taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
163C91782806BC3BFD9CBB5BF5E05065.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282283/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282283	Fig. 3. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger. A. Petiole with scurf and scales (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). B. Petiole scale, showing pseudopeltate insertion with white differentiated margin with dark marginal teeth (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). C. Pinna, silhouette (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). D. Pinnule, adaxially (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). E. Fertile segment, abaxially (M. Lehnert 461, BONN).	Fig. 3. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger. A. Petiole with scurf and scales (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). B. Petiole scale, showing pseudopeltate insertion with white differentiated margin with dark marginal teeth (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). C. Pinna, silhouette (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). D. Pinnule, adaxially (M. Lehnert 461, BONN). E. Fertile segment, abaxially (M. Lehnert 461, BONN).	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782806BC3BFD9CBB5BF5E05065.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282281	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782806BC3BFD9CBB5BF5E05065.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282297/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282297	Fig. 8. Cyathea oblonga (Klotzsch) Domin in the field (Kanuku Mts, Prov. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana). A. Trunk apex. B. Petiole with scales, detail. C. Whole leaf. D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. Note the small brown squamules on the costules, medial position of sori and the typical blunt segments and pinnule apex. (photos © A. Tejedor)	Fig. 8. Cyathea oblonga (Klotzsch) Domin in the field (Kanuku Mts, Prov. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana). A. Trunk apex. B. Petiole with scales, detail. C. Whole leaf. D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. Note the small brown squamules on the costules, medial position of sori and the typical blunt segments and pinnule apex. (photos © A. Tejedor)	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782805BC3EFDC7BAE5F4505621.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282287/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282287	Fig. 4. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin. A. Type of Alsophila bulligera Rosenst.; showing weak dimorphism between fertile (left) and sterile (right) pinnules (O. Buchtien 288, lectotype S-R-199; © Swedish Museum of Natural History. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://herbarium.nrm.se/specimens/S-R-199). B. Type of Alsophila floribunda Hook. & Baker, representing a fully fertile leaf (Spruce 4715, lectotype K000227562; © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000227562). Note that the length of the pinnules and the distances between the costules are roughly the same in both specimens.	Fig. 4. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin. A. Type of Alsophila bulligera Rosenst.; showing weak dimorphism between fertile (left) and sterile (right) pinnules (O. Buchtien 288, lectotype S-R-199; © Swedish Museum of Natural History. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://herbarium.nrm.se/specimens/S-R-199). B. Type of Alsophila floribunda Hook. & Baker, representing a fully fertile leaf (Spruce 4715, lectotype K000227562; © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000227562). Note that the length of the pinnules and the distances between the costules are roughly the same in both specimens.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782805BC3EFDC7BAE5F4505621.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282281	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782800BC22FDBABC22F454534D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282289/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282289	Fig. 5. Cyathea klotzschiana Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales (F. Giraldo 2542, BONN). B. Pinna, silhouette (holotype, H. Wagener s.n., B 20 0000322). C. Pinnule, fertile, abaxially (W. Meier, O. Escorcha & G. Forbes 11303, UC). D. Small pinnules, sterile, adaxially (holotype, H. Wagener s.n., B 20 0000322).	Fig. 5. Cyathea klotzschiana Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales (F. Giraldo 2542, BONN). B. Pinna, silhouette (holotype, H. Wagener s.n., B 20 0000322). C. Pinnule, fertile, abaxially (W. Meier, O. Escorcha & G. Forbes 11303, UC). D. Small pinnules, sterile, adaxially (holotype, H. Wagener s.n., B 20 0000322).	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782800BC22FDBABC22F454534D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282291/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282291	Fig. 6. Cyathea klotzschiana Domin in the field (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Dept. Magdalena, Colombia); large plant. A. Whole leaf with ten pinna pairs and a conform apex; petiole scales restricted to the petiole base. B. Fertile pinnules abaxially. Note characteristic white squamules on costae and costules; the segments are more elongate than in the plants shown in Fig. 5, thus the soral lines appear less in a zig-zag-pattern while technically still not being parallel to the midveins. (photos © M. Lehnert)	Fig. 6. Cyathea klotzschiana Domin in the field (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Dept. Magdalena, Colombia); large plant. A. Whole leaf with ten pinna pairs and a conform apex; petiole scales restricted to the petiole base. B. Fertile pinnules abaxially. Note characteristic white squamules on costae and costules; the segments are more elongate than in the plants shown in Fig. 5, thus the soral lines appear less in a zig-zag-pattern while technically still not being parallel to the midveins. (photos © M. Lehnert)	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C9178281DBC27FD93BE75F24D518D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282295/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282295	Fig. 7. Cyathea oblonga (Klotzsch) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales. B. Petiole scale, showing white differentiated margin with few dark marginal teeth. C. Pinna, silhouette. D. Pinnule, abaxially. E. Fertile segment, abaxially. (all from Maciel 985, BONN).	Fig. 7. Cyathea oblonga (Klotzsch) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales. B. Petiole scale, showing white differentiated margin with few dark marginal teeth. C. Pinna, silhouette. D. Pinnule, abaxially. E. Fertile segment, abaxially. (all from Maciel 985, BONN).	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C9178281DBC27FD93BE75F24D518D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282297/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282297	Fig. 8. Cyathea oblonga (Klotzsch) Domin in the field (Kanuku Mts, Prov. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana). A. Trunk apex. B. Petiole with scales, detail. C. Whole leaf. D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. Note the small brown squamules on the costules, medial position of sori and the typical blunt segments and pinnule apex. (photos © A. Tejedor)	Fig. 8. Cyathea oblonga (Klotzsch) Domin in the field (Kanuku Mts, Prov. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana). A. Trunk apex. B. Petiole with scales, detail. C. Whole leaf. D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. Note the small brown squamules on the costules, medial position of sori and the typical blunt segments and pinnule apex. (photos © A. Tejedor)	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C9178281DBC27FD93BE75F24D518D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282281	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782819BC2AFDECBB8DF289542F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282299/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282299	Fig. 9. Cyathea pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales, small individual (Lehnert 3162, BONN). B. Pinna, silhouette. C. Pinnule, adaxially (M. Lehnert 3162, BONN). D. fertile segment, abaxially (Lehnert 3162, BONN).	Fig. 9. Cyathea pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales, small individual (Lehnert 3162, BONN). B. Pinna, silhouette. C. Pinnule, adaxially (M. Lehnert 3162, BONN). D. fertile segment, abaxially (Lehnert 3162, BONN).	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782819BC2AFDECBB8DF289542F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282281	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782814BC2CFD93BE28F5A75628.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282279/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282279	Fig. 1. Distribution of Cyathea pungens (Wild.) Domin and its different forms; most likely area of origin of the type deduced from literature research. Gaps in Peru and Brazil presumably reflect collection biases, whereas the absence in central and south Bolivia and northern parts of Colombia and Venezuela probably represent true absence.	Fig. 1. Distribution of Cyathea pungens (Wild.) Domin and its different forms; most likely area of origin of the type deduced from literature research. Gaps in Peru and Brazil presumably reflect collection biases, whereas the absence in central and south Bolivia and northern parts of Colombia and Venezuela probably represent true absence.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782814BC2CFD93BE28F5A75628.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282281	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782812BC13FD85BC2BF54A53F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282301/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282301	Fig. 10. Cyathea pungens (Willd.) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales (Tuomisto et al. 16679, BONN). B. Petiole scale from petiole base, showing only thin white differentiated margin (Tuomisto et al. 16679, BONN). C. Pinna, silhouette (S. Maciel 1541, BONN). D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (E. Poeppig s.n., W0056018). E. Fertile segment, abaxially (S. Maciel 1541, BONN).	Fig. 10. Cyathea pungens (Willd.) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales (Tuomisto et al. 16679, BONN). B. Petiole scale from petiole base, showing only thin white differentiated margin (Tuomisto et al. 16679, BONN). C. Pinna, silhouette (S. Maciel 1541, BONN). D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (E. Poeppig s.n., W0056018). E. Fertile segment, abaxially (S. Maciel 1541, BONN).	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782812BC13FD85BC2BF54A53F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282309/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282309	Fig. 13. Cyathea werffii R.C.Moran in the field (Chiriaco, Prov. Bagua, Dept. Amazonas, Peru). A. Plant with upright fully bipinnate-pinnatifid leaves; note smaller and less dissected leaves left and right coming from the same rhizome. B. Comparison of soral lines of C. werffii (bottom) with “sessile” C. pungens (Willd.) Domin. Note the characteristic darkened spots at the base of the costules in both species. (photos © M. Lehnert)	Fig. 13. Cyathea werffii R.C.Moran in the field (Chiriaco, Prov. Bagua, Dept. Amazonas, Peru). A. Plant with upright fully bipinnate-pinnatifid leaves; note smaller and less dissected leaves left and right coming from the same rhizome. B. Comparison of soral lines of C. werffii (bottom) with “sessile” C. pungens (Willd.) Domin. Note the characteristic darkened spots at the base of the costules in both species. (photos © M. Lehnert)	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782812BC13FD85BC2BF54A53F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282279/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282279	Fig. 1. Distribution of Cyathea pungens (Wild.) Domin and its different forms; most likely area of origin of the type deduced from literature research. Gaps in Peru and Brazil presumably reflect collection biases, whereas the absence in central and south Bolivia and northern parts of Colombia and Venezuela probably represent true absence.	Fig. 1. Distribution of Cyathea pungens (Wild.) Domin and its different forms; most likely area of origin of the type deduced from literature research. Gaps in Peru and Brazil presumably reflect collection biases, whereas the absence in central and south Bolivia and northern parts of Colombia and Venezuela probably represent true absence.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782812BC13FD85BC2BF54A53F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282281	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C9178282DBC16FDE8BA7CF563519B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282303/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282303	Fig. 11. Cyathea pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales. B. Petiole scale from petiole base. C. Pinna, silhouette. D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (all from Lehnert 458, BONN)	Fig. 11. Cyathea pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin. A. Petiole with scurf and scales. B. Petiole scale from petiole base. C. Pinna, silhouette. D. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (all from Lehnert 458, BONN)	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C9178282DBC16FDE8BA7CF563519B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282307/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282307	Fig. 12. A. Original illustration of Alsophila pycnocarpa Kunze (Kunze 1846: tab. LXXXVI; CC0 1.0 Deed; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137895#page/429/mode/1up), showing a whole leaf with characteristic pale indument on the leaf axes. B. Herbarium specimen of Cyathea squamata (Klotzsch) Domin, showing typical pinnule shape with distinct petiolule and cordate bases; whitish laminar squamules also discernable in digitized image (Cuatrecasas et al. 12585, F; © Field Museum of Natural History. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://fm-digital-assets.fieldmuseum.org/1088/090/C0645972F.jpg (accessed 27 Feb. 2025)).	Fig. 12. A. Original illustration of Alsophila pycnocarpa Kunze (Kunze 1846: tab. LXXXVI; CC0 1.0 Deed; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137895#page/429/mode/1up), showing a whole leaf with characteristic pale indument on the leaf axes. B. Herbarium specimen of Cyathea squamata (Klotzsch) Domin, showing typical pinnule shape with distinct petiolule and cordate bases; whitish laminar squamules also discernable in digitized image (Cuatrecasas et al. 12585, F; © Field Museum of Natural History. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://fm-digital-assets.fieldmuseum.org/1088/090/C0645972F.jpg (accessed 27 Feb. 2025)).	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782829BC19FDEABA02F5C550B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282307/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282307	Fig. 12. A. Original illustration of Alsophila pycnocarpa Kunze (Kunze 1846: tab. LXXXVI; CC0 1.0 Deed; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137895#page/429/mode/1up), showing a whole leaf with characteristic pale indument on the leaf axes. B. Herbarium specimen of Cyathea squamata (Klotzsch) Domin, showing typical pinnule shape with distinct petiolule and cordate bases; whitish laminar squamules also discernable in digitized image (Cuatrecasas et al. 12585, F; © Field Museum of Natural History. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://fm-digital-assets.fieldmuseum.org/1088/090/C0645972F.jpg (accessed 27 Feb. 2025)).	Fig. 12. A. Original illustration of Alsophila pycnocarpa Kunze (Kunze 1846: tab. LXXXVI; CC0 1.0 Deed; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137895#page/429/mode/1up), showing a whole leaf with characteristic pale indument on the leaf axes. B. Herbarium specimen of Cyathea squamata (Klotzsch) Domin, showing typical pinnule shape with distinct petiolule and cordate bases; whitish laminar squamules also discernable in digitized image (Cuatrecasas et al. 12585, F; © Field Museum of Natural History. CC BY-NC 4.0. https://fm-digital-assets.fieldmuseum.org/1088/090/C0645972F.jpg (accessed 27 Feb. 2025)).	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782827BC1BFDAEBABDF334569E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282309/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282309	Fig. 13. Cyathea werffii R.C.Moran in the field (Chiriaco, Prov. Bagua, Dept. Amazonas, Peru). A. Plant with upright fully bipinnate-pinnatifid leaves; note smaller and less dissected leaves left and right coming from the same rhizome. B. Comparison of soral lines of C. werffii (bottom) with “sessile” C. pungens (Willd.) Domin. Note the characteristic darkened spots at the base of the costules in both species. (photos © M. Lehnert)	Fig. 13. Cyathea werffii R.C.Moran in the field (Chiriaco, Prov. Bagua, Dept. Amazonas, Peru). A. Plant with upright fully bipinnate-pinnatifid leaves; note smaller and less dissected leaves left and right coming from the same rhizome. B. Comparison of soral lines of C. werffii (bottom) with “sessile” C. pungens (Willd.) Domin. Note the characteristic darkened spots at the base of the costules in both species. (photos © M. Lehnert)	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
163C91782827BC1BFDAEBABDF334569E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15282281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282281	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	Fig. 2. Distribution of taxa of the Cyathea pungens complex except C. pungens (Wild.) Domin s. str. A. Cyathea dombeyi (Desv.) Lellinger (blue triangles), C. pycnocarpa (Kunze) Domin (green dots), C. squamata (Klotzsch) Domin (black squares), C. werffii R.C.Moran (magenta dots). B. Cyathea floribunda (Hook. & Baker) Domin (black squares), C. klotzschiana Domin (black dots), C. oblonga Domin (orange diamonds), C. pastazensis (Hieron.) Domin (blue triangles), C. praecincta (Klotzsch) Domin (green dots); note that the ranges of C. klotzschiana in the north and C. floribunda in the south do not overlap but are separated by C. pastazensis.	2025-04-23	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo		Zenodo	biologists	Lehnert, Marcus;Tejedor, Adrian;Kessler, Michael;Rodríguez Duque, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo			
