identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
102A879CD342FFBC3F382B404005FCFC.text	102A879CD342FFBC3F382B404005FCFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla Andre 1901	<div><p>Genus Traumatomutilla André, 1901</p><p>Traumatomutilla André, 1901: 258, ♀, ♂ (as subgenus of Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758).</p><p>Traumatotilla Day, 1979: 49. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Traumatomutilla André, 1901, unavailable name (Article 33.3 of the Code (ICZN 1999)).</p><p>Traumatomutilla – André 1902: 53, ♀, ♂ (as subgenus of Ephuta Say, 1836); 1903: 451 (as subgenus of Ephuta Say, 1836); 1904: 40 (resurrected to generic status); 1907: 349 (as subgenus of Ephuta Say, 1836). — Ashmead 1904: 9 (junior subjective synonym of Sphaeropthalma Blake, 1871). — Mickel 1928: 37 (list of Mutillidae genera); 1952: 106 (key to known genera of Mutillidae from Guyana), 128 (key to known species from Guyana). — Casal 1969: 279 (proposal of T. inermis species-group). — Nonveiller 1990: 74 (Neotropical catalogue). — Cambra &amp; Quintero 1992: 461 (key to known genera of Mutillidae from Panama), 476 (list of known species from Panama). — Quintero &amp; Cambra 1996a: 341 (list of known species from Peru); 1996b: 13 (list of known species from Paraguay). — Brothers 2006a: 588 (key to Neotropical genera of Mutillidae); 2006b: 584 (key to Neotropical tribes and subtribes of Mutillidae). — Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 62 (list of genus-group names for Mutillidae). — Williams et al. 2017: 1–33 (proposal of species-groups construct). — Bartholomay et al. 2018: 361–385 (revision of the T. integella and T. tabapua species-groups); 2019a: 1–34 (revision of the T. americana species-group); 2019b: 1–37 (revision of the T. bifurca, T. diabolica, T. vitelligera, and T. bellica species-groups and proposal of T. pilkingtoni species-group); 2020: 2639–2683 (revision of the T. juvenilis species-group); 2021: 1–28 (revision of the T. gemella species-group and new host records); 2022: 1–97 (revision of the T. indica species-group).</p><p>Type species</p><p>Mutilla indica Linnaeus, 1758, ♀, by subsequent designation of André 1902: 54.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Body setae simple, never plumose, brachyplumose or bristled; head always as wide as or narrower than mesosoma; mesosoma always wider anteriorly, at most with single lateral projection medially; scutellar scale usually present; T1 narrow and petiolate to subpetiolate; T2 disc usually marked with at least one pair of yellowish, reddish or orange integumental spots; pygidium well defined by lateral carinae and always reaching apical margin of T6.</p><p>Male</p><p>Body setae simple, never plumose, brachyplumose or bristled; head always as wide as or narrower than mesosoma; mandibles evenly curved and tapered apicad; axillae usually with dentate or truncate projections; S2 evenly convex throughout; S7 always longer than broad; pygidium well defined by lateral carinae; genitalia bearing simple setae only; paramere elongate and more or less straight throughout, at most slightly sinuous and/or upcurved apically.</p><p>Hosts</p><p>Stictia signata (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Hymenoptera: Crabronidae; recorded by Callan (1990, 1991) in Trinidad). Podium sp. ( Hymenoptera: Sphecidae; lab rearing in Panama recorded by Bartholomay et al. (2021)). Trypoxylon sp. ( Hymenoptera: Crabronidae; trap nest rearing in Brazil recorded by Bartholomay et al. (2021)).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bartholomay et al. (2022) mentioned that Traumatomutilla formed a morphologically consistent group along with nine other New World Sphaeropthalminae genera ( Atlantilla Williams &amp; Bartholomay, 2020, Cephalomutilla André, 1909, Dasymutilla Ashmead, 1899, Frigitilla Williams, 2015, Leucospilomutilla Ashmead, 1903, Quwitilla Williams, Bartholomay &amp; Cambra, 2019, Reedomutilla Mickel, 1964, Suareztilla Casal, 1968 and Tobantilla Casal, 1965). This was later to be considered the Dasymutillini sensu stricto in Waldren et al. (2023), even though Atlantilla, Frigitilla, Leucospilomutilla, and Tobantilla did not feature in their analysis. Literature with keys and diagnostic characters for distinguishing these genera as well as comments regarding the complicated relationship between Traumatomutilla and Dasymutilla have been given by Bartholomay et al. (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD342FFBC3F382B404005FCFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD345FFB13F092A1B4605FDC6.text	102A879CD345FFB13F092A1B4605FDC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla quadrinotata (Klug 1821)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Lateral margins of the mesonotum projected laterally into blunt tubercles; head unarmed on posterior margin of vertex; scutellar scale narrow, usually lacking anterolateral carinae; pygidial plate narrow, sides strongly convergent basad, subpyriform.</p><p>Male</p><p>Mesopleuron always tuberculate on dorsal half; axillar projections always truncate; S2 always lacking setae filled pit; hypoygium elongate, subrectangular, never defined by lateral carinae; cuspis slender, elongate, mostly asetose; paracuspis poorly developed, lobe-like.</p><p>Included taxa</p><p>Traumatomutilla ameliae Casal, 1969, T. austera (Gerstaecker, 1874), T. chrysozona (Gerstaecker, 1874), T. funebris (Gerstaecker, 1874), T. incerta (Spinola, 1841), T. infernalis (Gerstaecker, 1874), T. pompiliformis (Gerstaecker, 1874), T. quadrinotata (Klug, 1821), T. quadripustulata (Klug, 1821), T. sancta (Gerstaecker, 1874), T. tetratrauma Bartholomay &amp; Williams sp. nov., and T. ursina (Gerstaecker, 1874) .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Widely distributed in South America from Colombia to Argentina, except Chile.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The T. quadrinotata species-group is a more or less consistently large-bodied (&gt; 10 mm) group in both sexes. The anterolateral carinae in the scutellar area – albeit partially concealed by dense setation – and the dorsolaterally expanded occipital carina observed in T. tetratrauma sp. nov. were not included in the original diagnosis of the T. quadrinotata species-group by Williams et al. (2017). Apart from these two new characters, the remaining characters for the species-group are relatively consistent and nonvariable for both sexes, most notably so for males, which apart from the length of certain genitalia setae and sculpture of the pronotal dorsum, can only be distinguished based on color and setae characters. The most conspicuous and reliable character for identifying females is the lateral expansion of the mesonotum which varies slightly from broad and blunt (e.g., T. funebris and T. quadrinotata) to narrow and tuberculiform (e.g., T. ameliae and T. sancta). The post-mesonotal tubercle is a character that was first observed in T. poranga Bartholomay &amp; Williams, 2018 and, though it can be found in four species of the T. quadrinotata species-group, it is most conspicuous in T. quadripustulata .</p><p>Key to females of the T. quadrinotata species-group</p><p>1. Lateral surface of metapleuron and propodeum almost entirely concealed by dense golden appressed setae (Figs 12B, 18B); sculpture sparsely foveolate-punctate with densely micropunctate intervals where visible; vertex always clothed with black setae (Figs 12A, 18A) (mostly restricted to the Atlantic Forest domain) .................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>– Lateral face of metapleuron and propodeum generally smoother, at most with sparse erect silvery-white setae (e.g., Fig. 7C); sculpture entirely exposed, sparsely foveolate-punctate with smooth, shining unsculptured intervals (e.g., Figs 1C, 8B, 14B); vertex sometimes clothed with silvery-white setae (e.g., Fig. 8D) ........................................................................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Frons with patch of golden setae (Fig. 18B); occipital carina slighty swollen dorsolaterally; anterolateral carinae present in scutellar area; dorsal mesosomal setae, when present, more or less uniform in length (Fig. 18B) ................................. T. tetratrauma Bartholomay &amp; Williams sp. nov.</p><p>– Head setae entirely black (Fig. 12A–B); occipital carina equally wide throughout; anterolateral carinae absent in scutellar area; pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum with numerous long erect setae when present (Fig. 12B) ..................................................... T. quadrinotata (Klug, 1821)</p><p>3. T2 marked with two round orange to reddish integumental spots (Fig. 8A, D, F, H); mesonotum with transverse silvery band of setae, sometimes largely obliterated (Fig. 8A, D, F, H); occipital carina slightly swollen dorsolaterally (commonly found in the northern Amazon) ........................... .................................................................................................................... T. incerta (Spinola, 1841)</p><p>– T2 generally with four yellow to red integumental spots (e.g., Figs 1A, 7A, 14A), anterior spots sometimes reduced or obliterated, posterior spots sometimes enlarged and confluent; mesonotum setae generally either entirely black (e.g., Fig 14A) or with lateral longitudinal stripes of silver to golden setae (e.g., Fig. 17A, D); occipital carina equally wide throughout ..................................... 4</p><p>4. Head and mesosomal dorsum with setae entirely black, silvery-white setae greatly reduced on entire body, often completely absent (Figs 4A–B, 14A–B) ........................................................................ 5</p><p>– Silvery-white setae always conspicusouly present at least on propodeal dorsum and/or vertex (e.g., Fig. 3E) ............................................................................................................................................. 6</p><p>5. Post-mesonotal tubercle present, sometimes reduced but still conspicuous; lateral surface of propodeum usually with large, unsculptured smooth area posteriorly; silvery-white setae present, though greatly reduced, on different areas of T2–4, S1–4, and often on metapleuron (Fig. 14B) (mostly found in the southern Amazon) ......................................... T. quadripustulata (Klug, 1821)</p><p>– Post-mesonotal tubercle absent; lateral surface of propodeum usually uniformly and densely areaolatepunctate to foveolate-punctate; body setae almost all black(Fig. 4A–B); if different color setae present, then of a coppery-golden tone and reduced to inconspicuous patches on fringes of T2–4 medially and/or laterally (Fig. 5B) (mostly found in Cerrado areas) ......... T. chrysozona (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>6. T2 virtually devoid of sculpture anterolaterally, smooth, shining and asetose (Fig. 20A, C); in addition to dense short black and silvery-white setae, entire body (except mandibles, antennae, and tarsi) clothed with dense conspicuously long brownish setae (known only from Cerrado areas so far) (Fig. 20A, C) ........................................................................................ T. ursina (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>– T2 at most with sparser sculpture and setation anterolaterally; body setae usually of equal length throughout, either black or silvery-white, never brownish (e.g., Fig. 1A–C) .................................. 7</p><p>7. Post-mesonotal tubercle absent, at most with slight swelling of lateral margin posterior to mesonotal projection; T2 with orange integumental spots which can sometimes be dulled in color (found only in Cerrado/Atlantic Forest transition zones so far) (Fig. 7A–C) ...... T. funebris (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>– Post-mesonotal tubercle present, often reduced but still conspicuous; T2 integumental spots yellowish or reddish (e.g., Figs 3A, 17A) ......................................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Integumental spots of T2 with scatterd foveolations usually restricted to the edges (Fig. 17A); spots yellowish in color, often linear in shape (commonly found in Cerrado and Caatinga areas) (Fig. 17D) ............................................................................................ T. sancta (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>– Integumental spots of T2 with sparse foveolations throughout; spots reddish, always subquadrate or subrectangular (e.g., Figs 1A, 3E) .................................................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Lateral surface of propodeum densely areolate-punctate with smooth flat intervals; intervals conspicuously broader along posterior margin of lateral propodeal surface; vertex and mesonotum conspicuously clothed with silvery-white to silvery-golden appressed setae (known from Cerrado, Pampa and Atlantic Forest) (Fig. 3A, E) ............................................ T. austera (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>– Lateral surface of propodeum densely areolate-punctate with sharp homogeneous intervals (Fig. 1C); vertex and mesonotum clothed with black setae only (common in Chaco, Pampa, and xeric regions of Argentina) (Fig. 1A) ................................................................................... T. ameliae Casal, 1969</p><p>Key to the known color forms of the T. quadrinotata species-group females</p><p>1. Mesonotum with transverse band of silvery or golden setae ............................................................ 2</p><p>– Mesonotum entirely black, with parallel longitudinal stripes of silvery setae, or with separated spots of silvery setae .................................................................................................................................. 7</p><p>2. T2 having four integumental spots ................................................................................................... 3</p><p>– T2 having two integumental spots .................................................................................................... 4</p><p>3. Head clothed entirely with black setae ............................................................................................... ....................................... T. quadrinotata (Klug, 1821) [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>– Frons clothed with golden setae ......................................................................................................... ........ T. tetratrauma Bartholomay &amp; Williams sp. nov. [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>4. Spots of T2 broadly confluent ........................................................................................................... 5</p><p>– Spots of T2 widely separated ............................................................................................................ 6</p><p>5. Vertex clothed with silvery-white setae .............................................................................................. ......................................... T. incerta (Spinola, 1841) [color form found in Peru, Huanuco province]</p><p>– Vertex clothed with black setae .......................................................................................................... .. T. incerta (Spinola, 1841) [color form found in southwestern Brazilian Amazon, Rondônia State]</p><p>6. Vertex clothed with silvery-white setae .............................................................................................. ...................................... T. incerta (Spinola, 1841) [formerly known as T. weyrauchi Mickel, 1952]</p><p>– Vertex clothed with black setae ............................. T. incerta (Spinola, 1841) [nominotypical form]</p><p>7. Mesosomal dorsum clothed entirely with black setae ...................................................................... 8</p><p>– Mesosomal dorsum having longitudinal white stripes at least on propodeum ................................. 9</p><p>8. Spots of T2 yellow; pleural setae white; T2–5 having white setae spots medially ............................ ...................................................................... T. quadripustulata (Klug, 1821) [nominotypical form]</p><p>– Spots of T2 red; pleural setae black; T2–5 clothed entirely with black setae ..................................... ................ T. chrysozona (Gerstaecker, 1874) [formerly known as T. lugubrina (Dalla Torre, 1897)]</p><p>9. Mesosomal stripes of silvery-white setae restricted to propodeum ................................................ 10</p><p>– Mesosomal stripes, even if absent from propodeum, extending at least onto mesonotum .............11</p><p>10. Tibial spurs white ................. T. ameliae (Casal, 1969) [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>– Tibial spurs black ...... T. funebris (Gerstaecker, 1874) [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>11. Mesosomal stripes divided, mesonotum with broad spots of silvery-white setae; T2 with red integumental spots .......................................................................................................................... 12</p><p>– Meosomal stripes continuous; T2 with yellow integumental spots ................................................ 13</p><p>12. Vertex with medial spots of silvery-white setae ................................................................................. ......................................................................... T. austera (Gerstaecker, 1874) [nominotypical form]</p><p>– Vertex clothed with black setae only .................................................................................................. ........................ T. austera (Gerstaecker, 1874) [formerly known as T. sigillata (Gerstaecker, 1874)]</p><p>13. Vertex with transverse band of silvery-white setae ............................................................................ ....... T. sancta (Gerstaecker, 1874) [color form found in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Midwestern Brazil]</p><p>– Vertex clothed entirely with black setae ......................................................................................... 14</p><p>14. Stripes of mesosoma extending to pronotum; with long erect setae throughout body dorsum .......................... T. ursina (Gerstaecker, 1874) [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>– Stripes of mesosoma terminating on mesonotum; all dorsal setae short and mostly appressed ..... 15</p><p>15. Posterior integumental spots of T2 ovate or subquadrate, widely separated ...................................... ........................................................................... T. sancta (Gerstaecker, 1874) [nominotypical form]</p><p>– Posterior integumental spots of T2 transversely linear, narrowly separated ...................................... ............................... T. sancta (Gerstaecker, 1874) [formerly known as T. solemnis (Cresson, 1902)]</p><p>Key to males of the T. quadrinotata species-group</p><p>1. Apex of cuspis with short setae (Figs 9E, 19E) ................................................................................ 2</p><p>– Apex of cuspis with long setae ......................................................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Pronotum sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate with micropunctate intervals, concealed by dense silvery-white setation (Fig. 9A) (predominantly found in the Amazon Forest areas) ........................ ..................................................................................................................... T. incerta (Spinola 1841)</p><p>– Pronotum densely and finely foveolate-punctate without micropunctured intervals, sculpture mostly exposed, setae black (Fig. 19A) (predominantly found in Atlantic Forest areas) .............................. ............................................................................... T. tetratrauma Bartholomay &amp; Williams sp. nov.</p><p>3. Lateral suface of propodeum and metapleuron clothed with dense appressed silvery-golden setae .. .............................................................................................................. T. quadrinotata (Klug, 1821)</p><p>– Lateral surface of propodeum at most with sparse erect silvery-white setae; metapleuron at most with sparse appressed black or silvery-white setae .......................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Body setae predominantly black with coppery-golden areas ...... T. chrysozona (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>– Body setae predominantly black with silvery-white areas ............................................................... 5</p><p>5. Wings brown infuscated on apical third, hyaline-brown elsewhere; T2 clothed entirely with silvery-white setae ...................................................................................... T. quadripustulata (Klug, 1821)</p><p>– Wings entirely dark brown with strong violaceous and blueish reflections; T2 almost entirely clothed with black setae or at most with silvery-white setae on anterior half ............................................... 6</p><p>6. Silvery-white setae markings of propodeum and T2 dense, completely obscuring integument beneath ............................................................................................................ T. ameliae Casal, 1969</p><p>– Silvery-white setae markings of propodeum and T2 sparse, if apparently dense, then never completely obscuring integument beneath .......................................................................................................... 7</p><p>7. Cuspis length approximately 0.65 × paramere length; paracuspis relatively well developed, almost node-like (Fig. 11F, N); posterior margin of penis valve subtruncate; silvery-white setae present throughout propodeal dorsum .................................................. T. pompiliformis (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>– Cuspis length approximately 0.85 × paramere length; paracuspis poorly developed, lobe-like; posterior margin of penis valve evenly convex; silvery-white setae restricted to posterior half of propodeal dorsum ........................................................................... T. infernalis (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>Key to the known color forms of the T. quadrinotata species-group males</p><p>1. Body with black and golden to cupreous setae ................................................................................. 2</p><p>– Body with black and silvery-white setae .......................................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Wings with basal third hyaline-brown, conspicuously less infuscated than remainder of wing membrane ..................... T. quadrinotata (Klug, 1821) [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>– Wings completely dark brown, without any conspicuously lighter areas ........................................ 3</p><p>3. Lateral surface of propodeum clothed with golden setae only ........................................................... ........ T. tetratrauma Bartholomay &amp; Williams sp. nov. [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>– Lateral surface of propodeum clothed with black setae only ........................................................... 4</p><p>4. Propodeum and base of T2 clothed with dense golden setae ............................................................. ............................... T. chrysozona (Gerstaecker, 1874) [formerly known as T. dives (André, 1906)]</p><p>– Propodeum and base of T2 clothed having mostly black setae, at most having some scattered golden setae .......................................................... T. chrysozona (Gerstaecker, 1874) [nominotypical form]</p><p>5. Pronotum densely clothed with silvery-white setae ......................................................................... 6</p><p>– Pronotum clothed predominantly with black setae, if silvery-white setae present, then always sparse and mostly erect ................................................................................................................................ 9</p><p>6. Fringe of T2–3 clothed only with black setae medially ...................................................................... ................................................. T. ameliae Casal, 1969 [nominotypical and only known color form]</p><p>– Fringe of T2–3 clothed with silvery-white setae throughout ............................................................ 7</p><p>7. Fringe of T4 clothed with silvery-white setae throughout .................................................................. ............................ T. quadripustulata (Klug, 1821) [formerly known as T. maraca (Cresson, 1902)]</p><p>– Fringe of T4 clothed with black setae medially and silver-white setae laterally .............................. 8</p><p>8. S4 fringe with black setae ................................................................................................................... .......................................... T. incerta (Spinola, 1841) [formerly known as T. dentata (Smith, 1879)]</p><p>– S4 fringe with silvery-white setae .......... T. incerta [formerly known as T. dignitosa Mickel, 1952]</p><p>9. T2 clothed almost entirely with silvery-white setae, more densely on anterior third ......................... ....................... T. quadripustulata (Klug, 1821) [formerly known as Mutilla pruinosa Smith, 1855]</p><p>– T2 clothed predominantly witth black setae, at most with patches of silvery-white setae on anterior third ................................................................................................................................................. 10</p><p>10. Propodeal setae mostly black, silvery-white setae restricted to posterior surface of propodeum ...... ................................................. T. infernalis (Gerstaecker, 1874) [nominotypical form and formerly known as T. floccos (Gerstaecker, 1874),no discernible difference between holotypes]</p><p>– Silvery-white setae present throughout propodeal dorsum ........ T. pompiliformis (Gerstaecker, 1874) [nominotypical form and formerly known as T. serra (Cresson, 1902), no discernible difference between holotypes]</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD345FFB13F092A1B4605FDC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD348FFB63F322BD54096FACD.text	102A879CD348FFB63F322BD54096FACD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla ameliae Casal 1969	<div><p>Traumatomutilla ameliae Casal, 1969</p><p>Figs 1–2</p><p>Traumatomutilla ameliae Casal, 1969: 291 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carinae equally wide throughout; anterolateral carinae absent in scutellar area; lateral surface of propodeum evenly and densely sculptured with sharp intervals; T2 with two pairs of red integumental spots; body setae silvery-white in color; setae markings of mesosomal dorsum restricted to propodeum.</p><p>Male</p><p>Apex of cuspis with long setae; body setae black and silvery-white in color; wings dark brown infuscated throughout with strong violaceous and blueish reflections; setae markings of propodeum and T2 dense, concealing integument beneath.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype ARGENTINA • ♀; Tucumán, S. [San] Pedro de Colalao; Jan. 1949; Arnau leg.; AMNH.</p><p>Other material examined (16 ♀ ♀, 5 ♂ ♂)</p><p>ARGENTINA – Catamarca • 1 ♂; Santa Maria; Jan. 1994; Fritz leg.; AMNH . – Salta • 1 ♀; La Viña; Dec. 1992; M.A. Fritz leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Jan. 1984; M.A. Fritz leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Feb. 1984; M.A. Fritz leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Jan. 1988; M.A. Fritz leg.; AMNH • 2 ♂♂; Dec. 1992; Fritz leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Rosario Lerme [Rosario de Lerma]; Feb. 1993; M.A. Fritz leg.; AMNH • 2 ♂♂; 21–23 Dec. 1983; M. Wasbauer leg.; UCDC • 1 ♂; El Carmen; Jan. 1983; Fritz leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Sumalao; Mar. 1991; Fritz leg.; USU • 1 ♀; Alemania; Feb. 1983; M.A. Fritz leg.; AMNH . – Santiago del Estero • 1 ♀; Chaco de Santiago del Estero, Rio Salado; MNCN .</p><p>BOLIVIA – Santa Cruz • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.522335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.9445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.522335/lat -19.9445)">12 km N [kilometers north of] Camiri</a>; 19°56.67′ S, 63°31.34′ W; 27 Feb.–7 Mar. 1999; M.E. Irwin and F. Parker leg.; USU .</p><p>PARAGUAY – Boquerón • 1 ♀; E. [East] of La Patria; 30 Mar. 2006; U. Dreschel leg.; FSCA • 2 ♀♀; Filadelfia, Chaco; Jan. 1995; Arriagada leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Filadelfia; Jan. 1995; Arriagada leg.; USU • 2 ♀♀; Loma Plata; Jan. 1956; Gerlach leg.; AMNH . – Presidente Hayes • 1 ♀; Lolita, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.633335/lat -23.1)">Yaragui, 390’</a>; 23°06′ S, 59°38′ W; 23–27 Nov. 2007; U. Dreschel leg.; FSCA .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 13–21 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.75 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view slightly longer than distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate, less densely so on malar space. Genal carina well defined. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well defined, narrowly disconnected from antennal tubercles, connected to lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 1.9× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.4× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Length 0.85 × width. Mesosomal dorsum mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with apparent sharp to scabrous intervals where visible. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, short, slightly shorter than pronotal collar, coarsely striated longitudinally throughout with dense coarse punctures dorsomedially; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, projected dorsally, broadly separated from conspicuously projected angulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded, bulging. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense micropunctures except at smooth conspicuous subacute tubercle anterior to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron densely micropunctate anteriorly, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate ventrad on mesopleural ridge; metapleuron unsculptured, smooth and shining on dorsal third, densely, coarsely and confusedly areolate on basal third, and concealed by dense setation elsewhere. Lateral surface of propodeum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate throughout with sharp intervals. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 70: 83: 87: 60:60. Lateral margin of mesonotum conspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into sharp process; with very small conspicuous blunt post-mesonotal tubercle. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area vestigial. Scutellar scale present, reduced, as narrow as surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals absent on scutellar area. Propodeum somewhat gibbose, dorsal surface shorter than and poorly distinguished from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 28: 64: 67. Disc of T2 mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures where visible; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, densely foveolate-punctate. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, slightly higher medially. S2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3–4 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S4 densely foveolate-punctate; S6 sparsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical third of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Male (hitherto unknown)</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 13–18 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins of head convergent immediately behind eyes, contiguous with eye outline in dorsal view. Width 0.8× pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 4.4× DLO, IOD 1.4× DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface sparsely and finely punctate, with sparse interspersed micropunctures along posterior margin of vertex; sculpture sparser and finer posterad. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; sculpture concealed by dense setation; apical/ ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute free teeth. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 1.9× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.3× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth smaller than inner tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets well defined, subangulately projected from anterior margin of pronotum, separated from well-defined pronounced humeral carina, anterolateral corners of pronotum angulate. Anterior surface of pronotum, with sparse fine to dense coarse punctures laterad, mostly unsculptured mediad; with medial longitudinal slightly concave smooth area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to pucntate. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis and notaulus reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum; with medial longitudinal carina on posterior half. Mesoscutellum somewhat gibbose, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate, with well-defined dorsal and posterior surfaces; dorsal surface as broad as long, with intervals aligned basally so as to form irregular longitudinal carina restricted to dorsal surface. Axilla produced posterolaterally as obliquely truncate projection, with inner margin straigth; projection coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate except at unsculptured apical third. Metanotum wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, mostly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; sculpture of lateral surface absent along anterior margin; dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely and vestigially punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous acute spine-like projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron micropunctate throughout, except basal third densely and coarsely areolate.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins.</p><p>METASOMA. T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 0.9× as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidium, partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments; pygidial plate slightly broader than long, weakly defined by somewhat arched carinae laterally; surface irregularly granulose to rugose with interspersed coarse punctures apicad. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; sculpture sparser mediad; anteromedial crest-fold present, sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced posteriorly, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 83: 58: 22. Paramere almost straight in dorsal view, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view; almost asetose except for sparse scattered inconspicuous setae throughout. Cuspis narrow, elongate, almost straight and slightly sinuous throughout in dorsal view, upcurved and slightly wider posterad in lateral view, with conspicuous tuft of long setae at apex, inconspicuous short setae elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, slightly longer than wide, with subacute projection posteroventrally on posterior margin, projection with single setae, otherwise asetose. Digitus slightly incurved in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, apex subcapitate in lateral view, with short inconspicuous setae on dorsal surface. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of acute teeth posteroventrally, without defined lateral pocket on outer margin, apical distance between teeth 0.1× length of valve, dense setae present along convex posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer margin, setae longer ventrad, posterior margin sloping dorsad.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black, except mandible and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four large reddish integumental spots. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except the following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: coxae, ventral surface of meso and metafemora, mesopleuron posteroventrally, metapleuron, propodeal dorsum laterally, and lateral surface of propodeum; T1 entirely, integumental spots, lateral areas, lateral felt line and lateral margins of T2, fringe of T2– 4 medially and laterally, fringe of T5, and T6, except pygidial plate medially; S1–4, and fringes of S2–3.</p><p>Male</p><p>Integument black, except antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly black varying in density except the following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: propodeum, legs predominantly; T1, anterior half to anterior third of T2, lateral felt lines and lateral margins of T2, fringe of T2–5 medially and laterally (vestigial medially on T2–5 and laterally on T5); S1–5, except fringe of T5.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay (Boquerón and Presidente Hayes), and Argentina (Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Catamarca).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The sex association of T. ameliae was based on distribution since both sexes were the southernmost records of the T. quadrinotata species-group and have been collected in the same areas across Argentina. Both sexes have consistent and apparently unvariable color and setae characters, typical of northern Argentinean mutillids. Based on structure, especially the lateral propodeal surface sculpture and lateral mesonotal expansions, females of T. ameliae are similar to T. sancta .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD348FFB63F322BD54096FACD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD34FFFAA3F0E2CEB4148FEFF.text	102A879CD34FFFAA3F0E2CEB4148FEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla austera (Gerstaecker 1874)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla austera (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Mutilla austera Gerstaecker, 1874: 70 .</p><p>Mutilla sigillata Gerstaecker, 1874: 70 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) austera – André 1902: 54.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) sigillata – André 1902; 56.</p><p>Traumatomutilla austera – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla sigillata – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carina equally wide throughout; anterolateral carinae absent in scutellar area; body setae black and silvery-white in color; lateral surface of propodeum densely but unevenly sculptured, with conspicuous unsculptured areas; T2 with two pairs of reddish integumental spots; mesonotum with a pair of posterolateral oblique dense setae patches.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla austera</p><p>URUGUAY • ♀; [Salto], Salto Grande [Salto]; Sello S. leg.; ZMB.</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla sigillata</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; [Rio Grande do Sul], Casapava [Caçapava do Sul]; Sello S. leg.; ZMB.</p><p>Other material examined (40 ♀♀)</p><p>BRAZIL – Distrito Federal • 1 ♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; Bráulio Dias leg.; AMNH. – Goiás • 4 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; Goyasz [Goiás]; n.o proc. [número de procedência] 18/242; MNRJ • 1 ♀; [unintelligible label]; MNHN • 1 ♀; Leopoldo Bulhões; Dec. 1939; Spitz leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Trindade; 1952; MNHN • 1 ♀; Goiânia; Dec. 1942; Gonçalvez leg.; AMNH. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; Reinhardt leg.; UMSP • 2 ♀♀; Reinhardt leg.; ZMUC • 1 ♀; Campos Gerais; MNHN • 1 ♀; Sertão de Diamantina, Fazenda das Melancias; 10 Nov. 1902; E. Gounelle leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Sete Lagoas; Reinhardt leg.; ZMUC • 2 ♀♀; Uberaba; SDEI • 1 ♀; E. Le Moult leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Ibiá; 1965; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Passos; 16–22 Jan. 1963; C. Elias leg.; DZUP. – Paraná • 1 ♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; Carambehy [Carambeí]; 27 Jun. 1937; Westerman leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Ponta Grossa; Mar. 1946; Justus leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Parque Estadual da Vila Velha; 3 Mar. 2012; L.P. Amaral-Neto leg.; DZUP. – São Paulo • 2 ♀♀; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; Nov. 1900; A. Hembel leg.; UMSP • 1 ♀; Campinas; Feb. 1924; F.X. Williams leg.; UMSP • 2 ♀♀; [unintelligible label]; 1914; MNHN • 2 ♀♀; Jundiaí; 15 Dec. 1960; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Iperó [sic], George Oeterer [sic]; 22 Nov. 1961; F. Grossmann leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; São Paulo, Ipiranga [bairro Ipiranga]; Fev. 1910; H. Luederwaldt leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Corumbai; Sep. 1963; DZUP . – Locality unknown • 1 ♀; ZMUC .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 14–16 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8× pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 1.1× the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate; sculpture sparser on gena and malar space. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex, with small subapical tooth, unarmed ventrally. Dorsal scrobal carina well defined, reaching antennal tubercles and narrowly separated from lateral scrobal carinae. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.2× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.75 × pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Mesosoma 0.9× as long as wide. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with irregular intervals. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, short, slightly shorter than pronotal collar, coarsely striated longitudinally basad with dense coarse punctures dorsad; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, projected dorsally, broadly separated from slightly projected rounded epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margins of pronotum, rounded. Lateral surface of pronotum densely foveolate-punctate with micropunctures, except low blunt tubercle anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron mostly concealed by dense setation, densely micropunctate anteriorly, and densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate on mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron completely concealed by dense setation, except dorsal fourth unsculptured, smooth and shining. Lateral surface of propodeum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate throughout with dull intervals. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 68: 76: 84: 57:60. Lateral margin of mesonotum strongly constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt process; post-mesonotal tubercle present, inconspicuous. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from side of mesosoma. Post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, greatly reduced, as narrow as surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae absent. Propodeum gibbose in lateral view, surdorsal surface shorter than and poorly distinguished from posterior face.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 35: 79: 78. Disc of T2 mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed coarse micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, almost concealed by dense setation, densely foveolate-punctate where visible. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser mediad; anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–5 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S6 sparsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black, except mandibles partially and antennal flagellomeres ventrally reddish-brown, and T2 with four reddish to orange integumental spots. Body setae predominantly silverygolden, except the following areas with black setae varying in density: malar space, gena, vertex posterolaterally, ventral surface of head; pronotum, mesonotum anteromedially, mesopleuron anteriorly, scutellar area, propodeal dorsum medially; T1 medially, disc of T2 (except integumental spots), fringe of T2–4 sublaterally, fringe of T5 medially, T6 medially, fringe of S4, and S5–6. Some specimens have the silvery-golden marking of the mesonotum larger, nearly confluent medially; silvery-golden setae greatly reduced on propodeal dorsum, nearly absent; venter of metasoma completely clothed with black to brownish-black setae, T6 completely clothed with black to brownish-black setae; medial marking of silvery-golden setae on T3 greatly reduced, nearly absent.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay (Salto).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Traumatomutilla austera has a distinct color pattern (Fig. 3A–B, E–F) that varies slightly in the mesosomal dorsum but has no intermediate forms with other known patterns. Certain specimens have patches of somewhat dense appressed silvery-white setae on the lateral surface of the propodeum that are also found in T. funebris and, more notably, in the Atlantic Forest species ( T. quadrinotata and T. tetratrauma sp. nov.). The structure of T. austera, however, is different from these species, being finer and homogeneous as opposed to the overall coarser sculpture of most species within the T. quadrinotata species-group. Based on distribution, T. austera is one of four possible candidates for association with T. infernalis or T. pompiliformis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD34FFFAA3F0E2CEB4148FEFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD353FFA13CF6281D4733FE4F.text	102A879CD353FFA13CF6281D4733FE4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla chrysozona (Gerstaecker 1874)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla chrysozona (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>Figs 4–6</p><p>Mutilla lugubris Burmeister, 1854: 8 (nec Fabricius, 1804; ♀ nec ♂).</p><p>Mutilla chrysozona Gerstaecker, 1874: 315 .</p><p>Mutilla burmeisteri Gerstaecker, 1874: 316 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Mutilla lugubrina Dalla Torre, 1897: 55 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) dives André, 1906: 66 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) burmeisteri – André 1902: 54.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) chrysogona – André 1902: 54 (misspelling).</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) lugubris – André 1902: 55 (misspelling).</p><p>Traumatomutilla burmeisteri – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla chrysozona – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla lugubrina – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla dives – Nonveiller 1990: 77.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carina equally wide throughout; anterolateral carinae absent in scutellar area; body setae almost entirely black, at most with vestigial coppery setae in some metasomal fringes; T2 with two pairs of dark red integumental spots.</p><p>Male</p><p>Apex of cuspis with long setae; body setae black with conspicuous coppery areas.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla chrysozona</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; S. Paul [São Paulo]; Sello S. leg.; ZMB.</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla dives</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; Piauhy [Piauí]; HNHM.</p><p>Other material examined (37 ♀♀, 23 ♂♂)</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; Lavras Novas, Ouro Preto; 4 Dec. 1995; A.M. Daniel leg.; MIUP • 2 ♂♂; Passa Quatro, 915 m [above sea level]; 27 Feb. 1922; J. Zikán leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Poços de Caldas; Nov. 1961; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; 29 Dec. 1969; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Campo do Saco; 12 Dec. 1967; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Seminario; 10 Dec. 1967; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Mo S [Serra de Santo] Domingos; 18 Dec. 1967; MNRJ • 2 ♂♂; Serra do Caraça; MZSP • 1 ♂; 1880 m [above sea leve]; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 27 Nov.– 5 Dec. 1972; Exp. Mus. Zool. [Expedição Museu de Zoologia] leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; 1880 m a.s.l.; Nov. 1961; Kloss, Lenko, Martins and Silva leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Jan. 1970; F.M. Oliviera leg.; AEIC • 1 ♀; Barbacena; 15 Dec. 1905; Ducke leg.; MNHN • 1 ♂; 6 km NE [kilometers northeast] of Careacu; 10 Dec. 2012; G.A.R. Melo and P. Grossi; DZUP . – Piauí • 1 ♀; Piauí; Mocszary leg.; MNHN . – São Paulo • 4 ♂♂; UMSP • 18 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; SDEI • 1 ♀; 1 Nov. 1920; SDEI • 1 ♀; San Pablo [sic!]; AMNH • 1 ♂; Ipiranga; MZSP • 1 ♂; Nov. 1919; MZSP • 1 ♂; 30 Mar. 1936; CASC • 1 ♀; 31 May 1950; R. Spitz leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Jan. 1907; S.M. Torres leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Santo Amaro; Jan. 1949; J. Lane leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Jun. 1932; Lane leg.; MNCN • 1 ♂; MZSP • 1 ♂; Jundiaí; 12 Dec. 1899; Schrottky leg.; MNHN • 1 ♂; 15 Dec. 1899; Schrottky leg.; MNHN • 1 ♀; Barueri; 28 Dec. 1965; K. Lenko leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Cotia; SDEI • 1 ♀; Capital [São Paulo]; 20 May 1956; L. Tzarasios and P. Nogueira leg.; CASC. – Locality unknown • 2 ♀♀; SDEI • 1 ♀; Alto da Serra [sic!]; Feb. 1929; F. Spitz leg.; MZSP .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 15 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and slightly swollen laterally. Vertex width 0.75× pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view almost equal to distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate, less densely so on malar space. Genal carina well defined. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well defined, narrowly disconnected from antennal tubercles. Lateral scrobal carina almost absent. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.6× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.9× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Length 0.8 × width. Mesosomal dorsum mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with apparent sharp to scabrous intervals where visible. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, short, slightly shorter than pronotal collar, coarsely striated longitudinally throughout with dense coarse punctures dorsad; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, slightly projected dorsally, broadly separated from conspicuously projected 195 angulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded, bulging. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense micropunctures except at smooth conspicuous subacute tubercle anterior to pronotal spiracle, distance between tubercles wider than distance between pronotal spiracles; mesopleuron mostly concealed by dense setation, densely micropunctate anteriorly, and densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate on mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron completely concealed by dense setation, except small posterior area on dorsal fourth unsculptured, smooth and shining. Lateral surface of propodeum mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate throughout with interspersed micropunctures where visible; intervals dull and blunt where visible. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 70: 83: 87:60: 60. Lateral margin of mesonotum conspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt process; post-mesonotal tubercle absent. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; postspiracular area indistinguishable. Scutellar scale present, as wide or wider than surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae present, approximately twice as wide as scutellar scale; scabrous intervals vestigial on scutellar area. Propodeum simply convex, dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 28: 64: 67. Disc of T2 mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed coarse micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, almost concealed by dense setation, densely foveolate-punctate where visible. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, slightly higher medially. S2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–5 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S6 sparsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Male</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 14–16 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins of head convergent immediately behind eyes, but not contiguous with eye outline in dorsal view. Width 0.85 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 4.3× DLO, IOD 1.0× DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface sparsely and finely punctate; sculpture sparser and finer posterad. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate medially and along apical/ventral margin laterally; apical/ ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute free teeth medially. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.1 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.9× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth smaller than inner tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets well defined, sharply projected from anterior margin of pronotum, separated from well-defined humeral carina, anterolateral corners of pronotum not angulate.Anterior surface of pronotum, with sparse fine punctures laterad with interspersed micropunctures, mostly unsculptured mediad; with medial longitudinal slightly concave smooth area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate with somewhat sharp intervals. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum, notaulus absent. Scutellum sloping throughout, somewhat depressed medially, without defined dorsal and posterior surfaces, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate; anterior intervals somewhat aligned so as to form vestigial irregular longitudinal carina medially. Axilla produced posterolaterally as obliquely truncate projection, with inner margin slightly curved inward apicad in dorsal view; projection coarsely foveolate-punctate basad, unsculptured, smooth, shining apicad. Metanotum slightly wider laterad, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, mostly concealed, densely areolate; sculpture of lateral surface absent along most of anterior margin; dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely and vestigially punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous blunt projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron partially concealed by dense setation, micropunctate where visible, except basal third densely and coarsely areolate.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins.</p><p>METASOMA. T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 0.9× as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidial plate, partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments; pygidial plate slightly broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae laterally; surface densely micropunctate throughout. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; sculpture sparser mediad; anteromedial crest-fold present, sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced posteriorly, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 96:83: 22. Paramere almost straight with slightly outcurved apex in dorsal view, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view; almost asetose except for sparse scattered inconspicuous setae throughout, setae more evident in lateral view. Cuspis narrow, elongate, almost straight throughout and slightly wider posterad in dorsal view, almost straight and slightly wider posterad in lateral view, with conspicuous tuft of long setae at apex, inconspicuous short setae elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, broader than long, posterior margin simply convex, with inconspicuous sparse setae. Digitus slightly incurved in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, soncpisuously narrower posterad in lateral view, apex subcapitate, with short inconspicuous setae on dorsal surface. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of teeth posteroventrally, posteriormost tooth acute, anterior tooth subacute to blunt, with poorly defined lateral pocket on outer margin, apical distance between teeth 0.1× length of valve, dense setae present along truncate posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer margin, posterior margin setae longer ventrad.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black, except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four large dark-orange to dark-red integumental spots. Body setae almost entirely black varying in density, except the following areas with vestigial traces of coppery-golden to silvery-golden setae: lateral margin of T2, fringe of T2 medially and laterally, fringe of T3 laterally, fringe of S3 laterally, fringe of T4 medially and laterally.</p><p>Male</p><p>Integument black to brownish-black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except the following areas with coppery-golden setae: posterior half of T1, anterior margin of T2, fringe of T2–4, fringe of S2–3, and fringe of S4 laterally. Certain specimens may have coppery-golden setae on posterior half of scutellum and covering dorsal surface of propodeum, T1, and anterior third of T2 entirely.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Piauí, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The association and synonymy of T. chrysozona with T. lugubrina was initially confusing, as the females ( T. lugubrina) usually have exclusively black setae, while the males are extensively covered with brilliant coppery setae. Many females in São Paulo, however, have traces of coppery setae that are the same tint as seen in males from São Paulo, and differ from the setal markings of other members of the T. quadrinotata species-group. One additional male, T. dives from Piaui and Minas Gerais, is identical to the type of T. chrysozona in every aspect except it has the propodeal dorsum clothed with dense coppery setae. Though we haven’t seen any intermediate forms between T. chrysozona and T. dives, we consider T. dives to be conspecific with T. chrysozona, as their external morphology and genitalia are indistinguishable. Further, although females of T. lugubrina are known from Minas Gerais, males of the typical form are apparently restricted to São Paulo. We therefore hypothesize that T. dives is a northern color variant of T. chrysozona .</p><p>Burmeister (1854) described both sexes of Mutilla lugubris based on at least two specimens from Queluz (present day Conselheiro Lafaiete) and Ouro Preto in Minas Gerais. Gerstaecker (1874) stated that he was unable to locate the male specimen of M. lugubris, considered both sexes as distinct species, and described the male as a new species, M. burmeisteri, without actually seeing the specimen. The original description of the male of M. lugubris in Burmeister (1854) mentioned that the male has a narrow reddish band on the abdomen (meaning metasoma), and Gerstaecker (1874) placed M. burmeisteri in a subcategory that included only males with black spurs and reddish markings on the metasoma, probably based on Burmeister’s original description of the reddish band. The black spurs are evident in T. chrysozona and it’s very likely that the narrow reddish band mentioned by Burmeister (1854) is in fact his interpretation on the coppery setae clothing the fringe of T2–3, especially since he used the same word “rubra” to define the coppery metasomal marking of Hoplocrates cephalotes (Swederus, 1787) . Based on this, we place T. burmeisteri as a junior synonym of T. chrysozona .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD353FFA13CF6281D4733FE4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD358FFA43F0A2B6D4292FDA1.text	102A879CD358FFA43F0A2B6D4292FDA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla funebris Gerstaecker 1874	<div><p>Traumatomutilla funebris Gerstaecker, 1874</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Mutilla funebris Gerstaecker, 1874: 75 .</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) funebris – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Traumatomutilla funebris – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carinae equally wide throughout; anterolateral carinae lacking in scutellar area; post mesonotal tubercle absent; lateral surface of propodeum densely but not evenly sculptured, with conspicuously wide intervals; body setae pattern black and silvery-white in color, restricted to propodeum on mesosomal dorsum.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Minas Gerais; S.v. Langsdorf leg.; ZMB.</p><p>Other material examined (4 ♀♀)</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; Serra do Caraça; 1380 m [above sea leve]; Nov. 1961; Kloss, Lenko, Martins and Silva leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Serra do Cipó, Monte Ribeiro; 6 Feb. 1939; Lopes and Tupinambá leg.; MNCN. – Locality unknown • 2 ♀♀; MNHN .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 15–17 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin straight, with occipital equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view almost equal to the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Front, vertex, and gena densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with irregular intervals; sculpture sparser on malar space. Genal carina present. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex with small subapical tooth, unarmed ventrally. Dorsal scrobal carinae well defined, narrowly separated from antennal tubercles, connected to well-defined lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle coarsely punctate to irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.0× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.5× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Mesosomal length 1.5× width; pronotum 0.85 × as wide as mesothorax. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-reticulate with sharp irregular intervals. Humeral carina well developed, slightly projected apically, separated from projected subangulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Anterior surface of pronotum coarsely punctate dorsad to vestigially, coarsely and longitudinally striate ventrad. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely and coarsely punctured, with dense micropunctures and conspicuous blunt tubercle anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle. Mesopleuron partially concealed by dense setation, micropunctate anteriorly and densely coarsely foveolate-punctate along mesopleural margin where visible. Metapleuron partially concealed by dense setation, except at dorsal fourth unsculptured and smooth. Lateral surface of propodeum partially concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate, with vestigially rugose intervals. Post-spiracular area absent. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 66: 76: 86:58: 56. Lateral margin of mesonotum strongly constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt tooth-like process; with small inconspicuous tubercle posterior to lateral process. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of propodeum; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, reduced, as narrow as surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae absent; intervals irregular on scutellar area, not scabrous. Propodeum gibbose, dorsal surface much shorter than and poorly distinguished from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 33: 75: 78. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to 198 simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, longitudinally convex (wedge-like), ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold present, reduced. S3–5 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S6 densely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black except for mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with two pairs of subovate (anterior pair) and subquadrate (posterior pair) orange integumental spots; older or poorly conserved specimens may have the spots with darker more reddish tones.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Minas Gerais).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>All specimens examined are from higher altitude areas (1300–1700 m a.s.l.) transitioning between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Although the holotype has no indication of the specific location in which it was collected, it is also from Minas Gerais. This high-altitude distribution could be purely coincidental, but it is worth pointing out that Minas Gerais is one of the most relatively well-sampled areas in Brazil for velvet ants and no specimens of T. funebris were recorded in lower altitude areas so far. The large orange spots on T2 (darkened by age on the holotype) and indistinct appressed silvery-golden setae on the lateral propodeal surface of T. funebris are reminiscent of the pattern observed in T. quadrinotata . Both species are nonetheless distinct structurally, especially on the sculpture of the lateral propodeal surface and shape of the lateral mesonotal projections. Similar resemblances and differences can be observed between Hoplomutilla spinosa (Swederus, 1787) and Hoplomutilla serena (Mickel, 1939) which occur in Atlantic Forest and Cerrado/Atlantic Forest areas respectively (PRB pers. obs.). Further collecting in higher altitude areas of Minas Gerais may reveal the male of this rare species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD358FFA43F0A2B6D4292FDA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD35DFF9B3F232B3042D1FA94.text	102A879CD35DFF9B3F232B3042D1FA94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla incerta (Spinola 1841)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla incerta (Spinola, 1841)</p><p>Figs 8–9</p><p>Mutilla incerta Spinola, 1841: 93 .</p><p>Mutilla dentata Smith, 1879: 219 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Mutilla sodalicia Kohl, 1882: 490 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Traumatomutilla weyrauchi Mickel, 1945: 30 .</p><p>Traumatomutilla dignitosa Mickel, 1952: 131 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Traumatomutilla tabatinga Casal, 1969: 287 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) sodalicia – André 1902: 56.</p><p>Traumatomutilla sodalicia – André 1902: 40.</p><p>Mutilla incerta – André 1902: 73 (incertae sedis).</p><p>Traumatomutilla incerta – Mickel 1937: 196.</p><p>Traumatomutilla dentata – Nonveiller 1990: 77.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carina slightly but conspicuously swollen dorsolaterally; anterolateral carinae present in scutellar area, partially obscured by dense setation; lateral surface of propodeum predominantly smooth and shining, sculpture sparse; mesonotum with transverse band of silvery-white setae on posterior half; T2 with a pair of reddish to orange integumental spots.</p><p>Male</p><p>Apex of cuspis with short setae; pronotum densely clothed with appressed silvery-white setae; pronotal sculpture with dense micropunctures.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla incerta</p><p>[ FRENCH GUYANA] • ♀; Cayenne; D. Lebas leg.; MSNT.</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla dentata</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; [Amazonas], St Paul [São Paulo de Olivença]; NHMUK.</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla sodalicia</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; Amaz. [sic]; NHMW.</p><p>Holotype of Traumatomutilla dignitosa</p><p>GUIANA • ♂; Bartica, Bartica District; Wm. Beebe leg.; UMSP.</p><p>Holotype of Traumatomutilla tabatinga</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; Amazonas, Tabatinga; Nov. 1958; F.M. Oliveira leg.; AMNH.</p><p>Other material examined (68 ♀♀, 36 ♂♂)</p><p>BOLIVIA – Beni • 1 ♀; Dpto. [Department], 5 km NW of Rurenabaque; 18 Sep. 1994; D. Roubik leg.; MIUP . – Cochabamba • 1 ♀; Region Chapare, 400 m [above sea level]; 20 Mar. 1907; Zischka; MNCN . – La Paz • 2 ♀♀; Yungas de Coroico; 1914; MNHN. – Locality unknown • 1 ♀; Tumupasu; 1921; W.M. Mann leg.; USNM .</p><p>BRAZIL – Amapá • 1 ♀; Oiapoque, (Retiro) Ambiente de mata; 23 Oct. 2001; J. Madson leg.; HAMAB • 1 ♀; Serra Lombard, Limão; 26 Aug. 1961; J. and B. Bechyné leg.; MPEG. – Amazonas • 4 ♀♀; Manaus; RBINS • 1 ♀; Jul. 1962; F.M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Manaus, Bairro Flores; 13–20 Apr. 2009; D. Storck-Tonon leg.; INPA • 1 ♀; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.987778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.097222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.987778/lat -3.097222)">INPA 1 [Campus 1], Bosque da Ciência</a>; 3°05′50″ S, 59°59′16″ W; 10 Jun. 2017; M.A. Bento leg.; INPA • 1 ♀; Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Trilha principal; 3 Oct. 2016; G. Amora leg.; INPA • 1 ♀; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.97116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.93308" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.97116/lat -2.93308)">Reserva Ducke</a>; 2.93308° S, 58.97116° W; 19 May 2012; Medeiros leg.; INPA • 1 ♀; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.975277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.93" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.975277/lat -2.93)">Reserva Ducke</a>; 2°55′48″ S, 59°58′31″ W; 8 Jun. 2013; J.F. Saraiva leg.; INPA • 1 ♀; Teffe [Tefé]; 5 Feb. 1920; H.S. Parish leg.; FMNH • 1 ♂; Tefé; 9 Sep. 1909; Ducke leg.; MNHN • 2 ♀♀; Tonantins, Amazon River; Jul. 1923; S.M. Klages leg.; CM • 2 ♀♀; Aug. 1923; S.M. Klages leg.; CM • 1 ♀; Manacapuru, Amazon River; Sep. 1923; S.M. Klages leg.; CM • 1 ♀; Estinao [Estirão do] Equador, Rio Javari; M. Alvarenga leg.; AMNH . – Mato Grosso • 1 ♂; Sinop; 12°31′ S, 55°37′ W; Oct. 1975; F.M. Oliveira leg.; USU. – Pará • 3 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; Óbidos; Dec. 1965; Maller, A. leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Mar. 1958; USNM • 1 ♀; USNM • 1 ♀; Jul. 1959; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀; Santarém; RBINS • 1 ♂; MNHN • 1 ♀; 1923; SDEI • 1 ♂; Altér do Chão; 12–13 Sep. 1991; J. Vidal leg.; INPA • 1 ♀; Oriximiná; 2 Sep. 1919; H.S. Parish leg.; FMNH • 2 ♂♂; Jacareacanga; Dec. 1968; M. Alvarenga leg.; AEIC • 8 ♂♂; Tucurui; Jan. 1979; M. Alvarenga leg.; AEIC . – Rondônia • 1 ♀; 62 km SE [kilometers southeast of] Ariquemes; 17–24 Mar. 1989; W.J. Hanson leg.; USU • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 5–16 Nov. 1996; W.J. Hanson leg.; USU • 1 ♂; Ouro Preto d’Oeste; 20 Sep. 1987; Elias, C. leg.; DZUP .</p><p>COLOMBIA – Caquetá • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.61667/lat 0.5)">PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] Chiribiquete, Río Cuñare</a>; 0°30′ N, 72°37′ W; 300 m [above sea leve]; 1–5 Jun. 2000; E. González and M. Ospina leg.; FSCA • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.416664/lat 0.21666667)">Río Cuñare-Amu</a>; 0°13′ N, 72°25′ W; 300 m [above sea level]; 28 Feb.–3 Mar. 2001; M. Ospina and E. González leg.; USU . – Meta • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.2666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.8/lat 2.2666667)">PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] Tinigua, Vda. [sic] Bajo Raudal</a>; 2°16′ N, 73°48′ W; 460 m [above sea level]; 1–15 Mar. 2003; C. Sánchez leg.; IAvH . – Putumayo • 1 ♂; Mocoa; 4 Jul. 1978; M. Cooper leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Santa Rosa, Kofan Indian village; 10 Oct. 1970; B. Malkin leg.; FMNH • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.18333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.916664/lat -0.18333334)">PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] La Paya, Resguardo Cecílio Cocha</a>; 0°11′ S, 74°55′ W; 200 m [above sea level; 20–24 Jan. 2003; C. Sarmiento leg.; IAvH. – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.18333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.916664/lat -0.18333334)">Locality unknown</a> – 2 ♂♂; IAvH • 1 ♀; Rio Negro [sic], Ost Columb. [western Colombia]; MNCN</p><p>ECUADOR – El Oro • 1 ♀; 21–25 km E [east of] Atahualpa; 27–31 Sep. 1997; F.T. Hovore leg.; UCDC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.0/lat -1.0)">25 km E [east of] Atahualpa</a>; 1°00′ S, 78°00′ W; 1–6 Oct. 1997; F.T. Hovore leg.; USU . – Morona Santiago • 1 ♀; Santiago; Feb. 1986; L. Coloma leg.; MIUP . – Napo • 1 ♀; Tiputini Biodiversity Station ; 20 Jul. 1999; M.J. Miller leg.; UAIC • 1 ♀; Archidona; R. Haensch leg.; MNCN • 1 ♀; Misahualli, nr. [near] Tena; 10 Jan. 1989; B.J. Nichols leg.; UMRM • 1 ♀; Misahualli, nr. [near] Tena; 13–20 Jun. 1998; C. and K. Messenger leg.; UNSM • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 6–19 Oct. 2001; C. Brammer leg.; USU • 1 ♀; Río Aguarico; Mar. 1992; E.S. Ross leg.; CASC . – Sucumbios • 1 ♂; Sucumbios River, Sacha Lodge; 3–23 Jun. 1994; USU • 1 ♂; Río Napo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.5/lat -0.5)">Sacha Lodge</a>; 00°30′ S, 76°30′ W; 220–230 m [above sea level]; 27 Aug.–10 Sep. 1994; P. Hibbs leg.; USU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 13 Jul. 1994; P. Hibbs leg.; USU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 270 m [above sea leve]; 13–25 Feb. 1994; P. Hibbs leg.; USU. – Locality unknown • 2 ♀♀; MNCN .</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA – Cayenne • 1 ♀; ZMUC • 1 ♀; Chavrein; 1914; R. Benoist leg.; MNHN • 1 ♀; Gourdonville; 1914; R. Benoist leg.; MNHN. – Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni • 1 ♀; Maroni, St [Saint] Laurent du Maroni; E. Le Moult; MNCN .</p><p>GUYANA – Cuyuni-Mazaruni • 1 ♂; Bartica: 1 Jun. 1924; AMNH • 1 ♀; Kartabo; Jul–Aug. 1920; W.M. Wheeler; MCZ • 1 ♀; jct. [juncture] Cuyani/Mazaruni, Essequibo Rivers; 1927; R.E. Fuglestad leg.; EMEC .</p><p>PERU – Huánuco • 1 ♀; Tingo Maria; 3 Jan. 1970; J.C. Schuster leg.; FSCA • 2 ♂♂; 23 Oct. 1946; Pallister et al. leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; vic. [vicinity] Tingo Maria; 1–5 Jun. 1999; W. Hanson and S. Keller leg.; USU • 2 ♂♂; Monson [Monzón] Valley; 16 Nov. 1954; USU . – Junín • 1 ♀; Satipo; 18 Jul. 1939; W.F. Walsh Jr leg.; MCZ . – Lima • 1 ♀; Valle Chanchamayo; 1939; P. Vaquero leg.; UMSP • 2 ♀♀; 1914; MNHN • 2 ♀♀; S. Thamm leg.; ZMB • 1 ♂; 21 Jul. 1949; J.M. Schunke leg.; NHMUK . – Loreto • 1 ♀; Amazon Camp, Río Momón, nr [near] Iquitos; 1–10 Dec. 1982; E.S. Ross leg.; CASC . – Madre de Dios • 1 ♀; Pakitza; 23–28 Feb. 1992; B.V. Brown leg.; USNM • 2 ♀♀; Pakitza; Feb. 1992; R. Cambra leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Pakitza; 30 Jun.–4 Jul. 1993; R. Cambra leg.; MIUP . – Piura • 1 ♀; Santo Domingo; NHMUK .</p><p>SURINAME – Brokopondo • 1 ♂; Brownsberg Nature Park, Irene Val Trail; 4°95′ N, 55°18′ W; 400 m [above sea level]; 25 Aug.–2 Sep. 2007; G. Kung and A. Kreuter leg.; USU .</p><p>VENEZUELA – Amazonas • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.530556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.7194445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.530556/lat 1.7194445)">Alto Río Sialba</a>; 1°43′10″ N, 64°31′50″ W; 24–25 Feb. 1989; 510 m [above sea level]; T. Lattke leg.; FSCA .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 13–20 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital slightly but conspicuously swollen dorsolaterally. Vertex width 0.8× pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view almost equal to distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head sculpture partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sharp intervals where visible. Genal carina well defined. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well defined, narrowly separated from antennal tubercles and lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.6× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.9× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Dorsal thoracic length 0.75 × maximum dorsal thoracic width. Mesosomal dorsum partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sharp intervals where visible. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, short, almost as long as pronotal collar, finely striated longitudinally throughout with sparse interspersed fine punctures dorsad; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, strongly projected dorsally, narrowly connected to conspicuously projected angulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum. Lateral surface of pronotum with sparse scattered punctures and dense micropunctures except at smooth conspicuous acute tubercle anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron partially concealed by dense setation, densely micropunctate anteriorly, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate on mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron completely concealed by dense setation, except small dorsal fourth unsculptured, smooth and shining. Lateral face of propodeum predominantly unsculptured, smooth and shining, with sparse scattered punctures. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 57: 84: 74:57: 58. Lateral margin of mesonotum conspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt process; post-mesonotal tubercle absent. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area indistinguishable. Scutellar scale present, as wide or wider than surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae present, vestigial, approximately twice as wide as scutellar scale; scutellar area with irregular intervals, not scabrous. Propodeum convex in lateral view, dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 34: 73: 66. Disc of T2 mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed coarse micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; micropunctures sparser on T4 and absent on T5; T6, except pygidial plate, almost concealed by dense setation, densely foveolate-punctate where visible. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, slightly higher medially. S2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser and smaller anteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3–5 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S6 sparsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical third of plate; surface densely and irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Male</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 14–18 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins of head convergent immediately behind eyes, but not contiguous with eye outline in dorsal view. Vertex width 0.8× pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.6× DLO, IOD almost equal to DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface sparsely and finely punctate; sculpture dense and coarser on frons. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate medially and along apical/ventral margin laterally; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute teeth medially. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 1.7× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.1× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, inner tooth larger than medial tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets well defined, slightly projected from anterior margin of pronotum, separated from well-defined humeral carina, anterolateral corners of pronotum subrounded. Anterior surface of pronotum, sparsely and finely punctate with sparse micropunctures, except medioventrally smooth and shining; evenly flat throughout. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate with interspersed micropuncutres where visible. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis and notaulus present, reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum subquadrate to subglobose, with well-defined dorsal and posterior surfaces, elevated medially into longitudinal crest extending from anterior margin of dorsal fface to posterior surface, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate. Axilla strongly produced transversely truncate projection, with inner margin slightly curved inward apicad in dorsal view; projection coarsely foveolate-punctate basad, unsculptured, smooth, shining apicad. Metanotum slightly wider laterad, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, sculpture of dorsal surface concealed by dense setation, posterior surface densely areolate; lateral surface densely areolate along posterior margin and dorsal third, almost unsculptured, smooth and shining elsewhere. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely and vestigially punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous blunt projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron partially mostly unsculptured, smooth and shining, except for vestigial rugosities on dorsal fifth and coarse areolateion on ventral fourth.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins.</p><p>METASOMA. T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 0.8× as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidial plate, partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments, denser posteromediad onT2; pygidial plate slightly longer than broad, weakly defined by parallel carinae apicolaterally; surface vestigially rugose, appearing smooth and sinning, except apical margin densely punctate and setose. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; anteromedial crest-fold and sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 63: 51: 19. Paramere slightly sinuous and posteriorly outcurved in dorsal view, upcurved apically in lateral view, with inconspicuous sparse setae throughout, setae more evident on ventral surface. Cuspis elongate, slender, almost straight and conspicuously tapered posterad in dorsal view, slightly upcurved apically and equally wide throughout in lateral view, with short sparse inconspicuous setae apically, almost astose elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, wider than long with flat dorsally sloping posterior margin, with sparse setae on posterior margin, setae as long as or longer than paracuspis length. Digitus slightly incurved in dorsal view and upcurved in lateral view, conspicuously narrower posterad in lateral view, with short inconspicuous setae on dorsal surface. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of acute teeth posteroventrally, with poorly-defined lateral pocket on outer margin, apical distance between teeth 0.1× length of valve, dense setae present along truncate posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer margin, setae on posterior margin longer ventrad, posterior margin sloping dorsad.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black, except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with two orange to reddish integumental spots. Spots vary in size and slightly in shape, from small (separated by half spot width) to large (almost confluent medially), and from almost perfectly circular to subcircular. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except the following areas usually with black setae varyin in density: ventral half of frons, gena, malar space, pronotum, anterior half of mesonotum, propodeum, T1 medially, disc of T2 (except over integumental spots), fringe of T2–3 medially, fringe of T4–5 sublaterally, T6 laterally, fringe of S5, and S6. Head setae varying from vestigial medial spot of silvery-white setae to entire head clothed with silvery-white setae. Some specimens may have the fringe of T3 entirely clothed with silvery-white setae and/or vestigial and scattered silvery-white setae on lateral margins of propodeal dorsum.</p><p>Male</p><p>Integument black to brownish-black. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density except for the following areas with black setae varying in density: ventral hald of frons (interspersed with silvery-white), mesoscutum, axillar projection, dorsal surface of scutellum, disc of T2 (except anterior third), fringe of T2–3 medially, T4–7 (except pygidial plate and vestigial silvery-white setae laterally on T4–6), fringe of S5, and S6–7. Some specimens have the silvery-white setae areas conspicuously denser and usually the fringe of T2–3 entirely clothed with dense silvery-white setae. Wings dark brown with strong vioalceous and blueish reflections. Tibial spurs yellowish-white.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Colombia (Putumayo, Caquetá and Meta), Venezuela (Amazonas), Surinam (Brokopondo), Guyana (Cuyuní-Mazaruní), French Guiana (Cayenne and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Brazil (Pará, Amapá, Amazonas, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso), Ecuador (El Oro, Napo, Morona Santiago, and Sucumbios), Peru (Madre de Dios, Loreto, Junín, Lima, Piura, and Huánuco) and Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, and Cochabamba).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The sex association between T. incerta and T. dentata is evidenced by the distribution of both species which, to the best of our knowledge, are the sole representatives of the T. quadrinotata species-group in the northwestern Amazon Forest. Even though we were unable to access the lectotype of T. incerta, numerous specimens examined were identified as this species and compared with the type by Mickel who designated the lectotype (Mickel 1937). The lectotype designation was later confirmed by Pagliano (2005), who also officially designated the paralectotypes for T. incerta and provided a photograph of said type. Close examination of T. dentata and T. dignitosa revealed that the difference between the axillar projections (Mickel 1952) is not consistent; this, coupled with their almost identical genitalia characters, and only marginally different setal characters, is sufficient basis for synonymizing these males. Casal (1969) stated that T. tabatinga differed from T. weyrauchi (then a valid species) by having transverse irregular rugosities on the pygidial plate, which was the main difference between T. incerta and T. weyrauchi mentioned by Mickel (1945). Quintero &amp; Cambra (1996a) studied a paratype of T. weyrauchi and concluded that it could not be distinguished from T. incerta . Therefore, the pygidial sculpture was shown to be inadequate for differentiating species.After examining the types of T. tabatinga and T. sodalicia, we conclude that these species are also synonymous with T. incerta and T. weyrauchi . They are all basically identical in structure, differing only in the size of the T2 integumental spots and the presence or absence of silvery-white setae on the head, with numerous intermediate specimens found between each form.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD35DFF9B3F232B3042D1FA94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD362FF9F3CF82C2347F8FE34.text	102A879CD362FF9F3CF82C2347F8FE34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla infernalis (Gerstaecker 1874)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla infernalis (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Mutilla infernalis Gerstaecker, 1874: 318 .</p><p>Mutilla floccosa Gerstaecker, 1874: 314 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) infernalis – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) floccosa – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Traumatomutilla infernalis – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla floccosa – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Male</p><p>Cuspis with long setae apically; cuspis length 0.85 × length of paramere; posterior margin of penis valve evenly convex; lateral surface of propodeum with sparse erect silvery-white seta; metapleuron setae black; wings strongly dark brown infuscated throughout, with strong violaceous and blueish reflections; propodeum and metasoma silvery-white setae sparse, never obscuring integument completely.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla infernalis</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; S. Brasilien [ Southern Brazil]; Sello S. leg.; ZMB.</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla floccosa</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; Brazil; S. Sello leg.; ZMB.</p><p>Other material examined (8 ♂♂)</p><p>BOLIVIA • 3 ♂♂; Pando, Guayaramerín; Dec. 1956; Fritz leg.; AMNH .</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Mato Grosso do Sul, Tres Lagoas, Horto Rio Verde; 19 Jul. 1994; Fletchmann leg.; FEIS .</p><p>PARAGUAY – San Pedro • 1 ♂; Río Ypané, Cororo; 5–9 Dec. 1983; M. Wasbauer leg.; UCDC • 1 ♂; Río Ypané; Nov. 1979; Fritz leg.; AMNH .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Male</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 12 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins of head convergent immediately behind eyes. Vertex width 0.86× pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 4.3× DLO, IOD 1.0 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface punctate; sculpture sparser and finer posterad. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, coarser mediad; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute free teeth medially. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.1 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.6× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth smaller than inner tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets moderate, connected to well-defined humeral carina by feeble interrupted carina, anterolateral corners of pronotum subangulate. Anterior surface of pronotum, with coarse dense punctures laterally, micropunctures sublaterally, and medial longitudinal, slightly concave, smooth, unsculptured area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate mediad to areolate-punctate laterad with somewhat sharp intervals. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis and notaulus reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum ‘box-like’, with conspicuously horizontal dorsal surface roundly angulate into nearly vertical posterior surface; dorsal surface shorter than posterior surface; sculpture densely and coarsely areolatepunctate to foveolate-punctate. Axilla produced posterolaterally as obliquely truncate projection in dorsal view; projection coarsely foveolate-punctate basad, unsculptured, smooth, shining apicad. Metanotum slightly wider laterad, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, slightly depressed sublaterally, mostly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; sculpture of lateral surface absent along most of anterior margin; dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely obscurely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous blunt projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron micropunctate, except basal third densely and coarsely areolate.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins.</p><p>METASOMA. T1 0.45 × as wide as T2. T2 0.85 × as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidial plate, partially concealed by dense setation, sparsely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments; pygidial plate slightly broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae laterally; surface densely micropunctate throughout. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina, carina slightly higher posteriorly. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate with few scattered micropunctures laterally; sculpture sparser mediad; anteromedial crest-fold present, sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced posteriorly, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 118:101: 33. Paramere almost straight in dorsal view, apex slightly curved outward, slighlty narrower posterad, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view, almost asetose except for sparse scattered inconspicuous setae throughout, setae more evident on ventral surface. Cuspis slender, elongate, slightly curved outward and tapered posterad in dorsal view, upcurved posterad and slightly wider apically in lateral view, with tuft of conspicuous long setae at apex and sparser scattered inconspicuous short setae elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, wider than long with slightly flattened sparsely setose posterior margin, setae longer than paracuspis. Digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view, strongly tapered posterad and with apex slightly upcurved in lateral view, setose anterodorsally. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of short acute teeth posteroventrally, lateral pocket on outer margin greatly reduced, apical distance between teeth 0.1× length of valve, dense setae present along convex posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer surface.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Male</p><p>Integument black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except the following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: posterior half of propodeal dorsum, T1, fringe of T2 laterally, and anterior third of S2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), Bolivia (Pando), and Paraguay (San Pedro).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Traumatomutilla infernalis is almost indistinguishable from T. pompiliformis apart from the length of the cuspis in relation to the length of the paramere and minor characters of the penis valve and setae pattern. Based on distribution this could be a putative male for T. sancta . A female of T. sancta and a male with an intermediate color pattern between T. infernalis and T. pompiliformis were collected in the same pitfall trap in a Cerrado area in Mato Grosso State, Brazil (PRB pers. obs.). This could mean that T. sancta, T. infernalis and T. pompiliformis are all a single moderately variable species. However, we refrain from formally synonymizing all of these species without further intermediate forms between the males, more distribution data and/or molecular data supporting the sex association.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD362FF9F3CF82C2347F8FE34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD366FF923CE628C3417CF9D3.text	102A879CD366FF923CE628C3417CF9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla pompiliformis (Gerstaecker 1874)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla pompiliformis (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Mutilla pompiliformis Gerstaecker, 1874: 314 .</p><p>Mutilla serra Cresson, 1902: 77 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) pompiliformis – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) serra – André 1902: 56.</p><p>Traumatomutilla pompiliformis – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla serra – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Male</p><p>Apex of cuspis with long setae, approximately 0.65 × length of paramere; posterior margin of penis valve truncate; lateral surface of propodeum with sparse erect silvery-white seta; metapleuron setae black; silvery-white setae present throughout propodeal dorsum; wings strongly dark brown infuscated throughout, with strong violaceous and blueish reflections.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla pompiliformis</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; Brasil; Sello S. leg.; ZMB.</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla serra</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães]; CM.</p><p>Additional material examined (31 ♂♂)</p><p>BOLIVIA – Beni • 1 ♂; Romanos, 1 km N [north of junction of] Río Iténez and Río Paragua; 30 Jul. 1964; Bouseman and Lussenhop leg.; AMNH . – Santa Cruz • 1 ♂; Buena Vista; 17°27′58″ S, 63°39′63″ W; 20 Feb. 1999; L.A. Stange leg.; FSCA • 2 ♂♂; Gral. [General] Saavedra Est. [Estación] Experimental; Dec. 1973; Porter and Stange leg.; FSCA • 1 ♂; Buena Vista; 1928; Steinbach leg.; CUIC • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.175167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.113667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.175167/lat -18.113667)">3 km N [north of] Brazilio, 1750’</a> [sic]; 18°06.82′ S, 63°10.51′ W; 27 Feb.–8 Mar. 1999; Irwin and Parker leg.; USU .</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♂♂; Cerrado near Lençóis; 15 Dec. 2009; UEFS . – Mato Grosso • 2 ♂♂; Chapada dos Parecis; 1 Dec. 2001; A. Foucart leg.; USU • 1 ♂; Sinop; 12°31′ S, 55°37′ W; Dec. 1974; M. Alvarenga leg.; AEIC • 1 ♂; Andradinha; Aug. 1971; F.M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 1 ♂; Cáceres; 10 Mar. 1985; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♂; Chapada dos Guimarães; 12–18 Nov. 2013; G.A.R. Melo, D.R. Luz and K.A. Williams leg.; DZUP • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.233902&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2641115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.233902/lat -14.2641115)">30 km N [north of] Uirapuru, Usine Alcomat</a>; 14°15′50.80″ S, 59°14′02.05″ W; 1–15 Dec. 2002; A. Foucart leg.; USU . – Minas Gerais • 2 ♂♂; Berizal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.665558&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.665558/lat -15.665)">Faz. [Fazenda] Veredão</a>; 15°39′54″ S, 41°39′56″ W; 850 m [above sea level]; 12 Dec. 2012; Arm. [Armadilha] Malaise; J.A. Rafael and E.J. Grossi leg.; INPA • 1 ♂; Pedra Azul, 800 m [above sea level]; Nov. 1972; Alvarenga and Seabra leg.; AEIC • 1 ♂; 12 km a N de [north of] Aguas Vermelhas, Faz. [Fazenda] Faceiro; 14 Dec. 2012; G.A.R. Melo leg.; DZUP . – Rondônia • 1 ♂; Vilhena; 19 Nov. 1986; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♂; Vilhena; 4 Nov. 1986; C. Elias leg.; DZUP .</p><p>PARAGUAY – Amambay • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.466667/lat -22.633333)">estancia Aka Moroti</a>; 22°38′ S, 56°28′ W; 4–8 Oct. 2005; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.116665/lat -22.466667)">estancia La Niña, Reserva Arroyo Blanco</a>; 22°28′ S, 56°07′ W; 18–19 Feb. 2002; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP . – Concepción • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.5/lat -23.4)">estancia Santa Herminia</a>; 23°24′ S, 56°30′ W; 7 Dec. 2003 – 7 Feb. 2004; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP • 1 ♂; estancia Don Carlos; 16–20 Dec. 2004; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Male</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 19 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins of head convergent immediately behind eyes. Vertex width 0.8× pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.4× DLO, IOD 0.8× DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface sparsely and finely punctate; sculpture sparser and finer posterad. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, coarser mediad; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute free teeth medially. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.0 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.6× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth smaller than inner tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets well defined, sharply projected from anterior margin of pronotum, separated from well-defined humeral carina, anterolateral corners of pronotum subangulate.Anterior surface of pronotum, with coarse dense punctures laterally, micropunctures sublaterally, and medial longitudinal, slightly concave, smooth, unsculptured area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate mediad to areolate-punctate laterad with somewhat sharp intervals. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis and notaulus reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum. Scutellum ‘box-like’, with conspicuously horizontal dorsal surface roundly angulate into nearly vertical posterior surface; dorsal surface shorter than posterior surface; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate. Axilla produced posterolaterally as obliquely truncate projection in dorsal view; projection coarsely foveolate-punctate basad, unsculptured, smooth, shining apicad. Metanotum slightly wider laterad, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, slightly depressed sublaterally, mostly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; sculpture of lateral surface absent along most of anterior margin; dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely and vestigially punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous blunt projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron micropunctate, except basal third densely and coarsely areolate.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins.</p><p>METASOMA. T1 0.5× as wide as T2. T2 0.9× as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidial plate, partially concealed by dense setation, sparsely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments; pygidial plate slightly broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae laterally; surface densely micropunctate throughout. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina, carina slightly higher posteriorly. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate with few scattered micropunctures laterally; sculpture sparser mediad; anteromedial crest-fold present, sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced posteriorly, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 77: 52: 18. Paramere almost straight in dorsal view, apex slightly curved outward, slighlty narrower posterad, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view, almost asetose except for sparse scattered inconspicous setae throughout, setae more evident on ventral surface. Cuspis slender, elongate, slightly curved inward and tapered posterad in dorsal view, upcurved posterad and almost straight throughout in lateral view, with tuft of conspicuous long setae at apex and sparser scattered inconspicuous short setae elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, wider than long with rounded and setose posterior margin, setae shorter than or longer than paracuspis. Digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view, strongly tapered posterad and with apex abruptly curved dorsally in lateral view, setose anterodorsally. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of short acute teeth posteroventrally, with well-defined lateral pocket on outer margin, apical distance between teeth 0.1× length of valve, dense setae present along truncate posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer surface.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Integument black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except the following areas with silvery-white setae varying in density: anterior/ventral margin of clypeus; metanotum, prodeal dorsum; legs predominantly (occasionally all black); T1, anterior third, lateral areas, lateral felt lines, and lateral margins of T2; fringe of T2 laterally, fringe of T3 medially and laterally, fringe of T4–5 laterally, and S1–4. Wings dark brown throughout with strong violaceous and blueish reflections.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Rondônia, Bahia, Mato Grosso, and Minas Gerais), Paraguay (Amambay and Concepción) and Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Beni).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species can only be separated from T. infernalis on certain genitalia and setae pattern characters. Likewise, it can be a candidate for a sex association with T. sancta based on its known distribution (also see remarks of T. infernalis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD366FF923CE628C3417CF9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD36BFF893F142FE24280FB7B.text	102A879CD36BFF893F142FE24280FB7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla quadrinotata (Klug 1821)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla quadrinotata (Klug, 1821)</p><p>Figs 12–13</p><p>Mutilla quadrinotata Klug, 1821: 31, pl. 23 fig. 3.</p><p>Mutilla micans Lepeletier, 1845: 622 [synonymized by Mickel (1937)].</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) quadrinotata – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Traumatomutilla quadrinotata – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carina equally wide throughout, anterolateral carinae absent in scutellar area; lateral surface of propodeum and metapleuron completely cover with dense appressed golden setae; pronotal setae usually conspicuously denser and longer than remainder of mesosoma.</p><p>Male</p><p>Apex of cuspis with longe setae; body setae black and silvery-golden; lateral surface of propodeum and metapleuron with conspicuous patches of sparse appressed golden setae.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla quadrinotata</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; Bahia; ZMB.</p><p>Additional material examined (152 ♀♀, 38 ♂♂)</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♀; CPDC • 1 ♀; S.[erra] Grande; 21 Dec. 1993; J. Delabie leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Barra do Choca; 17 Jan. 2001; J.R. Maia leg.; CPDC • 1 ♀; Barrolandia; Mar. 2005; J.R.M. Santos leg.; CPDC • 1 ♀; Boa Nova; 28 Jan. 2004; E. Mariano leg.; CPDC • 2 ♀♀; Itamarajó; 11 Nov. 2004; Valmir Paulino leg.; CPDC • 1 ♂; Encruzilhada; 980 m [above sea level]; Nov. 1974; M. Alvarenga leg.; TAMUIC • 1 ♀; Santa Terezinha, Serra da Jibóia; 8 Jun. 2001; M.F. Soares leg.; CPDC • 2 ♀♀; Serra das Lonas; Mar. 2009; A. Camacho leg.; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; Cachimbo; 1890; SDEI . – Espírito Santo • 5 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; MNCN • 1 ♀; Santa Teresa; 3 Jun. 2004; E. Mariano leg.; CPDC • 1 ♀; Santa Teresa; 7 Dec. 1964; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♂; Santa Teresa; 13 Jan. 1970; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Linhares; 6 Jan. 1971; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♂, Linhares; Oct. 1972; M. Alvarenga leg.; CM • 1 ♀; Linhares; May 1973; MZSP • 1 ♂; Linhares; Dec. 1975; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 7 ♀♀; Linhares, Parque Sooretama; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Linhares; Nov. 1967; F.M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Conceição da Barra; 4 Sep. 1969; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Colatina; 13 Dec. 1967; C.T. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Colatina; Dec. 1954; MNRJ • 3 ♂♂; Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.051666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.941387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.051666/lat -20.941387)">Faz. [Fazenda] Usina Paineiras</a>, P1 [sic]; 20°56′29″ S, 41°03′06″ W; 19–26 Nov. 2010; M.T. Tavares e eq. [equipe] leg.; UFES • 2 ♂♂; Pinheiros, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.15/lat -18.35)">Res. [Reserva] Biol. [Biológica] Córrego do Veado, Água Limpa</a>; 18°21′ S, 40°09′ W; 27 Nov.–6 Dec. 2011; M.T. Tavares e eq. [equipe] leg.; UFES • 14 ♂♂; Laranja da Terra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.827778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.840279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.827778/lat -19.840279)">Joatuba, Faz. [Fazenda] Betzel</a>; 19°50′25″ S, 40°49′40″ W; 280–430 [sic]; 5–12 Oct. 2012; M.T. Tavares e eq. [equipe] leg.; UFES • 1 ♀; Conceição da Barra; Jul. 1969; MZSP • 1 ♀; Conceição da Barra, FLONA [Floresta Nacional] Rio Preto; 21–25 Mar. 2005; UFES • 1 ♀; D. [Domingos] Martins; Jan. 1962; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; D. [Domingos] Martins; Zona Rural; Dec. 1999; UFES • 1 ♀; Corrego do Ita; Nov. 1957; MNRJ • 1 ♀; [Alfredo] Chaves; 11 Sep. 1963; J. Baskin leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; Aracruz; 15 Sep. 2000; UFES • 1 ♂; Vila Valério, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.45/lat -18.933332)">Sítio Benincá</a>; 18°56′ S, 40°27′ W; 14–28 Sep. 2011; C.O. Azevedo e eq. [equipe] leg.; UFES • 1 ♀; Cariacica, Reserva Biol. [Biológica] Duas Bocas; 21 Jul. 2001; UFES . – Mato Grosso do Sul • 1 ♀; Dourados; Jan. 1976; Lorenzoni leg.; DZUP . – Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; MNCN • 1 ♀; Reinhardt leg.; ZMUC • 1 ♀; Ipanema, Faz. [Fazenda] Montes Claros; 30 Jun. 1998; DZUP • 1 ♀; Paineiras; n.o proc 10/963 [sic]; Oct. 1963; MNRJ • 1 ♂; Belo Horizonte; 2–9 Nov. 1999; R. Martins leg.; MIUP • 1 ♀; Viçosa; 1931; E.C. VanDyke leg.; CASC • 1 ♀; Viçosa; 1931; Y. Mexia leg.; CASC • 1 ♀; Mar de Espanha; 4 Oct. 1905; MNCN • 2 ♀♀; Mar de Espanha; 20 Nov. 1892; SDEI . – Pernambuco • 1 ♀; San Sabrador [sic]; ANSP • 4 ♂♂; Caruaru; May 1972; J.M. Lima leg.; DZUP . – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♀; Grotão de Independencia [sic]; 1935; MNRJ • 30 ♀♀; Rio de Janeiro; MZSP • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; 15 Nov. 1926; MNCN • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; ZMUC • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro; 6 Mar. 1932; MNRJ • 2 ♂♂; Rio de Janeiro; 30 Feb. 1940; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; 25 Dec. [sic]; A.F. Porter leg.; FMNH • 1 ♀; Dist. Federal [Rio de Janeiro city], n.o. proc. 10/954; Oct. 1954; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; Mar. 1937; R.C. Shannon leg.; USNM • 2 ♀♀; [Rio de Janeiro], Floresta do Tijuca; MNRJ • 1 ♀; [Rio de Janeiro], Floresta do Tijuca; Mar. 1963; C.A. Campos Seabra leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; [Rio de Janeiro], Floresta do Tijuca; Mar. 1951; C.A. Campos Seabra leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; [Rio de Janeiro], Floresta do Tijuca; Jun. 1951; C.A. Campos Seabra leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; Est. Guanabara [Rio de Janeiro], Corcovado; 27 Jan. 1906; H. Luederwaldt leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro; Feb. 1962; Alvarenga and Seabra leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; Mar. 1959; Alvarenga and Seabra leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; Mar. 1934; MNRJ • 1 ♀; [Bom Jardim], Represa Rio Grande; Oct. 1960; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; 5 Feb. 1967; F.M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 2 ♀♀; Rio de Janeiro; 30 Jun. 1967; F.M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro; 5 Oct. 1960; F.M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; [Rio de Janeiro]; M. [Morro] Sta. [Santa] Barbara; 16 Mar. 1952; MNRJ • 1 ♀; [Rio de Janeiro]; Horto do J. [Jardim] Bot. [Botânico]; 12 Feb. 1984; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; 17 Jan. 1924; J.F. Zikan leg.; CASC • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; 20 Jul. 1944; J.F. Zikan leg.; CASC • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; 21 Feb. 1926; J.F. Zikan leg.; CASC • 1 ♀; Itatiaia; 7 Mar. 1948; J.F. Zikán leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Petrópolis; Jun. 1952; C. Novais leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; Petrópolis; 1938; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Petrópolis; Mar. 1952; MNRJ • 1 ♀; [Angra dos Reis], Ilha Grande; 1944; MNRJ • 1 ♀; [Angra dos Reis], Ilha Grande; 17 Feb. 2003; D.J. Souza leg.; CPDC • 1 ♀; Angra dos Reis; 11 Nov. 1972; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Angra dos Reis, Jabuhyba [Jabuíba]; Oct. 1936; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀; [Angra dos Reis], Jussaral [Train Station]; Jun. 1934; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Oct. 1934; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Mendes; 1917; MNCN • 1 ♀; [Teresópolis], Serra dos Orgaos; Nov. 1940; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro, Estr. [Estrada de] Sumaré; 7 Feb. 1955; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Rio de Janeiro, Floresta do Macaco; Nov. 1960; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Mendes, “Sitio las Luas” cua formiguero de “Saríva”, Parada de Mendes [sic]; 24 Jan. 1936; MNRJ . – Santa Catarina • 2 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; MNCN • 1 ♀; S. [São] Bento; Feb. 1952; A. Maller leg.; USNM • 2 ♀♀; Mafra; Apr. 1942; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Corupá; May 1940; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Corupá; Apr. 1941; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Corupá; Nov. 1942; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Corupá; Mar. 1941; A. Maller leg.; AMNH • 2 ♀♀; Rio Vermelho; MZSP . – São Paulo • 5 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; T. [Teodoro] Sampaio, Pq. [Parque] Est. [Estadual] Morro do Diablo; 6 Dec. 2010; G.A.R. Melo and D. Luz leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Caraguatatuba, Res. [Reserva] Flor. [Florestal], 40 m a.s.l.; 2 Jun. 1962; MNCN • 1 ♀; Guarujá, Ilha de Santo Amaro; 20 Jun. 1961; MNCN • 1 ♂; Ubatuba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.8325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.333612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.8325/lat -23.333612)">PESM-Nucl. [Parque Estadual Serra do Mar – Núcleo] Picinguaba, ponto 2</a>; 23°20′01″ S, 44°49′57″ W; 18 Apr. 2010; N.W. Perioto leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 18 Feb. 2010; N.W. Perioto leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 18 Dec. 2009; N.W. Perioto leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra; 10 Feb. 2006; L.C. Rocha-Filho leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra; 10 Jan. 2003; G.A.R. Melo and M. Costa leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 2 Feb. 2003; E.Q. Garcia leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Antonina, Reserva Cachoeira; 1 Dec. 2006; C. Maia leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Campo Largo; 10 Apr. 2005; G.A.R. Melo and A. Aguiar leg.; DZUP. – Locality unknown • 1 ♀; SDEI • 1 ♀; MNCN • 1 ♀; ANSP • 5 ♀♀; ZMUC • 1 ♂; MNRJ .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 16–20 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin slightly and angularly concave. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view almost equal to distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate with sharp irregular intervals. Genal carina present, well defined. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly apicad with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, reaching antennal tubercles and narrowly disconnected from lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.0× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.5 × pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Length 0.8× width. Mesosomal dorsum densely, coarsely and confusedly areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate throughout, with sharp and irregular intervals; sculpture smaller, denser and more confused on pronotum; mesonotum with medial intervals align so as to form vestigial and irregular longitudinal carina. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, almost as long as pronotal collar, with vestigial coarse longitudinal striae basally and dense coarse punctures dorsally; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, projected dorsally, narrowly separated from conspicuously projected subangulate epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle almost flat against lateral margin of pronotum. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely punctate to foveolate-punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures except at conspicuous subacute tubercle anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron, metapleuron and lateral surface of propodeum completely concealed by dense setation. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 60: 68: 83: 54: 53. Lateral margin of mesonotum strongly constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt tooth-like process; with small inconspicuous tubercle posterior to lateral process. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area vestigial. Scutellar scale present, reduced, as narrow as surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae absent; intervals irregular on scutellar area, not scabrous. Propodeum gibbose/convex, dorsal surface slightly shorter than and poorly distinguished from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 38: 94: 87. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate where visible. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, equally high throughout. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold well defined. S3–5 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S6 densely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical third of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Male (hitherto unknown)</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 13–17 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; convergent immediately behind eyes. Width 0.85 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 4.9× DLO, IOD 1.2× DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface sparsely and coarsely punctate, with sparse interspersed micropunctures along posterior margin of vertex; sculpture sparser and finer posterad, denser and coarser anterad. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; sculpture concealed by dense setation; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute free teeth. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 2.0× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.3× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth smaller than inner tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets well defined, subangulately projected from anterior margin of pronotum, separated from well-defined pronounced humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum subrounded. Anterior surface of pronotum coarsely punctate laterally, micropunctate sublaterally, and mostly unsculptured with slightly concave longitudinal area medially. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate laterad, sculpture sparser and finer mediad. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis vestigial, notaulus absent; with vestigial medial longitudinal carina. Scutellum globose to gibbose, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate, with well-defined dorsal and posterior faces; both surfaces slightly convex; dorsal surface, with intervals aligned so as to form irregular longitudinal carina extending medially from anterior margin of dorsal surface into middle of posterior surface. Axilla produced posterolaterally as obliquely truncate projection coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate except at apical third unsculptured. Metanotum wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum evenly convex, surface mostly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate-puncticulate where visible; sculpture of lateral surface mostly concealed by dense setation and gradually less defined to vestigial anteroventrad; dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous blunt projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron mostly concealed by dense setation sparsely micropunctate to smooth throughout where visible, except basal third densely and coarsely areolate.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins.</p><p>METASOMA. T1 0.5× as wide as T2. T2 almost as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidium, partially concealed by dense setation, sparsely and finely punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments; pygidial plate slightly broader than long, weakly defined by somewhat arched carinae laterally; surface irregularly micropunctate, somewhat granulose, sculpture coarser apicad. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina terminating. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; sculpture slightly sparser mediad; S2 with reduced anteromedial crest-fold, sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 70:53:17. Paramere almost straight in dorsal view, apex slightly curved outward, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view, almost asetose except for sparse scattered inconspicuous setae throughout, setae more evident on ventral surface. Cuspis slender, elongate, slightly curved inward and almost straight throughout in dorsal view, upcurved posterad and slightly broader posterad in lateral view, with tuft of conspicuous long setae at apex and sparse scattered inconspicuous short setae elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, wider than long with irregular almost serrate and setose posterior margin, setae longer than paracuspis. Digitus short, strongly curved inward in dorsal view, somewhat dorsoventrally flattened, evenly upcurved in lateral view, apex more abruptly curved and subcapitate, setose anterodorsally. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of short acute teeth posteroventrally, without well-defined lateral pocket on outer margin, apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve, dense setae present along convex posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer surface, setae on posterior margin longer ventrad.</p><p>Colorations and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black, except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres reddish-brown ventrally, and T2 with four large orange integumental spots. Body setae predominantly golden, except following areas with black to brownish-black setae varying in density and length: head; procoxae; pronotum; mesonotum anteriorly; propodeal dorsum medially; T1 medially; disc of T2 (except integumental spots); fringe of T2 medially; fringe of T3–5 sublaterally; S6.</p><p>Male</p><p>Head and mesosomal integument black to brownish-black, except antennal flagellomeres and mandibles partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly golden varying in density, except following areas with black to brownish-black setae varying in density: head, dorsum of foretibae and femora, pronotum, mesopleuron anteriorly, mesoscutum, axillar projections, dorsal surface of scutellum, posterior two thirds of T2, fringe of T2–3 medially, T4–7, fringe of S2–6, and S5–7. Wings dark brown except at basal third hyaline-brown. Tibial spurs yellowish-white.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Traumatomutilla quadrinotata is perhaps one of the most common and easily identifiable species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The sex association was based on the reliable color pattern of males and females of the Atlantic Forest species, which has been used as a basis for sex association in various species in the region (e.g., Bartholomay et al. 2020, 2021). The males of T. quadrinotata and T. tetratrauma sp. nov. are remarkably similar in coloration and external morphology, differing only in the length of the setae at the apex of the cuspis. Therefore, associating sexes for T. quadrinotata was only possible after the discovery of T. tetratrauma and its similarities with T. incerta (detailed in the remarks of T. tetratrauma). Although it is common for some specimens to completely or partially lose some of the body setae, the conspicuously long erect pronotal setae on the females of T. quadrinotata seems to be a consistent and exclusive character for this species (PRB &amp; KAW pers. obs.). The males here associated with T. quadrinotata have been frequently misidentified as T. infernalis in the past, but true T. infernalis are absent from the Atlantic Rainforest region and differ from the male here associated with T. quadrinotata by many characters, most notably the lateral propodeal setae (dense and golden in T. quadinotata, sparse and black in T. infernalis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD36BFF893F142FE24280FB7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD370FF813CFA2D994241FCCC.text	102A879CD370FF813CFA2D994241FCCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla quadripustulata (Klug 1821)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla quadripustulata (Klug, 1821)</p><p>Figs 14–16</p><p>Mutilla quadripustulata Klug, 1821: 316, pl. 23 fig. 2.</p><p>Mutilla pruinosa Smith, 1855: 43 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Mutilla maraca Cresson, 1902: 78 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) quadripustulata – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) maraca – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Mutilla pruinosa – André 1902: 74.</p><p>Traumatomutilla quadripustula – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla maraca – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occiptial carina equally wide throughout; anterolateral carinae absent on scutellar scale; postmesonotal tubercle conspicuously; body setae predominantly black with inconspicuous silvery-white areas on metasoma; T2 usually with two pairs of small yellowish integumental spots.</p><p>Male</p><p>Apex of cuspis with longe setae; pronotal sculpture not at all concealed by dense setation; T2 entirely covered with silvery-white setae, less densely so on posterior half.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla quadripustulata</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; Para [Pará]; ZMB.</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla pruinosa</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; Para [Pará]; NHMUK.</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla maraca BRAZIL • ♂; [Pará], Santarém; CM.</p><p>Additional material examined (46 ♀♀, 48 ♂♂)</p><p>BOLIVIA • 1 ♀; Chuquisaca, 5 mi S [miles south of] Camarga; 19 Feb. 1951; AMNH .</p><p>BRAZIL – Maranhão • 1 ♀; Bom Jardim, Reserva Biológica do Gurupi; 17–27 Jan. 2010; CZMA . – Mato Grosso • 5 ♂♂; Sinop; Feb. 1976; M. Alvarenga leg.; AEIC • 1 ♂; Sinop; 12°31′ S, 55°37′ W; Oct. 1974; M. Alvarenga leg.; USU • 2 specs; Tangará da Serra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.291668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.5002775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.291668/lat -14.5002775)">Fazenda Promissão</a>; 14°30′01″ S, 57°17′30″ W; 346 m a.s.l. [above sea level]; 1 Oct. 2017; J.V.A. Ferreira leg.; floresta semidecidual; TANG. – Pará • 1 ♀; Medicilândia; 5–11 Aug. 1992; A. Argolo leg.; MIUP • 4 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; 24 Oct. 1901; MPEG • 1 ♀; 13 Jan. 1902; MPEG • 1 ♀; 16 Aug. 1900; MPEG • 1 ♀; BR 014, Km 92; Dec. 1960; MNCN • 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Santarém; ANSP • 1 ♀; FSCA • 3 ♀♀; CM • 4 ♀♀; Jun. 1919; S.M. Klages leg.; CM • 1 ♀; Amazonas drainage; CSCA • 1 ♀; Fazenda Taperinha; 1–11 Feb. 1968; MPEG • 2 ♀♀; Mararu; CM • 2 ♀♀; Mangabaira, Mocajuba; Aug. 1953; O. Rego leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Mangabaira, Mocajuba; Mar. 1953; O. Rego leg.; LACM • 3 ♀♀; Mangabaira, Mocajuba; Oct. 1953; O. Rego leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; Mangabaira, Mocajuba; Aug. 1953; MNCN • 1 ♀; Mangabaira, Mocajuba; Nov. 1952; O. Rego leg.; FSCA • 5 ♀♀; Mangabaira, Mocajuba; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Benevides; PA-408 Km 6; 26 Jul. 1982; MPEG • 1 ♂; Benevides, Fazenda Morelândia; 2 Jul. 1988; F.F. Ramos leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Benevides, Fazenda Morelândia; 11 Dec. 1983; Jarbas leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Benevides, Fazenda Morelândia; 20 Jun.–2 Jul. 1988; F.F. Ramos leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Benevides, Fazenda Morelândia; 4–6 Aug. 1988; F.F. Ramos leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Benevides, Fazenda Morelândia; 30 Jun.–2 Jul. 1988; F.F. Ramos leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Benevides; CPDC • 1 ♂; 11 Aug. 1994; J.A. Pena leg.; MPEG • 1 ♀; Melgaço, ECFPn [Estação Científica Ferreira Pena] Caxiuanã; 24 Apr. 1995; MPEG • 1 ♀; SMC1 [sic], Ig. [Igarapé] Curuazinho; 28 Mar. 1998; MPEG • 1 ♂; Melgaço, ECFPn [Estação Científica Ferreira Pena] Caxiuanã, Mata da Sede; 16 Nov. 1998; O. Silveira and J. Pena leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Melgaço, ECFPn [Estação Científica Ferreira Pena] Caxiuanã, Percurso; 26 Apr. 1999; O. Silveira and J. Dias leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; FLONA [Floresta Nacional] Tapajós; 11–14 Sep. 1997; M. Henriques leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; 2–5 Sep. 1997; M. Henriques leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Juruti, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.155567&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.49225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.155567/lat -2.49225)">Alcoa, Área beneficiamento bauxite</a>; 2°29′32.10″ S, 56°9′20.04″ W; 21–24 Jun. 2008; E. Monteiro-Santos, R.L. Trindade, Domingos Guimarães and L.A. Quaresma leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9–13 Dec. 2007; MPEG • 1 ♂; Jaratuba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.580944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.192389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.580944/lat -3.192389)">Rio Mamuru, Área 2</a>; 3°11′32,6″ S, 56°34′51,4″ W; 29 Sep. 2009; O.T. Silveira, S.S. Silva and J. Pena leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Mosqueiro; 12 Dec. 1988; L.B. Albuquerque leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 17 Dec. 1983; MPEG • 1 ♂; Serra Norte, Est. [Estrada] Manganês; 10 Jun. 1983; F.F. Ramos leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 8 Jun. 1983; MPEG • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9–12 Sep. 1985; MPEG • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 6–9 Sep. 1985; W. França leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Serra Norte, Est. [Estrada] Manganês, N1 Mata [sic]; 3–5 Nov. 1985; J. Dias leg.; MPEG • 1 ♀; Carajás, Est. [Estrada] Manganês; 24 Apr. 1983; MPEG • 1 ♀; Pedras, Rio Cuminá; 1 Nov. 1969; MPEG • 1 ♂; Marabá; Oct. 1974; J.F. Reinert leg.; FSCA • 1 ♂; Belém, Parque Ambiental, Sede; 14–18 Jun. 2004; A.L. Nunes e equipe leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Bujaru; 27 Dec. 1985; MPEG • 1 ♂; Paragominas, Fazenda Cachoeira do Rio Vermelho; 15–18 Jan. 1991; R.B. Neto leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Vitória do Xingú, Margem direita Rio Xingú; 22–24 Nov. 2000; R. Santos and J. Dias leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; Pacoval; 7–17 Dec. 2008; USU • 1 ♂; Jacareacanga; Nov. 1968; Moacir Alvarenga leg.; USU • 1 ♂; Mutum; 1–6 Dec. 2008; USU • 1 ♂; Tucuruí; Jan. 1979; M. Alvarenga leg.; USU . – Rondônia • 1 ♀; RBINS • 1 ♂; Ouro Preto D’Oeste, Linha 62, Km 16.11; 13 Nov. 1984; F.F. Ramos leg.; MPEG • 1 ♂; 62 km SE [southeast of] Ariquemes; 8 Nov. 1994; W.J. Hanson leg.; USU • 1 ♂; Vilhena; 22 Dec. 1986; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 27 Dec. 1986; DZUP • 2 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4 Nov. 1986; DZUP • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 27 Nov. 1986; DZUP • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 17 Dec. 1986; DZUP • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 22 Dec. 1986; DZUP .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 16–18 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin slightly and angularly concave. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 1.3× the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate. Genal carina present, well defined. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, reaching antennal tubercles and disconnected from lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 1.9 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.6× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Length 0.85 × width. Mesosomal dorsum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate throughout, intervals sharper posteromediad and blunt laterad; with vestigial irregular longitudinal carina anteromedially. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, short, slightly shorter than pronotal collar, vestigial coarse striae longitudinally basomedially, and sparse coarse punctures dorsomedially; micropunctate anterior to epaulets; dorsal surface roundly angulate into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, slightly projected dorsally, broadly separated from conspicuously projected subangulate epaulet, anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded, bulging. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures except at smooth conspicuous subacute tubercle anterior to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron densely micropunctate anteriorly, sparsely punctate to foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate ventrad on mesopleural ridge; metapleuron unsculptured, smooth shining on dorsal fourth, densely and coarsely areolate on basal fourth, and with dense micropunctures elsewhere. Lateral surface of propodeum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate anterad; sparsely foveolate-punctate posterad; conspicuous smooth shining, somewhat granulose areas along posterior margin. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 69: 79: 83: 60:61. Lateral margin of mesonotum conspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt tooth-like process; with very small conspicuous tubercle posterior to lateral process. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area vestigial. Scutellar scale present, reduced, as narrow as surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals vestigial on scutellar area. Propodeum gibbose, dorsal surface much shorter than and poorly distinguished from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 42: 99: 98. Disc of T2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, slightly higher medially. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3–4 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S4 densely foveolate-punctate; S6 sparsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose; rugae vestigial to absent apicad.</p><p>Male</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 9–15 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; convergent immediately behind eyes. Width 0.9× pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 3.6× DLO, IOD 1.25 × DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface sparsely and finely punctate, with sparse interspersed micropunctures along posterior margin of vertex; sculpture sparser and finer posterad, denser and coarser anterad. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; sculpture concealed by dense setation; apical/ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute free teeth. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 1.7 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.1× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth smaller than inner tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets well defined, subangulately projected from anterior margin of pronotum, separated from well-defined pronounced humeral carina, anterolateral angles of pronotum angulate.Anterior surface of pronotum mostly unsculptured, with sparse punctures and interspersed micropunctures laterally. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures on along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis practically absent, notaulus reduced to posterior half of scutum; with medial longitudinal carina on posterior half. Scutellum globose to gibbose, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate, with well-defined dorsal and posterior surfaces; dorsal surface broader than long, with intervals aligned so as to form irregular longitudinal carina extending medially from anterior margin of dorsal surface into middle of posterior surface. Axilla produced posterolaterally as obliquely truncate projection, with inner margin conspicuously curve inward apically; projection coarsely and densely foveolate-punctate except at apical third unsculptured. Metanotum wider laterally, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, slightly depressed dorsolaterally, surface mostly concealed by dense setation, densely areolate where visible; sculpture of lateral face gradually less defined to vestigial anteroventrad; dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous subacute spine-like projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron sparsely micropunctate to smooth throughout, except basal third densely and coarsely areolate.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 0.5× as wide as T2. T2 almost as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidium, partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments; pygidial plate slightly broader than long, weakly defined by somewhat arched carinae laterally; surface irregularly micropunctate, somewhat granulose, sculpture coarser apicad. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina terminating. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; sculpture slightly sparser mediad; S2 with reduced anteromedial crest-fold, sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe not at all pronounced apically, subacute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 69: 48: 20. Paramere almost straight in dorsal view, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view, almost asetose except for sparse scattered inconspicuous setae throughout, setae more evident on ventral surface. Cuspis slender, elongate, slightly curved inward and tapered posterad in dorsal view, upcurved posterad and slightly broader posterad in lateral view, with tuft of conspicuous long setae at apex and sparse scattered inconspicuous short setae elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, wider than long with subangulately concave and vestigially setose posterior margin, setae shorter than paracuspis. Digitus short, strongly curved inward in dorsal view, somewhat dorsoventrally flattened, evenly upcurved in lateral view, apex more abruptly curved and subcapitate, setose anterodorsally. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of short acute teeth posteroventrally, without well-defined lateral pocket on outer margin, apical distance between teeth 0.1 × length of valve, dense setae present along convex posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer surface, setae on posterior margin longer ventrad.</p><p>Colorations and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black except for mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four usually small and yellowish integumental spots. Spots of T2 highly variable in size, shape and color: separated by more than spots width to separated by hald a spot width; subcircular to subquadrate; yellowish to orange or reddish. Body setae almost exclusively black, except for the following areas vestigially and sparsely clothed with silvery-white setae often with interspersed black setae: mesopleuron posteromedially, coxae, ventral surface of femora and tibiae, inner surface of basitari, lateral areas of T2, lateral felt lines of T2, lateral margins of T2, fringe of T2–5 medially and laterally (usually absent medially on fringe of T3), T6 medially (except pygidial plate), and S1–5. Tibial spurs reddish-brown.</p><p>Male</p><p>Head and mesosomal integument black; legs and metasoma brownish-black; antennae and mandibles partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density, except following areas predominantly or with interspersed black to brownish-black setae: vertex and front partially, dorsum of pronotum, mesonotum, axillar projections, scutellum, fringe of T3 medially, T4–7, fringe of S5–6, and S7. Wings hyaline-brown, slightly infuscated on apical third and small costal patch basal in relation to pterostigma. Certain specimens might have the pronotal dorsum completely black or with interspersed black and silvery-white setae and/or the posterior half of T2 with sparse black setae. Wings infuscated-brown on apical third, hyaline-brown elsewhere, without any noticeable reflections. Tibial spurs white.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Pará, Maranhão, Rondônia, and Mato Grosso) and Bolivia (Chuquisaca).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>After the sex association and synonymies of T. incerta were recognized, the only species found in the Amazon, particularly the Southeastern Amazonian areas were T. quadripustulata, Mutilla pruinosa and T. maraca . The types of M. pruinosa and T. maraca are identical in external and genitalic morphology. They have been repeatedly collected in the same areas as females of T. quadripustulata .</p><p>As the two largest Traumatomutilla females with almost entirely black setal coloration, T. chrysozona (formerly T. lugubrina) and T. quadripustulata were easily mistaken for one another. Previous researchers separated T. chrysozona from T. quadripustulata mainly using T2 spot color: yellow in T. quadripustulata and reddish in T. chrysozona . The T2 integumental spots in T. quadripustulata, however, vary greatly in size and color. Various easily overlooked features are now recognized to differentiate these forms. First, T. quadripustulata females have a post-mesonotal tubercle that is usually associated with a slenderer and more elongate mesosoma than females of T. chrysozona . The most consistent setal features are the always present, though often inconspicuous, silvery-white setae patches on the metasoma of T. quadripustulata, compared against the rarely present and usually reduced coppery setae patches on the fringes of T 2–3 in T. chrysozona . Finally, true T. quadripustulata specimens have been found only in southeastern Amazonian areas, while T. chrysozona has a more southern distribution predominantly in eastern Cerrado areas of Brazil.</p><p>In both of these species, T. chrysozona and T. quadripustulata, females are much darker in coloration than males, and they possess fewer pale setal markings than any other females in the T. quadrinotata species-group. Counter-intuitively, males of these species often have more extensive and distinct pale colored species than most other males in this species-group, with some males of T. quadripustulata almost completely lacking any black setae on the body. Sexual dimorphism in setal color patterns is common in velvet ants but, in most cases, the female pattern is the one with more extensive pale setal markings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD370FF813CFA2D994241FCCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD378FF853F152AEB42FAFB9F.text	102A879CD378FF853F152AEB42FAFB9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla sancta (Gerstaecker 1874)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla sancta (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>Fig. 17</p><p>Mutilla parallela Burmeister, 1854: 24 (nec Klug, 1821)</p><p>Mutilla sancta Gerstaecker, 1874: 303 .</p><p>Mutilla solemnis Cresson, 1902: 49 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Mutilla sodalis Cresson, 1902: 52 .</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) sancta – André 1902: 55.</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) solemnis – André 1902: 56.</p><p>Traumatomutilla sancta – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Traumatomutilla solemnis – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carina equally wide throughout; anterolateral carinae absent in scutellar area; lateral surface of propodeum densely but unevenly sculptured, with conspicuous unsculptured areas; T2 with four pairs of linear to subrectangular narrow yellowish integumental spots.</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla sancta</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; [Minas Gerais], Lagoa Santa; ZMB.</p><p>Holotype of Mutilla solemnis</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; Minas [Minas Gerais] Car. [sic]; CM.</p><p>Lectotype of Mutilla sodalis</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; [Mato Grosso], Chapada [dos Guimarães]; CM.</p><p>Additional material examined (109 ♀♀)</p><p>BOLIVIA – Beni • 1 ♀; Cavinas; Jan. 1922; W.M. Mann leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; Guayaramerín; Dec. 1956; M.A. Fritz leg.; AMNH . – Santa Cruz • 4 ♀♀; Buena Vista; 1928; J. Steinbach leg.; CUIC • 1 ♀; Provincia Chiquitos, Santiago; Dec. 1959; MIUP • 2 ♀♀; La Junta; Feb. 1947; Peredo leg.; USNM .</p><p>BRAZIL • Bahia • 1 ♀; R. [Rio] de Contos [Contas]; 1 May 1993; A.J.S: Argolo leg.; CPDC • 2 ♀♀; Encruzilhada; 12 Dec. 2007; Grossi, Rafael and Parizotto leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Lençois; 28 Feb. 2001; J.R. Maia leg.; CPDC . – Goiás • 2 ♀♀; 1914; MNHN • 3 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; Jataí; 1914; MNHN • 3 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.383335/lat -13.866667)">Serra da Mesa, Campinaçu</a>; 13°52′ S, 48°23′ W; 18 Feb.–2 Mar. 1996; Silvestre, Brandão and Yamamoto leg.; MZSP . – Maranhão • 1 ♀; Mirador, Parque Estadual do Mirador, Base da Geraldina; 27 Oct.– 1 Nov. 2008; M.B. Aguiar-Neto and A.L. Costa leg.; CZMA • 1 ♀; Mirador, E14 [sic]; INPA • 1 ♀; Codó, E13 [sic]; INPA . – Mato Grosso • 1 ♀; 1886; P. Germain leg.; MNHN • 1 ♀; Diamantina; Nov.–Dec. 1973; MZSP • 1 ♀; Chapada dos Guimarães; 8 Feb. 1986; Exp. Dept. Zoo. [Expedição Departamento de Zoologia] UFPR [Univerisdade Federal do Paraná]; DZUP • 1 ♀; Chapada dos Guimarães; 26 Mar. 2001; W.O. Sousa leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Chapada dos Guimarães; 18 Nov. 2013; G.A.R. Melo, D.R. Luz and K.A. Williams leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Chapada dos Guimarães; Oct.; ANSP • 1 ♀; Chapada dos Guimarães; Nov.; ANSP • 1 ♀; Chapada dos Guimarães; Jan.; ANSP • 4 ♀♀; P.N. [Parque Nacional] do Xingu, Jacaré; 30 Feb. 1965; Alvarenga and Werne leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; P.N. [Parque Nacional] do Xingu, Jacaré; Nov. 1961; Alvarenga and Werner leg.; MPEG • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MNCN • 1 ♀; Cáceres; 27 Mar. 1985; C. Elias leg.; DZUP • 5 ♀♀; Utiariti; MZSP • 1 ♀; Rio Papagaios, Utiariti; 1–12 Nov. 1966; Lenko and Pereira leg.; MZSP • 3 ♀♀; Rosario Oeste; MZSP • 1 ♀; Andradinha; Aug. 1971; F.M. Oliveira leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.233902&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2641115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.233902/lat -14.2641115)">30 km N [north of] Uirapuru, Usine Alcomat, Chapada dos Parecis</a>; 14°15′50.80″ S, 59°14′02.05″ W; 1–15 Dec. 2002; A. Foucart leg.; USU . – Minas Gerais • 2 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; ZMUC • 1 ♀; Pirapora; Nov. 1975; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Lagoa Santa; Reinhardt leg.; ZMUC • 3 ♀♀; 15 km SE [sudeste] de Riacho dos Machados; 12 Apr. 1998; G.A.R. Melo leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Rio Pardo de Minas; 10 Jan. 1952; MNRJ • 2 ♀♀; Pedra Azul, 700 m [above sea level]; Nov. 1972; MNRJ • 1 ♀; Barro Alto; Nov. 1931; DGMC • 1 ♀; Lassance; Mar. 1935; D.M. Cochran leg.; USNM • 1 ♀; Ponto dos Volantes, 14 km S [sul] of Ponto dos Volantes; 12 Feb. 2010; G.A.R. Melo, D. Parizotto and P. Grossi leg.; DZUP • 1 ♀; Sertão de Diamantina, Fazenda das Melancias; Oct.–Nov. 1902; E. Gounelle leg.; MNCN • 3 ♀♀; Três Lagôas; MZSP . – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♀; Reinhardt leg.; ZMUC . – Rondônia • 5 ♀♀; MZSP . – São Paulo • 13 ♀♀; MZSP • 1 ♀; Ainores [sic]; Oct. 1947; J. Bras leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Rio Claro; Feb. 1971; B. Dias leg.; AMNH. – Locality unknown • 1 ♀; ANSP .</p><p>PARAGUAY – Amambay • 1 ♀; Parque Nacional Cerro Corá; 4 Feb. 2006; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP . – Boquerón • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.983334/lat -22.833334)">El Solitario</a>; 22°50′ S, 61°59′ W; 10 Nov. 2002; U. Dreschel leg.; FSCA • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.983334/lat -22.833334)">El Solitario</a>; 22°50′ S, 61°59′ W; 10 Nov. 2002; U. Dreschel leg.; FSCA . – Concepción • 2 ♀♀; Cororo; Feb. 1993; L.K. Arriagada leg.; AMNH • 4 ♀♀; Cororo; 25 Feb.–1 Mar. 1997; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP . – Cordillera • 1 ♀; San Bernardino; May 1918; K. Fiebrig S.V. leg.; ZMB . – Paraguarí • 1 ♀; 3–8 Feb. 1996; B. Garcete leg.; MIUP . – Presidente Hayes • 1 ♀; Lolita, Yaragui; 10 Jan. 2002; U. Dreschel leg.; FSCA • 1 ♀; Lolita, Yaragui; 25 Jan. 2005; U. Dreschel leg.; FSCA . – San Pedro • 1 ♀; Río Ypane, Cororo; Feb. 1991; Arriagada leg.; USU • 1 ♀; 26 Jan. 1965; Williner leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Río Ypane, Cororo; Nov. 1983; M.A. Fritz leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Río Ypane, Cororo; Feb. 1991; Arriagada leg.; AMNH .</p><p>VENEZUELA • 1 ♀; Baixo Sarare [sic], 33 96 [sic]; F. Gray leg.; MNHN .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 21–23 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 1.1 × the distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate. Genal carina well defined. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well defined, separated from antennal tubercles, narrowly connected to lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 1.9× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.4× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Dorsal thoracic length 0.85 × its width. Mesosomal dorsum mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with apparent sharp to scabrous intervals where visible. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, as long as than pronotal collar, coarsely striated longitudinally throughout with dense coarse punctures dorsomedially; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, projected dorsally, broadly separated from conspicuously projected angulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle projected from lateral margin of pronotum, bulging. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense micropunctures except at smooth, conspicuous, subacute tubercle anteroventral in relation to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron partially concealed by dense setation, densely micropunctate anteriorly, and dense vestigial foveolate-punctate on mesopleural ridge; metapleuron unsculptured, smooth shining on dorsal fourth, densely, coarsely and confusedly areolate-punctate on basal fourth, and concealed by dense setation elsewhere. Lateral surface of propodeum densely and coarsely areolate-punctate throughout with blunt vestigially rugose intervals. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 52: 59:63: 46: 45. Lateral margin of mesonotum conspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt process; with small conspicuous blunt post-mesonotal tubercle. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area absent. Scutellar scale present, reduced, as narrow as surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals present on scutellar area. Propodeum convex, dorsal surface shorter than and poorly distinguished from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 34: 75: 76. Disc of T2 mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures where visible; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, densely foveolate-punctate. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, with equally high irregular edges; S2 densely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–4 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S5–6 densely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black, except mandible and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four large yellow integumental spots; anterior pair always longitudinal linear, posterior pair transverse subrectangular and broadly separated to transverse linear narrowly interrupted medially. Body setae predominantly silvery-white varying in density, except the following areas with black setae varying in density: head, except vertex frequently with transverse line of silvery-white setae which can be absent or reduced to few scattered setae; pronotum, mesopleuron anteriorly, anterior half of mesoscutum, posterior half of mesoscutum medially, lateral surface of propodeum partially, propodeal dorsum medially; legs, except dorsal surface of tibiae and apicodorsal surface of femora; T1 and disc of T2 medially (except integumental spots), fringe of T2–5 sublaterally, T6 laterally (except pygidial plate), Fringe of S5, and S6.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Venezuela (Apure?), Brazil (Maranhão, Rondônia, Bahia, Goiás. Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro), Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Beni), and Paraguay (Boquerón, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro, Concepción, Amambay, Paraguarí, and Cordillera).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Based on distribution T. sancta is another species that could potentially be associated with T. pompiliformis or T. infernalis, though we refrain from doing so at this point due to the lack of any other putative males for T. austera, T. funebris, or T. ursina (see also remarks of T. infernalis). These also partly overlap in distribution with T. pompiliformis . The color pattern and distribution of T. sancta is typical of the dry savannah like areas of Cerrado and Caatinga in Midwestern and Northeastern Brazil, which is why the record from Venezuela is likely to be mislabeled. Aside from the integumental spots of T2, there are no differences between T. sancta and T. solemnis . There are, however, no obvious intermediate forms between the relatively short and subrectangular spots of T. sancta and the elongate linear spots of T. solemnis . We have, however, seen examples of similar patterns forming a continuum between various species of Traumatomutilla, such as T. parallela (Klug, 1821) from the T. indica species-group (PRB &amp; KAW pers. obs.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD378FF853F152AEB42FAFB9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD37CFFFB3C9A2D3D4615FC20.text	102A879CD37CFFFB3C9A2D3D4615FC20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla tetratrauma Bartholomay & Williams & Cambra & Lopez & Oliveira 2025	<div><p>Traumatomutilla tetratrauma Bartholomay &amp; Williams sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9F4A0B0E-1F68-4C95-BE39-BBBFC766CF01</p><p>Figs 18–19</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>Occipital carinae slightly swollen dorsolaterally; anterolateral carinae present on scutellar area; lateral surface of propodeum with dense micropunctures in between sparse foveolations; frons clothed with golden setae.</p><p>Male</p><p>Apex of cuspis with short setae; lateral surface of propodeum and metapleuron with conspicuous patches of appressed golden setae.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the greek ‘ tetra ’ ‘four’ and ‘ trauma ’ ‘wounded’, in reference to the four large orange spots on T2 of this species and the fact it has basically the same color pattern as T. quadrinotata but differs in structure.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Espírito Santo, Linhares; Apr. 1973; P.C. Elias leg.; MZSP.</p><p>Allotype BRAZIL • ♂; Espírito Santo, Linhares; Oct. 1972; M. Alvarenga leg.; CM.</p><p>Paratypes (15 ♀♀) BRAZIL • Bahia • 1 ♀; Padro, Cumuruxatiba; 20 Mar. 1985; N.A. Menezez leg.; MZSP . – Espírito Santo • 1 ♀; Conc. [Conceição da] Barra; Jul. 1969; P.C. Elias leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Aracruz, Comboios, mata; Jun. 1993; M.M.A. de Oliveira leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Linhares; Mar. 1973; P.C. Elias leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Linhares, A1 estrada solo arenoso; Apr. 2022; R.E. Vicente leg.; MBML, MBML-INV 4983 • 1 ♀; São Roque do Canãa; Aug. 2023; F.G. Chaves leg.; coleta manual; MBML MBML-INV 4932 . – Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; MG [Minas Gerais], Ataleia; 27 Jan. 1994; I. Cardoso leg.; MIUP . – Pernambuco • 1 spec.; Recife, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-34.941944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.009167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -34.941944/lat -8.009167)">Parque dos Dois Irmãos</a>; 8°00′33″ S, 34°56′31″ W; 21 Jul. 2002; STP Amarante e eq. [equipe] leg.; MZSP . – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♀; Distrito Federal [Rio de Janeiro]; Sep. 1928; MZSP • 1 ♀; Nova Iguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.43556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.578611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.43556/lat -22.578611)">Reserva Biológica do Tinguá</a>; 22°34′43″ S, 43°26′08″ W; 9–12 Mar. 2002; S.T.P. Amarante e eq [equipe] leg.; MZSP . – São Paulo • 1 ♀; Ilha São Sebastião; 31 Aug. 1963; H. Hzban leg.; MZSP • 3 ♀♀; Caraguatatuba, R. Flo [Reserva Florestal]; Jul. 1962; Exp. Dep. Zoo. [Expedição do Departamento de Zoologia]; MZSP • 1 ♀; Jan. 1938; “ E. schw.” leg.; MZSP .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 15 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and slightly swollen laterally. Vertex width 0.75× pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view almost equal to distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate, less densely so on malar space. Genal carina well defined. Mandible oblique, tapering slightly towards apex with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well defined, narrowly disconnected from antennal tubercles. Lateral scrobal carina absent. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 2.6× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.9× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Length 0.8 × width. Mesosomal dorsum mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with apparent sharp to scabrous intervals where visible. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, short, slightly shorter than pronotal collar, coarsely striated longitudinally throughout with dense coarse punctures dorsad; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina well defined, slightly projected dorsally, broadly separated from conspicuously projected angulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded, bulging. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense micropunctures except at smooth conspicuous subacute tubercle anterior to pronotal spiracle, distance between tubercles wider than distance between pronotal spiracles; mesopleuron mostly concealed by dense setation, densely micropunctate anteriorly, and densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate on mesopleural ridge where visible; metapleuron completely concealed by dense setation, except small posterior area on dorsal fourth unsculptured, smooth and shining. Lateral surface of propodeum mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate throughout with interspersed micropunctures where visible; intervals dull and blunt where visible. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 70: 83: 87: 60: 60. Lateral margin of mesonotum conspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into blunt process; post-mesonotal tubercle absent. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; postspiracular area indistinguishable. Scutellar scale present, as wide or wider than surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae present, approximately twice as wide as scutellar scale; scabrous intervals vestigial on scutellar area. Propodeum simply convex, dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 28: 64: 67. Disc of T2 mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed coarse micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots. T3–5 sculpture predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible; T6, except pygidial plate, almost concealed by dense setation, densely foveolate-punctate where visible. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, slightly higher medially. S2 densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold present. S3–5 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S6 sparsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 14–16 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Transversely subrectangular with posterolateral angles rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins of head convergent immediately behind eyes, but not contiguous with eye outline in dorsal view. Vertex width 0.8× pronotal width. Eye almost circular. Ocelli small; OOD 5.3 × DLO, IOD 1.0× DLO. Occipital carina distinct. Head surface sparsely and finely punctate; sculpture sparser and finer posterad. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe concave to eye margin, with well-defined transverse dorsal scrobal carina. Clypeus concave laterally immediately below antennal insertion, conspicuously convex medially; densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate medially and along apical/ventral margin laterally; apical/ ventral margin with a pair of medial short subacute free teeth medially. Scape bicarinate. Flagellomere 1 1.95 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.6× pedicel length. Mandible obliquely tridentate apically, medial tooth smaller than inner tooth; lacking dorsal or ventral projections.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Epaulets well defined, sharply projected from anterior margin of pronotum, separated from well-defined humeral carina, anterolateral corners of pronotum not angulate.Anterior surface of pronotum, with sparse fine punctures laterad with interspersed micropunctures, mostly unsculptured mediad; with medial longitudinal slightly concave smooth area. Tegula convex, mostly glabrous and impunctate except for dense coarse punctures along inner and anterior margin. Dorsum of pronotum densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate with somewhat sharp intervals. Mesoscutum densely and finely foveolate-punctate, parapsis reduced to posterior half of mesoscutum, notaulus absent. Scutellum sloping throughout, somewhat depressed medially, without defined dorsal and posterior surfaces, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate to foveolate-punctate; anterior intervals somewhat aligned so as to form vestigial irregular longitudinal carina medially. Axilla produced posterolaterally as obliquely truncate projection, with inner margin slightly curved inward apicad in dorsal view; projection coarsely foveolate-punctate basad, unsculptured, smooth, shining apicad. Metanotum slightly wider laterad, its surface obscured by dense setation. Propodeal dorsum convex, mostly concealed, densely areolate; sculpture of lateral surface absent along most of anterior margin; dorsal surface indistinguishable from posterior surface. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely and vestigially punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures; mesopleura with conspicuous blunt projection on dorsal half; sculpture densely and coarsely areolate with interspersed micropunctures to simply micropunctate anterad. Metapleuron partially concealed by dense setation, micropunctate where visible, except basal third densely and coarsely areolate.</p><p>WINGS. Forewing with elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell elongated, roundly truncate apically; three submarginal cells.</p><p>LEGS. Simply setose, no strong spines discernible dorsally; spurs finely serrate on margins.</p><p>METASOMA. T1 0.5 × as wide as T2. T2 0.9× as long as wide. Dorsal metasomal sculpture, except pygidial plate, partially concealed by dense setation, densely and finely punctate with sparse interspersed micropunctures where visible; sculpture sparser and less defined in apical segments; pygidial plate slightly broader than long, weakly defined by parallel carinae laterally; surface densely micropunctate throughout. S1 longitudinally elevated medially, terminating in slightly concave low longitudinal carina. S2 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; sculpture sparser mediad; anteromedial crest-fold present, sternal pit absent. S3–7 sparsely and finely foveolate-punctate to punctate; S7 longer than broad, posterior margin projected medially into closely bidentate apex.</p><p>GENITALIA. Parapenial lobe slightly pronounced posteriorl, acute. Ratios of free length of paramere, cuspis and digitus, 83: 58: 18. Paramere almost straight in dorsal view, upcurved posteriorly in lateral view, asetose except for sparse scattered inconspicuous setae throughout, setae more evident on ventral surface. Cuspis slender, elongate, almost straight and equally wide throughout in dorsal view, slightly upcurved posterad and somewhat subcaptitate on apex, with inconspicuous short setae on apex, scattered inconspicuous short setae elsewhere. Paracuspis poorly developed, sessile, lobe-like, wider than long with almost flate and asetose posterior margin. Digitus short, slightly curved inward in dorsal view, evenly upcurved and tapered posterad in lateral view, apex more abruptly curved and subcapitate, setose anterodorsally. Penis valve strongly concave on inner surface, with well-defined pair of short acute teeth posteroventrally, with poorly-defined lateral pocket on outer margin, apical distance between teeth 0.1× length of valve, dense setae present along flat posterior margin and inconspicuous setae present at base of anterior tooth on outer surface, setae on posterior margin longer ventrad, posterior margin slightly sloping dorsad.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Female</p><p>Integument black to brownish black, except mandibles and antennal flagellomeres partially reddish-brown, and T2 with four large orange integumental spots. Body setae predominantly golden varying in density, except the following areas with black setae varying in density: vertex, gena, malar space, and ventral surface of head; dorsum of propodeum, anterior half of mesoscutum, and propodeal dorsum medially; T1 medially, disc of T2 medially (except integumental spots), fringe of T2–3 sublaterally.</p><p>Male</p><p>Integument black. Body setae predominantly black varying in density, except the following areas with golden setae: antennal tubercles, lateral surface of pronotum, mesosomal pleurae, metanotum, propodeum, and legs; T1, posterior two thirds of T2, fringe of T2–3 laterally, S1–4, and fringe of S2–4. Wings dark brown throughout. Tibial spurs yellowish-white.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Initially, T. quadrinotata appeared to be an easily recognizable, but variable species. It was originally known from females only and there seemed to be variation in the head setae color and mesosomal setal length. The male was also apparently easily recognized, based on its large body size, overlapping distribution, and parallel coloration with the female and other Atlantic Forest species. After careful examination of numerous suspected T. quadrinotata males, however, we discovered that there were two species with identical coloration and remarkably similar external morphology, but distinct genitalia (Figs 13A–F, 19A–F). Since there were two distinct species among the putative males of T. quadrinotata, we re-evaluated the species limits of the females. Those individuals with golden setae on the frons and uniformly short mesosomal setae were found to differ from the typical T. quadrinotata by structural features as well, namely the occipital carina was swollen, the scutellar area was armed with distinct anterolateral transverse carinae, and T1 was slightly broader and shorter. We therefore recognized these females as belonging to a distinct new species, named here as T. tetratrauma sp. nov. The next step was to determine which of the males (short cuspis setae or long cuspis setae) belonged to each species. Both of these males and females overlap in distribution in the Atlantic Forest, so distribution couldn’t solve the association. Among the members of the species-group, only two males have short cuspis setae: T. incerta and one of these males. Therefore, the female of the short cuspis male should be similar to T. incerta . Traumatomutilla incerta and T. tetratrauma are the only species in this group with the occipital carina swollen and T1 comparatively short and broad. We therefore hypothesize that the male of T. tetratrauma is the one with short cuspis setae. The male with longer cuspis setae is associated with T. quadrinotata .</p><p>Given the similarities between these two species, various collections will likely have numerous specimens of T. tetratrauma sp. nov. misidentified as T. quadrinotata . Perhaps when these specimens are re-evaluated, patterns about their distribution will become clearer. At this moment, it appears that T. tetratrauma is a Northern species, with most records focused in Espírito Santo State. Conversely, T. quadrinotata seems more widespread with many records from São Paulo and Santa Catarina states.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD37CFFFB3C9A2D3D4615FC20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
102A879CD302FFFE3F152ACF42D7FDF0.text	102A879CD302FFFE3F152ACF42D7FDF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Traumatomutilla ursina (Gerstaecker 1874)	<div><p>Traumatomutilla ursina (Gerstaecker, 1874)</p><p>Fig. 20</p><p>Mutilla ursina Gerstaecker, 1874: 74 .</p><p>Ephuta (Traumatomutilla) ursina – André 1902: 56.</p><p>Traumatomutilla ursina – André 1904: 40.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Female</p><p>In addition to the structural characters referenced in the species groups diagnosis, T. ursina can be defined by three unique features, body almost entirely covered by dense, long, brownish-black setae; lateral tubercles of mesonotum greatly reduced, as far apart as pronotal spiracles; and anterolateral corners of T2 devoid of sculpture and setae, smooth, shining.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; ZMB.</p><p>Other material examined (3 ♀♀)</p><p>BRAZIL – Mato Grosso • 1 ♀; Vaccaria; Nov. 1922; ZMB . – Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; Corumbai [sic]; Nov. 1963; DZUP • 1 ♀; Araxá; 5 May 1965; C. Elias leg.; DZUP .</p><p>Description</p><p>Female</p><p>BODY LENGTH. 16–17 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Posterior margin almost straight. Occipital carina evenly arched and equally wide throughout. Vertex width 0.8 × pronotal width. Eye almost circular, its length in frontal view 0.9× distance from its ventral margin to mandibular condyle. Head densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate. Genal carina poorly defined, nearly vestigial. Mandible elongate, oblique, tapering slightly towards with small subapical tooth. Dorsal scrobal carina present, well defined, disconnected from antennal tubercles and lateral scrobal carina. Antennal tubercle coarsely and irregularly rugose. Flagellomere 1 3.1× pedicel length; flagellomere 2 2.0× pedicel length.</p><p>MESOSOMA. Length 0.9 × width. Mesosomal dorsum mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely areolate-punctate with apparent scabrous intervals medially where visible. Anterior surface of propodeum defined, short, slightly shorter than pronotal collar, coarsely striated longitudinally throughout with dense coarse punctures dorsomedially; dorsal surface rounded into anterior surface in lateral view. Humeral carina welldefined, projected dorsally, broadly separated from conspicuously projected angulate epaulet; anterolateral corners of pronotum sharply angulate in dorsal view. Pronotal spiracle slightly projected from lateral margin of pronotum, rounded, bulging. Lateral surface of pronotum sparsely punctate with dense micropunctures except at smooth conspicuous subacute tubercle anterior to pronotal spiracle; mesopleuron densely micropunctate anteriorly, sparsely and vestigially punctate to foveolate-punctate to areolate-punctate ventrad on mesopleural ridge; dorsal half of mesopleural ridge simply micropunctate; metapleuron unsculptured, smooth shining on dorsal fourth, densely, coarsely and confusedly areolate on basal fourth, and with concealed by dense setation elsewhere. Lateral surface of propodeum sparsely and coarsely foveolate-punctate posterad; smooth and shining anterad; with vestigially rugose intervals posterad. Ratios of width of humeral angles, pronotal spiracles, widest point of mesonotum, narrowest point of mesonotum and propodeum posterior to propodeal spiracles, 70: 77: 77:56: 53. Lateral margin of mesonotum 217 conspicuously constricted anterior to propodeal spiracle, strongly diverging anterad, medially projected, into short, inconspicuous blunt process; with very small conspicuous tubercle posterior to lateral process. Propodeal spiracle strongly projected from lateral margin of mesosoma; post-spiracular area vestigial. Scutellar scale present, reduced, as narrow as surrounding sculpture; anterolateral carinae absent; scabrous intervals present on scutellar area. Propodeum slightly elongate, dorsal surface longer than and poorly distinguished from posterior surface.</p><p>METASOMA. Ratios of width of T1, width of T2 and length of T2, 41: 84: 84. Disc of T2 mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to punctate with dense, interspersed micropunctures where visible; foveolations sparser and micropunctures absent laterally and over integumental spots; anterolateral corners of T2 devoid of setae and sculpture, smooth, shining. T3–6 sculpture, except pygidial plate, predominantly concealed by dense setation, densely and coarsely foveolate-punctate to simply punctate with interspersed micropunctures where visible. S1 sparsely, coarsely and confusedly foveolate-punctate, surface cuneiform, ending in short blunt longitudinal carina, slightly higher medially. S2 sparsely foveolate-punctate, sculpture conspicuously sparser posteromediad; anteromedial crest-fold vestigial. S3–4 sculpture mostly concealed by dense setation, densely and finely foveolate-punctate with sparse micropunctures where visible; S4 densely foveolate-punctate; S6 sparsely foveolate-punctate. Pygidial plate subpyriform, defined by lateral carinae at apical fourth of plate; surface irregularly rugose; interstice apparently granulose.</p><p>Coloration and variations</p><p>Integument black, except antennal flagellomeres and mandibles partially reddish-brown. Body setae predominantly and very densely black to brownish-black, except the following areas with silvery-white to silvery-golden setae varying in density: mesonotum, scutellar area, and propodeal dorsum laterally; mesopleuron, metapleuron, and lateral surface of propodeum; T1 laterally, lateral felt lines of T2, lateral margins of T2, lateral areas of T2 disc, fringe of T2–4, fringe of T5 medially, S1–3, and fringe of S2–3.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Traumatomutilla ursina is unusual, especially due to the conspicuously long brownish dorsal setae and the asetose and unsculptured anterolateral portion of T2. Both these characters are unprecedented in South American Dasymutillini . Additionally, the head in frontal view seems to be wider than most Traumatomutilla species, especially related to how protuberant the eyes appear to be in frontal view. No structural or color variations were observed in the few specimens available for study, which, save for the specimen from Araxá (DZUP), have no other indication of locality except country and/or state. As mentioned before, T. ursina is one of four putative females that may be associated with either T. infernalis or T. pompiliformis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/102A879CD302FFFE3F152ACF42D7FDF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bartholomay, Pedro R.;Williams, Kevin A.;Cambra, Roberto A.;Lopez, Vinícius M.;Oliveira, Marcio L.	Bartholomay, Pedro R., Williams, Kevin A., Cambra, Roberto A., Lopez, Vinícius M., Oliveira, Marcio L. (2025): Revision of the Traumatomutilla quadrinotata species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae): new synonyms, sex associations, and a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. European Journal of Taxonomy 995: 1-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.995.2913, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2913/13193
