taxonID	type	description	language	source
1317878EFFAAFFEED980FA1BFA0BE67C.taxon	description	The generic definition described below is based on 43 species recognized here from Asia, but exclusive of the New World species. Therefore, this definition does not apply to the whole of the New World species. Generic definition. Body slender, wings fully developed, but often reduced, rarely absent. Head longer than wide, surface usually smooth, with no transverse fine striae; cheeks without stout setae; a pair of postocular setae situated near cheeks. Eyes and ocelli normal, but smaller in micropterae and apterae. Antennae eight-segmented; segment VIII variable in form and length, conical to weakly pedicellate, often widely and closely joined to segment VII; segment III with one (0 + 1), two (1 + 1) or three (1 + 2) sense cones, segment IV with four (2 + 2 + 1) or fewer major sense cones; campaniform sensillum on segment II situated near apex, at least before middle. Mouth-cone short and rounded; maxillary stylets long, retracted far into head capsule, at least reaching postocular setae, narrower than half of head width, often close together; maxillary bridge present. Prothoracic notopleural sutures usually complete, rarely incomplete; am setae reduced or vestigial, other four pairs of major setae developed. Basantra well developed, relatively far apart from ferna; prospinasternum usually large, rarely small; mesopresternum usually eroded at anterior margin, narrowly boat-shaped or divided into two or three small plates. Fore tarsus with a distinct tooth arising at apex of inner margin, directed forwards. Metathoracic sternopleural sutures absent; both furcal arms usually fused medially at least in macropterae, with or without short spinula. Forewing, if developed, weakly constricted medially, with or without duplicated cilia. Pelta usually trapezoidal. Abdominal tergites II (or III) to VII usually each with two pairs of wing-retaining setae at least in macropterae, but rarely with only one pair. Tergite IX posteromarginal setae S 1 variable in length, pointed or expanded. Tube tapering, straight-sided, 0.4 – 0.7 times as long as head. Terminal setae variable in length, but usually much longer than tube. Male: usually not show extreme allometric growth; pore plate on sternite VIII absent; tergite IX S 2 setae short. Sense cone formula of Karnyothrips from Asia We agree with Mound and Minaei (2007) that the plesiomorphic condition of the sense cone formula on antennal segments III and IV is three (1 + 2) on III and four (2 + 2) on IV. This plesiomorphic condition is retained in a few members of the Haplothripini, Androthrips, Dolichothrips, Mesothrips, Neoheegeria, and Mesandrothrips (Mound & Minaei 2007; Mound & Tree 2019). Of these, Androthrips and Mesandrothrips may be more closely related to Karnyothrips than the remaining three genera. Previously, Karnyothrips has been discriminated from these related genera together with the largest genus Haplothrips in having different sense cone formula of the antennal segments IV, or of both segments III and IV. Androthrips and Mesandrothrips have plesiomorphic three and four sense cones on segments III and IV respectively, whereas Karnyothrips has two or fewer sense cones on segment III and three or fewer sense cones on segment IV, but K. flavipes and K. merrilli are exceptional with four sense cones on IV (Mound & Marullo 1996). Haplothrips usually has two or fewer sense cones on the segment III and four on the segment IV, but rarely fewer. However, Okajima (2006) described nine Karnyothrips species from Japan, of which three species, K. acer, K. pacificus and K. robustus, have three and four sense cones on the segments III and IV respectively. Moreover, in this study, five additional species, K. capitatus sp. n., K. inpallens sp. n., K. pitkini sp. n. K. tenax sp. n. and K. vietnamensis sp. n., are described, which also have three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones on these antennal segments. Table 1 shows the sense cone formula of every species of Karnyothrips recognized here from Asia, and species are arranged in order of the sense cone number from fewest to most. From this table, the following four facts are possibly revealed: 1) the interspecific variation in the number of sense cones is clearly continuous and exhibiting a morpho-cline; 2) there is no significant gap in the number of sense cones; 3) there are few, but important, intraspecific variations in the number of sense cones, e. g. K. quadriconus and K. variabilis have two or three sense cones on segment III, and K. flavipes has three or four on segment IV. 4) 21 species have four sense cones on segment IV, of which 13 species have two on segment III but 10 species have three sense cones. In particular, K. vietnamensis sp. n., which is morphologically very similar and possibly closely related to K. flavipes, has three and four sense cones on the segments III and IV. Moreover, Cavalleri et al. (2016) reported intraspecific variation in the sense cone number on these antennal segments in the genus Mirothrips, known only from South America and considered closely related to Karnyothrips. These species usually have two or three sense cones on segment III and three or four on IV. In particular, M. analis has two to four sense cones on segment IV. Judging from these facts, the difference in sense cone formula seems not to satisfactorily distinguish these Karnyothrips species at genus level. However, it is still useful as a character to classify at species level in the Haplothripini if the intraspecific variation is understood. Observation of sense cones requires great care. Sometimes we needed to use a × 100 oil-immersion objective lens. For this study, the authors examined more than 1,500 specimens, on all of which sense cones on both left and right antennal segments III and IV were observed. This was not so easy, as sometimes some sense cones were small and difficult to observe, and could not be observed well in a few dozen specimens. Systematic position of Karnyothrip s In conclusion, we speculate that the closest relatives of Karnyothrips are limited to a part of each of Mesandrothrips and Xylaplothrips. Some species closely related to both M. inquilinus and X. fuliginosus (these species-groups are referred to in this paper as Mesandrothrips (in part) and Xylaplothrips (in part) respectively) are very closely related to Karnyothrips, but the remaining species now classified into these two genera are not included. In addition, a monobasic genus Glenothrips Priesner, which was erected for Cryptothrips biuncinatus Karny from Java, may also be very closely related to these genera (Priesner 1921). It can be distinguished from Mesandrothrips (in part) only by having a fore tibial inner sub-apical tooth, and these two genera may represent a single genus (Dang et al. 2014). These thrips share some important structures in considering systematic relationships, such as the following: fore tarsus with a tooth, that arises on inner apex of tarsus and is directed forwards (this structure may be homologous with ‘ inner hamus’, see Mound & Minaei 2007, p. 2929); maxillary stylets long and relatively close together, at least reaching postocular setae, separated by less than half of head width, with rather distinct maxillary bridge; prothorax with four pairs of major setae developed, anteromarginal setae reduced, short and acute; mesopresternum reduced medially, if transverse then relatively narrow at middle, not complete. Moreover, these four genera cannot be distinguished satisfactorily by any single character, and they can barely be distinguished by a combination of several character states. For example, the differences in the distance between prosternal basantra and ferna and in the length of the terminal tube setae are sometimes useful to discriminate Karnyothrips from both Mesandrothrips (in part) and Xylaplothrips (in part), but there are several species that have intermediate character states in both structures. The basantra and ferna of Karnyothrips are usually more widely separated from each other, but the differences are not clear in some Karnyothrips species, such as K. acutus, K. semiflavus and K. yoshi (cf. Figs 43, 190 & 241). Similarly, the terminal tube setae are usually considerably longer than the tube in Karnyothrips, but are almost as long as the tube in K. yoshi, or only slightly longer in K. mucidus. Besides, the genus Androthrips Karny may also be closely related to these thrips, despite the substantial difference in appearance. It has most structures, other than the armature on the fore femur and tibia, mostly shared with Karnyothrips and Mesandrothrips (in part). In particular, one Karnyothrips species, K. tenax sp. n. from Southeast Asia, has somewhat similar armature on the fore leg, that is, the femoral sub-basal indistinct inner hump (not distinct tubercle) (Fig. 217) and the tibial sub-apical inner tubercle or scale (Fig. 218). In consequence, it seems to be somewhat intermediate between these two genera. However, it has the prosternal basantra and ferna widely separated (Fig. 215), a condition commonly found in Karnyothrips but quite dissimilar to Androthrips, and the terminal tube setae more than twice as long as the tube. In addition, an undescribed grass-living Androthrips species from East Asia between Thailand and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, shows considerable intraspecific variation in body size, and small individuals have the fore femur and tibia scarcely armed with indistinct tubercle or scale; they cannot be distinguished satisfactorily from Karnyothrips species. Furthermore, although Xylaplothrips (in part) species are usually found on dead branches, their feeding habits are currently unknown. Species of Androthrip s, Mesandrothrips (in part), and Glenothrips uncinatus, are undoubtedly predatory and usually found in leaf galls or on green leaves together with certain phytophagous phlaeothripine species. Similarly, most Karnyothrips species are considered to be predatory (see introduction). Therefore, there is a possibility that these five genera, Androthrips, Glenothrips, Karnyothrips, Mesandrothrips (in part) and Xylaplothrips (in part), could be treated as a single genus. Nevertheless, at present, both Mesandrothrips and Xylaplothrips are undoubtedly polyphyletic assemblages. Mesandrothrips contains about 20 species (Mound & Tree 2019), but the majority of these species may not be congeneric with M. inquilinus, the type-species of the genus. M. pictipes from India and M. dubius from Japan, have the maxillary stylets rather wider apart from each other, almost V-shaped. This wider maxillary bridge situated low in head and lying around the basal collar of the head (= postoccipital ridge), the well developed prothoracic anteromarginal setae, the mesopresternum not reduced medially and the fore tarsal tooth situated on inner margin, suggests these species may not be so closely related to Karnyothrips. These species could possibly be transferred from Mesandrothrips to some different genus (or genera). Under such a condition, M. inquilinus and its close relatives could not be transferred immediately to Karnyothrips, because inquilinus is the type-species of the genus Mesandrothrips. The situation is exactly the same for Xylaplothrips that currently contains 11 species. About five of these species, including X. fuliginosus, the type-species of the genus, are closely related to Karnyothrips, but the rest of the species may not be closely related. Currently, Mesandrothrips and Xylaplothrips are distinguished by the different sense cone number on antennal segments III and IV (Mound & Tree 2019), but some Karnyothrips species apparently bridge this morphological gap between these two genera. In any case, in order to avoid further confusion, no nomenclatural changes should be made until the generic positions have been determined of species that are not closely related to Karnyothrips, such as M. pictipes and M. dubius. Incidentally, Androthrips is the oldest generic name among these related five genera. Cavalleri et al. (2013 & 2016) indicate that the genus Mirothrips Cavalleri et al. is closely related to Karnyothrips. Currently, it involves four predaceous species described from South America, of which M. albiter Cavalleri et al. and M. vespicola (De Santis), prey on the eggs of social wasps. According to the original description (Cavalleri et al. 2013), the genus may be distinguished from Karnyothrips and its relatives in having the following character states: antennal segment VIII long and slender; maxillary stylets not deeply retracted into the head and more than half of head width apart; one or two pairs of long setae anterolateral to the ferna; mesopresternum not reduced medially; metanotum with two pairs of setae; fore tarsal tooth small or absent; male abdominal sternite VIII with pore plate. The long prosternal setae in Mirothrips are especially peculiar amongst Phlaeothripidae, and a male sternal pore plate is absent in Asian Karnyothrips and its relatives. However, somewhat intermediate structures are often found, as follows: a few Asian Karnyothrips species have antennal segment VIII long and slightly constricted at base (cf. Figs 126 & 219); several Androthrips and Mesandrothrips (in part) species have the maxillary stylets relatively shorter and wider apart; some Androthrips species have the metanotum with an anterior pair (or two anterior pairs, or more) of setae in addition to the median setal pair; a few Androthrips species have the mesopresternum not distinctly reduced medially. Considering these, it can be inferred that Mirothrips is possibly a distinct genus that has a close relationship with Karnyothrips and its close relatives, but evolved independently in South America. However, some species of Karnyothrips in South America are known to have male sternal pore plate, therefore the relationship between them and Mirothrips needs to be examined. Several Asian Karnyothrips species, such as K. antennalis Okajima, K. cyathomorphus Wang et al., K. inflatus Okajima, K. oppositus sp. n. and K. triconus sp. n., have antennal segment III with a curious sub-basal ring-like swelling (cf. Figs 169 & 226). However, a similar structure is often found in other widely scattered genera not only in the Phlaeothripinae but also in the Idolothripinae (Mound & Minaei 2007). Especially noteworthy is the genus Priesneria Bagnall described from Australia (Bagnall 1926). It is classified into the Haplothripini and currently includes six species, P. akestra Mound & Wells, P. kellyana Bagnall, P. longistylosa Pitkin and P. peronis Mound & Minaei from Australia, P. doliicornis (Bianchi) from Hawaii and P. insolitus (Ananthakrishnan) from India, but not all these species may be congeneric with the type-species, kellyana. According to the original descriptions, at least three species, doliicornis, kellyana and peronis, are very similar to Karnyothrips species in general appearance. These species are especially similar to K. cyathomorphus from China and K. inflatus from Japan in having antennal segment VII elongate and closely joined to segment VIII (cf. Fig. 168) in addition to the sub-basal swelling of the segment III. Because of this, these species may appear to be distinguishable from Karnyothrips, but these antennal structures could well be included in the range of interspecific variation within the genus Karnyothrips as discussed below. Moreover, they cannot be distinguished satisfactorily from Karnyothrips by most characteristics other than the antennal structures. Therefore, the generic position of two Australian species, kellyana and peronis, needs to be considered in detail, especially to make a comparison with the generic definition of Karnyothrips given above. The remaining species, doliicornis, has already been re-transferred from Priesneria to Karnyothrips by Okajima (2006, p. 389 – 390), but this nomenclatural change has usually been overlooked. Furthermore, according to the original description of doliicornis, it is very similar to infratus, and it is even possible that they are of the same species. The genus Talitha Faure, described based on three apterous species from South Africa (Faure 1958), also has similar antennal structure, and may also be related to Karnyothrips. However, Talitha may can be distinguished by having the campaniform sensillum on antennal segment II situated near the base or middle of the segment like that of genera classified into the Plectrothripini, metathorax with well developed sternopleural sutures, and only two pairs of prothoracic setae, posteroangulars and epimerals, are developed. Moreover, two of the three species, T. fusca (type of the genus) and T. glandifera, have a well developed pore plate on abdominal sternite VIII of males.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFAAFFEED980FA1BFA0BE67C.taxon	description	When we see Karnyothrips species alive in the open field, they can be almost correctly distinguished from some genera that are very similar in appearance, such as Haplothrips. This is probably due to differences in their body shape and behavior or movements. In Karnyothrips species the body shape is elongate and more slender (Figs 11 – 40) in comparison with Haplothrips species (Figs 6 – 10). Occasionally, Karnyothrips species may have considerably distended abdomen when alive (Fig. 2). Moreover, the head is relatively small and the legs tend to be shorter in Karnyothrips. The slower movements of Karnyothrips than those of Haplothrips are mainly due to their relatively shorter legs compared to their elongate bodies. However, taxonomists usually observe immovable specimens mounted on glass slides, and usually compare certain parts of structures rather than the whole body. Structural variations among Asian Karnyothrips species Each of the following structures can be important for the discrimination of species. 1) Coloration: About half the species from Asia are bicolored brown and yellow, and the color patterns vary between the species. The most common color pattern is found in K. brevipilosus, K. melaleucus and K. triconus, the abdomen is largely yellow, sometimes with a brown median marking on each tergite, in contrast to the head, thorax and posterior end of abdomen including tube that are brown to dark brown (cf. Figs 3, 15, 26, 27 & 37). K. flavescens, K. insignis, K. macrommatus, K. maculatus and K. submaculatus have similar color pattern, but the metathorax is largely yellowish and anterior end of abdomen shaded with brown (cf. Figs 17, 24, 25 and 36). K. inpallens also has similar color pattern, but prothorax is yellowish (Fig. 21). Moreover, K. semiflavus has the head and thorax largely yellow but the abdomen largely dark brown (Fig. 33), and K. pallucidus has the body entirely yellow (Fig. 158). The color of antennal segments is often useful for discriminating species. Two sympatric species, K. flavipes and K. flavicornis, are very similar but easily distinguished by the color of antennal segment III (see key couplet 26). 2) Antennal segments: The interspecific variation in the form of antennal segment VIII is especially important. It varies between species, but the variation shows continuous change without any gaps. In several species, e. g. K. macrommatus and K. submaculatus, segment VIII is slender and distinctly constricted at base and narrowly fused to segment VII (cf. Figs 126 & 210). In contrast, K. inflatus and K. oppositus have segment VIII conical and widely fused to VII, forming a single segment outline (Fig. 168). Moreover, these two species as well as K. cyathomorphus have segment VII somewhat elongate (cf. Fig. 168), though several species do not have it elongate (cf. Figs 84 & 126). However, these are both extreme ends of the morpho-cline, and there are many intermediate conditions showing continuous changes. Several species, such as K. antennalis, K. inflatus, K. oppositus and K. triconus, have antennal segment III with a sub-basal ring-like swelling (cf. Figs 169 & 226). However, K. acutus and K. formosanus have a somewhat intermediate small sub-basal swelling (Figs 46 & 97). Moreover, among acutus specimens those swellings show slight variation: that of the non-paratypic females from Taiwan are more distinct (Fig. 47) than that of the type series from Thailand (Fig. 46). Interestingly, a similar structure is found in certain species belonging to unrelated phlaeothripine genera. K. insignis is unusual with segment III very small, shorter than 0.7 times as long as segment IV (see Fig. 133 E in Okajima 2006: 395). 3) Sense cone formula: This can be very important for identifying species, and is one of the very useful key characters. However, in some cases a sense cone is very small, not always completely recognizable or even invisible. Moreover, in rare cases there is variation among specimens of a species (Table 1). For example, K. micrommatus usually has only one outer sense cone on antennal segment III, but often has an additional very small inner sense cone. Variation in sense cone formula is also found in K. flavipes on antennal segment IV, (1 + 2 + 1) or (2 + 2 + 1). Finally, K. quadriconus and K. variabilis usually have two sense cones on antennal segment III, but infrequently have three sense cones. As discussed above, this fact is quite important when considering the definition of the genus Karnyothrips. 4) Maxillary stylets: The type-species of the genus, K. flavipes, has the maxillary stylets rather widely separated from each other at the middle (Figs 86), although several species, such as K. lalae, K. melaleucus and K. submaculatus, have these stylets narrowly separated (cf. Figs 110, 134 & 206). However, there are some species with the stylet separation intermediate, and this variation shows continuous change without distinct gaps. Moreover, males tend to have stylets wider apart than females (cf. Figs 194 & 195). Even in the type-species, flavipes, females have the stylets about one-fourth of head width apart (Fig. 86), whereas males have them about one-third of head width apart (Fig. 87). Moreover, males of K. melaleucus show intraspecific variation in the separation of the stylets (Figs 135 – 137). 5) Notopleural sutures: Although most species have the pronotal notopleural sutures complete, a few species, such as K. brevipilosus, K. melaleucus and K. oppositus, have those sutures incomplete. However, a few species are somewhat intermediate. K. acutus, for example, has this suture almost complete, but often incomplete. 6) Prosternum: The prosternal basantra are somewhat well developed, usually wider than long (cf. Figs 112 & 184), often almost as long as wide (cf. Figs 178 & 223), rarely a little longer than wide (cf. Figs 70 & 118). Moreover, they tend to be widely separated from the ferna (cf. Fig. 202), and this may be somewhat important for defining the genus. The prospinasternum is variable in form and size depending on the species, being very small in K. longicaudus and K. tenax (Figs 118 & 215), but very large in K. simpliceps (Fig. 202). 7) Mesopresternum: The mesopresternum is also variable, but morphologically stable within species. Several species, such as K. micrommatus, have the mesopresternum rather reduced to small lateral triangles (cf. Fig. 148), though several species, such as K. flavipes and K. melaleucus, have this sclerite not strongly reduced medially, transverse, but not broad at middle (cf. Fig. 88). This structure also shows continuous change. 8) Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae: The form and the relative length of the posteromarginal setae on abdominal tergite IX is usually useful for determining species. They are usually pointed or expanded, and shorter or longer than the tube. 9) Tube: The comparative length of tube is sometimes useful for determining species, and shows continuous change. K. brevipilosus and K. oppositus have a relatively short tube, about 0.45 times as long as the head, whereas K. inflatus has the tube about 0.7 times as long as the head. 10) Terminal tube setae: The relative length of the terminal setae is usually long in this genus. K. yoshi has exceptionally short ones, almost as long as tube, whereas K. longicaudus has very long ones, more than 2.6 times as long as tube. Most of the remaining species have these setae intermediate, ranging from 1.3 – 2.5 times as long as tube, and the interspecific variation indicates continuous change.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBEFFEED980FC57FA0FE3BB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark brown species; femora brown with extreme apices yellowish, tibiae yellow, shaded with brown medially; antenna brown, segments III and IV with basal one-third yellowish, segment V with extreme base yellowish. Postocular setae situated relatively far from eyes. Antennal segment VIII slender, constricted basally; segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets wider apart, 2 / 5 – 1 / 2 of head width apart. Notopleural sutures incomplete; mesopresternum divided or narrowly boat shaped; prospinasternum small. Tergite IX S 1 setae pointed, almost as long as S 2, longer than tube. Tube a little longer than 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae 1.3 – 1.4 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype females and paratype females and males (see Okajima 2006, p. 381 – 383); 2 females (mac.), Shikoku, Kochi-ken, Tosashimizu-shi, Ashizuri-misaki, on dead branches, 24. v. 1996, SO; 1 female (mac.), Hokkaido, Sapporo-shi, Atsubetsu-ku, Nopporo-Shinrin-Kouen, on dead branches, 24. vi. 2006, TN.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBEFFECD980F92CFBA3E31E.taxon	description	(Figs 11, 41 – 47) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.5 – 2.0 mm. Brown species (Fig. 11). Abdomen often somewhat paler than head and thorax, but gradually darkened posteriorly. Femora brown with apices yellowish; tibiae yellowish, very weakly shaded with pale brown; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and VII – VIII brown, almost concolorous with head or a little paler, segment II pale brown, yellowish externally, segment III yellow, segments IV – VI pale grayish brown, gradually darkened distally, each segment with base yellowish, segment VI a little paler than segment VII. Wings and major body setae pale. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 41), 1.41 times in holotype, widest across cheeks at the level of postocular setae, dorsal surface almost smooth, often very weakly sculptured with transverse striae or wrinkles at middle between postocular setae. Cheeks rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 120 µm apart from each other, 13 – 14 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-third as long as head, 0.32 – 0.33 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair 34 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head, 1.56 times in holotype; segment VIII not constricted basally (Fig. 45), widely fused to segment VII, about two-thirds as long as VII; segment III with sub-basal swelling (Fig. 46), almost as long as segment IV or a little shorter; segments III and VII subequal in length; segments III and IV each with two sense cones, (1 + 1) and (1 + 1 + 1) respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, 0.2 – 0.3 times as wide as head, 34 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge wide and rather distinct. Pronotum 0.6 – 0.7 times as long as head, 1.48 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, shorter than pa, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures usually complete, often incomplete, right one incomplete in holotype. Prospinasternum moderately large, fan-shaped, 35 µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped, not divided (Fig. 43). Metanotum almost smooth medially; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm in length, 41 µm apart from each other, 47 – 48 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 2 a little shorter than S 1, S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 44), sculptured weakly, 1.16 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae sharply pointed, S 1 longer than tube, 1.1 – 1.2 times as long as tube, S 2 much longer than S 1. Tube about 0.45 – 0.51 times as long as head, 1.7 – 1.9 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1870 (distended). Head length 205, from anterior margin of eyes 187, width across eyes 142, maximum width across cheeks 145; eyes length 66 – 67; diameter of posterior ocelli 11 – 12; postocular setae 40 – 42. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 320, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 43 (26), 43 (27), 40 (25), 37 (22), 42 (19), 28 (15). Pronotum length 125, width 185. Setae on prothorax: aa 23 – 27, ml? 25, pa 35, epim 40 – 41. Fore wing length 660. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 26, S 2 24, S 3 32 – 34. Pelta length 69, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S 1 100 – 105, S 2 140 – 148. Tube length 92, maximum width 53; terminal setae?. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.3 - 1.6 mm. Very similar in color and structure to macropterous female. Head 1.35 – 1.40 times as long as wide (Fig. 42); maxillary stylets wider apart, usually more than 0.33 times as wide as head. Tergite IX S 1 setae variable in shape and length, expanded, blunt or pointed. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1500 (distended). Head length 184, from anterior margin of eyes 169, width across eyes 128, maximum width across cheeks 134; eyes length 66 – 67; diameter of posterior ocelli 11 – 14; postocular setae 30 – 33. Maxillary bridge width 53. Antenna total length 310, segments III – VIII length as follows: 40, 42, 38, 37, 40, 24. Pronotum length 118, width 185. Setae on prothorax: aa about 20, ml 30, pa 25, epim 37 – 38. Fore wing length 590. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 24 – 26, S 2 22, S 3 27 – 28. Pelta length 58, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S 1 57 – 60, S 2 34 – 39. Tube length 85, maximum width 45; terminal setae 180.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBEFFECD980F92CFBA3E31E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, nr. Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, on bamboo, 24. viii. 1992, TN & SO. Paratypes: Thailand, 6 females (mac.) and 4 males (mac.), collected together with holotype; 2 females (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), same locality and habitat as holotype, 1. ix. 1991, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), nr. Chiang Mai, Phrow, on bamboo, 22. viii. 1992, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.), nr. Chiang Mai, Ka Jan, on bamboo, 3. ix. 1992, SO; 1 female (mac.), nr. Kanchanaburi, on bamboo, 30. viii. 1991, TN & SO. Non-paratypic specimens. Taiwan, 3 females (mac.), Chiai Hsien, Kuantzulin, on grass, 1. iv. 1993, TN & SO; 2 females (mac.), same data as above, on bamboo, 2. iv. 1993, SO; 5 females (mac.), Taitung Hsien, Chihpen, on bamboo, 10. ix. 1993, TN & SO. Japan, 1 female (mac.), Okinawa-ken, Okinawa-hontou Is., Nago-shi, Nago-jyoshi, on dead branches, 26. viii. 1988, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBEFFECD980F92CFBA3E31E.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is easily distinguished by a combination of the following features: antennal segment III with sub-basal swelling, segment IV with two (1 + 1 + 1) major sense cones; maxillary stylets relatively wider apart, about 0.3 times as wide as head; S 1 setae on tergite IX sharply pointed. The form of antennal segment III is similar to that of antennalis and inflavus from Japan, but they have tergite IX S 1 setae expanded in female. Interestingly, however, the male has the S 1 setae on tergite IX variable in length and shape, expanded, blunt or pointed. It is somewhat intermediate between Karnyothrips and Xylaplothrips (in part) in having the prosternal basantra and ferna closer together. Ten females from Taiwan and one female from Japan listed in the non-paratypic specimens could not be distinguished from the type series, but antennal segment III has the sub-basal swelling more distinct (Fig. 47). Most of the specimens of this species have been collected from bamboo.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBCFFEAD980F98BFABDE626.taxon	description	(Figs 12, 48 – 55) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.9 – 2.1 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 12). Head, thorax and tube brown; abdominal segment I yellow, with weakly shaded with brown laterally; segments II – VIII largely yellowish, scarcely shaded with pale brown, at least much paler than head and thorax, segments III – VIII each with a median indistinct marking along antecostal suture; segment IX pale brown, but yellowish at anterior half. Fore and mid coxae brown, hind coxae pale brown; fore femora brown with apices yellowish, mid and hind femora yellow; fore tibiae brownish yellow, mid and hind tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow. Fore wings shaded with pale brown, but paler at base and apex. Major body setae pale. Head about 1.6 times as long as wide (Fig. 48), 1.63 times in holotype, widest across cheeks, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 93 µm apart from each other, 11 – 12 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-third as long as head, 0.35 times in holotype. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair 21 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.5 times as long as head (Fig. 52), 1.54 times in holotype; segment VIII weakly constricted basally (Fig. 54), narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.67 times as long as VII; segments III shorter than IV (Fig. 55), longer than segment VII; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively, sense cones on segment III slender. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, about 1 / 6 of head width or a little wider, 23 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.62 times as long as head, 1.33 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete. Prospinasternum very large, widely fan-shaped, about 60 µm wide; mesopresternum reduced, divided into two lateral triangle plates; basantra a little wider than long (Fig. 49). Metanotum sculptured medially with longitudinal reticulation (Fig. 50); median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm in length, 24 µm apart from each other, about 50 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia, 5 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 51), sculptured weakly, almost as long as wide. Tergite IX S 1 setae abdominal expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, a little longer than tube. Tube 0.45 times as long as head (Fig. 55), about 1.6 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.4 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype macropterous female in µm). Body length about 2100 (distended). Head length 212, from anterior margin of eyes 195, width across eyes 128, maximum width across cheeks 130, minimum width across base 107; eyes length 74; diameter of posterior ocelli 11 – 16; postocular setae about 40. Maxillary bridge width 29. Antenna total length 326, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 45 (26), 50 (28), 42 (24), 39 (22), 42 (18), 28 (11). Pronotum length 132, width 175. Setae on prothorax: aa 30 – 35, ml? 30, pa? 35, epim 50 – 53. Fore wing length 770. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 33, S 2 41, S 3 48. Pelta length 78, width 78. Tergite IX setae: S 1 65, S 2 100 – 104. Tube length 95, maximum width 59; terminal setae 225. Male. Unknown	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBCFFEAD980F98BFABDE626.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur, 755 m alt., habitat uncertain, 3. ix. 2006, SO. Paratypes: Indonesia, Bali, 2 females (mac.), collected together with holotype.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBCFFEAD980F98BFABDE626.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on three macropterous females collected from Bali, Indonesia. It has the body bicolored brown and brownish yellow, antennal segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively and tergite IX S 1 setae expanded at apex. It may be most similar to K. macrommatus sp. n. from Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, it can easily be distinguished by the following features (in parentheses are the features of macrommatus); metathorax largely brown (largely yellow); eyes smaller, at least shorter than 0.4 times as long as head (about 0.4 times); maxillary stylets closer together, about one-sixth of head width in female (about one-fourth of head width); fore wing with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia (7 – 9); tube shorter than 0.5 times as long as head (0.55 times); terminal setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube (shorter than 1.5 times as long as tube).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBAFFEAD980FC93FDEEE07C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Bicolored species, head and tube brown, thorax and abdominal segments I – IX largely yellowish; antennal segments I and VII – VIII brown, segments II – VI largely yellow, but VI with distal half brownish. Antennal segment VIII not constricted basally; segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and three (1 + 2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets about one-fifth of head width apart. Notopleural sutures complete. Fore wing without duplicated cilia. Tube about 0.5 times as long as head.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFBAFFEAD980FA54FA14E29D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Brown species; femora brown, tibiae yellow, shaded with brown medially; antennal segments I – II and IV – VIII brown, IV – VI gradually darkened distally, segment III yellow. Antennal segment III with sub-basal swelling; segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and three (1 + 2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets about one-third of head width apart. Notopleural sutures complete; mesopresternum not divided, narrowly boat shaped; prospinasternum small. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, almost as long as tube, or a little shorter. Tube a little longer than 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae about 1.7 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype females and paratype females and males (see Okajima 2006, p. 384).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB9FFE8D980FF62FCEFE5CA.taxon	description	(Figs 13, 56 – 61) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.8 – 2.2 mm. Brown species (Fig. 13). All femora brown with apices yellowish; all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and VI – VIII brown, almost concolorous with head or a little paler, segment VI often with base yellowish; segment II brown, yellowish externally, segments III and IV yellow, segment V yellowish brown, with base yellow. Wings and major body setae pale. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 56), 1.52 times in holotype, widest across cheeks at the level of postocular setae, dorsal surface almost smooth, but with weak transverse striae at middle between postocular setae. Cheeks rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 122 µm apart from each other, 15 – 17 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-third as long as head, 0.31 – 0.32 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair 34 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head, 1.58 times in holotype; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 60), very weakly constricted basally, narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.65 times as long as VII; segments III and IV subequal in length (Fig. 61), longer than segment VII, each with two sense cones, (1 + 1) and (1 + 1 + 1) respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, about one-fourth of head width or a little wider, 30 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum 0.73 times as long as head, 1.17 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, shorter than pa, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete. Prospinasternum moderately large, longer than wide, narrowly fan-shaped, 25 µm wide; mesopresternum reduced, divided or very narrowly boat-shaped; basantra a little wider than long (Fig. 58). Metanotum weakly sculptured medially with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm in length, 44 µm apart from each other, 50 – 52 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 59), sculptured weakly, 1.21 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae pointed, much longer than tube, S 2 longer than S 1. Tube 0.47 times as long as head, 1.84 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.8 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2120 (distended). Head length 225, from anterior margin of eyes 205, width across eyes 140, maximum width across cheeks 148; eyes length 71 – 72, width 38 – 40; diameter of posterior ocelli 11 – 13; postocular setae about 40. Antenna total length 355, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 52 (28), 52 (28), 47 (25), 42 (22), 46 (20), 30 (13). Pronotum length 164, width 192. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml? 30, pa 35 – 37, epim 50 – 53. Fore wing length 740. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 31 – 33, S 2 28 – 30, S 3 30 – 40. Pelta length 80, width 97. Tergite IX setae: S 1 142 – 144, S 2 150 – 160. Tube length 105, maximum width 57; terminal setae 190. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.4 - 1.7 mm. Very similar in color and structure to macropterous female. Head 1.45 – 1.60 times as long as wide (Fig. 57); postocular setae much shorter than eyes; maxillary stylets rather wider apart, 0.30 – 0.35 times as wide as head. Tergite IX S 1 setae 1.18 – 1.28 times as long as tube. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1520 (distended). Head length 191, from anterior margin of eyes 173, width across eyes 122, maximum width across cheeks 123; eyes length 63 – 65, width 35; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 12; postocular setae 30 – 35. Antenna total length 300, segments III – VIII length as follows: 45, 44, 39, 33, 38, 28. Pronotum length 120, width 158. Setae on prothorax: aa 20 – 25, ml 20 – 25, pa about 30, epim 33 – 35. Fore wing length 580. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 25, S 2 25 – 26, S 3 28 – 30. Pelta length 57, width 71. Tergite IX setae: S 1 105, S 2 35 – 37. Tube length 88, maximum width 48; terminal setae 176.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB9FFE8D980FF62FCEFE5CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, the Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300 m, on half dead grass, 1. viii. 1979, SO. Paratypes: the Philippines, Mindanao, 9 females (mac.) and 5 males (mac.), collected together with holotype; same locality as holotype, 3 females (mac.), on dead branches, 1 male (mac.), on dead leaves, 30. vii. 1979, 2 females (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), on dead fern, 30. vii. 1979, 2 females (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), on half dead grass, 31. vii. 1979, 1 female (mac.), on bush with bamboo, 31. vii. 1979, 1 female (mac.), on dead leaves, 31. vii. 1979, 12 females (mac.) and 4 males (mac.), on half dead grass, 1. viii. 1979, 7 females (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), on dead leaves, 2. viii. 1979, 2 females (mac.) and 5 males (mac.), on dead leaves, 3. viii. 1979, SO; North Cotabato, Ilomavis, 1 female (mac.), on dead leaves, 26. vii. 1979, 1 female, on dead fern, 26. vii. 1979, 3 females (mac.), on dead fern, 27. vii. 1979, 2 males (mac.), on grass, 27. vii. 1979, 1 male (mac.), on dead leaves, 29. vii. 1979, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB9FFE8D980FF62FCEFE5CA.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on a good number of macropterous females and males taken from dead plants in Mindanao, the Philippines. It may be closely related to K. brevipilosus sp. n. from Vietnam described below, despite they are quite distinctive in body color. These two share several important character states as: head with weak transverse striae or warts at middle between postocular setae; antennal segment VIII relatively slender, 0.65 – 0.68 times as long as segment VII, narrowly fused to VII (Fig. 60); antennal segments III and IV each with two sense cones; tergite IX S 1 setae sharply pointed, longer than tube.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB8FFE6D980F9CEFEF0E49E.taxon	description	(Figs 14, 62 – 67) Female (microptera). Distended body length: 2.0 mm. Brown species (Fig. 14). Abdomen somewhat paler than head, intermediate segments pale brown, scarcely yellowish before antecostal suture. All femora brown, with apices slightly yellowish; all tibiae weakly shaded with brown; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segments II and III a little paler, apex of segment II and base of III scarcely yellowish. Major body setae pale. Head relatively short (Fig. 62), about 1.2 times as long as broad, widest across the middle of cheeks, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae a little shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, about 120 µm apart from each other, 13 – 16 µm apart from eyes. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small, posterior pair 38 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII very weakly constricted basally (Fig. 66), narrowly fused to VII, 0.55 times as long as VII; segments III shorter than IV (Fig. 67), a little longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, not reaching eyes, relatively wider apart from each other, their distance about one-fourth of head width, 37 µm apart; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum 0.84 times as long as head, 1.36 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa, ml and pa subequal in length, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum not so large, fan-shaped, about 30 µm wide (Fig. 63). Metanotum almost smooth medially (Fig. 64); median pair of setae weak, short and acute, longer than 20 µm, 52 µm apart from each other, 43 – 47 µm apart from anterior margin. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 65), sculptured weakly, about 1.7 times as wide as long. Abdominal tergites II – VII each with two pairs of wing-retaining setae. Tergite IX S 1 setae weakly expanded, almost as long as tube, S 2 sharply pointed, much longer than tube. Tube 0.54 times as long as head, about 1.7 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2000 (distended). Head length 172, from anterior margin of eyes 161, width across eyes 141, maximum width across cheeks 147, minimum width across base 130; eyes length 51; diameter of posterior ocelli 9 – 10; postocular setae 43 – 48. Maxillary bridge width 40. Antenna total length 315, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (27), 45 (28), 42 (24), 36 (23), 40 (20), 22 (12). Pronotum length 145, width 197. Setae on prothorax: aa 37 – 42, ml 41 – 42, pa 42, epim 54 – 57. Pelta length 62, width 105. Tergite IX setae: S 1 91 – 93, S 2 130 – 133. Tube length 93, maximum width 55; terminal setae 190. Male. Unknown.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB8FFE6D980F9CEFEF0E49E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: micropterous female, Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 29. iii. 1984, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB8FFE6D980F9CEFEF0E49E.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on a single micropterous female taken from Taiwan. The head shape of this species is peculiar in the genus (Fig. 62). It may be nearly allied with K. flavipes, but can be distinguished by having short head that is about 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 62), the mesopresternum divided into two lateral plates (Fig. 63), and antennal segment VIII weakly constricted at base (Fig. 66). This species was collected from the dead branches.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB6FFE4D980FE0BFB69E696.taxon	description	(Figs 15, 68 – 73) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 2.0 – 2.4 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 15). Head, thorax, abdominal segments VIII – IX and tube brown to dark brown, but abdominal segment VIII with anterior portion yellowish; abdominal segments I – VII largely yellow, segments III – VII each with a median brown marking along antecostal suture. Fore femora brown, almost concolorous with head, with apices yellowish, mid and hind femora yellowish, often slightly tinged with pale brown; fore tibiae yellow, often slightly shaded with pale brown, mid and hind tibiae yellow; all tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and VII – VIII pale brown, a little paler than head, segment II yellow, shaded brown basally, segments III yellow, segments IV – VI brownish yellow to yellowish brown, gradually darkened distally, each with base scarcely paler. Wings and major body setae pale. Head 1.50 – 1.56 times as long as broad (Fig. 68), 1.55 times in holotype, widest across before the middle of cheeks, dorsal surface almost smooth, very weakly sculptured with transverse striae or wrinkles at middle between postocular setae, with transverse reticules at extreme base. Cheeks rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, about 150 µm apart from each other, 18 – 21 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-third as long as head, 0.31 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small, posterior pair 40 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head, 1.57 times in holotype; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 72), very weakly constricted basally, narrowly fused to VII, 0.64 – 0.67 times as long as VII; segments III and IV subequal in length (Fig. 73), almost as long as segment VII, or a little longer; segments III and IV each with two sense cones, (1 + 1) and (1 + 1 + 1) respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, not reaching eyes, close together medially, closer than one-fifth of head width, 22 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum 0.7 – 0.8 times as long as head, 1.18 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; pa longer than aa, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures incomplete. Prospinasternum moderately large, rhomboid, about 40 µm wide; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates or narrowly boat-shaped (Fig. 70). Metanotum almost smooth medially; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm long, 53 µm apart from each other, 58 – 60 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 2 – 6 duplicated cilia, 5 – 6 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 2 the shortest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig 71), sculptured weakly, 1.20 – 1.35 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae sharply pointed, S 1 a little longer than tube, at least shorter than 1.3 times as long as tube, S 2 much longer than S 1. Tube 0.42 – 0.45 times as long as head, 1.65 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae 1.8 – 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2400 (distended). Head length 249, from anterior margin of eyes 228, width across eyes 157, maximum width across cheeks 161; eyes length 76 – 77, width 44 – 45; diameter of posterior ocelli 12 – 14; postocular setae about 40. Maxillary bridge width 28. Antenna total length 390, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 53 (26), 55 28), 50 (25), 46 (20), 51 (20), 33 (12). Pronotum length 174, width 206. Setae on prothorax: aa about 33, ml 35 – 40, pa 35 – 40, epim 58 – 60. Fore wing length 840. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 35 – 37, S 2 28 – 30, S 3 36 – 37. Pelta length 83, width 102. Tergite IX setae: S 1 125 – 130, S 2 180. Tube length 105, maximum width 62; terminal setae 180 – 192. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.5 – 1.7 mm. very similar in color and structure to micropterous female. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 69); maxillary stylets wider apart, 0.25 – 0.35 times as wide as head; maxillary bridge distinct. Pronotum a little shorter than 0.7 times as long as head. Tergite IX S 1 setae a little longer than tube. A paratype male has right S 1 setae on the tergite IX expanded at apex despite left one is pointed. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1670 (distended). Head length 197, from anterior margin of eyes 180, width across eyes 126, maximum width across cheeks 130; eyes length 62; diameter of posterior ocelli 9 – 11; postocular setae 30 – 35. Maxillary bridge width 58. Antenna total length 320, segments III – VIII length as follows: 47, 48, 43, 58, 40, 27. Pronotum length 130, width 163. Setae on prothorax: aa about 20, ml 20 – 25, pa about 30, epim 35 – 38. Fore wing length 650. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 26 – 27, S 2 17 – 22, S 3 25 – 27. Pelta length 62, width 75. Tergite IX setae: S 1 92, S 2 33 – 34. Tube length 93, maximum width 44; terminal setae 170.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB6FFE4D980FE0BFB69E696.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam, Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa, on dead leaves and branches, 6. viii. 2000, SO. Paratypes: Vietnam, 6 females (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), collected together with holotype; 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), Thua Thien Hue Prov., Phgu Loc Dist., Bach Ma Nat. Park, ca 1150 alt, on bamboo, 14. viii. 2007, SO; 2 females (mac.), Lam Dong Prov., Bao Loc., Dam Bri, on bamboo, 27. xii. 2001, SO. Peninsular Malaysia, 5 females (mac.), Tapah, on bamboo, 17. ix. 1990, TN & SO; same locality as above, 1 female (mac.), on grass, 26. vii. 1976, SO; 2 males (mac.), Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 27. viii. 1990, TN & SO. Borneo, 1 female (mac.), Sabah, nr. Keningau, Taman Bunsit, on bamboo, 2. ix. 1991, TN & SO. Indonesia, Bali, 3 females (mac.), Peliatan, alt. about 220 m, on bamboo, 24. vii. 1984, SO; 6 females (mac.), Tabanan, near Wangaya, Pura Jero, Sasah, on bamboo, 4. ix. 2005, SO; Tabanan, Jatiluwih, Peteli Temple, on bamboo, 5 females (mac.), 13. viii. 2005, 3 females (mac.), 13. viii. 2006, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur, 755 alt., 3. ix. 2006, SO; 2 females (mac.). Indonesia, Java, 6 females (mac.), Melang, Batu, Pujon, ca 975 m alt., on bamboo, 22. viii. 2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Malang, Wono-koyo, ca 1150 m alt., 23. viii. 2005, SO; 8 females (mac.), Malang, Sawo Sajar, ca 450 m alt., on bamboo, 24. viii. 2005, SO; 2 females (mac.), Malang, Buring, 515 alt., on bamboo, 24. Viii. 2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Banyuwangi, Kalibaru, 470 m alt., on bamboo, 26. viii. 2005, SO; 8 females (mac.), Banyuwangi, Malan Sari, ca 410 m alt., on bamboo, 27. viii- 2005, SO. Taiwan, 2 females (mac.), Kaohsiung Hsien, Liukuei, on bamboo, 5. ix. 1993, TN & SO; 6 females (mac.), Taitung Hsien, Chihpen, on bamboo, 10. ix. 1993, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.), Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 30. iii. 1984, SO; 2 females (mac.), Taipei Hsien, Mt. Tatung shan, on grass, 4. iv. 1984, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB6FFE4D980FE0BFB69E696.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on a long series of macropterous females and males collected from both dead leafy branches and Poaceae (= bamboo and grass) in somewhat wide range between Southeast Asia and Taiwan. It is very similar to K. melaleucus in color and structure, and there is a possibility that these two species have previously been confused. However, it can be distinguished by the following features (in parentheses are the features of melaleucus): abdominal segment VIII largely brown with anterior portion yellowish (largely yellow, often tinged with brown); head very weakly sculptured with transverse striae at middle (almost smooth); maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, 22 – 27 µm apart from each other at middle in female (barely reaching eyes, 13 – 22 µm apart); mesopresternum very narrow at middle, often scarcely divided (broader at middle); sub-basal wing setae S 1 longer than S 3 (S 3 longer than S 1); S 1 setae on tergite IX about 1.2 times as long as tube or shorter (1.3 – 1.4 times as long as tube or longer). The color pattern of this species is also similar to K. franciscanus Hood from Brazil (Hood, 1949; Mound & Marullo, 1996), but that has tergite IX S 1 setae expanded. Moreover, this species is more closely related to apoensis newly described above from the Philippines rather than melaleucus. The paratype females collected from other than Vietnam have the head somewhat shorter, but all other character states are quite indistinguishable. Two paratype males from Cameron Highland, Peninsular Malaysia, have the bodies somewhat darker. This species has been collected usually together with K. melaleucus from bamboo or grasses.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB4FFE3D980FC03FC90E7C2.taxon	description	(Figs 16, 74 – 79) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 2.4 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 16). Head, prothorax, mesothorax and tube brown, mesothorax a little paler than prothorax; metathorax and abdominal segment I yellowish medially, brownish laterally, metathorax slightly shaded with brown antero-medially; abdominal segment II largely brownish, but yellowish postero-laterally, segments III – VI largely yellowish, shaded with brown medially, segments VII and VIII largely brownish, slightly yellowish marginally, segment IX pale brown. Fore femora brown almost concolorous with head, with apices yellowish, mid and hind femora brown, slightly paler than fore femora; tibiae yellow, fore tibiae scarcely shaded; tarsi yellow. Antennal segment I brown, segment II pale brown, yellowish apically, segment III yellow; segments IV – VIII pale brown to brown, gradually darkened distally, segment IV with base yellowish. Fore wing shaded with pale brown, but paler at base and apex; major body setae pale. Head about 1.46 times as long as wide (Fig. 74), dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks almost straight, very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae much shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 105 µm apart from each other, about 10 µm apart from eyes. Eyes well developed, about 0.4 times as long as head. Ocelli largely developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, about 20 µm apart from each other. Antennae 1.68 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 78), distinctly constricted basally, narrowly fused to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III longer than segment VII; segment IV the longest (Fig. 79); segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, close together medially, their distance about one-sixth of head width, 25 µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.76 times as long as head, 1.2 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa a little longer than pa, longer than postocular setae; epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra relatively small; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum wide, about 62 µm wide (Fig. 75). Metanotum weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation (Fig. 76); median pair of setae weak, short and acute, 23 µm in length, 32 µm apart from each other, 65 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 8 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded; S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 77), sculptured weakly, a little longer than wide. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, a little longer than tube. Tube 0.53 times as long as head, 1.95 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2360 (distended). Head length 227, from anterior margin of eyes 215, width across eyes 155, maximum width across cheeks 156, minimum width across base 130; eyes length 89; diameter of posterior ocelli 17 – 21; postocular setae? 40. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 382, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 51 (28), 55 (29), 48 (25), 43 (23), 45 (20), 32 (11). Pronotum length 173, width 210. Setae on prothorax: aa 55 – 57, ml 50 – 53, pa 50, epim 70 – 75. Fore wing length 1060. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 45 – 50, S 2 52, S 3 62 – 65. Pelta length 104, width 100. Tergite IX setae: S 1 91 – 92, S 2 125 – 127. Tube length 121, maximum width 62; terminal setae 237 – 238. Male. Unknown.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB4FFE3D980FC03FC90E7C2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, foot of Gnung Jasar, on dead leaves and branches, 19. ix. 1990, TN & SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB4FFE3D980FC03FC90E7C2.taxon	discussion	Comments. This bicolored species is described based on a unique macropterous female taken from dead leafy branches in Cameron Highland, Peninsular Malaysia, but it is very characteristic in several structures. It is easily discriminated from the congeners by the combination of the following character states: eyes well developed (Fig. 74), about 0.4 times as long as head; antennal segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively; maxillary stylets closer together, about one-sixth of head width apart; pelta almost as long as wide. K. capitatus is possibly related to K. macrommatus sp. n. described below from Sulawesi, Indonesia, in sharing the compound eyes enlarged and the pelta rather elongated.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB2FFE2D980FF62FED3E7B3.taxon	description	This species was described from Guangdong, China, based on apterous four females and eight males collected from leaf-litter, but specimens have not been available for this study. According to the original description, it is distinct in having a combination of sub-basal swelling on antennal segment III and four sense cones on segment IV. The following diagnosis is based on the original description and figures, but the conditions of prospinasternum and mesopresternum are uncertain. Diagnosis. Brown species; femora brown, tibiae yellow; antenna brown, segment III somewhat paler. Antennal segment III with sub-basal swelling; segment VIII conical, not constricted basally, widely fused to VII; segments III and IV with two and four sense cones respectively. Notopleural sutures complete. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, longer than tube. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB2FFE0D980FB55FD4AE4C6.taxon	description	(Figs 17, 80 – 85) Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.7 mm. Bicolored species. Largely yellow, but anterior portion of head, mesothorax, lateral portion of abdominal segment I, anterior half of abdominal segment II and tube pale brown, tube with base yellowish; the rest of body largely yellow, but abdominal segments III – VII each with a median pale brown marking along antecostal suture. Legs yellow. Antennal segment I pale brown, segments IV – VIII pale brown to brown, but segment IV with extreme base yellowish, segments II and III yellow. Major body setae pale. Head about 1.47 times as long as wide (Fig. 80), widest across cheeks at middle, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, about 90 µm apart from each other, 17 – 18 µm apart from eyes. Eyes a little longer than 1 / 4 of head length. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair 25 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.7 times as long as head; segment VIII distinctly constricted at base (Fig. 84), narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.72 times as long as VII; segment III almost as long as VII; segments III shorter than IV (Fig. 85); segments III and IV each with two sense cones, (1 + 1) and (1 + 1 + 1) respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching eyes, close together medially, their distance about one-sixth of head width, 18 µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.61 times as long as head, 1.35 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, shorter than pa, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral small triangle plates; prospinasternum large, 32 µm wide (Fig. 82). Metanotum very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm in length, 32 µm apart from each other, 34 – 35 µm apart from anterior margin. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 83), sculptured weakly, 1.23 times as wide as long. Abdominal tergites II – VII each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube 0.52 times as long as head, 1.94 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.74 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype micropterous female in µm). Body length 1720 (distended). Head length 178, from anterior margin of eyes 163, width across eyes 111, maximum width across cheeks 121, minimum width across base 103; eyes length 47; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 11; postocular setae 35 – 40. Maxillary bridge width 25. Antenna total length 300, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 35 (25), 42 (27), 38 (23), 35 (22), 36 (20), 26 (12). Pronotum length 109, width 147. Setae on prothorax: aa 30 – 35, ml 33 – 35, pa 40 – 41, epim 48 – 50. Pelta length 57, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S 1 75 – 77, S 2 110. Tube length 93, maximum width 48; terminal setae 162. Male (microptera). Distended body length: 1.4 mm. Color very similar to micropterous female, but somewhat paler; antennal segment I yellowish; intermediate abdominal tergite without brown markings. Head weakly narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 81), 1.52 times as long as wide; maxillary stylets about 1 / 5 of head width apart, 23 µm apart from each other. Pronotum 0.58 times as long as head, 1.44 times as wide as long. Measurements (paratype micropterous male in µm). Body length 1380 (distended). Head length 167, from anterior margin of eyes 152, width across eyes 98, maximum width across cheeks 110, minimum width across base 95; eyes length 47; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 9; postocular setae 33 – 35. Maxillary bridge width 27. Antenna total length 275, segments III – VIII length as follows: 35, 37, 35, 32, 32, 25. Pronotum length 97, width 140. Setae on prothorax: aa? 30, ml? 30, pa 35, epim 47 – 48. Pelta length 48, width 67. Tergite IX setae: S 1 70, S 2 25 – 27. Tube length 75, maximum width 44; terminal setae 150.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB2FFE0D980FB55FD4AE4C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: micropterous female, Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue Prov., Phu Loc District, Back Ma National Park, ca 1150 m alt., on bamboo, 14. viii. 2007, SO. Paratype: Vietnam, 1 male (mic.), collected together with holotype.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB2FFE0D980FB55FD4AE4C6.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on micropterous one female and one male collected from bamboo in Vietnam. It has the body bicolored brown and yellow, antennal segment IV with two sense cones (1 + 1 + 1) and tergite IX S 1 setae expanded. This combination of features is shared only with K. submaculatus sp. n. described below from Taiwan, but is easily distinguished by the largely yellowish head and prothorax including fore legs. The color pattern of flavescens is very similar to K. micans comb. n. described from India (Ananthakrishnan & Jagadish, 1970; Pitkin, 1976). However, micans has four major sense cones, (2 + 2 + 1), on antennal segment IV, whereas flavescens has only two major sense cones.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB0FFE0D980FDCFFA14E17B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark brown species; femora dark brown, tibiae yellow or pale brown; antennal segments I and VI – VIII dark brown, segments II and V brown, V with extreme base yellowish, III entirely yellow, IV pale brown with base yellow. Antennal segment VIII not constricted basally; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and three (1 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of head width apart. Notopleural sutures complete; mesopresternum transverse, not divided; prospinasternum small. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, much longer than tube in female. Tube a little shorter than 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae a little longer than 2.0 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype females and paratype females and males (see Okajima 2006, p. 385).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB0FFDED980FB6CFBD2E626.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 2, 18, 86 – 91)	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB0FFDED980FB6CFBD2E626.taxon	description	There is one enigmatic species. Ananthakrishnan (1973) described K. fungulus based on seven females taken from southern India. Although this valid name has been referred to by some authors (Ananthakrishnan & Sen 1980; Sen, Pramanik & Sen Gupta 1988; Bhatti 2004; Okajima 2006), it was not mentioned by Pitkin (1976) nor in the latest checklist of Indian Thysanoptera, (Tyagi et al. 2016), nor in ThripsWiki (2023). However, there is a paratype female of fungulus in TUA listed below. As suggested by Okajima (2006, p. 388), fungulus is difficult to distinguish from flavipes, and it is here considered to be a new synonym.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFB0FFDED980FB6CFBD2E626.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark brown species; femora dark brown, tibiae brown with apices yellowish, sometimes paler; antenna brown to dark brown, segment III brownish at apical half, yellowish at basal half (Fig. 91), segments IV – VIII gradually darkened distally. Antennal segment VIII conical (Fig. 90), not constricted basally, widely fused to VII; segment III with two (1 + 1) sense cones, IV with three (1 + 2 + 1) or four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones. Maxillary stylets about one-third of head width apart (Figs 86 & 87). Notopleural sutures complete. Mesopresternum usually not divided, transverse; prospinasternum moderately large (Fig. 88). Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 setae pointed, much longer than tube. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae about 0.2 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined (There are numerous specimens in TUA collection, including the following). India, 1 paratype female (mac.) of K. fungulus, Devikulam, on dry twigs, 9. ix. 1970, T. N. Ananthakrishnan. Indonesia, 3 females (mac.), Bali Is., Peliatan, alt. about 220 m, on dead leaves and branches, 24. vii. 1984, SO; 1 female (mac.), Java, Melanting, Singo Sari, ca 570 m alt., 23. viii. 2005, SO; 6 females (mac.), South Celebes (= Sulawesi), 11 km E from Marino, alt. about 1500 m, on dead branches, 2. viii. 1984, SO; 1 male (mac.), Flores Is., Manggarai, Gololoni, 1225 alt., on dead branches, 25. viii. 2006, SO. Peninsular Malaysia, 1 female (mac.), Tapah, on dead leaves, 26. vii. 1976, SO. Thailand, 1 female (mac.), Bangkok, Bangkhen, Campus of Kasetsart Univrsity, NBCRC, on dead branches, 26. xii. 1987, SO; 4 females (mac.), Phuket Is., Rang Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14. ix. 1992, SO; 2 females (mac.), nr. Chiang Mai, Ka Jan, on dead leaves and branches, 3. ix. 1992, SO; 3 females (mac.), nr. Chiang Mai, Doi Pui, on dead leaves and branches, 1. ix. 1992, TN. Vietnam, 1 female (mac.), Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa, on dead leaves and branches, 6. viii. 2000, SO. Taiwan, 2 female (mac.) and 3 males (mac.), Taipei Hsien, Mt. Tatung shan, on dead leaves, 4. iv. 1984, SO; 1 female (mac.), Chiai Hsien, Kuantzulin, on dead leaves and branches, 1. iv. 1993, TN & SO; Nanou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 1 female (mic.), 24. iii. 1984, 13 females (mac.), 30. iii. 1984, SO; 11 females (mac.), same locality as above, on dead leaves and branches, 29. viii. 1993, TN & SO. Japan, many females from both temperate and subtropical areas (see Okajima 2006, p. 387 – 388).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8EFFDCD980FC93FCC8E752.taxon	description	(Figs 19, 92 – 97) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.6 – 2.1 mm. Brown species (Fig. 19). Largely brown, but abdomen often somewhat paler than head and thorax. All femora brown with extreme apices yellowish; all tibiae tinged with pale brown, mid and hind tibiae with yellow apices; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III scarcely paler, sometimes with pale base. Wings very weakly shaded with brown; major body setae pale. Head a little longer than 1.35 – 1.41 times as long as wide (Fig. 92), 1.37 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 103 µm apart from each other, 12 – 13 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes a little shorter than 0.3 times as long as head, 0.27 – 0.28 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair 33 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae 1.85 – 1.89 times as long as head; segment VIII scarcely constricted basally (Fig. 96); segment III with sub-basal weak swelling (Fig. 97), almost as long as segment VII; segment IV the longest, much longer than III; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets crossing over postocular setae, but hardly reaching eyes, relatively wider apart, their distance about one-fourth of head width, 30 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum a little shorter than 0.7 times as long as head, 1.42 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; pa longer than aa, aa and ml subequal, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete or almost complete. Prospinasternum moderately large, shaped irregularly, about 30 µm wide; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates, these plates often narrowly fused medially (Fig. 94). Metanotum almost smooth, but very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm in length, 38 µm apart from each other, 41 – 42 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 3 – 5 (rarely 2 or 6) duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 1 and S 2 subequal in length, S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 85), sculptured weakly, about 1.3 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, much longer than tube. Tube about half as long as head, 1.77 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube, about 2.4 times as long as tube in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1730 (distended). Head length 167, from anterior margin of eyes 157, width across eyes 118, maximum width across cheeks 122; eyes length 46 – 47, width 32; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 10; postocular setae about 40. Antenna total length 315, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 38 (25), 45 (28), 40 (23), 35 (22), 39 (20), 21 (11). Pronotum length 110, width 156. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml 30 – 35, pa 38, epim 45 – 47. Fore wing length 550. Pelta length 60, width 79. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 31, S 2 31 – 32, S 3 35. Tergite IX setae: S 1 75, S 2 103 – 105. Tube length 83, maximum width 47; terminal setae 200 – 203. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.4 – 1.6 mm. Very similar in color and structure to macropterous female. Metanotal sculpture a little stouter than that of female. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide. Fore wing with 2 – 4 (rarely 5) duplicated cilia. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 165, from anterior margin of eyes 155, width across eyes 115, maximum width across cheeks 118; eyes length 53 – 54, width 35; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 10; postocular setae 35. Antenna total length 310, segments III – VIII length as follows: 37, 48, 39, 35, 39, 21. Pronotum length 116, width 163. Setae on prothorax: aa 32 – 35, ml 35, pa 35 – 37, epim 43 – 45. Fore wing length 590. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 30 – 31, S 2 32, S 3 35. Tergite IX setae: S 1 75 – 77, S 2 34 – 38. Tube length 80, maximum width 48; terminal setae 225.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8EFFDCD980FC93FCC8E752.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead leaves and branches, 29. viii. 1993, TN & SO. Paratypes: Taiwan, 5 females (mac.) and 6 males (mac.), collected together with holotype; same locality as holotype, on dead branches, 5 females (mac.), 24. iii. 1984, 1 female (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), 25. iii. 1984, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), 27. iii. 1984, SO; 4 females (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), Nantou Hsien, foot of Mt. Nankao, nr. Wanta, on dead branches, 1. iv. 1984, SO; 1 female (mac.), Chiai Hsien, Kuantzulin, on dead leaves and branches, 23. viii. 1993, TN & SO. Non-paratypic specimens. Taiwan, 1 female (mic.), Pintung Hsien, Kenting Nat. Park, on grass, 19. iii. 1984, SO; Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, 4 females (mic.) and 2 males (mic.), on dead branches, 30. iii. 1984, SO, 1 female (mic.), on dead leaves and branches, 29. viii. 1993, TN & SO; 5 females (mic.) and 2 males (mic.), Nantou Hsien, foot of Mt. Nankao, nr. Wanta, on dead branches, 1. iv. 1984, SO; Kaohsiung Hsien, Liukuei, 3 males (mic.), on dead leaves and branches, 4. ix. 1993, TN & SO, 1 male (mic.), on dead branches, 5. ix. 1993, TN.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8EFFDCD980FC93FCC8E752.taxon	discussion	Comments. This unicolorous brown species is described based on several macropterous females and males collected from dead leafy branches in Taiwan. It has four major sense cones (2 + 2 + 1) on antennal segment IV and the maxillary stylets rather wider apart. It is somewhat similar to K. flavipes, but has antennal segment III weakly swollen sub-basally (Fig. 97), prosternal basantra smaller, prospinasternum larger and the mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle sclerites (Fig. 94). A series of specimens, listed in the non-paratypic specimens, are all micropterae although all of the type specimens are macropterae. These micropterous females and males have antennal segment III with a weaker sub-basal swelling, but other character states are indistinguishable from the type series. However, there is a slight possibility that they represent a distinct species.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8CFFDBD980FD47FDB5E2C9.taxon	description	(Figs 20, 98 – 103) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.7 – 1.9 mm. Brown species (Fig. 20). Largely brown. All femora brown with apices yellowish; tibiae yellowish, fore and mid tibiae tinged with pale brown; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment II paler anteriorly, segment III brownish yellow, slightly darkened anteriorly, IV with pedicel yellowish. Wings weakly shaded with brown, but paler at bases and apices; major body setae pale. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 98), 1.52 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 105 µm apart from each other, 13 – 15 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-third of head length, 0.33 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair slightly separated from eyes, 28 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head; segment VIII scarcely constricted basally (Fig. 102), 0.64 times as long as VII; segment VII shorter than III; segment IV the longest, a little longer than III (Fig. 103); segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets crossing over postocular setae, but not reaching eyes, relatively wider apart, their distance about one-fourth of head width, 35 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge distinct. Pronotum about 0.6 times as long as head, 1.42 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; pa longer than aa, aa and ml subequal, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum relatively large, fan-shaped, about 40 µm in width (Fig. 100). Metanotum weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm in length, 44 µm apart from each other, about 50 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 5 – 6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 1 and S 2 subequal in length, S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 101), sculptured weakly, 1.07 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae sharply pointed, S 1 longer than tube, S 2 much longer than tube. Tube a little shorter than half of head length, 1.8 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube, about 2.2 times as long as tube in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1900 (distended). Head length 200, from anterior margin of eyes 185, width across eyes 131, maximum width across cheeks 132; eyes length 65; diameter of posterior ocelli 11 – 13; postocular setae about 40. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 320, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 45 (26), 47 (27), 40 (24), 37 (22), 39 (21), 25 (12). Pronotum length 122, width 173. Setae on prothorax: aa 33 – 37, ml? 35 – 37, pa 40 – 42, epim 50 – 60. Fore wing length 750. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 40, S 2 38 – 40, S 3 42 – 44. Pelta length 71, width 76. Tergite IX setae: S 1 105, S 2 123 – 132. Tube length 95, maximum width 53; terminal setae 212. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.46 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Maxillary stylets wider apart, wider than 1 / 3 of head width, 37 µm apart from each other in paratype male. Fore wing with 3 – 4 duplicated cilia. Tube about half as long as head. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1460 (distended). Head length 170, from anterior margin of eyes 157, width across eyes 118, maximum width across cheeks 120; eyes length 53; diameter of posterior ocelli 9 – 11; postocular setae 42 – 45. Maxillary bridge width 48. Antenna total length 295, segments III – VIII length as follows: 39, 43, 38, 38, 38, 23. Pronotum length 110, width 168. Setae on prothorax: aa less than 30, ml less than 30, pa 33 – 37, epim 47 – 49. Fore wing length 620. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 34 – 35, S 2 29 – 31, S 3 29 – 32. Pelta length 54, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S 1 103 – 107, S 2 30 – 32. Tube length 87, maximum width 45; terminal setae 195 – 193.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8CFFDBD980FD47FDB5E2C9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, the Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300 m, on half dead grass, 31. vii. 1979, SO. Paratypes: the Philippines, Mindanao, 1 male (mac.), same locality as holotype, on dead leaves, 2. viii. 1979, SO; 1 female (mac.), North Cotabato, Ilomavis, on dead leaves, 29. vii. 1979, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8CFFDBD980FD47FDB5E2C9.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was collected together with K. apoensis sp. n. which also has tergite IX S 1 setae pointed, but these two species are easily distinguished by the antennal structure, coloration and sense cone formula of segment IV. Antennal segments IV and V are largely yellow in apoensis with two sense cones on segment IV, whereas this species has the antenna largely brown except for segment III and four sense cones on segment IV. K. formosanus is also very similar to this species, despite antennal segment III with a small sub-basal swelling and tergite IX S 1 setae sharply pointed.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8AFFDAD980FF62FAE8E607.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark brown species; femora dark brown, tibiae brown with apices yellowish; antennal segments I and IV – VIII brown, IV yellowish at base, segments II and III yellowish, II a little darker than III. Antennal segment III with sub-basal swelling; segment VIII conical, not constricted basally, widely fused to VII; segments III and IV each with two (1 + 1) sense cones. Maxillary stylets about 1 / 4 of head width apart. Notopleural sutures complete; mesopresternum reduced, divided into two lateral small triangular plates; prospinasternum wide. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, much longer than tube. Tube about 0.7 times as long as head; terminal setae a little shorter than 2.0 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype female; two other females and one male (see Okajima 2006, p. 389).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8AFFD8D980FC70FD90E472.taxon	description	(Figs 21. 104 – 109) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.8 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 21). Body largely yellow; head pale brown, with posterior portion yellowish; pterothorax pale brown, with anterior and posterior portions yellowish; tube pale brown, with base yellowish; abdominal segments III – VIII each with a median pale brown marking along antecostal suture. All legs yellow. Antennal segments I and IV – VIII pale brown to brown, segment I more or less paler than head, segments IV – VIII gradually but scarcely darkened distally, extreme base of segment IV yellowish, segments II and III yellow. Fore wing slightly tinged with brown; major body setae pale. Head 1.39 times as long as wide (Fig. 104), widest across at the middle of cheeks; dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 98 µm apart from each other, 11 – 12 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes relatively small, 0.31 times as long as head. Posterior ocelli in contact with eyes, about 23 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.74 times as long as head; segment VIII slightly constricted basally (Fig. 108), narrowly fused to segment VII, about 0.66 times as long as VII; segment VII almost as long as III; segment IV the longest (Fig. 109), much longer than III; segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance 0.23 times as wide as head, 28 µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, about 1.4 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, pa a little longer than ml, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum narrowly boat-shaped; prospinasternum large, widely fan-shaped, 48 µm wide (Fig. 106). Metanotum sculptured medially with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm long, 41 µm apart from each other, 41 – 43 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 107), sculptured weakly, 1.24 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, almost as long as tube, S 2 sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube about half as long as head, 1.75 times as long as wide. Terminal setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1770 (distended). Head length 167, from anterior margin of eyes 155, width across eyes 116, maximum width across cheeks 120, minimum width across base 103; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 11 – 13; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 30. Antenna total length 290, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 37 (25), 42 (26), 37 (23), 34 (22), 38 (20), 25 (12). Pronotum length 115, width 163. Setae on prothorax: aa 33 – 34, ml 33 – 35, pa 38, epim 47 – 52. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 30, S 2 32 – 33, S 3 33. Pelta length 55, width 68. Tergite IX setae: S 1 83, S 2 101. Tube length 84, maximum width 48; terminal setae 190 – 192. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.25 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Antennal segment III largely yellow, but slightly shaded with brown; abdominal segment IX pale brown but anterior portion yellowish. Maxillary stylets somewhat wider, about 0.3 times as wide as head, 33 µm apart from each other. Mesopresternum almost divided into two lateral plates. Terminal setae longer than 2.5 times as long as tube. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1250 (distended). Head length 138, from anterior margin of eyes 129, width across eyes 103, maximum width across cheeks 106, minimum width across base 87; eyes length 45; diameter of posterior ocelli 9 – 11; postocular setae 34 – 35. Maxillary bridge width 40. Antenna total length 255, segments III – VIII length as follows: 34, 35, 32, 30, 32, 22. Pronotum length 92, width 128. Setae on prothorax: aa 26 – 28, ml 28 – 29, pa 30 – 31, epim 36 – 38. Fore wing length 500. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 23 – 25, S 2 23 – 25, S 3 23 – 26. Pelta length 41, width 48. Tergite IX setae: S 1 67 – 68, S 2 25 – 27. Tube length 71, maximum width 38; terminal setae 181 – 183.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8AFFD8D980FC70FD90E472.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, about 20 km N from Kuala Lumpur, on dead branches, 11. viii. 1990, TN & SO. Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), collected together with holotype.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF8AFFD8D980FC70FD90E472.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on macropterous two females and one male taken from dead branches in Peninsular Malaysia, and has three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones on antennal segments III and IV respectively. It can easily be distinguished from other species that have the same sense cone formula by the bicolored pattern of the body, with the head, pterothorax and tube largely pale brown, in contrast to the rest of the largely yellowish body (Fig. 21).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF88FFD8D980FE72FD9AE69D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Bicolored yellow and brown; head and metathorax yellow, prothorax pale brown, mesothorax and abdomen largely yellow, but partly shaded with pale brown; all legs yellow; antennal segments I to III yellow, segments IV to VIII pale brown to brown. Antennal segment III extremely short; segment VIII slightly constricted at base; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets close together medially. Notopleural sutures complete. Mesopresternum divided into two lateral plates. Prospinasternum large, fan-shaped. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae 1.7 – 1.8 times as long as tube. Specimen-examined. Japan, holotype macropterous female and paratype micropterous three females and one male (see Okajima 2006, p. 391).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF88FFD6D980FC00FADDE472.taxon	description	(Figs 22, 110 – 115) Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.8 – 2.0 mm. Brown species (Fig. 22). All femora brown, almost concolorous with head; all tibiae pale brown, with apices yellowish; all tarsi yellow. Antennae largely brown, segment III yellowish brown, a little paler than segment IV, segments IV – VI pale brown to brown, gradually darkened distally, segment IV with extreme base yellowish. Major body setae pale. Head about 1.30 – 1.35 times as long as wide (Fig. 110), 1.33 times in holotype, widest across at the middle of cheeks; dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks sub-parallel, very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae a little shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 103 µm apart from each other, 11 – 12 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes relatively small, shorter than one-third of head length, 0.27 times in holotype. Ocelli small; posterior pair about 40 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.7 – 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII conical (Fig. 114), not constricted basally, widely fused to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment VII almost as long as III; segment IV the longest (Fig. 115), much longer than III; segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and two (1 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, close together, their distance less than one-fifth of head width, 24 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.7 – 0.8 times as long as head, 0.75 times in holotype, 1.46 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and pa subequal in length, ml longer than pa, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete or incomplete (left one complete but right one incomplete in holotype, and two paratype females also show similar condition). Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum reduced, divided into two lateral small triangle plates; prospinasternum relatively small, fan-shaped, about 30 µm wide in holotype (Fig. 112). Metanotum weakly sculptured anteriorly with reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm long, 51 µm apart from each other, 30 – 33 µm apart from anterior margin. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 113), with irregular lateral margins, sculptured weakly, 1.61 times as wide as long in holotype. Abdominal tergites III – V each with a posterior pair of wing-retaining setae somewhat developed. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, almost as long as tube or a little longer. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head, 0.59 times, 1.88 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae shorter than 2.0 times as long as tube, 1.7 – 1.8 times as long as tube in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1810 (distended). Head length 182, from anterior margin of eyes 171, width across eyes 130, maximum width across cheeks 137, minimum width across base 126; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 5 – 6; postocular setae 45. Maxillary bridge width 23. Antenna total length 320, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (27), 47 (30), 41 (27), 36 (25), 39 (24), 27 (14). Pronotum length 137, width 200. Setae on prothorax: aa 30 – 32, ml 40 – 43, pa 32, epim 42 – 43. Pelta length 62, width 100. Tergite IX setae: S 1 92 – 93, S 2 108 – 114. Tube length 107, maximum width 57; terminal setae 180 – 192. Male (microptera). Distended body length: 1.5 mm. Very similar to micropterous female in color and structure. Maxillary stylets wider apart (Fig. 111), a little wider than 1 / 4 head length. Abdominal tergites III – VI each with a posterior pair of wing-retaining setae rather developed. Tube 0.55 times as long as head. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1500 (distended). Head length 165, from anterior margin of eyes 153, width across eyes 115, maximum width across cheeks 119, minimum width across base 101; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 5 – 7; postocular setae 40. Maxillary bridge width 35. Antenna total length 290, segments III – VIII length as follows: 35, 41, 37, 35, 37, 23. Pronotum length 127, width 165. Setae on prothorax: aa 25, ml 35, pa 35, epim 35. Pelta length 52, width 82. Tergite IX setae: S 1 80 – 85, S 2 34 – 36. Tube length 91, maximum width 52; terminal setae 158 – 164.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF88FFD6D980FC00FADDE472.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: micropterous female, Taiwan, Taoyuan Hsien, Mt. Lala-shan, on dead leaves and branches, 19. viii. 1993, TN & SO. Paratypes: Taiwan, 2 females (mic.) and 1 male (mic.), collected together with holotype.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF88FFD6D980FC00FADDE472.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described base on micropterous three females and one male taken from dead leafy branches in mountainous area of Taiwan. It has one (0 + 1) and two (1 + 1) sense cones on antennal segments III and IV respectively, and is apparently somewhat similar to K. micrommatus sp. n. described below from Peninsular Malaysia and K. spinulus from Japan. However, this species has the S 1 setae on the abdominal tergite IX expanded and shorter than the tube, whereas those of micrommatus and spinulus are pointed and longer than the tube.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF86FFD5D980FE67FC7AE2AB.taxon	description	(Figs 23, 116 – 121) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.6 – 2.3 mm. Brown species (Fig. 23). Largely brown, but posterior portion of metathorax and abdomen somewhat paler than head and thorax; extreme base of tube paler (more yellowish in teneral individual). All femora brown with extreme apices yellowish; tibiae yellow, tinged with pale brown; tarsi yellow. Antenna brown, segment III yellow, segments I – II and IV – VIII pale brown to brown, segment II a little paler than segment I, segments IV – VIII gradually darkened distally, segment IV with base scarcely paler. Wings and major body setae pale. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 116), 1.51 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, about 110 µm apart from each other, 10 – 11 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head, 0.31 – 0.32 times in holotype. Ocelli relatively small; posterior pair 37 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head; segment VIII not constricted basally (Fig. 120), 0.60 – 0.63 times as long as VII; segment III scarcely narrowed basally (Fig. 121), a little longer than VII; segment IV the longest, a little longer than III; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and three (1 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance a little wider than one-fourth of head width, 40 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum a little longer than 0.7 times as long as head, 1.23 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; pa longer than aa, aa and ml subequal, epim the longest, almost as long as postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra longer than wide; mesopresternum transverse, boat-shaped; prospinasternum relatively small, less than 25 µm wide (Fig. 118). Metanotum almost smooth, but very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticules; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm in length or shorter, 47 µm apart from each other, 47 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 3 – 7 duplicated cilia, 5 – 6 in holotype; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 119), sculptured weakly, a little longer than wide. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, much longer than tube. Tube thickened at base, about half as long as head, 1.83 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae very long, much longer than 2.5 times as long as tube, 2.83 times in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2120 (distended). Head length 208, from anterior margin of eyes 195, width across eyes 135, maximum width across cheeks 138; eyes length 65 – 66, width 35 – 37; diameter of posterior ocelli 10 – 12; postocular setae 53 – 55. Antenna total length 330, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 46 (26), 50 (28), 43 (23), 39 (22), 42 (21), 26 (12). Pronotum length 157, width 193. Setae on prothorax: aa about 40, ml about 40, pa 45 – 47, epim 53 – 55. Fore wing length 670. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 36 – 37, S 2 38, S 3 40 – 42. Pelta length 85, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S 1 90, S 2 165 – 175. Tube length 106, maximum width 58; terminal setae about 300. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.3 – 1.6 mm. Very similar in color and structure to macropterous female. Maxillary stylets wider apart (Fig. 117), wider than 1 / 3 as wide as head. Metanotal sculpture a little stouter than that of female. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide. Fore wing with 3 – 5 duplicated cilia. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1550 (distended). Head length 170, from anterior margin of eyes 158, width across eyes 123, maximum width across cheeks 123; eyes length 58 – 59, width 32 – 36; diameter of posterior ocelli 10 – 12; postocular setae 43 – 47. Antenna total length 315, segments III – VIII length as follows: 42, 42, 40, 35, 38, 25. Pronotum length 130, width 167. Setae on prothorax: aa 35, ml 33, pa 35 – 38, epim 45 – 50. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 30 – 31, S 2 30 – 31, S 3 34 – 38. Pelta length 65, width 67. Tergite IX setae: S 1 80, S 2 35. Tube length 100, maximum width 47; terminal setae 275 – 280.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF86FFD5D980FE67FC7AE2AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, about 20 km N from Kuala Lumpur, Templer Park, on dead leaves and branches, 12. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, 4 males (mac.), Tapah, on dead leaves, 30. vii. 1976, SO; 2 females (mac.), same locality as holotype, on dead leaves, 13. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.), NE 13 km from Tapah, on dead leaves, 27. vii. 1976, SO. Non-paratypic specimens. Borneo, 1 female (mac.), Sabah, nr. Madai Cave, on dried twigs, 12. viii. 1979, Y. Yoshikawa; 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), Sabah, Jl. Kimanis, 15 km from Kimanis, on dead leaves and branches, 9. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Indonesia, Sulawesi, nr. Rantepao, Pedamaran, alt. about 1000 m, on dead leaves and branches, 1 female (mac.), 9. viii. 1984, 1 female (mac.), 12. viii. 1984, SO; 2 females (mac.), 15 km W from Palopo, Battang, alt about 450 m, on dead branches, 19. viii. 1984, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF86FFD5D980FE67FC7AE2AB.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on macropterous four females and four males collected from dead leafy branches in Peninsular Malaysia. It is somewhat similar to K. flavipes in having the same sense cone formula on antennal segments III and IV, and the transverse mesopresternum, but is peculiar in having very long terminal tube setae which are much more than 2.5 times as long as tube. Four females from Sulawesi and two females and one male from Borneo listed under the non-paratypic specimens may represent this species. Moreover, the prosternal basantra of this species are peculiar in shape, being a little longer than wide.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF84FFD3D980FF62FB52E1DA.taxon	description	(Figs 24, 122 – 127) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 2.2 – 2.3 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 24). Head, prothorax, mesothorax and tube brown, mesothorax scarcely paler than head, tube slightly paler at extreme base and apical half; metathorax and abdominal segment I largely yellow, but abdominal segment I weakly shaded laterally; abdominal segment II – VIII largely yellow, segment II shaded with brown medially and anterolaterally, segments III – VI shaded with brown medially, segment VII very weakly shaded medially; segment IX pale brown, with anterior portion yellow. Fore femora brown with apical half yellowish, mid and hind femora yellowish, scarcely shaded with pale brown; all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and IV – VIII brown, segment IV with extreme base yellowish; segments II and III yellow. Fore wing weakly shaded with pale brown, but with extreme base and apex pale; major body setae pale. Head about 1.33 times as long as wide (Fig. 122), dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 125 µm apart from each other, 15 – 17 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes largely developed, about 0.4 times as long as head, 0.38 times in holotype. Ocelli largely developed, posterior pair in contact with eyes, 18 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.7 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 126), distinctly constricted basally, narrowly fused to VII, about 0.74 times as long as VII in holotype; segment III longer than VII, almost as long as IV (Fig. 127); segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching eyes, about 1 / 4 of head width apart, 40 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.76 times as long as head (Fig. 123), 1.31 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae long and expanded; pa longer than aa, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra much wider than long; mesopresternum divided into lateral two triangle plates; prospinasternum large, rhomboid, 45 µm wide in holotype (Fig. 124). Metanotum very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, but longer than 20 µm, 25 – 30 µm long in holotype, 38 µm apart from each other, 60 – 67 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 7 – 9 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae relatively long and expanded, S 3 the longest, longer than postocular setae. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 125), sculptured weakly, about 1.2 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, much shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube longer than half of head length, 0.55 times as long as head in holotype, about 2.0 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.4 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2250 (distended). Head length 220, from anterior margin of eyes 202, width across eyes 165, maximum width across cheeks 165, minimum width across base 137; eyes length 84; diameter of posterior ocelli 18 – 25; postocular setae? 50. Maxillary bridge width 43. Antenna total length 370, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 52 (32), 52 (33), 45 (28), 42 (25), 43 (23), 32 (13). Pronotum length 168, width 220. Setae on prothorax: aa 58 – 60, ml 60 – 65, pa 65 – 68, epim 66 – 70. Fore wing length 810. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 40 – 45, S 2 57 – 60, S 3 65 – 70. Pelta length 88, width 105. Tergite IX setae: S 1 86 – 92, S 2 145. Tube length 120, maximum width 60; terminal setae 165 – 170. Male. Unknown.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF84FFD3D980FF62FB52E1DA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Indonesia, Sulawesi, Karaenta Forest Res., Maros to Camba, alt. about 400 m, on dead Palmae, 6. viii. 1984, SO. Paratype: Indonesia, Sulawesi, 1 female (mac.), collected together with holotype.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF84FFD3D980FF62FB52E1DA.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on two macropterous females taken from dead Palmae fronds in southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is peculiar in having large eyes which are about 0.4 times as long as the head (Fig. 122), but it could not be distinguished at genus level from the congeners by other character states. These two females were collected together with a good number of specimens of Crinitothrips amabilis, and it is possible that they were preying on them. Moreover, this species has the terminal tube setae somewhat shorter, about 1.4 times as long as tube, and apparently somewhat similar to Mesandrothrips (in part) species, but has the prosternal basantra and ferna situated far apart from each other (Fig. 124), and only two sense cones on antennal segment III.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF83FFD1D980FACFFDEAE346.taxon	description	(Figs 25, 128 – 133) Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.6 – 2.0 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 25). Head largely yellow, but brownish anteriorly; pro- and mesothorax, posterior portion of abdominal segment I, anterior half of abdominal segment II and tube brown; metathorax yellow, often tinged with pale brown; posterior half of abdominal segment II yellow, segments III – IX largely yellow, but segments III – VIII each with a median brown marking along antecostal suture, anterior segments shaded with brown anterolaterally. Fore femora brown with apical one-thirds yellowish, mid and hind femora yellowish, shaded with pale brown; all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segment I pale brown, segments IV – VIII brown, segments II and III yellow, often tinged with pale brown. Major body setae pale. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 128), 1.36 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, serrate. Postocular setae almost as long as eyes or a little longer, expanded at apex, about 90 µm apart from each other, 10 – 12 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about one-fourth of head length, 0.24 – 0.25 times as long as head in holotype. Ocelli reduced. Antennae about 1.9 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 132), weakly constricted basally, narrowly fused to VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III almost as long as segment VII; segment IV the longest (Fig. 133); segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, narrowly apart at middle, their distance about one-fifth of head width, or a little narrower, 20 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 1.48 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; ml shorter than aa, pa almost as long as epim, often longer than epim. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra much wider than long; mesopresternum divided into lateral two triangle plates; prospinasternum irregularly shaped, relatively large, about 40 µm wide in holotype (Fig. 130). Metanotum very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticules; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, but longer than 20 µm, 43 µm apart from each other, 35 – 36 µm apart from anterior margin. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 131), sculptured weakly, 1.18 times as wide as long in holotype. Abdominal tergites II – VII each with two pairs of small wing-retaining setae, but variable in shape and length. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, a little shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, a little longer than tube. Tube longer than half of head length, 0.55 times as long as head in holotype, 1.70 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube, 1.96 times in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1780 (distended). Head length 167, from anterior margin of eyes 156, width across eyes 114, maximum width across cheeks 122; eyes length 40 – 41; postocular setae 44. Maxillary bridge width 21. Antenna total length 320, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (25), 45 (27), 40 (25), 37 (21), 40 (20), 28 (11). Pronotum length 118, width 175. Setae on prothorax: aa 40 – 44, ml 30 – 36, pa 45 – 46, epim 47 – 50. Pelta length 68, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S 1 82 – 84, S 2 about 100. Tube length 92, maximum width 54; terminal setae 180. Non-paratypic female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 2.1 mm. Color very similar to micropterous female; fore wing shaded with grayish brown, but basal 1 / 5 paler. Head 1.47 times as long as wide (Fig. 129); eyes about 1 / 3 of head width; ocelli well developed, posterior pair in contact with eyes, 21 µm apart from each other. Metanotum sculptured medially with longitudinal reticulation, median pair of setae 27 – 31 µm in length, 40 µm apart from each other, 46 – 47 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 5 – 6 duplicated cilia; sub-basal setae expanded, S 3 elongate. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2100 (distended). Head length 202, from anterior margin of eyes 188, width across eyes 133, maximum width across cheeks 137; eyes length 66; diameter of posterior ocelli 13 – 16; postocular setae 45. Maxillary bridge width 33. Antenna total length 345, segments III – VIII length as follows: 45, 50, 42, 42, 42, 28. Pronotum length 137, width 188. Setae on prothorax: aa 40 – 43, ml about 40, pa 47 – 50, epim 56 – 58. Fore wing length 760. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 45, S 2?, S 3 57 – 64. Pelta length 68, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S 1 83 – 84, S 2 122 – 130. Tube length 102, maximum width 57; terminal setae?. Male. Unknown.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF83FFD1D980FACFFDEAE346.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: micropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 27. viii. 1990, TN & SO. Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, 2 females (mic.), collected together with holotype; 6 females (mic.), same locality and habitat, 25. viii. 1990; 2 females (mic.), foot of Gnung Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 26. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mic.), nr. Tanah Rata, Robinson water fall, on dead leaves and branches, 28. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 2 females (mic.), foot of Gnung Jasar, on unknown plant (? Poaceae), 29. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 3 females (mic.), foot of Gnung Jasar, on dead leaves and branches, 29. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mic.), nr. Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 30. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 2 females (mic.), Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18. ix. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mic.), Fraser’s Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Non-paratypic specimens. Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Bedugul, 1250 m alt., 1 female (mac.) and 2 females (mic.), habitat uncertain, 10. viii. 2005, 1 female (mac.) and 2 females (mic.), on dead branches with moss, 12. iii. 2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Jatiluwih, Peteli Temple, 915 m alt., 19. viii. 2005, SO; 1 female (mic.), Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur, 780 m alt., habitat uncertain, 4. ix. 2005, SO; 1 female (mic.), data very similar to above, but 4. ix. 2006; 2 females (mic.), Tabanan, Batu Sesa, 1250 m alt., 14. viii. 2006, SO; Buleleng, Yehketipat, 1410 – 1550 m alt., 1 female (mac.) and 6 females (mic.), habitat uncertain, 8. iii. 2005, 3 females (mic.), on dead branches, 12. viii. 2005, SO. Doubtful-specimens. Indonesia, Bali, 1 female (mic.), Tabanan, Batu Sesa, 1270 m alt., habitat uncertain, 14. viii. 2005, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF83FFD1D980FACFFDEAE346.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on several micropterous females and males collected from the mountainous area of Peninsular Malaysia, and is very similar to K. submaculatus sp. n. from Taiwan described below. However, it is easily distinguished by having the head largely yellow but shaded anteriorly with brown (uniformly brown in submaculatus) and antennal segment IV with four (2 + 2 + 1) major sense cones (with two (1 + 1 + 1) in submaculatus). Despite the sense cone formula being dissimilar, these two species may be closely related. Moreover, both of them were collected mainly from dead leaves and branches of ever-green trees, not from bamboo or grasses. The macropterous and micropterous females collected from mountainous area of Bali Is., listed in the non-paratypic specimens may represent this species. Moreover, one macropterous female and eight micropterous females among these have the heads entirely brown and very similar to submaculatus in appearance, whereas they have four major sense cones on antennal segment IV instead of two. Therefore, there is a slight possibility that these specimens may represent a distinct species.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF81FFCFD980F933FD54E6B2.taxon	description	(Figs 3, 26 – 27, 134 – 139)	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF81FFCFD980F933FD54E6B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Bicolored species (Figs 26 & 27); head, thorax and abdominal segment IX and tube brown, often segment VIII tinged with brown; fore femora, brown with apical half yellowish, often paler; antennal segment I pale brown, segments II – V yellow, VI – VIII pale brown to brown. Antennal segment VIII, conical (Fig. 138), not constricted basally; antennal segments III and IV each with two sense cones. Maxillary stylets close together, 18 – 22 µm apart. Notopleural sutures incomplete. Mesopresternum not divided, narrowly boat-shaped. Tergite IX S 1 setae pointed, about 1.3 times as long as tube or longer; terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube. Male very similar to female, but abdominal segment VIII darker (Fig 27). Specimens-examined (There are numerous females and a few males in TUA collection, and these are a part of them. All specimens are macropterae). Australia, 3 females and 1 male, Queensland, Brisbane, Indooroopilly, QDPI, on grass, 7. iii. 2006, SO. Indonesia, 3 females, Bali Is., Candi Kuning, alt. about 1200 m, on grass, 26. vii. 1984, SO; 7 females and 1 male, Java Is., Melanting, Wono-koyo, ca 1150 m alt. on grass, 23. viii. 2005; 3 females, Flores Is., Ende, Nduaria, 1084 m alt., on dead branches, 22. viii. 2006, SO. Singapore, Macritchie Park, on Palmae fronds, 3 females, 22. vii. 1976, 1 female, 23. vii. 1976, 2 females, 3. viii. 1976, SO. Peninsular Malaysia, Tapah, 1 female on grass, 1 female on dead leaves, 25. vii. 1976, 1 female on dead leaves, 28. vii. 1976, SO. Thailand, 3 females, Doi Suthep, 500 m alt., on grass, 8. viii. 1976, SO; Phuket Is., 2 females on Palmae fronds, 18. vii. 1976, 2 females on bamboo, 19. viii. 1976, SO. Vietnam, 11 females, Hoa Binh Prov., Hoa Binh, on bamboo, 6. iii. 2000, SO; 5 females, Hatay Prov., Mt. Bavi, on bamboo, 29. vii. 2000, SO; 1 female, Haquang Dist., Cao Ban Prov., on bamboo, 3. viii. 2000, SO; Lam Dong Prov., 2 females, nr. Tuyen Lam Lake, Da Lat, Ward 3, 22. xii. 2001, 1 female, Finom Ward, Don Duong, on bamboo, 25. xii. 2001, 1 female, same locality and datta as above, but on leaves of Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 3 females, Bao Loc, Mam Bri, 27. xii. 2001, same locality as above, on grass, 22. viii. 2007, SO; 1 female, Thua Thien Hue Prov., Phu Loc Dist., Bach Ma Nat. Park, on bamboo, 14. viii. 2007, SO; 1 female, Ninh Thuan Prov. Lam Son Dist., Root 27 (Pass 1), 23. viii. 2007, SO. The Philippines, 1 female, Mindanao Is., Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300 m, on half dead grass, 1. vii. 1979, SO. Taiwan, Pintung Hsien, Kenting Nat. Park, on grass, 2 females, 26. v. 1972, 4 females and 1 male, 18. iii. 1984, 10 females, 19. iii. 1984, on dead branches, 1 female, 19. iii. 1984, SO; Kaohsiung Hsien, Liukuei, on dead leaves and branches, 3 females, 4. ix. 1993, SO, on dead leaves and branches, 4 females and 1 male, 5. ix. 1993, TN & SO; Chiai Hsien, Kuantzulin, on grass, 5 females, 22. viii. 1993, TN & SO; Taitung Hsien, Chihpen, on bamboo, 1 female, 10. ix. 1993, TN & SO. Japan, many females from both temperate and subtropical areas (see Okajima 2006, p. 393).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9FFFCDD980FC27FECFE7B6.taxon	description	(Figs 140 – 145)	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9FFFCDD980FC27FECFE7B6.taxon	description	Eight macropterous females collected from Bali Is., Indonesia, listed below are now identified as this species. Especially, their bicolored body color is characteristic, but is very similar to K. flavescens sp. n. described above from Vietnam. However, flavescens has only two (1 + 1 + 1) major sense cones on antennal segment IV. Moreover, there are some small differences from the original description that require further observation. In addition, there is one macropterous female collected from the Philippines listed in the doubtful-specimens that may represent this species, but has the mid femora weakly shaded with brown. Furthermore, there is a possibility that this female has three (1 + 2) sense cones on antennal segment III, but these sense cones are too small and very difficult to confirm. The full description of this species is given below based on specimens from Bali, because the original description is insufficient for the present study. Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.6 – 2.2 mm. Bicolored species. Largely yellow, but anterior portion of head, mesothorax, lateral portion of abdominal segment I, anterior half of abdominal segment II and tube brown, tube with base yellowish; head often largely brownish (Fig. 141); the rest of body largely yellow, but abdominal segments III – VIII each with a median brown marking along antecostal suture. Legs yellow. Antennal segment I pale brown, segments IV – VIII pale brown to brown, gradually darkened distally, segment IV with extreme base yellowish, segments II and III yellow, but segment III scarcely shaded distally. Major body setae pale. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Figs 140 & 141), widest across cheeks just behind eyes, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 98 µm apart from each other, 10 – 15 µm apart from eyes. Eyes a little shorter than 0.4 times as long as head. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 17 µm apart from each other. Antennae 1.64 times as long as head; segment VIII distinctly constricted basally (Fig. 144), narrowly fused to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III longer than segment VII; segments III and IV subequal in length (Fig. 145); segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching eyes, close together medially, their distance about 1 / 6 of head width; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.6 times as long as head (Fig. 141), about 1.4 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; pa a little longer than aa, aa and ml subequal, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral small triangle plates; prospinasternum large, 45 µm wide (Fig. 142). Metanotum weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, 20 – 26 µm in length, 31 µm apart from each other, 55 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 143), with irregular lateral margins, sculptured weakly, almost as long as wide. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, almost as long as tube, or a little longer. Tube 0.53 times as long as head, about 2.0 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (macropterous female in µm). Body length 2170 (distended). Head length 207, from anterior margin of eyes 195, width across eyes 140, maximum width across cheeks 140, minimum width across base 115; eyes length 80; diameter of posterior ocelli 13 – 18; postocular setae 40 – 43. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 340, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 48 (27), 49 (27), 42 (23), 40 (21), 42 (20), 29 (12). Pronotum length 130, width 180. Setae on prothorax: aa 35 – 40, ml 40 – 43, pa 42 – 48, epim 65 – 70. Fore wing length 760; sub-basal setae S 1 43, S 2 50, S 3 53. Pelta length 85, width 85. Tergite IX setae: S 1 80, S 2 113. Tube length 110, maximum width 56; terminal setae 215. Male. Not available in this study. Specimens-examined. Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur, 755 m alt., habitat unceratain, 2 females (mac.), 11. viii. 2006, 1 female (mac.), 2. ix. 2006, 2 females (mac.), 3. ix. 2006, SO; data very similar to above, but 780 m alt., 1 female (mac.), 14. iii. 2005, 1 female (mac.), 2. ix. 2005, 3 females (mac.), 4. ix. 2005, 2 females (mac.), 11. viii. 2006, SO. Doubtful-specimen. The Philippines, Luzon, 1 female (mac.), Bicol National Park, on dead branches, 13. viii. 1979, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9DFFCBD980FD23FC3DE696.taxon	description	(Figs 28, 146 – 151) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.54 mm. Brown species (Fig. 28). All femora brown, almost concolorous with head or a little paler; all tibiae yellowish, shaded with pale brown. Antennal segments I and VI – VIII brown, segment I slightly paler than head, segments II and III brownish yellow, segments IV and V brownish yellow to yellowish brown, gradually darkened distally. Fore wings scarcely shaded with pale brown; major body setae pale. Head 1.27 times as long as wide (Fig. 146), widest across cheeks at level of behind postocular setae, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks rounded, serrate. Postocular setae longer than eyes, expanded at apex, about 93 µm apart from each other, 13 – 15 µm apart from eyes. Eyes small, about 0.23 times as long as head. Ocelli small, posterior pair 32 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.9 times as long as head; segment VIII conical (Fig. 150), wide based, not constricted basally, widely fused to VII, about 0.6 times as long as VII; segments III and IV subequal in length (Fig. 151); segment VII the longest; segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and two (1 + 1) sense cones respectively, sometimes segment III with two (1 + 1) sense cones, but inner sense cone very small. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, their distance about 1 / 6 of head width, 20 µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.77 times as long as head, 1.46 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded, relatively long; aa and ml subequal in length, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum reduced, divided into lateral two small triangle plates; prospinasternum largely developed, inverted triangle, more than 50 µm in width (Fig. 148). Metanotum almost smooth; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm, 52 µm apart from each other, 35 – 38 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing without duplicated cilia; two sub-basal setae, S 1 and S 2, developed and expanded, but S 3 reduced or vestigial. Pelta much wider than long (Fig. 149), almost trapezoid with irregular lateral margins, sculptured weakly, 1.96 times as wide as long. Abdominal tergites II – VII each with only one pair of wing-retaining setae. Tergite IX S 1 setae sharply pointed, much longer than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, a little longer than S 1. Tube 0.57 times as long as head, 1.69 times as long as wide. Terminal setae a little longer than 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1540 (distended). Head length 152, from anterior margin of eyes 144, width across eyes 113, maximum width across cheeks 120; eyes length 35; diameter of posterior ocelli 5 – 6; postocular setae 38 – 40. Maxillary bridge width 21. Antenna total length 290, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 37 (23), 38 (25), 38 (23), 35 (21), 43 (20), 26 (12). Pronotum length 117, width 171. Setae on prothorax: aa 35, ml? 35, pa 40 – 42, epim 43 – 45. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 35, S 2 42 – 43, S 3 reduced. Pelta length 47, width 92. Tergite IX setae: S 1 120 – 130, S 2 130 – 135. Tube length 86, maximum width 51; terminal setae 182 – 185. Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.5 – 1.7 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Abdominal tergites without wing-retaining setae. Measurements (paratype micropterous female in µm). Body length 1530 (distended). Head length 171, from anterior margin of eyes 157, width across eyes 110, maximum width across cheeks 118; eyes length 42; diameter of posterior ocelli less than 3; postocular setae 43. Maxillary bridge width 23. Antenna total length 292, segments III – VIII length as follows: 35, 34, 35, 36, 42, 25. Pronotum length 121, width 168. Setae on prothorax: aa 40, ml 38, pa 43 – 45, epim 47. Pelta length 45, width 88. Tergite IX setae: S 1 120 – 123, S 2 138. Tube length 88, maximum width 52; terminal setae 183. Male. Unknown.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9DFFCBD980FD23FC3DE696.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, 6 females (mic.), collected together with holotype; 1 female (mic.), same locality as holotype, yellow pan trap, 15. iii. 2006, T. Mita; 1 female (mic.), Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 1 female (mic.), 25. viii. 1990, 2 female (mic.), 27. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 6 females (mic.), Cameron Highland, foot of Gnung Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 26. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 7 females (mic.), Cameron Highland, nr. Tanah Rata, Robinson water fall, on dead leaves and branches, 28. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 10 females (mic.), Cameon Highland, nr. Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 30. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 2 females (mic.), Cameron Highland (Path 3), Pahang, fogging, 15. vii. 2003, H. Kojima; Fraser’s Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 1 female (mic.), 13. ix. 1990, 1 female (mic.), 14. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Borneo, Sabah, about 3 km N from Kundasang, 3 females (mic.), on dead leaves and branches, 6. ix. 1990, 1 female (mic.), on moss, 7. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Indonesia, Sulawesi, 4 females (mic.), 11 km E from Malino, Kanreapia, alt. about 1500 m, on dead branches, 2. viii. 1984, SO; 1 female (mic.), nr. Rantepao, Pedamaran, alt. about 1000 m, on dead leaves and branches, 14. viii. 1984, SO. Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, Bedugul, 1250 m alt., 1 female (mic.), on dead branches, 9. iii. 2005, 3 females (mic.), habitat uncertain, 10. iii. 2005, SO; 4 females (mic.), Tabanan, Bukit Catu, Mt. Pohen, 1430 m alt., on dead leaves and branches, 10. iii. 2005, SO; Buleleng, Yehketipat ,, ca 1470 m alt., 20 females (mic.), habitat uncertain, 8. iii. 2005, 1 female (mac.), on dead leaves and branches, 12. viii. 2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Soka, on dead branches, 13. viii. 2005, SO. The Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300 m, 1 female (mic.), on dead branches, 30. vii. 1979, 1 female (mic.), on half dead grass, 31. vii. 1979, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9DFFCBD980FD23FC3DE696.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on three macropterous females and a good number of micropterous females collected from several Southeast Asian countries. It apparently resembles K. spinulus from the temperate area of Japan in having antennal segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and two (1 + 1) sense cones respectively and the abdominal tergite IX S 1 setae sharply pointed. However, micrommatus has the major setae on the head and prothorax distinctly expanded at apices and the terminal tube setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube, whereas spinulus has the setae on the head and prothorax nearly pointed or blunt at apices, at least not distinctly expanded, and the terminal setae much shorter than 2.0 times as long as tube. Moreover, antennal segment III often has two (1 + 1) sense cones in micrommatus, with the inner one very small. From K. apoensis sp. n. from Mindanao, the Philippines, that has two (1 + 1) sense cones on antennal segments III and IV, and tergite IX S 1 setae pointed, it can be distinguished by the longer tube and terminal setae and the wider apart maxillary stylets. Moreover, it is characteristic in having only the posterior pair of wing-retaining setae on tergites II – VII and no fore wing duplicated cilia in macropterae. Similar structures are found in K. yoshi from Japan, but these two are undoubtedly not closely related. This species was collected from dead leaves and branches in the mountainous area.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9BFFCBD980FC03FC00E359.taxon	description	Diagnos is. Bicolorous species; head, thorax and tube brown, abdomen yellow, but posterior half of segment IX brown; fore femora brown with apices yellow, fore tibiae yellowish brown; antennal segments I and IV – VIII brown, segment II yellowish at apical half, segment III yellow. Antennal segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and three (1 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets 1 / 5 – 1 / 4 of head width apart. Notopleural sutures complete. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, almost as long as tube. Tube a little shorter than 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae about 1.3 times as long as tube.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9BFFCAD980F94EFEC9E4E2.taxon	description	(Figs 152 – 158)	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF9BFFCAD980F94EFEC9E4E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Bicolorous species (Fig. 152); head, prothorax and tube brown, the rest of body largely yellow; legs yellow, but fore femora brownish in male; antennal segments I – II and VII – VIII brown, III – VI yellow. Antennal segment VIII conical (Fig. 156), not constricted basally; segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and three (1 + 2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets about one-fifth of head width apart (Fig. 153). Notopleural sutures complete or almost complete. Mesopresternum reduced, divided into two lateral triangular plates; prospinasternum large. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, longer than tube. Tube (Fig. 154) a little longer than 0.5 times as long as head; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. India, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), Palghat, on bamboo, 28. ix. 1965, T. N. Ananthakrishnan.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF99FFC8D980FF62FD27E5E6.taxon	description	(Figs 29, 164 – 169) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.5 – 1.7 mm. Brown species (Fig. 29). All femora brown, almost concolorous with head or a little paler; all tibiae shaded with pale brown, hind tibiae with apices yellowish. Antennal segments I and VII – VIII brown, concolorous with head, segment II brown, a little paler externally, segment III yellow, often scarcely shaded with brown, segments IV – VI brownish yellow to brown, gradually darkened distally, segments IV and V with bases yellowish. Forewings and major body setae pale. Head 1.45 times as long as wide in holotype (Fig. 164), widest across cheeks at level of postocular setae, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, about 95 µm apart from each other, 15 – 16 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head, 0.29 times as long as head in holotype. Ocelli relatively small, posterior pair slightly separated from eyes, 28 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.7 times as long as head; segment VIII conical (Fig. 168), wide based, not constricted basally, widely fused to VII, 0.56 times as long as VII in holotype; segment III shorter than segment VII; segment IV the longest (Fig. 169); segments III and IV each with two (1 + 1) and (1 + 1 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, their distance about one-fourth of head width, or a little narrower, 28 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge distinct. Pronotum about 0.6 times as long as head, 1.65 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, epim the longest. Notopleural sutures incomplete, but often nearly complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into lateral two triangle plates; prospinasternum irregularly shaped, inverted triangle, relatively large, about 50 µm wide in holotype (Fig. 166). Metanotum almost smooth; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm, 28 µm apart from each other, 37 – 40 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing without duplicated cilia; sub-basal setae expanded, subequal in length. Pelta trapezoid or nearly bell-shaped (Fig. 167), sculptured weakly, 1.09 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, much longer than tube. Tube longer than half of head length, a little shorter than half as long as head, 0.47 times in holotype, 1.75 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae a little longer than 2.0 times as long as tube, 2.21 times in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1500 (distended). Head length 178, from anterior margin of eyes 165, width across eyes 120, maximum width across cheeks 123; eyes length 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 9 – 12; postocular setae 37 – 38. Maxillary bridge width 33. Antenna total length 310, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 38 (25), 42 (26), 39 (23), 35 (21), 41 (19), 23 (15). Pronotum length 103, width 170. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml about 30, pa 33 – 34, epim 40. Fore wing length 550. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 25 – 27, S 2 27 – 28, S 3 25 – 29. Pelta length 58, width 63. Tergite IX setae: S 1 67 – 68, S 2 145 – 147. Tube length 84, maximum width 48; terminal setae 186. Male (macroptera). Body length about 1.0 mm, but this male is not distended. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 165). Antennal segment VII longer than segment IV, about 0. 6 times as long as segment VII. Terminal tube setae about 0.3 times as long as tube. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1020 (not distended). Head length 159, from anterior margin of eyes 152, width across eyes 110, maximum width across cheeks 115; eyes length 50; diameter of posterior ocelli 10 – 12; postocular setae 35. Maxillary bridge width 42. Antenna total length 290, segments III – VIII length as follows: 36, 39, 39, 34, 42, 25. Pronotum length 93, width 155. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml about 30, pa 30, epim 40. Fore wing length 530. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 28 – 30, S 2 30, S 3 30. Pelta length 48, width 55. Tergite IX setae: S 1 63 – 65, S 2 23 – 24. Tube length 75, maximum width 43; terminal setae 172.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF99FFC8D980FF62FD27E5E6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Thailand, Hadyai (= Hatyai), on dead leaves and branches, 28. viii. 1991, TN & SO. Paratypes: Thailand, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), collected together with holotype; Phuket Is., Phuket Hill, on bamboo, 9. ix. 1992, TN & SO. Vietnam, 1 femle (mac.), Lam Dong Prov., Bao Loc, Bam Bri, 27. xii. 2001, SO; 1 female (mac.), Nghe An Prov., Thanh Chuong District, Thanh An, Cau Cau, ca 40 m alt., 9. viii. 2007, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF99FFC8D980FF62FD27E5E6.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on four female and one male macropterae taken from dead leafy branches in southern Thailand and Vietnam. It has antennal segment III swollen sub-basally and segment IV with two major sense cones, a combination of features that is shared with K. acutus sp. n. from Thailand and Taiwan described above, also K. inflatus from the subtropical region of Japan. From acutus it is easily distinguished by having the tergite IX S 1 setae with expanded apices. From inflatus it is also easily distinguished by the shape of the antennal segments II and III and shorter tube. Moreover, although both acutus and inflatus have duplicated cilia on the fore wing, oppositus has no duplicated cilia.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF98FFC7D980F9ABFBDDE70E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark brown species; femora dark brown with extreme apices yellowish, tibiae yellow; antennal segments I and V – VIII dark brown, segment II yellowish brown, segment III yellow, segment IV brown with base yellowish. Antennal segment VIII conical, not constricted basally; segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets relatively wider apart, wider than one-third of head width apart. Notopleural sutures complete; mesopresternum not divided, boat-shaped; prospinasternum small. Tergite IX S 1 setae pointed, a little shorter than tube, S 2 longer than tube. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae 1.6 – 1.7 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype females and paratype females and males from the Ogasawara Islands (see Okajima 2006, p. 396). Doubtful-specimens. Japan, 1 male, Kanagawa-ken, Kawasaki-shi, Mukogaoka, on dead leaves and branches, 15. vii. 1989, SO. Australia, 1 female and 1 male, Queensland, Brisbane, Indooroopilly, QDPI, on dead leaves and branches, 7. iii. 2006, SO; 1 female, data very similar to above, but on dead branches.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF97FFC7D980FD7BFB6AE0E9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Yellow species (Fig. 158): body largely yellow, but mesonotum and anterior portion of abdominal segment II very weakly tinged with brown; antennal segments I – IV yellow, V pale brown at apical half, yellowish at basal half, segments VI – VIII Antennal segment VIII conical (Fig. 162), not constricted basally; segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and two (1 + 1) or three (1 + 2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets narrower than one-fifth of head width apart (Fig. 159). Notopleural sutures complete. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 setae pointed, longer than tube. Tube (Fig. 160) about 0.5 times as long as head, or a little longer; terminal setae about 1.6 times as long as tube. Specimen-examined. India, 1 female (? apt.) Madras, on grass, 2. ii. 1966, T. N. Ananthakrishnan.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF97FFC5D980F9DEFE72E60A.taxon	description	(Figs 30, 170 – 175) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 2.4 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 30). Head, thorax and tube brown, prothorax and pterothorax darkened medially, tube paler at base; abdominal segment I yellow, segments II – VII yellow, each with large brown marking at middle, segments VIII – IX pale brown, yellowish anterolaterally. Fore femora brown, paler than head, yellowish at apical one-third, mid and hind femora pale brown, yellow at apical half; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and V – VIII brown, segments II and III yellowish, segment II very weakly shaded with brown, segment III weakly shaded with brown at apical half; segment IV pale brown, yellowish at basal one-third. Fore wings scarcely shaded with brown medially; major body setae pale. Head 1.38 times as long as wide (Fig. 170), dorsal surface almost smooth, but with a few transverse striae between postocular setae. Cheeks almost straight, very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae almost as long as eyes, or a little shorter, expanded at apex, 147 µm apart from each other, 24 – 25 µm apart from eyes. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively well developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 36 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.75 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 174), scarcely constricted at base, narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.78 times as long as VII; segment VII much shorter than III; segment IV the longest (Fig. 175); segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Condition of maxillary stylets uncertain, because they are bringing out from the head, but close together medially, may be about one-fourth of head width apart; maxillary bridge weak, about one-fourth of head width. Pronotum 0.8 times as long as head, 133 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa shorter than pa, pa and epim subequal in length, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long, inner margin strongly sclerotized; mesopresternum not divided, anterior margin shaped an arc, very narrow at middle; prospinasternum very small, less than 20 µm wide (Fig. 171). Metanotum weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation (Fig. 172); median pair of setae weak, short and acute, more than 20 µm in length, 53 µm apart from each other, 63 – 68 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 2 longer than S 1, S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 173), almost as long as wide, sculptured weakly. Tergite IX S 1 setae blunt, almost pointed, longer than tube, S 2 setae sharply pointed, longer than S 1. Tube about 0.63 times as long as head, 2.11 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube, or a little shorter. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2370 (distended). Head length 240, from anterior margin of eyes 224, width across eyes 168, maximum width across cheeks 174, minimum width across base 150; eyes length 75; diameter of posterior ocelli 18 – 20; postocular setae 68 – 75. Maxillary bridge width 45. Antenna total length 420, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 57 (36), 62 (37), 47 (28), 45 (25), 47 (23), 37 (12). Pronotum length 192, width 256. Setae on prothorax: aa 60 – 65, ml 75, pa 80 – 83, epim 80 – 84. Fore wing length 860. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 50 – 51, S 2 62 – 65, S 3 70. Pelta length 98, width 95. Tergite IX setae: S 1 165 – 167, S 2 180. Tube length 152, maximum width 72; terminal setae? 220. Male. Unknown.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF97FFC5D980F9DEFE72E60A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Borneo, Sabah, JL. Kimanis, 15 km from Kimanis, on dead leaves and branches, 9. ix. 1990, TN & SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF97FFC5D980F9DEFE72E60A.taxon	discussion	Comments. This bicolored species is described based on a unique holotype macropterous female, but it is easily distinguished from the congeners by the combination of the following features: antennal segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively; postocular setae almost as long as eyes; prospinasternum small; mesopresternum undivided, but very narrow at middle; pelta almost as long as wide; tergite IX S 1 setae blunt, almost pointed; tube longer than 0.6 times as long as head; terminal tube setae about 1.5 times as long as tube. This species was collected from dead leafy branches. It is somewhat intermediate between Karnyothrips and Mesandrothrips (in part), but has the prosternal basantra and ferna widely separated. The specific name is dedicated to the late Brian R. Pitkin, and this study could not be accomplished without his work on this group of insects.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF95FFC3D980FC8AFBE5E60A.taxon	description	Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.9 mm. Brown species (Fig. 31). Intermediate abdominal segments a little paler than head, anterior portion of each segment slightly paler. All femora brown, with apices yellowish; fore tibiae yellowish, slightly tinged with pale brown, mid and hind tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow. Antennae largely brown, segments I and IV – VIII brown; segment II brown, slightly paler distally; segment III brownish yellow, with basal half yellow. Fore wings slightly shaded with brown distally; major body setae pale. Head 1.56 times as long as wide (Fig. 176), widest at the middle, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 101 µm apart from each other, 14 – 15 µm apart from eyes. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small, posterior pair slightly separated from eyes, 37 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.6 times as long as head; segment VIII scarcely constricted at extreme base (Fig. 180), narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.64 times as long as VII; segment VII a little shorter than III; segment IV the longest (Fig. 181); segment III usually with two (1 + 1) sense cones, but rarely with three (1 + 2), segment IV with four, (2 + 2 + 1) or (2 + 2), major sense cones. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance about one-fifth of head width, 25 µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum 0.65 times as long as head, 1.28 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; ml and pa subequal in length, aa a little shorter than pa, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum relatively small, fan-shaped, 35 µm wide in holotype (Fig. 178). Metanotum very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm in length, 47 µm apart from each other, 43 – 45 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 2 a little shorter than S 1, S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 179), relatively wide, sculptured weakly, about 1.38 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 setae sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube about 0.48 times as long as head, 1.83 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube, or a little longer. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1900 (distended). Head length 200, from anterior margin of eyes 184, width across eyes 122, maximum width across cheeks 128, minimum width across base 106; eyes length 58; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 12; postocular setae 40. Maxillary bridge width 33. Antenna total length 320, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (24), 45 (25), 40 (22), 35 (21), 39 (20), 25 (11). Pronotum length 130, width 166. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml 35, pa 34 – 35, epim 50. Fore wing length 660. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 30 – 33, S 2 28 – 30, S 3 37. Pelta length 63, width 87. Tergite IX setae: S 1 70 – 75, S 2 115. Tube length 95, maximum width 52; terminal setae 190 – 195. Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.8 – 1.9 mm. very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide, widest at the level of postocular setae; antennal segment VII a little longer than III; maxillary stylets relatively wider apart, their distance one-fourth of head width. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head. Pelta somewhat wider, 1.4 – 1.6 times as wide as long. Abdominal tergites II – VII each with two pairs of wing-retaining setae. Tube about half as long as head; terminal setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube, usually more than 2.1 times as long as tube. Measurements (paratype micropterous female in µm). Body length 1850 (distended). Head length 186, from anterior margin of eyes 173, width across eyes 120, maximum width across cheeks 123, minimum width across base 102; eyes length 54; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 10; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 37. Antenna total length 313, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 36 (25), 43 (26), 37 (23), 36 (20), 39 (19), 26 (11). Pronotum length 128, width 158. Setae on prothorax: aa 25, ml? 23, pa 35, epim 47 – 48. Pelta length 58, width 90. Tergite IX setae: S 1 72 – 73, S 2 115 – 120. Tube length 92, maximum width 51; terminal setae 198. Male (microptera). Distended body length: 1.4 – 1.7 mm. Very similar to micropterous female in color and structure. Maxillary stylets somewhat wider apart (Fig. 177), their distance about one-third of head width. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 178, from anterior margin of eyes 168, width across eyes 112, maximum width across cheeks 116, minimum width across base 95; eyes length 53; diameter of posterior ocelli 7 – 12; postocular setae 35 – 37. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 305, segments III – VIII length as follows: 38, 42, 37, 36, 39, 24. Pronotum length 124, width 155. Setae on prothorax: aa 32, ml 35, pa 38 – 40, epim 47 – 49. Pelta length 56, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S 1 about 60, S 2 30. Tube length 87, maximum width 48; terminal setae 180.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF95FFC3D980FC8AFBE5E60A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Taitung Hsien, Chihpen, on dead wood, 10. ix. 1993, TN & SO. Paratypes: Taiwan, 1 female (mac.), 6 females (mic.) and 14 males (mic.), collected together with holotype; 1 female (mic.) and 1 male (mic.), same locality as holotype, on fungus, 5. ix. 1993, TN; 4 females (mic.) and 2 males (mic.), Kaohsiung Hsien, Liukuei, on dead branches, 5. ix. 1993, TN & SO; 1 female (mic.) and 1 male (mic.), Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead leaves and branches, 30. iii. 1984, SO; 2 males (mic.), Chiai Hsien, Kuantzulin, on dead leaves and branches, 1. iv. 1993, TN & SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF95FFC3D980FC8AFBE5E60A.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on two macropterous females and a good number of micropterous females and males collected on dead wood and dead leafy branches in Taiwan. It is very similar to K. formosanus sp. n. also from Taiwan described above in general structures. However, formosanus has mid and hind tibiae tinged with brown and antennal segment III weakly swollen sub-basally (Fig. 97), whereas quadriconus has mid and hind tibiae yellow and antennal segment III not swollen (Fig. 181). It is also very similar to K. simpliceps sp. n. described from Peninsular Malaysia. However, quadriconus has antennal segment IV with four major sense cones, (2 + 2) or (2 + 2 + 1), whereas simpliceps has three major sense cones, (1 + 2). Moreover, it is very interesting that in this species antennal segment III usually has two (1 + 1) sense cones, but rarely has three (1 + 2) sense cones. Even in the holotype female, the right antennal segment III has three sense cones despite the left one has two.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF93FFC2D980FC7FFDA5E42E.taxon	description	(Fig. 32, 182 – 187)	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF93FFC2D980FC7FFDA5E42E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dark brown species with somewhat large body (Fig. 32); femora dark brown with extreme apices yellowish, tibiae yellow; antennal segments I and VI – VIII dark brown, segment II pale brown with apex yellow, segment III yellow, segment IV brown with base yellowish, segment V brown with extreme base yellowish. Antennal segment VIII weakly constricted basally (Fig. 186); segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets about one-fourth of head width apart (Fig. 182 & 183). Notopleural sutures complete; mesopresternum not divided, boat-shaped; prospinasternum small (Fig. 184). Metanotum distinctly sculptured with reticulation. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, a little shorter than tube, S 2 pointed, much longer than tube. Tube about 0.6 times as long as head; terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype females and paratype females and males, non-paratypic females and males (see Okajima 2006, p. 397 – 398). Indonesia, Bali, 3 females (mac.) and 6 males (mic.), Kuta (sea level), on dead leaves and branches, 30. viii. 1984, SO. Thailand, 1 female (mac.), Phuket Is., on dead branches, 19. viii. 1976, SO; 1 female (mac.) and 5 males (mic.), Phuket Is., Rang Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 14. ix. 1992, SO; Bangkok, Bangkhen, Campus of Kasetsart University, NBCRC, on dead branches of Bougainvillea, 28. xii. 1987, SO. Vietnam, 1 male (mac.), Lam Dong Prov., Bao Loc, Dam Bri, 27. xii. 2001, SO; 1 female (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), Dong Nai Prov., Tan Phu, Phu An, on dead leaves and branches, 29. xii. 2001, SO; 1 male (mac.), Ninh Thuan Prov., Lam Son District, Root 27 (Pass 1), ca 900 m alt., 23. viii. 2007, SO. Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 1 female, 25. iii. 1984, 2 females and 1 male, 27. iii. 1984, 1 female and 1 male, 29. iii. 1984, 4 females and 4 males, 30. iii. 1984, SO. Doubtful-specimen. Peninsular Malaysia, 1 female (mac.), Cameron Highland, Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18. ix. 1990, TN & SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF92FFC0D980F987FE24E6FA.taxon	description	(Figs 33, 188 – 193) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.9 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 33). Head and thorax yellow, but mesothorax tinged with pale brown laterally. Abdominal segment I yellowish with posterior and lateral portion brownish, segments II – IX and tube entirely brown. Legs largely yellow, almost concolorous with head. Antennal segments I – IV yellow, almost concolorous with head, but segment IV shaded with pale brown distally; segment V yellowish brown, with base yellowish, segment VI yellowish brown to brown, with pedicel yellowish, segments VII and VIII brown. Fore wings tinged with pale brown, with pale bases and apices; major body setae pale. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 188), widest at the level of postocular setae, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 113 µm apart from each other, 15 µm apart from eyes. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Posterior pair of ocelli 30 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 1.56 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 192), scarcely constricted basally, narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.73 times as long as VII; segment III longer than segment VII; segment IV the longest (Fig. 193); segments III and IV each with two sense cones, (1 + 1) and (1 + 1 + 1) respectively. Maxillary stylets crossing over postocular setae, but scarcely reaching eyes, close together medially, their distance about one-fifth of head width, 27 µm apart from each other; maxillary bridge rather distinct. Pronotum about 0.6 times as long as head, 1.46 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa, ml and pa subequal in length, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures incomplete, but nearly complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum relatively small, fan-shaped, 30 µm wide (Fig. 190). Metanotum almost smooth, but very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm in length, 43 µm apart from each other, 42 – 45 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 2 the shortest, S 1 and S 3 subequal in length. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 191), but lateral margins irregularly emarginate, sculptured weakly, about 1.2 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae abdominal sharply pointed, S 1 almost as long as tube, S 2 a little shorter than tube. Tube 0.48 times as long as head, 1.82 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1900 (distended). Head length 208, from anterior margin of eyes 190, width across eyes 135, maximum width across cheeks 138, minimum width across base 110; eyes length 62 – 63; diameter of posterior ocelli 12 – 15; postocular setae 40. Maxillary bridge width 30. Antenna total length 325, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 45 (27), 47 (28), 40 (25), 39 (22), 40 (21), 29 (12). Pronotum length 125, width 183. Setae on prothorax: aa 32, ml about 30, pa 30 – 31, epim 48 – 49. Fore wing length 700. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 30 – 32, S 2 about 20, S 3 32. Pelta length 73, width 87. Tergite IX setae: S 1 98 – 102, S 2 92 – 93. Tube length 100, maximum width 55; terminal setae 150. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: about 1.3 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Head 1.36 times as long as wide (Fig. 189); maxillary stylets wider apart, a little wider than 1 / 4 of head width. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1320 (distended). Head length 167, from anterior margin of eyes 155, width across eyes 118, maximum width across cheeks 123, minimum width across base 100; eyes length 54; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 9; postocular setae 33. Maxillary bridge width 35. Antenna total length 290, segments III – VIII length as follows: 42, 43, 38, 35, 37, 27. Pronotum length 107, width 152. Setae on prothorax: aa? 20, ml? 20, pa 30, epim 38 – 40. Fore wing length 560. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 25, S 2? 20, S 3 27 – 28. Pelta length 57, width 67. Tergite IX setae: S 1 80, S 2 30. Tube length 80, maximum width 47; terminal setae 120 – 130.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF92FFC0D980F987FE24E6FA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, the Philippines, Luzon, Quezon National Forest Park, on dead leaves, 22. viii. 1979, SO. Paratype: the Philippines, Luzon, 1 male (mac.), collected together with holotype.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF92FFC0D980F987FE24E6FA.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on one female and one male macropterae taken from dead leaves in Luzon, the Philippines. It is easily distinguished from the congeners by the body color. The head and thorax are largely yellowish, in contrast with brown abdomen. This species has the prosternal basantra and ferna slightly closer than those of typical Karnyothrips species, and it is somewhat intermediate between Karnyothrips and Mesandrothrips (in part).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF90FFBED980FBFAFE61E60A.taxon	description	(Figs 34, 194 – 199) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.7 – 2.0 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 34). Head, thorax and tube brown; abdominal segments largely yellowish, segments I and II yellow, segment IX pale brown, segments III – VIII yellow shaded medially with pale brown, but each segment without median brown marking. All femora brown with apices yellowish; fore tibiae yellowish, tinged with pale brown, mid and hind tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and II brown, segment II with apex yellowish, segment III yellow, segment IV pale brown with base yellowish, segments V – VIII brown, gradually darkened distally. Fore wings shaded with pale brown, with pale bases and apices; major body setae pale. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 194), widest at the level of postocular setae, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, about 100 µm apart from each other, 15 – 16 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli relatively small, posterior pair 33 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae 1.62 times as long as head in holotype; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 198), scarcely constricted at base, narrowly fused to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segments VII a little shorter than segment III; segment IV the longest (Fig. 199); segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance a little wider than one-fourth of head width, 37 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge rather distinct. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.66 times in holotype, 1.48 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa, ml and pa subequal in length, shorter than postocular setae, epim the longest, a little longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum moderate in size, widely fan-shaped, 35 µm wide in holotype (Fig. 196). Metanotum weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm in length, 41 µm apart from each other, 40 – 43 µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore wings with 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 1 the shortest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 197), sculptured weakly, about 1.15 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 setae sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube about 0.5 times as long as head, 1.86 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae about 2.0 times as long as tube, about 1.97 times in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 1760 (distended). Head length 184, from anterior margin of eyes 170, width across eyes 125, maximum width across cheeks 132, minimum width across base 112; eyes length 57; diameter of posterior ocelli 10 – 11; postocular setae 40 – 42. Maxillary bridge width 37. Antenna total length 303, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (27), 44 (29), 37 (24), 35 (22), 39 (21), 27 (11). Pronotum length 122, width 180. Setae on prothorax: aa 30 – 32, ml 32 – 34, pa 30, epim 45 – 48. Fore wing length 640. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 27, S 2 30 – 32, S 3 29 – 33. Pelta length 65, width 75. Tergite IX setae: S 1 77 – 79, S 2 113 – 118. Tube length 95, maximum width 51; terminal setae 183 – 187. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.5 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure. Abdomen often tinged with pale brown. Head 1.45 times as long as wide (Fig. 195); maxillary stylets wider apart from each other, wider than 1 / 3 of head width. Fore wing with 4 duplicated cilia. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1500 (distended). Head length 178, from anterior margin of eyes 163, width across eyes 123, maximum width across cheeks 122, minimum width across base 100; eyes length 60; diameter of posterior ocelli 10 – 12; postocular setae about 30. Maxillary bridge width 48. Antenna total length 294, segments III – VIII length as follows: 39, 42, 37, 33, 27, 26. Pronotum length 118, width 158. Setae on prothorax: aa? 20, ml? 20, pa 32 – 33, epim 45 – 52. Fore wing length 600. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 30, S 2 30 – 32, S 3 30 – 35. Pelta length 60, width 70. Tergite IX setae: S 1? 65, S 2 28 – 30. Tube length? 80, maximum width 48; terminal setae 180.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF90FFBED980FBFAFE61E60A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, the Philippines, Mindanao, Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300 m, on dead leaves, 3. viii. 1979, SO. Paratypes: the Philippines, Mindanao, same locality as holotype, 1 male (mac.), on dead branches, 30. vii. 1979, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), on dead fern, 30. vii. 1979, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), on dead leaves, 2. viii. 1979, SO. Doubtful-specimens. The Philippines, Luzon, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), Bicol National Park, on dead branches, 13. viii. 1979, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFF90FFBED980FBFAFE61E60A.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on three female and three male macropterae taken from dead plants in Mindanao, the Philippines. It is very similar to a sympatric species, K. variabilis sp. n., especially in coloration. However, it can be distinguished by the following features (in parentheses are the features of variabilis): antennal segment II brown with apex yellowish (almost entirely yellowish); intermediate abdominal segments without median brown marking (segments III – VII each with a median brown marking); maxillary stylets wider than one-fourth of head width in female, wider than one-third of head width in male (narrower than one-fourth in female); prospinasternum less than 40 µm in width (more than 50 µm); pronotal aa setae much shorter than postocular setae (almost as long as postoculars, or a little shorter). Two specimens collected from Luzon Is. listed above as doubtful-specimens are very similar to similis, but have median brown markings on the intermediate abdominal segments and a smaller prospinasternum.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFEEFFBCD980FC7FFC2FE192.taxon	description	(Figs 35, 200 – 205) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.7 – 2.0 mm. Brown species (Fig. 35). Intermediate abdominal segments a little paler than head, anterior and posterior portions of each segment slightly paler. All femora brown, fore femora almost concolorous with head, mid and hind femora somewhat paler than fore femora; tibiae yellowish, slightly tinged with pale brown; tarsi yellow. Antennae largely brown, segments I and IV – VIII brown; segment II brown, slightly paler distally; segment III pale brown, with basal half yellowish. Fore wings slightly shaded with pale brown; major body setae pale. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 200), widest at the level of postocular setae, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 105 µm apart from each other, 13 – 16 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head. Ocelli small, posterior pair 32 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae 1.6 – 1.7 times as long as head; segment VIII conical (Fig. 204), but scarcely constricted at extreme base, widely fused to segment VII, 0.61 times as long as VII in holotype; segments III and VII subequal in length (Fig. 205); segment IV the longest; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and three (1 + 2) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets crossing over postocular setae, but not reaching eyes, relatively wider apart, their distance 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of head width, 27 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.66 times in holotype, 1.35 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, pa a little longer than ml, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum large, widely fan-shaped, 55 µm wide (Fig. 202). Metanotum weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, about 20 µm in length, 46 µm apart from each other, 40 – 41 µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore wings with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 2 the shortest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 203), sculptured weakly, about 1.2 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 setae sharply pointed, much longer than tube. Tube 0.46 – 0.50 times as long as head, 1.66 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae longer than 2.0 times as long as tube, about 2.46 times in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2000 (distended). Head length 190, from anterior margin of eyes 175, width across eyes 121, maximum width across cheeks 126, minimum width across base 104; eyes length 56 – 57; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 10; postocular setae about 40. Maxillary bridge width 27. Antenna total length 310, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 38 (26), 42 (27), 37 (23), 37 (21), 38 (20), 23 (12). Pronotum length 125, width 169. Setae on prothorax: aa 35 – 38, ml 35, pa 38 – 39, epim 51 – 52. Fore wing length 680. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 35 – 37, S 2 30 – 34, S 3 35 – 40. Pelta length 70, width 85. Tergite IX setae: S 1 81 – 83, S 2 123 – 128. Tube length 88, maximum width 53; terminal setae 217. Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.6 – 1.9 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide; antennae 1.7 – 1.8 times as long as head; maxillary stylets relatively wider apart, their distance about 1 / 4 of head width, 30 – 33 µm apart from each other. Abdominal tergites II – VII each with two pairs of wing-retaining setae; tube a little longer than 1 / 2 of head length. Measurements (paratype micropterous female in µm). Body length 1840 (distended). Head length 175, from anterior margin of eyes 168, width across eyes 121, maximum width across cheeks 125, minimum width across base 102; eyes length 51 – 52; diameter of posterior ocelli 9 – 10; postocular setae 37. Maxillary bridge width 37. Antenna total length 310, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 42 (24), 45 (27), 38 (23), 37 (22), 40 (22), 25 (13). Pronotum length 118, width 161. Setae on prothorax: aa 35, ml 35, pa 38, epim 50. Pelta length 65, width 73. Tergite IX setae: S 1 70 – 78, S 2 125. Tube length 95, maximum width 51; terminal setae 215 – 220. Male (microptera). Distended body length: 1.2 – 1.6 mm. Very similar to micropterous female in color and structure, but antennal segment II often somewhat paler, brownish yellow. Maxillary stylets wider apart (Fig. 201), about 1 / 3 of head width, or a little wider. Terminal tube setae often longer, often longer than 2.5 times as long as tube. Measurements (paratype micropterous male in µm). Body length 1380 (distended). Head length 158, from anterior margin of eyes 146, width across eyes 102, maximum width across cheeks 107, minimum width across base 89; eyes length 45; diameter of posterior ocelli less than 5; postocular setae 40 – 45. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 270, segments III – VIII length as follows: 33, 37, 34, 31, 32, 23. Pronotum length 100, width 140. Setae on prothorax: aa about 30, ml 30 – 33, pa 37 – 38, epim about 40. Pelta length 50, width 58. Tergite IX setae: S 1 about 70, S 2 31 – 33. Tube length 70, maximum width 46; terminal setae 210.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFEEFFBCD980FC7FFC2FE192.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, 1 female (mac.), 2 females (mic.) and 3 males (mic.), collected together with holotype; 1 female (mac.), Cameron Highland, foot of Gnung Jasar, on dead leaves and branches, 29. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mic.), Tapah, on dead leaves and branches, 16. ix. 1990, TN & SO; 2 males (mic.), about 20 km N from Kuala Lumpur, Templer Park, on dead leaves and branches, 12. ix. 1990, TN & SO; Fraser’s Hill, on dead leaves and branches, 1 male (mac.), 13. ix. 1990, 1 male (mic.), 14. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Doubtful-specimens. Peninsular Malaysia, 2 females (mic.) and 2 males (mic.), Cameron Highland, Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Indonesia, Bali, 3 males (mic.), Belimbing Sari, alt. about 70 m, on dead branches, 29. vii. 1984, SO; 1 male (mac.), Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur, 755 m alt., 3. ix. 2006, SO. Taiwan, Pintung Hsien, Kenting National Park, 1 fmeale (mic.), on dead branches, 18. iii. 1984, 1 female (mic.), 19. iii. 1984, 1 female (mic.), on grass, 19. iii. 1984, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFEEFFBCD980FC7FFC2FE192.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was collected from dead leafy branches in Peninsular Malaysia, and is distinguished from the congeners by the combination of the following character states: body uniformly brown; antennal segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and three (1 + 2) sense cones respectively; prospinasternum large, usually wider than 50 µm; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; terminal tube setae much longer than 2.0 times as long as tube. The specimens listed above as doubtful-specimens are very similar to this species, but have several differences from the type series. Collected together with the type series, 2 females and 2 males from Tanah Rata have antennal segment II paler, the prospinasternum wider, and the mesopresternum reduced. From Bali Is., Indonesia, three males have antennal segment VII more slender. Finally, three females from Taiwan have antennal segment VIII more slender, the prospinasternum smaller, and the mesopresternum reduced.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFECFFBCD980FB12FA14E3C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body brown; all femora brown, all tibiae pale brown with apices yellowish; antennae brown, but apex of segment II and base of segment III yellowish. Postocular and prothoracic major setae pointed or nearly pointed, sometimes very weakly dilated, but not strongly expanded. Antennal segment VIII very slightly constricted basally; segments III and IV with one (0 + 1) and two (1 + 1) sense cones, respectively. Maxillary stylets one-fifth of head width apart. Notopleural sutures complete. Mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangular plates. Basantra large. Tergite IX S 1 setae sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube 0.55 as long as head; terminal setae about 1.5 times as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype females and paratype females and males (see Okajima 2006, p. 400).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFECFFBBD980F8CEFE8CE28A.taxon	description	(Figs 36, 206 – 211) Female (microptera). Distended body length: 1.9 – 2.0 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 36). Head, prothorax, mesothorax and tube brown, but tube with base yellowish; metanotum yellowish, slightly tinged with brown, much paler than mesothorax; each abdominal segment bicolored, segment I yellow with posterior portion brownish, segment II brown with posterior portion yellowish, segments III – VIII largely yellow, each segment with a median and a pair of lateral brownish markings along antecostal suture, segment IX yellowish. Fore femora brown, almost concolorous with head, with apices paler, mid and hind femora brownish yellow; fore tibiae brownish yellow, mid and hind tibiae yellow, scarcely shaded with brown basally; all tarsi yellowish. Antennal segments I and IV – VIII pale brown, a little paler than head, segments II and III yellow. Major body setae pale. Head 1.30 - 1.35 times as long as broad (Fig. 206), 1.32 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae almost as long as eyes, expanded at apex, 97 µm apart from each other, 12 – 13 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes small, about one-fourth as long as head, 0.24 times in holotype. Ocelli reduced, about 5 µm in diameter in holotype; posterior pair 35 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.8 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively long (Fig. 210), weakly constricted basally; segment VII a little longer than III (Fig. 211); segments III and IV each with two (1 + 1) sense cones, but often IV with additional small one (1 + 1 + 1). Maxillary stylets barely reaching eyes, close together medially, closer than one-fifth of head width, 18 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge very weak. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 1.54 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; pa shorter than aa, aa and ml subequal in length. Notopleural sutures complete. Prospinasternum large, irregularly shaped, 45 µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum completely divided into two lateral triangular plates (Fig. 208). Metanotum almost smooth; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, sometimes missing (the left one is missing in holotype). Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 209), sculptured weakly, 1.57 times as wide as long. Tergites without wing-retaining setae. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, much longer than tube. Tube 0.54 times as long as head, 1.72 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae 1.9 – 2.0 times as long as tube, 1.94 times in holotype. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 1900 (distended). Head length 182, from anterior margin of eyes 168, width across eyes 124, maximum width across cheeks 138; eyes length 43 – 44, width 33; diameter of posterior ocelli 5 – 6; postocular setae 45. Maxillary bridge width 35. Antenna total length 330, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 40 (26), 42 (26), 40 (23), 40 (21), 44 (19), 26 (10). Pronotum length 127, width 196. Setae on prothorax: aa 40 – 44, ml 40 – 45, pa 32 – 37, epim 45 – 46. Pelta length 67, width 105. Tergite IX setae: S 1 85 – 87, S 2 115 – 125. Tube length 98, maximum width 57; terminal setae about 190. Male (microptera). Distended body length: 1.3 - 1.6 mm. Very similar in color and structure to micropterous female. Head 1.33 – 1.39 times as long as wide (Fig. 207); postocular setae a little shorter than eyes. Prothoracic pa almost as long as ml. Metanotum often very wealy sculptured with polygonal reticulation. Tube 0.54 – 0.57 times as long as head. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 1600 (distended). Head length 172, from anterior margin of eyes 158, width across eyes 118, maximum width across cheeks 124; eyes length 42 – 43, width 33 – 37; diameter of posterior ocelli 8 – 9; postocular setae 35 – 38. Antenna total length 320, segments III – VIII length as follows: 38, 42, 40, 37, 40, 30. Pronotum length 125, width 180. Setae on prothorax: aa 35 – 40, ml 33 – 35, pa 34 – 35, epim 40. Pelta length 55, width 83. Tergite IX setae: S 1 80 – 84, S 2 33 – 35. Tube length 97, maximum width 54; terminal setae about 200.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFECFFBBD980F8CEFE8CE28A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: micropterous female, Taiwan, Nantou Hsien, Nanshanchi, on dead branches, 30. iii. 1984, SO. Paratypes: Taiwan, 5 females (mic.) and 2 males (mic.), collected together with holotype; data very similar to holotype, 1 male (mic.), 24. iii. 1984, 1 male (mic.), 25. iii. 1984, 1 female (mic.) and 1 male (mic.), 27. iii. 1984; 1 male (mic.), Nantou Hsien, foot of Mt. Nankao, nr. Wanta, on dead branches, 1. iv. 1984, SO; 1 female (mic.), Kaohsiung Hsien, Liukuei, on dead leaves and branches, 4. ix. 1993, TN. Non-paratypic specimen. Taiwan, 1 male (mic.), Pintung Hsien, Kenting Nat. Park, on dead branches, 18. iii. 1984, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFECFFBBD980F8CEFE8CE28A.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on several micropterous females and males collected from dead branches in Taiwan, and is somewhat similar to K. insignis from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, in appearance. However, it is easily distinguished by the following features: head and mesothorax brown, concolorous with head (head and mesothorax yellowish, in contrast with brown prothorax in insignis); fore femora brown, mid and hind femora pale brown (legs largely yellowish in insignis); antennal segment III almost as long as segment IV or a little shorter (segment III much shorter than IV in insignis); antennal segment IV with two sense cones (with four sense cones in insignis).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFEAFFB8D980FA2AFBA7E106.taxon	description	(Figs 212 – 220) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 2.3 mm. Brown species (Fig. 212). Lateral and posterior portions of mesothorax somewhat paler; abdominal segment largely pale brown, each segment slightly darkened medially, base of tube paler. All femora brown with apices yellowish; all tibiae and tarsi yellow, but fore tibiae scarcely shaded. Antennal segments I and VI – VIII brown, segment I slightly paler than head, but segments IV – VIII almost concolorous with head; segment II brown, yellowish externally, segments III yellowish at basal half, brown at distal half. Wings and major body setae pale. Head about 1.45 times as long as wide (Fig. 214), dorsal surface almost smooth, but with fine transverse reticulation at base. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 128 µm apart from each other, 14 – 15 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes well developed, about 0.36 times as long as head. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair 25 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.76 times as long as head in holotype; segment VIII slender (Fig. 219), slightly constricted basally, narrowly fused to segment VII, 0.74 times as long as VII in holotype; segments III and IV subequal in length (Fig. 220), longer than segment VII, each with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart from each other, not close together medially, 50 µm apart from each other at base in holotype; maxillary bridge weak. Pronotum about 0.64 times as long as head, about 1.5 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa shorter than pa, epim the longest. Prospinasternum small, 17 µm wide; mesopresternum not divided, narrowly boat-shaped. Metanotal median pair of setae weak, short and acute, a little more than 20 µm in length, 52 µm apart from each other, about 52 – 60 µm apart from anterior margin in holotype. Fore femur slightly enlarged, with an inner sub-basal hump (Fig. 217); fore tibia with an inner apical tubercle or scale (Fig. 218); fore tarsus with a well developed inner hamus (Fig. 218). Fore wing with 8 – 9 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 1 and S 2 setae subequal in length, S 3 the longest. Pelta sculptured weakly (Fig. 216), 1.08 times as wide as long in holotype. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 setae sharply pointed, longer than tube. Tube 0.52 times as long as head, 1.95 times as long as wide. Terminal setae about 2.4 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2320 (distended). Head length 242, from anterior margin of eyes 225, width across eyes 167, maximum width across cheeks 167, minimum width across base 140; eyes length 88; diameter of posterior ocelli 18 – 21; postocular setae 55 – 62. Maxillary bridge width 70. Antenna total length 425, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 63 (33), 62 (32), 53 (27), 50 (24), 50 (22), 37 (13). Pronotum length 155, width 233. Setae on prothorax: aa? 30, ml? 35, pa 40, epim 65 – 68. Fore wing length 1020. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 33 – 37, S 2 35 – 37, S 3 55. Pelta length 95, width 103. Tergite IX setae: S 1 115, S 2 137 – 138. Tube length 125, maximum width 64; terminal setae about 300. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 2.2 mm. Very similar to macropterous female in color and structure (Fig. 213). Pelta 1.22 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae pointed, longer than tube. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 2210 (distended). Head length 225, from anterior margin of eyes 205, width across eyes 155, maximum width across cheeks 157, minimum width across base 131; eyes length 80; diameter of posterior ocelli 16 – 18; postocular setae 55 – 57. Maxillary bridge width 68. Antenna total length 380, segments III – VIII length as follows: 58, 53, 48, 47, 43, 32. Pronotum length 157, width 223. Setae on prothorax: aa? 30, ml? 40, pa 40, epim 58 – 65. Fore wing length 940. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 35, S 2 38 – 42, S 3 55 – 60. Pelta length 90, width 110. Tergite IX setae: S 1 135, S 2 43 – 48. Tube length 118, maximum width 66; terminal setae 280.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFEAFFB8D980FA2AFBA7E106.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, 6 females (mac.) and 3 males (mac.), Cameron Highland, nr. Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 30. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 3 females (mac.) and 6 males (mac.), collected together with holotype. Singapore, 1 male (mac.), Macritchie Res., on dead branches, 8. viii. 1990, TN & SO. Vietnam, 1 male (mac.), Lam Dong Province, Bao Loc, Dam Bri, 27. xii. 2001, SO; 1 male (mac.), Dong Nai Prov., Tan Phu, Phu An, on dead leaves and branches, 29. xii. 2001, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFEAFFB8D980FA2AFBA7E106.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is peculiar in the genus in having a fore femoral sub-basal inner hump as well as a fore tibial sub-apical inner tooth or scale, and because of these it is somewhat similar to Androthrips species in appearance. From Androthrips, however, it can easily be distinguished by the prosternal basantra and ferna situated far apart from each other, with the membrane between them well developed with transverse dense striae (Fig. 215). Moreover, the terminal tube setae of tenax are much longer than twice as long as the tube. Glenothrips biuncinatus (Karny) from Java is also somewhat similar to this species in having a fore tibial sub-apical inner tooth, but it has the prosternal basantra and ferna close together (see Fig. 132 in Dang et al. 2014).	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE8FFB6D980FB73FAA4E66E.taxon	description	(Figs 37 – 39, 221 – 226) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 2.0 – 2.4 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 37); head, thorax, abdominal segments VIII – IX and tube brown to dark brown, but abdominal segment VIII with anterior portion yellowish; abdominal segments I – VII largely yellow, segments II – VII each with a median brown marking along antecostal suture, the markings are variable in each specimen, small to large as well as pale to dark. Fore femora brown, almost concolorous with head, with apices yellowish, mid and hind femora pale brown, with apices yellowish; all tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and II pale brown, a little paler than head, segment III yellow, IV – VIII pale brown to brown, gradually darkened distally, segments IV and V with bases slightly paler. Fore wings scarcely tinged with pale brown; major body setae pale. Head a little longer than 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 221), 1.44 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth, often very weakly sculptured with transverse striae at middle between postocular setae. Cheeks very weakly rounded, sub-parallel, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 120 µm apart from each other, 15 – 16 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 0.3 times as long as head, 0.30 – 0.31 times in holotype. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair 33 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.7 times as long as head; segment VIII weakly constricted basally (Fig. 225), narrowly fused to segment VII; segment III with sub-basal swelling (Fig. 226), almost as long as segment VI; segment IV the longest, much longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and three (1 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets crossing over postocular setae, but hardly reaching eyes, close together medially, their distance less than one-fifth of head width, 27 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge rather distinct. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 1.41 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and pa subequal in length, ml longer than pa, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Prospinasternum large, 45 µm wide in holotype; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates (Fig. 223). Metanotum almost smooth, but very weakly sculptured medially with longitudinal striae; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm in length, 45 µm apart from each other, 55 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 6 – 8 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 1 the shortest, S 2 and S 3 subequal in length. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 224), sculptured weakly, about 1.1 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae subequal in length, sharply pointed, almost as long as tube or a little longer. Tube about half as long as head, 1.88 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae about 1.7 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2300 (distended). Head length 220, from anterior margin of eyes 207, width across eyes 146, maximum width across cheeks 153; eyes length 66 – 68, width 40 – 44; diameter of posterior ocelli 13 – 16; postocular setae 55 – 57. Maxillary bridge width 35. Antenna total length 375, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 43 (30), 52 (29), 47 (26), 42 (24), 45 (23), 32 (13). Pronotum length 158, width 222. Setae on prothorax: aa 45, ml 55, pa 43 – 45, epim 66 – 70. Fore wing length 850. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 37 – 38, S 2 42, S 3 42 – 43. Pelta length 85, width 93. Tergite IX setae: S 1 115 – 117, S 2 115 – 120. Tube length 113, maximum width 60; terminal setae 187 – 190. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.9 – 2.0 mm. Very similar in structure to macropterous female. Abdominal segments I – VI somewhat darker than female (Figs 38 & 39), but often very similar to female, median brown shadings largely developed; segment VII almost entirely brownish, but a little paler than VIII. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 222). Fore wing with 2 – 6 duplicated cilia. Tube 0.53 – 0.56 times as long as head. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length about 2000 (distended). Head length 200, from anterior margin of eyes 187, width across eyes 133, maximum width across cheeks 140; eyes length 62 – 64, width 36 – 37; diameter of posterior ocelli 12 – 13; postocular setae about 50. Maxillary bridge width 30. Antenna total length 355, segments III – VIII length as follows: 44, 50, 46, 42, 43, 30. Pronotum length 147, width 207. Setae on prothorax: aa 43 – 47, ml 50 – 55, pa 42 – 45, epim 58 – 60. Fore wing length 730. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 35 – 36, S 2 38 – 42, S 3 40 – 44. Pelta length 77, width 83. Tergite IX setae: S 1 108 – 110, S 2 35 – 40. Tube length 108, maximum width 55; terminal setae 175 – 182.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE8FFB6D980FB73FAA4E66E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Taiwan, Pintung Hsien, Kenting Nat. Park, on dead branches, 19. iii. 1984, SO. Paratypes: Taiwan, 7 females (mac.) and 5 males (mac.), collected together with holotype; 1 female (mac.), same locality as holotype, on dead Palmae fronds, 7. ix. 1993, TN & SO. Non-paratypic specimens. Taiwan, 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), Taitung Hsien, Chihpen, on dead wood, 10. ix. 1993, TN & SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE8FFB6D980FB73FAA4E66E.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on several macropterous females and males taken from dead branches in Taiwan, and is very similar to K. brevipilosus sp. n. and K. melaleucus in coloration. However, it has a sub-basal swelling on antennal segment III, three sense cones on antennal segment IV, the notopleural sutures complete, the mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates and the tergite IX S 1 setae almost as long as the tube, whereas both brevipilosus and melaleucus have no sub-basal swelling on antennal segment III, two sense cones (1 + 1 + 1) on antennal segment IV, the notopleural sutures incomplete, the mesopresternum not divided, and the tergite IX S 1 setae longer than the tube. A female and a male listed in the non-paratypic specimens have the maxillary stylets more than one-fourth of head width apart (38 – 40 µm), but are indistinguishable in other structures.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE6FFB4D980FC5BFE09E0D6.taxon	description	(Figs 40, 227 – 232) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.8 – 2.2 mm. Bicolored species (Fig. 40). Head, thorax, and tube brown to dark brown, pterothorax somewhat paler than prothorax; abdominal segments yellowish, segments III – VII largely yellow, shaded with brown anteromedially, segments VIII and IX shaded largely with pale brown. Fore femora brown, almost concolorous with prothorax, with apices yellowish, mid and hind femora variable in color, pale brown with apices yellowish, or almost entirely yellowish; fore tibiae brownish yellow, mid and hind tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I and IV – VIII brown, a little paler than head, segment IV with pedicel yellowish, segments II and III yellow, but segment II brownish basally. Fore wings with distal three-fourths shaded with pale brown, basal one-fourth pale; major body setae pale. Head about 1.4 times as long as wide (Fig. 227), 1.41 times in holotype, dorsal surface almost smooth. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded at apex, 98 µm apart from each other, 10 – 12 µm apart from eyes in holotype. Eyes about 1 / 3 of head length, 0.35 – 0.36 times as long as head in holotype. Ocelli well developed; posterior pair in contact with eyes, 24 µm apart from each other in holotype. Antennae about 1.7 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 231), weakly constricted basally, narrowly fused to segment VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment III a little longer than segment VII; segment IV the longest (Fig. 232), much longer than VII; segments III and IV with two (1 + 1) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets scarcely reaching eyes, close together at middle, their distance 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 as wide as head, 32 µm apart from each other in holotype; maxillary bridge rather distinct. Pronotum about 0.7 times as long as head, 0.73 times in holotype, 1.34 times as wide as long in holotype, almost smooth; four pairs of prominent setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, ml a little longer than pa, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangle plates; prospinasternum very large, widely fan-shaped, 55 µm wide in holotype (Fig. 229). Metanotum sculptured medially with longitudinal striae or reticles; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, more than 20 µm in length, relatively close together, 30 µm apart from each other, 55 – 57 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 5 – 6 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 1 the shortest, S 3 the longest. Pelta trapezoid (Fig. 230), sculptured weakly, almost as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae expanded, shorter than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, somewhat longer than tube. Tube a little longer than half of head length, 0.56 times as long as head in holotype, 1.95 times as long as wide in holotype. Terminal setae a little longer than 2.0 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length 2150 (distended). Head length 200, from anterior margin of eyes 188, width across eyes 139, maximum width across cheeks 142; eyes length 70 – 71; diameter of posterior ocelli 12 – 16; postocular setae 53 – 56. Maxillary bridge width 38. Antenna total length 340, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 45 (27), 53 (29), 40 (26), 40 (23), 43 (22), 30 (12). Pronotum length 145, width 195. Setae on prothorax: aa about 50, ml 49 – 52, pa 45 – 47, epim 64. Fore wing length 830. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 42 – 45, S 2 48 – 52, S 3 50 – 53. Pelta length 83, width 80. Tergite IX setae: S 1 about 80, S 2 about 120. Tube length 111, maximum width 57; terminal setae 230 – 242. Male (macroptera). Distended body length: 1.4 – 1.7 mm. Very similar in color and structure to macropterous female. Head about 1.4 – 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 228). Fore wing with 4 – 5 duplicated cilia. Measurements (paratype male in µm). Body length 1650 (distended). Head length 187, from anterior margin of eyes 174, width across eyes 118, maximum width across cheeks 123; eyes length 68; diameter of posterior ocelli 12 – 14; postocular setae 48 – 50. Maxillary bridge width 37. Antenna total length 325, segments III – VIII length as follows: 44, 47, 43, 37, 38, 27. Pronotum length 116, width 160. Setae on prothorax: aa 43 – 46, ml 42 – 43, pa 43 – 45, epim 54 – 55. Fore wing length 720. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 38 – 40, S 2 47, S 3 50. Pelta length 67, width 62. Tergite IX setae: S 1 75 – 78, S 2 38 – 40. Tube length 103, maximum width 50; terminal setae 230 – 234.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE6FFB4D980FC5BFE09E0D6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, nr. Brinchang, on dead leaves and branches, 25. viii. 1990, TN & SO. Paratypes: Peninsular Malaysia, Cameron Highland, 4 females (mac.) and 2 males (mac.), collected together with holotype; 1 female (mac.) and 1 male (mac.), data very similar to above, but 27. viii. 1990; 2 females (mac.), nr. Tanah Rata, Robinson water fall, on dead leaves and branches, 28. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.), foot of Gnung Jasar, on dead leaves and branches, 29. viii. 1990, TN & S; 1 female (mac.), nr. Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 30. viii. 1990, TN & SO; 3 females (mac.), Tanah Rata, on dead leaves and branches, 18. ix. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.), Tanah Rata, 5. iii. 1976, W. Suzuki; 2 females (mac.), Tapah, on dead leaves and branches, 16. ix. 1990, TN & SO; Pahang, Eudau-Rompin Park, fogging, 2 females (mac.), 6. vii. 2003, 1 female (mac.), 8. vii. 2003, H. Kojima. Singapore, 1 female (mac.), Macritchie Park, on dead leaves, 22. vii. 1976, SO. Non-paratypic specimen. Borneo, 1 female (mac.), Sabah, Jl. Kimanis, 18 km from Keningaw, on dead leaves and branches, 3. ix. 1990, TN & SO; 1 female (mac.), Jl. Kimanis, 15 km from Kimanis, on dead leaves and branches, 9. ix. 1990, TN & SO. Indonesia, Sulawesi, 1 female (mac.), 31 km W from Palopo, Puncak, alt. About 1300 m, on dead leaves and branches, 19. viii. 1984, SO; 5 females (mac.), nr. Rantepao, Pedamaran, alt. about 1000 m, on dead leaves and branches, 8 – 14. viii. 1984, SO; 2 females (mac.), 11 km E from Malino, Kanreapia, alt. about 1500 m, under bark, 2. viii. 1984, SO; 1 male (mac.), Malino, alt. about 900 m, on dead leaves and branches, 31. vii. 1984, SO. Indonesia, Bali, 2 females (mac.), Belimbing Sari, alt. about 70 m, on dead branches, 29. vii. 1984, SO; 4 females (mac.), Tabanan, Jatiluwih (Peteli Temple), 867 – 915 m alt., on dead branches, 14. iii. 2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Batu Sesa, 1270 m alt., 14. viii. 2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Bengkel, Pura Batu Salahan, 685 – 894 m alt., 3. ix. 2005, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur, 755 – 780 m alt., 1 female (mac.), 2. ix. 2005, 1 female (mac.), 4. ix. 2005, 2 females (mac.), 2. ix. 2006, SO; 1 female (mac.), Tabanan, Pakaranean, 1067 m alt., 1. ix. 2006, SO. Vietnam, Lam Dong Prov., Bao Loc, Dam Bri, 1 female (mac.), on bamboo, 26. xii. 2001, 1 female (mac.), on grass, 26. xii. 2001, 1 female (mac.), habitat unknown, 27. xii. 2001, 1 female (mac.), on dead leaves, 28. xii. 2001, 3 females (mac.), on bamboo, 28. xii. 2001, SO. The Philippines, Mindanao, North Cotabato, Ilomavis, 1 female (mac.), on dead fern, 26. vii. 1979, 3 females (mac.), on dead fern, 27. vii. 1979, 1 female (mac.), on dead leaves, 29. vii. 1979, SO; Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300 m, 1 female (mac.), on dead branches, 30. vii. 1979, 1 female (mac.), on dead leaves, 3. viii. 1979, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE6FFB4D980FC5BFE09E0D6.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on a good number of macropterous females and males taken from dead leafy branches in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. It is very difficult to define this species, because it shows variations in some character states, such as the head length and the maxillary bridge width, even among specimens taken in the same sample. However, those differences are probably related to body size. This species can be distinguished from the congeners by a combination of the following character states: antennal segments IV – VIII brown; segment VIII weakly constricted basally, narrowly fused to VII, about 0.7 times as long as VII; segment IV with four sense cones; mesopresternum divided; basantra wider than long; S 1 setae on tergite IX expanded. One female from Borneo, listed as a non-paratypic specimen, could not be distinguished from this species, but has several small differences. This species has been collected from dead leaves and branches. It is interesting that one paratype female collected together with the holotype has three sense cones (1 + 2) on the third antennal segment.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE4FFB2D980F9C3FCADE72A.taxon	description	(Figs 233 – 239) Female (macroptera). Distended body length: about 2.0 mm. Body brown. Femora brown, fore femora with apices scarcely paler; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antennal segments I, II, VII and VIII brown; segments III – V yellow, segment V scarcely tinged with brown distally; segment VI pale brown, with basal half yellowish. Fore wing and major body setae pale. Head 1.24 times as long as wide (Fig. 234), dorsal surface almost smooth, very weakly sculptured at middle. Cheeks very weakly rounded, weakly serrate. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, expanded, 104 µm apart from each other, 12 – 13 µm apart from eyes. Eyes about one-third of head length. Ocelli normal; posterior pair in contact with eyes, about 30 µm apart from each other. Antennae about 2.0 times as long as head; segment VIII relatively slender (Fig. 238), not constricted basally, about two-third of VII in length; segments III and IV subequal in length (Fig. 239), longer than segment VII; segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, relatively wider apart, their distance about 0.3 times as wide as head, 55 µm apart from each other at the level of maxillary bridge; maxillary bridge rather distinct. Pronotum 0.77 times as long as head, about 1.5 times as wide as long, almost smooth; four pairs of major setae expanded; aa and ml subequal in length, pa longer than ml, epim the longest, longer than postoculars. Notopleural sutures complete. Basantra wider than long; mesopresternum transverse, not divided; prospinasternum small, 25 µm wide (Fig. 236). Metanotum sculptured with polygonal reticulation; median pair of setae weak, short and acute, less than 20 µm in length, 53 µm apart from each other, 42 – 43 µm apart from anterior margin. Fore wing with 6 – 7 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae expanded, S 2 the shortest, S 3 the longest. Pelta triangle (Fig. 237), sculptured distinctly, about 1.4 times as wide as long. Tergite IX S 1 setae bluntly pointed, a little longer than tube, S 2 sharply pointed, longer than S 1. Tube a little longer than 0.65 times as long as head, 1.9 times as long as wide. Terminal setae 1.57 times as long as tube. Measurements (holotype female in µm). Body length about 2000 (distended). Head length 173, from anterior margin of eyes 173, width across eyes 137, maximum width across cheeks 140, minimum width across base 122; eyes length 57; diameter of posterior ocelli 12 – 13; postocular setae 40 – 43. Maxillary bridge width 57. Antenna total length 345, segments III – VIII length (width) as follows: 47 (28), 48 (29), 45 (26), 42 (23), 42 (20), 28 (12). Pronotum length 134, width 200. Setae on prothorax: aa 30 – 33, ml? 30, pa 40, epim 53 – 55. Fore wing length 730. Sub-basal wing setae: S 1 35 – 40, S 2 30 – 36, S 3 45 – 50. Pelta length 75, width 104. Tergite IX setae: S 1 120 – 125, S 2 135 – 138. Tube length 112, maximum width 59; terminal setae 172 – 176. Male. Unknown.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE4FFB2D980F9C3FCADE72A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: macropterous female, Vietnam, Thua Thien Hue Prov., Phu Loc District, Bach Ma National Park, 1150 m alt., on bamboo, 14. viii. 2007, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE4FFB2D980F9C3FCADE72A.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is described based on a unique holotype female from bamboo in Vietnam. It may be closely related to the widespread species, K. flavipes, but it is distinguished in having a combination of the following features: antennal segments III – V largely yellowish; antennal segments III and IV with three (1 + 2) and four (2 + 2 + 1) sense cones respectively; mesopresternum transverse, but narrow; tergite IX S 1 setae bluntly pointed, longer than tube; terminal tube setae about 1.6 times as long as the tube.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE1FFB1D980FF62FD8DE0D3.taxon	description	(Figs 4 – 5, 240 – 246)	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE1FFB1D980FF62FD8DE0D3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slightly bicolored, head and thorax yellowish, paler than abdomen. Head about 1.6 times as long as wide (Fig. 240); postocular setae shorter than eyes, bluntly pointed. Eyes and ocelli rather small. Antennal segment VIII not or scarcely constricted at base, but well separated from segment VII (Fig. 245); segments III and VI each with two (1 + 1) sense cones. Maxillary stylets reaching postocular setae, rather close together medially; maxillary bridge narrower than one-fourth of head width. Prothoracic ml reduced; notopleural sutures complete. Prosternal basantra and ferna developed, basantra located near ferna (Fig. 241). Mesopresternum reduced medially. Fore wings, if present, without duplicated cilia; sub-basal wing setae not developed, short and acute. Pelta wide, trapezoid. Abdominal tergites III – VII each with one pair of wing-retaining setae (Fig. 242) in macropterae. Tergite IX S 1 and S 2 setae longer than tube, pointed; intermediate setae between them short. Tube about half of head length, or a little shorter; terminal setae almost as long as tube. Specimens-examined. Japan, holotype female and paratype females and males (see Okajima 2006, p. 402). Additional specimens: Kanagawa, Noborito, on grass, 1 female (mac.), 19. x. 2023, 1 female (mac.), 26. x. 2023, SO. Taxa excluded from the genus Karnyothrips Reyes (1994) described two Karnyothrips species from the Philippines, but one of them, K. ateuchis, is considered here to be removed from the genus. It is considered to represent a new genus described below and is presumably not so closely related to Karnyothrips.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE1FFB0D980F9C4FEC4E2C5.taxon	description	Type-species. Reyesothrips ateuchis (Reyes) comb. n.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFE1FFB0D980F9C4FEC4E2C5.taxon	discussion	Comments. This new genus is undoubtedly a member of the Haplothripini, because it has the maxillary bridge distinct, the prosternal basantra largely developed, the fore tarsal inner hamus minutely developed, and the fore wing weakly constricted medially. It is somewhat similar to a New World genus, Leptothrips Hood. However, most species included in Leptothrips have the bodies dark colored and strongly sclerotized, and the midlateral setae on the pronotum usually reduced. From Karnyothrips, Reyesothrips can easily be distinguished by the minutely developed fore tarsal tooth (Fig. 247), the metanotum sculptured with closely spaced longitudinal striae (Fig. 248), and the tube rather elongate. Moreover, the sense cone formula of this genus, that is three sense cones on antennal segments III and IV, is somewhat characteristic. FIGURES 247 – 252. Reyesothrips ateuchis (Reyes) comb. n. from Mindanao, macropterous female. (247) Head & fore leg; (248) metanotum; (249) whole body; (250) prosternum & mesopresternum; (251) antennal segments VI – VIII; (252) antennal segments III & IV.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
1317878EFFFFFFAFD980FF62FE56E797.taxon	description	Specimen-examined. The Philippines, Mindanao, 1 female, Mt. Apo, Agko, alt. about 1300 m, on dead branches, 30. vii. 1979, SO.	en	Okajima, Shûji, Masumoto, Masami (2025): Review of the genus Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) from Asia between India and Japan. Zootaxa 5578 (1): 1-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5578.1.1
