
E50C691C4DC35C8D89276CC77D4183E8.text	E50C691C4DC35C8D89276CC77D4183E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angaeus verrucosus Benjamin 2017	<div><p>Angaeus verrucosus Benjamin, 2017</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Angaeus verrucosus Benjamin, 2017 a: 297, figs 1–14.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indonesia – Sumatra, Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Batang Hari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.33283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1784446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.33283/lat -2.1784446)">Hutan Harapan Conservation Area</a>; 02°10'42.4"S, 103°19'58.2"E; elev. 54 m; 3 Aug. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rainforest; GOET 2013_HF 3.2_AraThom 093 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See Benjamin (2017 a).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (2013_HF 3.2_AraThom 093 N_001, Figs 3, 4). Total length 5.71. Carapace length 2.80; width 2.70. Abdomen length 2.91; width 2.47. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.09; ALE 0.19; PLE 0.20; PME 0.10. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.13; AME – ALE 0.12; ALE – ALE 0.52; PME – PME 0.21; PME – PLE 0.26; ALE – PLE 0.23; AME – PME 0.35; PLE – PLE 0.90. Leg measurements: leg I 14.04 (4.32, 1.20, 4.47, 2.78, 1.27); leg II 13.87 (4.29, 0.98, 4.59, 2.80, 1.21); leg III 14.95 (1.93, 9.66, 1.42, 1.19, 0.75); leg IV 6.85 (2.39, 0.62, 1.63, 1.40, 0.81). For a complete description, see Benjamin (2017 a).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province, new record); Malaysia (Borneo) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E50C691C4DC35C8D89276CC77D4183E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
56552CC70CB05E818340DF6F3B63912A.text	56552CC70CB05E818340DF6F3B63912A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cebrenninus magnus Benjamin 2016	<div><p>Cebrenninus magnus Benjamin, 2016</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>Cebrenninus rugosus Simon, 1887: Tang and Li 2010: 23, figs 17 A – C, 18 A – E, 19 A – D; Benjamin 2011: 13, figs 5 C, F, 8 B, E, F, 27 A – E, 28 A – F, 29 A – F [misidentifications].</p><p>Cebrenninus magnus Benjamin, 2016: 185, figs 6–8, 35–36, 38–45.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indonesia – Sumatra, Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.77078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.77078/lat -2.0304167)">Desa Baru</a>; 02°01'49.5"S, 102°46'14.8"E; elev. 57 m; 22 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BJ 6.1_AraThom 070 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See Benjamin (2016).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (2013_BJ 6.1_AraThom 070 N_001; Figs 5, 6). Total length 4.28. Carapace length 2.06; width 1.99. Abdomen length 2.22; width 1.74. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.06; ALE 0.18; PLE 0.14; PME 0.07. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.16; AME – ALE 0.18; ALE – ALE 0.58; PME – PME 0.22; PME – PLE 0.33; ALE – PLE 0.20; AME – PME 0.21; PLE – PLE 0.85. Leg measurements: leg I 8.42 (2.56, 0.60, 2.79, 1.91, 0.56); leg II 9.48 (2.76, 0.61, 2.97, 2.03, 1.11); leg III 6.10 (1.80, 0.50, 1.62, 1.41, 0.77); leg IV 6.20 (1.75, 0.52, 1.67, 1.46, 0.80). For complete description, see Benjamin (2011) and Tang and Li (2010) under Cebrenninus rugosus Simon, 1887 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China; Laos; Thailand; Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province, new record; Java); Malaysia (Borneo) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56552CC70CB05E818340DF6F3B63912A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
6D1F8020BE9854CCA06A5AE859F599C4.text	6D1F8020BE9854CCA06A5AE859F599C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cebrenninus rugosus Simon 1887	<div><p>Cebrenninus rugosus Simon, 1887</p><p>Figs 7, 8</p><p>Cebrenninus rugosus Simon, 1887 468; Simon 1897: 9, figs 1, 2; Benjamin 2016: 190, figs 9, 11, 12, 17–20, 37, 57–64.</p><p>Cebrenninus annulatus Simon, 1897: 8.</p><p>Cebrenninus scabriculus Simon, 1897: 8.</p><p>Libania annulata Thorell, 1890: 149.</p><p>Libania armillata Thorell, 1890: 149.</p><p>Libania scabricula Thorell, 1890: 148.</p><p>Libania scabricula sulcata Thorell, 1890: 148.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indonesia • Sumatra, Jambi Province, 1 ♀; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.77078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.77078/lat -2.0304167)">Desa Baru</a>; 02°01'49.5"S, 102°46'14.8"E; elev. 57 m; 12 Jul. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BJ 6.1_AraThom 048 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>For diagnosis of Cebrennius rugosus Simon, 1887 see Benjamin (2016).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (2013_BJ 6.1_AraThom 048 N_001; Figs 7, 8). Total length 4.35. Carapace length 2.08; width 2.05. Abdomen length 2.27; width 1.95. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.06; ALE 0.13; PLE 0.15; PME 0.07. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.14; AME – ALE 0.16; ALE – ALE 0.57; PME – PME 0.25; PME – PLE 0.29; ALE – PLE 0.23; AME – PME 0.24; PLE – PLE 0.85. Leg measurements: leg I 8.46 (2.67, 0.62, 2.63, 1.61, 0.93); leg II 8.68 (2.74, 0.68, 2.69, 1.61, 0.96); leg III 5.43 (1.63, 0.47, 1.52, 1.18, 0.63); leg IV 5.73 (1.77, 0.46, 1.54, 1.28, 0.68). For a complete description of C. rugosus see Benjamin (2016). The specimen described here possesses striated legs with granulation on the ventral side of femora (Fig. 7 A, D). Epigynum (Fig. 8): CO positioned at the posterior end of spermatheca, connected to a semicircular window. Spermatheca oval with a small protrusion on the anterior end.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Malaysia (Borneo); Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo) Fig. 29.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The specimen examined here is tentatively identified as Cebrenninus rugosus, as no images are available showing the dorsal view of the epigynum, and we are unable to re-examine any type specimen. Examined specimen also exhibits distinct banding and strong ventral granulation on the legs, which were not described in Benjamin (2016), although the lack of banding might be due to the fade of colouration in ethanol.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D1F8020BE9854CCA06A5AE859F599C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
9D528044AE5B5B17A0248F674CB01880.text	9D528044AE5B5B17A0248F674CB01880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crockeria kinabalu Benjamin 2016	<div><p>Crockeria kinabalu Benjamin, 2016</p><p>Figs 9, 10</p><p>Crockeria kinabalu Benjamin, 2016: 195, figs 92, 93, 96–99.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indonesia – Sumatra, Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Batang Hari, Bajubang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.2595&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.9282223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.2595/lat -1.9282223)">Bungku</a>; 01°55'41.6"S, 103°15'34.2"E; elev. 48 m; 9 May 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_HJ 1.1_AraThom 033 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Crockeria kinabalu Benjamin, 2016 are distinguishable from Crockeria neofelis Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov., by the elongated MA (Figs 9 D – F, 10; Benjamin 2016: fig. 96) (vs wide, pincer-shaped; Figs 11 E, F, 13 A, B); tapering, filiform conductor (vs membranous, triangular with rounded-tip); filiform embolus (vs short, needle-shaped); hook-shaped RTA (Figs 9 D, 10 A; Benjamin 2016: fig. 97) (vs RTA with a flat, spatulate tip; Figs 11 E, 13 A). Females are distinguishable from Crockeria laevis (Thorell, 1890) by the smaller CO (Benjamin 2016: figs 95, 98, 99) and from C. neofelis by the larger, inward-facing CO (vs smaller, outward facing; Figs 12 C, D, 13 D) and lack of epigynal windows. Furthermore, the abdomen is uniformly coloured (Fig. 9 A) (vs patterned in the other two species (Figs 11 A, 12 A; Benjamin 2016: fig. 94).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (2013_HJ 1.1_AraThom 033 N_001; Figs 9, 10). Total length 2.75. Carapace length 1.36; width 1.28. Abdomen length 1.39; width 1.14. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.04; ALE 0.12; PLE 0.10; PME 0.05. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.05; AME – ALE 0.06; ALE – ALE 0.24; PME – PME 0.09; PME – PLE 0.13; ALE – PLE 0.10; AME – PME 0.15; PLE – PLE 0.44. Leg measurements: leg I -; leg II -; leg III 3.22 (0.95, 0.34, 0.83, 0.64, 0.46); leg IV 3.12 (0.96, 0.29, 0.79, 0.62, 0.46). For a complete description see Benjamin (2016).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province (new record) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D528044AE5B5B17A0248F674CB01880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
9CBD622F6836516E9E0A50D5AF5F41CF.text	9CBD622F6836516E9E0A50D5AF5F41CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crockeria neofelis Dhiya'ulhaq & Benjamin 2025	<div><p>Crockeria neofelis Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11, 12, 13 A, B, D, E</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Sarolangun, Pauh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.85125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1433058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.85125/lat -2.1433058)">Semaran</a>; 02°08'35.9"S, 102°51'04.5"E; elev. 45 m; 16 Jul. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BJ 5.2_AraThom 007 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) . Paratypes. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♀; same data as holotype; GOET 2013_BJ 5.2_AraThom 007 N_002 (to be transferred to MZB) . • 2 ♀♀; Sarolangun, Pauh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.85125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1433058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.85125/lat -2.1433058)">Semaran</a>; 02°08'35.9"S, 102°51'04.5"E; elev. 45 m; 16 Jul. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; ZMH ZMH -A 0031849, ZMH -A 0031850 (GOET 2013_BJ 5.1_AraThom 007 N_001, 002) . • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.77078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.77078/lat -2.0304167)">Desa Baru</a>; 02°01'49.5"S, 102°46'14.8"E; elev. 57 m; 12 Jul. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; ZMH ZMH -A 0031851, ZMH -A 0031852, ZMH -A 0031853 (GOET 2013_BJ 6.2_AraThom 007 N_001–003) . • 1 ♀; Sarolangun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.750725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.982" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.750725/lat -1.982)">Bukit Duabelas National Park</a>; 01°58'55.2"S, 102°45'02.6"E; elev. 73 m; 7 Oct. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rainforest; GOET 2013_BF 2.1_AraThom 007 N_001 (to be transferred to SMF) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Crockeria neofelis Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov., are easily distinguished from Crockeria kinabalu Benjamin, 2016 by the very wide MA with pincer-shaped tip (Figs 11 E, F, 13 A, B vs elongated with a rounded tip, Figs 9 D – F, 10, Benjamin 2016: fig. 96), membranous, triangular conductor with rounded-tip (vs tapering and filiform), short, needle-shaped embolus (vs filiform), and RTA with a flat, spatulate tip (Figs 11 E, 13 A vs hook-shaped, Figs 9 D, 10 A, Benjamin 2016: fig. 97). Females are easily distinguished from C. kinabalu and Crockeria laevis (Thorell, 1890) by the small, outward-facing CO (Fig. 10 D, F vs inward facing in C. kinabalu and C. laevis, Benjamin 2016: figs 95, 98, 99) and the presence of two large, semicircular windows (vs absent in other species). Additionally, the abdomen of both sexes are patterned in a similar way as C. laevis (Figs 11 A, 12 A; Benjamin 2016: fig. 94), unlike the uniformly coloured abdomen in C. kinabalu (Fig. 9 A).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype 2013_BJ 5.2_AraThom 007 N_001; Figs 11, 13 A, B). Total length 2.91. Carapace length 1.33; width 1.30. Abdomen length 1.58; width 1.25. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.05; ALE 0.14; PLE 0.09; PME 0.07. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.11; AME – ALE 0.09; ALE – ALE 0.28; PME – PME 0.14; PME – PLE 0.17; ALE – PLE 0.12; AME – PME 0.15; PLE – PLE 0.56. Leg measurements: leg I 6.50 (1.84, 0.46, 1.89, 1.52, 0.79); leg II 6.65 (1.84, 0.44, 1.97, 1.57, 0.83); leg III 3.59 (1.04, 0.32, 0.95, 0.83, 0.45); leg IV 3.63 (1.11, 0.30, 0.97, 0.82, 0.43). Carapace pear-shaped, dark brown, with sparse yellow setae; eye region purplish red; AER recurved; PER recurved. Abdomen oval, brown with paired pale-brown blotches and a pale-brown cardiac mark. Legs with ventral dark blotches and faint striation; front legs dark-brown; back legs pale brown. Palp (Figs 11 D – F, 13 A, B): cymbium slightly less than twice the length of tibia. Conductor triangular with a rounded tip, membranous, longer than MA and embolus. Embolus short; tip rather stout and needle-shaped. MA very wide, pincer-shaped in ventral view; tip with a sinuous keel. RTA slightly constricted in the middle, followed by a flat, spatulate tip best seen in ventral view.</p><p>Female (paratype 2013_BJ 5.2_AraThom 007 N_002; Figs 12, 13 D, E). Total length 3.42. Carapace length 1.49; width 1.52. Abdomen length 1.93; width 2.02. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.05; ALE 0.12; PLE 0.12; PME 0.07. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.16; AME – ALE 0.12; ALE – ALE 0.49; PME – PME 0.19; PME – PLE 0.23; ALE – PLE 0.13; AME – PME 0.18; PLE – PLE 0.69. Leg measurements: leg I 6.73 (1.78, 0.46, 2.04, 1.64, 0.81); leg II 6.96 (1.89, 0.47, 2.11, 1.67, 0.82); leg III 3.96 (1.17, 0.38, 1.05, 0.86, 0.50); leg IV 3.95 (1.16, 0.30, 1.05, 0.96, 0.48). Habitus as in males. Epigynum (Figs 12 C – F, 13 D, E): CO small and inconspicuous, outward facing, positioned at the mid-length of spermatheca. Two semicircular ‘ windows’ present beside the CO. CD short. Spermatheca round.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet refers to the Sunda Clouded Leopard, Neofelis diardi (G. Cuvier, 1823), native to Sumatra. The dark blotches on the legs of C. neofelis are reminiscent of the fur pattern of this feline. Noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9CBD622F6836516E9E0A50D5AF5F41CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
36985E67D7DC5EB4BDD042A4C07000C4.text	36985E67D7DC5EB4BDD042A4C07000C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epidius elongatus Benjamin 2017	<div><p>Epidius elongatus Benjamin, 2017</p><p>Figs 13 C, 14</p><p>Epidius elongatus Benjamin, 2017 b: 474, figs 2 C, 4 B.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.7535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0157778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.7535/lat -2.0157778)">Desa Baru</a>; 02°00'56.8"S, 102°45'12.6"E; elev. 64 m; 23 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BJ 4.1_AraThom 071 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See Benjamin (2017 b).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (2013_BJ 4.1_AraThom 071 N_001, Figs 13 C, 14). Total length 3.95. Carapace length 1.87; width 1.53. Abdomen length 2.08; width 1.31. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.06; ALE 0.14; PLE 0.11; PME 0.08. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.07; AME – ALE 0.05; ALE – ALE 0.26; PME – PME 0.10; PME – PLE 0.10; ALE – PLE 0.11; AME – PME 0.23; PLE – PLE 0.47. Leg measurements: leg I 11.66 (3.41, 0.62, 3.72, 2.64, 1.27); leg II 11.13 (3.31, 0.62, 3.57, 2.46, 1.17); leg III 5.63 (1.75, 0.41, 1.61, 1.27, 0.59); leg IV 6.21 (1.91, 0.46, 1.81, 1.45, 0.58). Carapace pale yellow, with a reddish brown wide median band running from the cephalic groove across the eyes, splitting just after them, continuing to the chelicerae. Legs faintly striated. Abdomen with a pair of white longitudinal bands. For a complete description, see Benjamin (2017 b).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Thailand; Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province (new record) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36985E67D7DC5EB4BDD042A4C07000C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
63A4A6EA2E67518C9ADBBC23F114FBC5.text	63A4A6EA2E67518C9ADBBC23F114FBC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ibana svarnadvipa Dhiya'ulhaq & Benjamin 2025	<div><p>Ibana svarnadvipa Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 15, 16, 17</p><p>Epidius rubropictus Benjamin, 2011: 15, figs 5 I, 35 D, E (female from Sumatra only) [misidentification].</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Batang Hari, Bajubang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.30014&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8496388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.30014/lat -1.8496388)">Sungkai</a>; 01°50'58.7"S, 103°18'00.5"E; elev. 56 m; 5 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_HJ 3.2_AraThom 035 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) . Paratype. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♂; same data as holotype; ZMH ZMH -A 0031854 (GOET 2013_HJ 3.2_AraThom 035 N_002) . • 1 ♀; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.78914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0852222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.78914/lat -2.0852222)">Lubuk Kepayang</a>; 02°05'06.8"S, 102°47'20.9"E; elev. 70 m; 23 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BR 2.2_AraThom 035 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Ibana svarnadvipa Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov., can be distinguished from Ibana gan Liu &amp; S. Q. Li, 2022 and Ibana senagang Benjamin, 2014 by the slightly dorsally curved VTA (Figs 15 D, F, 17 B vs oblique with a flexed-back tip in I. senagang, Benjamin 2016: fig. 3 A; absent in I. gan, Zhong, Zheng &amp; Liu, 2022: fig. 1 E – G) and roughly triangular conductor with long-tapering tip (Figs 15 E, 17 A vs triangular with abruptly narrowing tip in I. senagang; absent in I. gan). Females can be distinguished by the CO positioned at the posterior end of spermatheca (Fig. 17 C vs anterior to spermatheca in I. gan, at middle length of spermatheca in I. senagang Liu et al. 2022: figs 2, 3; Benjamin 2016: fig. 3 B, C). Additionally, both sexes are rather uniformly coloured yellowish brown, with a pair of red stripes that cross the eye region (Figs 15 A – C, 16 A, B vs abdomen with a large, dark median band I. gan, red cephalic stripes absent in both I. gan and I. senagang; Zhong, Zheng &amp; Liu, 2022: figs 1 A, B, 2 A, B; Benjamin 2016: fig. 1 G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype 2013_HJ 3.2_AraThom 035 N_001; Figs 15, 17 A). Total length 3.54. Carapace length 1.56; width 1.51. Abdomen length 1.98; width 1.56. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.06; ALE 0.11; PLE 0.12; PME 0.09. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.07; AME – ALE 0.04; ALE – ALE 0.28; PME – PME 0.14; PME – PLE 0.12; ALE – PLE 0.11; AME – PME 0.19; PLE – PLE 0.53. Leg measurements: leg I 8.55 (2.21, 0.55, 2.45, 2.12, 1.22); leg II 8.95 (2.48, 0.54, 2.59, 2.10, 1.24); leg III 4.55 (1.38, 0.38, 1.26, 1.00, 0.53); leg IV 4.78 (1.47, 0.37, 1.33, 1.12, 0.49). Carapace pear shaped, yellow; cephalic region with a pair of diagonal red stripes that cross the ocular area; AER recurved; PER slightly recurved. Legs yellow, uniformly coloured. Abdomen oval, pale yellow. Palp (Figs 15 D – F, 17 A, B): cymbium 1.5 × the length of tibia. Conductor subtriangular; distal part tapering. Embolus long, filiform. Tibia with three strong macrosetae, prolateral to the VTA. VTA slightly dorsally curved; tip rounded.</p><p>Female (paratype 2013_BR 2.2_AraThom 035 N_001; Figs 16, 17 C, D). Total length 3.14. Carapace length 1.52; width 1.52. Abdomen length 1.62; width 1.26. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.05; ALE 0.11; PLE 0.12; PME 0.08. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.08; AME – ALE 0.05; ALE – ALE 0.29; PME – PME 0.15; PME – PLE 0.13; ALE – PLE 0.11; AME – PME 0.19; PLE – PLE 0.55. Leg measurements: leg I 7.72 (2.13, 0.58, 2.28, 1.78, 0.95); leg II 7.86 (2.27, 0.57, 2.28, 1.71, 1.03); leg III 4.08 (1.27, 0.42, 1.05, 0.86, 0.48); leg IV 4.18 (1.39, 0.38, 1.13, 0.94, 0.34). Female habitus as in male, except the carapace and abdomen is slightly darker in colour. Epigynum (Figs 16 C – E, 17 C, D): atrium longer than wide, posterior half bordered by a thin flap. CO hidden by aforementioned flap, positioned posterior to spermatheca. CD long, going around the inner side of spermatheca before joining at the anterior side. Spermatheca inverted pear-shaped. FD half of spermatheca length.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is taken from an ancient name for Sumatra, which is Sanskrit for ‘ island of gold’. Also referring to the colouration of the species in ethanol. Noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: North Sumatra and Jambi Province) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/63A4A6EA2E67518C9ADBBC23F114FBC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
0BD7857DDC875F8192FA4D94DF37DE02.text	0BD7857DDC875F8192FA4D94DF37DE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharta bimaculata Thorell 1891	<div><p>Pharta bimaculata Thorell, 1891</p><p>Figs 18, 19, 20</p><p>Pharta bimaculata Thorell, 1891: 85; Benjamin 2011: 18, figs 5 E, 48 A – D.</p><p>Sanmenia kohi Ono, 1995: 162, figs 7–15.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.791885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0708888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.791885/lat -2.0708888)">Lubuk Kepayang</a>; 02°04'15.2"S, 102°47'30.8"E; elev. 54 m; 5 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in oil palm plantation; GOET 2013_BO 3.2_AraThom 067 N_002–003 (to be transferred to MZB) . • 1 ♂; same data as previous; ZMH ZMH - A 0031855 (GOET 2013_BO 3.2_AraThom 067 N_001) . 1 ♀; Muaro Jambi, Bahar Utara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.355995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8782778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.355995/lat -1.8782778)">Talang Bukit</a>; 01°52'41.8"S, 103°21'21.6"E; elev. 21 m; 17 Aug. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in oil palm plantation; ZMH ZMH -A 0031856 (GOET 2013 _ HOr 2.2_AraThom 067 N_001) . • 1 ♀; Batang Hari, Bajubang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.30528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8609445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.30528/lat -1.8609445)">Sungkai</a>; 01°51'39.4"S, 103°18'19.0"E; elev. 42 m; 19 Aug. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in oil palm plantation; GOET 2013_HOr 3.1_AraThom 067 N_001 (to be transferred to SMF) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (2013_BO 3.2_AraThom 067 N_001; Figs 18, 20 A – C). Total length 2.54. Carapace length 1.25; width 1.25. Abdomen length 1.29; width 1.10. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.04; ALE 0.09; PLE 0.09; PME 0.07. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.07; AME – ALE 0.05; ALE – ALE 0.22; PME – PME 0.09; PME – PLE 0.11; ALE – PLE 0.10; AME – PME 0.13; PLE – PLE 0.43. Leg measurements: leg I 5.30 (1.46, 0.48, 1.52, 1.20, 0.64); leg II 4.95 (1.39, 0.42, 1.46, 1.14, 0.54); leg III 2.64 (0.79, 0.31, 0.69, 0.50, 0.35); leg IV 2.86 (0.88, 0.23, 0.77, 0.61, 0.37). Carapace pear-shaped, yellow, with a thin, black border; cephalic region with a pair of faint, diagonal, red stripes that cross the eyes; AER recurved; PER recurved. Leg I dark brown; leg II paler than leg I; legs III and IV pale yellow. Abdomen oval, cream coloured with a pair of large red spots in the middle and a smaller pair anteriorly, as well as faint small red dots all over. Palp (Figs 18 D – F, 20 A – C) as described in Ono (1995) under Sanmenia kohi .</p><p>Female (2013_BO 3.2_AraThom 067 N_003, Figs 19, 20 D, E). Total length 2.82. Carapace length 1.39; width 1.45. Abdomen length 1.43; width 1.30. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.04; ALE 0.11; PLE 0.11; PME 0.07. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.08; AME – ALE 0.05; ALE – ALE 0.25; PME – PME 0.10; PME – PLE 0.11; ALE – PLE 0.11; AME – PME 0.15; PLE – PLE 0.46. Leg measurements: leg I 5.33 (1.53, 0.59, 1.61, 1.14, 0.46); leg II 5.18 (1.56, 0.53, 1.55, 1.08, 0.46); leg III 2.67 (0.82, 0.31, 0.68, 0.48, 0.38); leg IV 3.03 (0.94, 0.31, 0.82, 0.54, 0.42). Habitus as in male, except the following: red carapace markings are more prominent and reach the middle of carapace. Small red dots on the abdomen are much more prominent. Epigynum: CO positioned roughly in the middle of spermatheca, on the inner margin, connected to a long horizontal fold. Spermatheca oval.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Singapore; Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province; new record) Fig. 29.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Certain specimens have less vibrant markings on the carapace and abdomen (Fig. 19 D).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The male specimen described here aligns perfectly with the characteristics of the genus, confirming the associated female’s accuracy. However, the genitalia of the female specimen described by Benjamin (2011: fig. 48 C, D) does not align with the female described in this study. Namely, it possesses a ‘ ring’ encircling the vulva, and the horizontal fold is noticeably lacking. Furthermore, the male and female specimens described by Benjamin (2011) were not collected during the same sampling event, suggesting a possible mismatch between them. Given that this is the type species of the genus and the type specimen is a juvenile, minimising taxonomic confusion is essential. Therefore, the current material will be described as it is, while acknowledging the uncertainties. To resolve this issue definitively, we propose awaiting additional specimens from Singapore, the terra typica. Broader sampling will help clarify the taxonomic placement and relationships, providing a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of this taxon in future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BD7857DDC875F8192FA4D94DF37DE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
ED6F28794E0C578D8627DB938822013B.text	ED6F28794E0C578D8627DB938822013B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharta roseomaculata Dhiya'ulhaq & Benjamin 2025	<div><p>Pharta roseomaculata Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 21, 22</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♀; Batang Hari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.36161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1525834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.36161/lat -2.1525834)">Hutan Harapan Conservation Area</a>; 02°09'09.3"S, 103°21'41.8"E; elev. 65 m; 19 Jul. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rainforest; GOET 2013_HF 1.1_AraThom 044 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Females of Pharta roseomaculata Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov., are similar to Pharta sudmannorum Benjamin, 2014 in having a roughly 8 - shaped spermatheca and very dark, funnel-shaped CO, but can be distinguished by outward facing CO (Figs 21 D – F, 22 vs inward facing, Benjamin 2014: figs 1 E, F, 2 E, C) and the anterior part of the spermatheca is slightly larger than the posterior part (vs posterior part larger than anterior).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female (holotype 2013_HF 1.1_AraThom 044 N_001, Figs 21, 22). Total length 5.81. Carapace length 2.50; width 2.35. Abdomen length 3.31; width 2.63. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.05; ALE 0.12; PLE 0.12; PME 0.07. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.10; AME – ALE 0.13; ALE – ALE 0.44; PME – PME 0.21; PME – PLE 0.17; ALE – PLE 0.17; AME – PME 0.26; PLE – PLE 0.64. Leg measurements: leg I 12.09 (3.67, 1.01, 3.74, 2.52, 1.15); leg II -; leg III 6.05 (1.94, 0.67, 1.67, 1.18, 0.59); leg IV 6.97 (2.28, 0.67, 2.16, 1.17, 0.69). Carapace pear-shaped, pale-pink coloured; eye region yellow; AER recurved; PER recurved. Legs uniformly pale pink. Abdomen oval, dorsally with seven pairs of small pink spots.</p><p>Epigynum (Figs 21 D – F, 22): CO semi-oval. CD funnel-shaped, anteriorly attached to a sclerotised ‘ handle’, ending in a half-loop, very dark in comparison to spermatheca. Spermatheca 8 - shaped; anterior part slightly larger than posterior part.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is taken from Latin and refers to the pink spots on the abdomen.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED6F28794E0C578D8627DB938822013B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
4CCC8EE210795E35B1DF0B084B45CF9C.text	4CCC8EE210795E35B1DF0B084B45CF9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rangkayo Dhiya'ulhaq & Benjamin 2025	<div><p>Rangkayo Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Rangkayo hitam Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Among the Oriental thomisids of the Epidius clade (sensu Benjamin 2011), Rangkayo Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, gen. nov., is similar to Epidius Thorell, 1877 and Ibana Benjamin, 2014 in possessing a row of strong macrosetae ventrally on the distal edge of male palpal tibia and the lack of MA, but can be distinguished from both genera by the shape of cymbium with a prominent apical protrusion and presence of tegular bump. Additionally, it is distinguished from Epidius by the long, whiplike embolus and tibia shorter than cymbium and from Ibana by the larger conductor with a wide base. The tibia of the two described species lack TA, a feature also absent in some species of the other two genera ( Ibana gan Liu &amp; S. Q. Li, 2022; Epidius mahavira Benjamin, 2017 b; Epidius longimanus Benjamin, 2017 b). Females are unique in having a large, butterfly shaped atrium; very long, convoluted CD arranged in loops, turns, and folds; small, inconspicuous spermatheca. The latter two characters appear instead superficially similar to the dietine genus Lycopus Thorell, 1895 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Total body length 3–4 mm. Carapace pear-shaped, slightly longer than wide. PLE&gt; ALE&gt; PME&gt; AME. AER recurved, PER slightly recurved. Legs long and slender; front legs much longer than back legs; leg formula 2143; tarsi and tibiae I and II with several pairs of ventral spines. Abdomen oval. Male palp: cymbium elongated, with an apical extension; embolus very long, whip-like, arising from an extension of the tegulum; conductor present; tegular bump present, situated next to the conductor; tibia ventrally with a row of macrosetae. Epigynum: Atrium large, butterfly-shaped; copulatory ducts very long and convoluted, consisting of loops, turns, and fold; spermatheca small and inconspicuous. Colouration: whole body yellow; eye region slightly darker; abdomen with several pairs of red and white spots dorsally. Hardly any somatic difference between sexes.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The generic name, as well as the type species, is taken from Rangkayo Hitam or Orang Kayo Hitam, a legendary king of Jambi central to the foundation myth of Jambi City. Gender masculine.</p><p>Species composition.</p><p>Rangkayo hitam Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov., Rangkayo perkaso Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4CCC8EE210795E35B1DF0B084B45CF9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
ED513DFBC6E25FCFAC32CD183EE69BCA.text	ED513DFBC6E25FCFAC32CD183EE69BCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rangkayo hitam Dhiya'ulhaq & Benjamin 2025	<div><p>Rangkayo hitam Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 23, 24, 25</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Batang Hari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.36778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1646945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.36778/lat -2.1646945)">Hutan Harapan Conservation Area</a>; 02°09'52.9"S, 103°22'04.0"E; elev. 51 m; 2 Aug. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rainforest; GOET 2013_HFr 1.2_AraThom 091 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) . Paratype. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♀; Batang Hari, Bajubang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.27706&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7855277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.27706/lat -1.7855277)">Singkawang</a>; 01°47'07.9"S, 103°16'37.4"E; elev. 56 m; 18 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_HJ 4.1_AraThom 091 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) . • 1 ♀; Batang Hari, Bajubang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.293915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8259166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.293915/lat -1.8259166)">Pompa Air</a>; 01°49'33.3"S, 103°17'38.1"E; elev. 51 m; 14 May 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_HJ 2.1_AraThom 091 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Rangkayo hitam Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov. can be distinguished from the only other species Rangkayo perkaso Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov. by the straighter cymbium (Fig. 23 G vs bent, Fig. 26 G), lack of dorsal cymbial setae with widened base (vs present), smaller, round tegulum, not covering most of the embolic base (Figs 23 D, 25 A vs larger, oval-shaped, covering most of the embolic base, Figs 26 D, 28 A), longer and straighter conductor (vs shorter and curved), and small tegular bump (vs large). Females can be distinguished by the more spaced CO (Figs 24 C, E, 25 C), anterior region of atrium as wide as posterior region (vs anterior region narrower than posterior; Figs 27 C, E, 28 C), CD with a narrower second loop, which does not encircle the first loop (Figs 24 D, 25 B vs fully encircling the first loop, Figs 27 B, 28 B), posterior part of CD forming a longitudinal bow (vs transverse bow). Additionally, the abdominal red spots appear much larger and with a deeper colour than in R. perkaso (Figs 23 A, 24 A, 26 A, 27 A), although this may reflect the condition of the specimens rather than a diagnostic trait.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype 2013 _ HFr 1.2_AraThom 091 N_001; Figs 23, 25 A). Total length 3.42. Carapace length 1.61; width 1.41. Abdomen length 1.81; width 1.39. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.04; ALE 0.10; PLE 0.12; PME 0.08. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.07; AME – ALE 0.05; ALE – ALE 0.26; PME – PME 0.12; PME – PLE 0.10; ALE – PLE 0.12; AME – PME 0.22; PLE – PLE 0.51. Leg measurements: leg I 10.25 (2.78, 0.54, 3.19, 2.68, 1.06); leg II 10.62 (2.82, 0.48, 3.40, 2.82, 1.10); leg III 4.57 (1.40, 0.39, 1.33, 0.96, 0.49); leg IV 4.97 (1.51, 0.40, 1.45, 1.07, 0.54). Carapace pear-shaped, yellowish orange; eye region slightly darkened; AER recurved; PER slightly recurved. Legs uniformly yellow. Abdomen oval, yellow; dorsally with four pairs of large, red spots, interspersed by smaller white ones; laterally with a few small red spots in the posterior half. Palp (Figs 23 D – G, 25 A): Cymbium 1.5 × length of tibia, straight, oval-shaped with a narrowed anterior extension. Tegulum round, not covering the long embolic base. Tegular bump small, prolaterally positioned. Conductor long and rather straight, tapering into a rounded tip. Embolus long, whip-like, curving around the prolateral side of the bulb, before distally curving to the other direction. Tibia ventrally with seven strong macrosetae.</p><p>Female (paratype 2013_HJ 4.1_AraThom 091 N_001; Figs 24, 25 B, C). Total length 3.76. Carapace length 1.60; width 1.48. Abdomen length 2.16; width 1.53. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.05; ALE 0.11; PLE 0.13; PME 0.09. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.09; AME – ALE 0.06; ALE – ALE 0.28; PME – PME 0.13; PME – PLE 0.13; ALE – PLE 0.13; AME – PME 0.21; PLE – PLE 0.55. Leg measurements: leg I 9.76 (2.66, 0.55, 3.14, 2.43, 0.98); leg II 10.08 (2.83, 0.56, 3.27, 2.52, 0.90); leg III -; leg IV -. Female habitus as in male, except the carapace is paler in colour. Epigynum (Figs 24 C – E, 25 B, C): Atrium large, butterfly-shaped; anterior region as wide as posterior region. CO semicircular. CD very long and convoluted, anteriorly with two major loops; first loop after the CO appearing only as a half-circle, not encircled by the second loop. Next to the second loop is a straight tube running to the posterior. Posterior part of CD initiated by a longitudinal bow, followed by a series of folds and turns, ending in a rather inconspicuous, oval spermatheca.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>See under etymology of genus. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED513DFBC6E25FCFAC32CD183EE69BCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
F9E8385429F458319F609BB31A2CCB12.text	F9E8385429F458319F609BB31A2CCB12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rangkayo perkaso Dhiya'ulhaq & Benjamin 2025	<div><p>Rangkayo perkaso Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 26, 27, 28</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♂; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.80097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0629444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.80097/lat -2.0629444)">Lubuk Kepayang</a>; 02°03'46.6"S, 102°48'03.5"E; elev. 74 m; 26 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BJ 3.2_AraThom 056 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) . Paratypes. Indonesia – Jambi Province • 1 ♀; Sarolangun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.58072&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.9418889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.58072/lat -1.9418889)">Bukit Duabelas National Park</a>; 01°56'30.8"S, 102°34'50.6"E; elev. 91 m; 4 Oct. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rainforest; GOET 2013_BF 4.2_AraThom 056 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) . • 1 ♂; Sarolangun, Air Hitam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.77078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.77078/lat -2.0304167)">Desa Baru</a>; 02°01'49.5"S, 102°46'14.8"E; elev. 57 m; 12 Jul. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_BJ 6.1_AraThom 056 N_001 (to be transferred to MZB) . • 1 ♂; Batang Hari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.36161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1525834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.36161/lat -2.1525834)">Hutan Harapan Conservation Area</a>; 02°09'09.3"S, 103°21'41.8"E; elev. 65 m; 19 Jul. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in rainforest; ZMH ZMH -A 0031858 (GOET 2013_HF 1.1_AraThom 056 N_001) . • 1 ♂; Batang Hari, Bajubang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.30014&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8496388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.30014/lat -1.8496388)">Sungkai</a>; 01°50'58.7"S, 103°18'00.5"E; elev. 56 m; 5 Jun. 2013; J. Drescher leg.; canopy fogging in jungle rubber plantation; GOET 2013_HJ 3.2_AraThom 056 N_001 (to be transferred to SMF) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males of Rangkayo perkaso Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov., can be easily distinguished from the only other species Rangkayo hitam Dhiya’ulhaq &amp; Benjamin, sp. nov., by the conspicuously bent cymbium (Fig. 26 G) (vs straight; Fig. 23 G), the presence of dorsal cymbial setae with widened base (vs absent), larger, oval shaped tegulum, covering most of embolic base (Figs 26 D, 28 A vs smaller, round, not covering most of embolic base, Figs 23 D, 25 A), a shorter, curved conductor (vs longer and straight), and large tegular bump (vs small). Females can be distinguished by the CO positioned closer together (Figs 27 C, E, 28 C), the anterior region of the atrium narrower than the posterior region (vs both regions similarly wide; Figs 24 C, E, 25 C). CD with a wider second loop, fully encircling the first loop (Figs 27 D, 28 B vs first loop being mostly outside the second loop, Figs 24 D, 25 B), and the posterior part of CD forming a transverse bow (vs a longitudinal bow).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype 2013_BJ 3.2_AraThom 056 N_001; Figs 26, 28 A). Total length 3.29. Carapace length 1.52; width 1.47. Abdomen length 1.77; width 1.25. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.04; ALE 0.10; PLE 0.12; PME 0.08. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.07; AME – ALE 0.05; ALE – ALE 0.24; PME – PME 0.13; PME – PLE 0.11; ALE – PLE 0.13; AME – PME 0.22; PLE – PLE 0.51. Leg measurements: leg I 9.99 (2.68, 0.52, 3.13, 2.65, 1.01); leg II 10.38 (2.85, 0.56, 3.23, 2.71, 1.03); leg III 4.46 (1.39, 0.34, 1.34, 0.92, 0.47); leg IV 4.93 (1.54, 0.34, 1.47, 1.05, 0.53). Carapace pear-shaped, yellow; eye region slightly darker; AER recurved; PER slightly recurved. Legs uniformly pale yellow. Abdomen oval; dorsally yellow with two full pairs of red spots and two smaller ones only on the left side; paired white spots very faint; laterally pale. Palp (Figs 26 D – F, 28 A): cymbium more than 2 × longer than tibia, retrolaterally bent, elongated with a narrowed anterior extension; dorsally with a prominent hump in the centre, as well as two fields of setae with widened base. Tegulum large, oval-shaped, covering the embolic base. Tegular bump large, apically positioned. Conductor with a wide base, abruptly narrowed and strongly curved. Embolus long, whip-like, curving around the prolateral side of the bulb, before distally curving to the other direction. Tibia ventrally with seven strong macrosetae.</p><p>Female (paratype 2013_BF 4.2_AraThom 056 N_001; Figs 27, 28 B, C).</p><p>Total length 3.83. Carapace length 1.47; width 1.45. Abdomen length 2.36; width 1.73. Diameter of eyes: AME 0.05; ALE 0.11; PLE 0.13; PME 0.08. Interdistances between eyes: AME – AME 0.08; AME – ALE 0.05; ALE – ALE 0.26; PME – PME 0.13; PME – PLE 0.12; ALE – PLE 0.12; AME – PME 0.22; PLE – PLE 0.53. Leg measurements: leg I 7.81 (2.26, 0.39, 2.38, 1.85, 0.93); leg II -; leg III 4.09 (1.21, 0.35, 1.20, 0.84, 0.49); leg IV 4.62 (1.48, 0.34, 1.37, 0.92, 0.51). Female habitus as in male, except for the following: abdomen with four full pairs of red spots, interspersed with prominent white spots; laterally bordered by a thick white band. Epigynum (Figs 27 C – E, 28 B, C): atrium large, butterfly-shaped; anterior region narrower than the posterior region. CO semicircular. CD very long and convoluted, anteriorly with two major loops; the first loop after the CO almost forms a full loop, completely encircled by the second loop. Next to the second loop is a straight tube running to the posterior. Posterior part of CD initiated by a slightly meandering tube, followed by a transverse bow, then a few folds and turns before ending in a rather inconspicuous, oval shaped spermatheca.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is taken from a Jambi Malay word meaning powerful, which is included in the first line of the traditional song from Jambi ‘ Orang Kayo Hitam’: Rang Kayo Hitam, gagah perkaso (translated: Rang Kayo Hitam, mighty and powerful). Also referring to the rather strong bend of the male palp.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia (Sumatra: Jambi Province) Fig. 29.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9E8385429F458319F609BB31A2CCB12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi;Benjamin, Suresh P.;Buchori, Damayanti;Hidayat, Purnama;Scheu, Stefan;Drescher, Jochen	Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi, Benjamin, Suresh P., Buchori, Damayanti, Hidayat, Purnama, Scheu, Stefan, Drescher, Jochen (2025): Expanding the taxonomy of crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) in Sumatra: a new genus, five new species, and regional records. ZooKeys 1241: 205-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.148348
