taxonID	type	description	language	source
1458879AFFEAFF90FF505A84FDF4FCAE.taxon	description	Coastal bees have been best studied at Grass Island preserve in Guilford, New Haven County (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019), although bee bowl surveys were also conducted concomitantly at six other coastal locations throughout Connecticut by Laura Saucier of the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (unpublished). One notable bee species found at Grass Island and the Connecticut coastline is the Atlantic coastal sand dune specialist Lasioglossum marinum. This maritime bee is also found on Cape Cod and other coastal regions in Massachusetts (Goldstein & Ascher 2016; Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), Gardiners Island, New York (Ascher et al. 2014), along the Long Island Shore east to Breezy Point in Queens, New York City (Ascher 2016) and at Napatree Point Conservation Area in Rhode Island (Rothwell & Ginsberg 2019). Its range spans the eastern seaboard from New Hampshire to Florida. Hylaeu s s chwarzii is a coastal specialist that has been collected only at Grass Island in Connecticut, however it has been detected recently at a nearby barrier beach in western Rhode Island at the Napatree Point Conservation Area (Rothwell & Ginsberg 2019) near the Connecticut border. Hylaeu s aff. nelumboni s was found at Grass Island in Connecticut (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019) and on Gardiners Island in New York (Ascher et al. 2014), but not yet in Rhode Island (Rothwell & Ginsberg 2019). The recently described sand-specialist Lasioglossum georgeickworti has been detected at both Grass Island (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019) and Napatree Point in Rhode Island (Rothwell & Ginsberg 2019) but not on Gardiners Island (Ascher et al. 2014). Although L. georgeckworti has been found in Connecticut and Rhode Island in maritime locations only, it is not limited to coastal beach dunes as the holotype for L. georgeckworti was collected in an inland xeric pitch-pine-scrub oak barren by J. Milam in Massachusetts at the Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area (Franklin County). Native flora of beach communities in Connecticut that are important to bees include sea lavender (Limonium carolinianum), seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens), American searocket (Cakile edentula), eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), beach pea (Lathyrus japonicus), and beach plum (Prunus maritima). Exotic beach rose (Rosa rugosa) has become naturalized along the Connecticut coast and is considered an invasive plant species in Connecticut (Connecticut Invasive Plant Working Group 2022). Rosa rugosa is a major pollen source for bees in shoreline communities in Connecticut, especially Bombus impatiens (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019). It is unclear if Rosa rugosa is outcompeting native plants (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019). Herbaceous inland wetland habitat	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFF9FF82FF505FBBFE55FC90.taxon	description	Reference: Bossert et al. (2022); Bouseman & LaBerge (1978); Cockerell (1902); Donovan (1977); Gibbs et al. (2017 a); Hurd (1979); LaBerge (1967, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1985, 1986 a, 1989); LaBerge & Bouseman (1970); LaBerge & Ribble (1972, 1975); Larkin et al. (2006); Mitchell (1960); Pisanty et al. (2022); Portman et al. (2020); Praz et al. (2022); Ribble (1967, 1968, 1974) Subgenus Andrena Fabricius	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFF9FF82FF505D0AFD67FB30.taxon	description	Notes: This species is a known specialist on blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) (LaBerge 1980 [as A. longifacies LaBerge]; Wood & Roberts 2018) and is associated in Central New York State with other Ericaceae such as deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum) (Cane et al. 1985) [as A. longifacies LaBerge]. In Connecticut, it has been collected from leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), and mountain maple (Acer spicatum). Collection locations in Connecticut include powerline ROW, the edge of an ericaceous bog, and a hardwood forest dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFF9FF82FF505AEAFB36FA51.taxon	description	Notes: Hurd (1979), Litt (1998), and Westrich (2019) considered this naturally Holarctic, colorful, earlyflying vernal species to be a specialist of willow (Salix). Studies of willow-visiting Andrena in New Brunswick found it to be a predominant species (Mosseler et al. 2020; Ostaff et al. 2015), and Falk & Lewington (2015), in the United Kingdom, note that, “ Pollen is obtained almost exclusively from willows, ” assessments in accordance with our observations. In Connecticut, females of this species are known to visit willow (Salix spp.) in habitats such as hardwood forests, acidic bogs, and inland riparian habitats in the northern part of the state.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFF9FF82FF50584AFCC8F89C.taxon	description	Notes: This late spring bee has been netted from azaleas (Rhododendron sp.) in Connecticut, supporting evidence for its affinity for that host plant (LaBerge 1980), and is reliably found where its host plant is present within the state, even though it has not been found by recent workers at its type locality of Ithaca, New York (note lack of Tompkins County records in Ascher 2016). This species has been collected in a sandplain remnant, a sphagnum bog, a forest wildflower garden in an arboretum, and powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFF9FF85FF505906FEB7FF6F.taxon	description	Notes: This early spring bee is an oligolege of willow (Salix sp.) (LaBerge 1980) and the most abundant visitor to those in its core, northern, range (Mosseler et al. 2020; Ostaff et al. 2015). In Connecticut it has been collected on or near its host plant in suburban neighborhoods, agricultural land, forest edges, and on school campuses.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFEFF85FF505EB0FE38FE73.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected recently in orchards, coastal scrub, a forest wildflower garden in an arboretum, powerline ROW, and university plantings in Connecticut, and in forest fragments in Massachusetts (J. Milam pers. comm.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFEFF85FF505FA4FB69FD5B.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected from a variety of flowers in Connecticut including moosewood maple (Acer pensylvanicum) and Rosaceae including American mountain ash (Sorbus americana). It has been collected regularly but in small numbers from diverse habitats such as powerline ROW, a conifer plantation, acidic bogs, inland wetlands, orchards, agricultural land, upland hardwood forests, and school grounds.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFEFF85FF505CBCFB59FC6F.taxon	description	Notes: This species has a relatively long malar space, perhaps an adaptation for extracting nectar from Ericaceae which it routinely visits among other host plants. In Connecticut it has been found in meadows, agricultural land, and a mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaved trees near a swamp and black spruce bog.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFEFF85FF505DB0FDAEFA39.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: Litchfield Co.: Colebrook, 23 July 1911, W. M. Wheeler (ANSP). Notes: This widespread species has a relatively late flight season for a native Andrena and has been found in Connecticut along roadsides and forest edges visiting birds-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). Wood & Roberts (2018) report that A. thaspii is polylectic with a strong preference for Fabaceae pollen, but LaBerge (1980) noted “ no strong floral preferences. ” This species has also been detected in sandplain remnants, agricultural land, and pollinator gardens in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFEFF85FF505BE1FDA7F90A.taxon	description	Notes: This vernal species was not cited for Connecticut by early historical workers, possibly due to identification difficulties prior to modern revisionary studies (LaBerge 1980). It has been collected in Connecticut in agricultural land, powerline ROW, hardwood forests, and an arboretum. Subgenus Callandrena Cockerell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFEFF84FF50588CFDE2FF6E.taxon	description	Notes: The only known record of this uncommon composite oligolege (Hurd 1979) in Connecticut is the female noted below. A putative first record for New York State (White et al. 2022) is from far north of the confirmed range of this species (see LaBerge 1967). No details are provided to document the identification, and we regard this report as unconfirmed at best.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFEFF84FF50588CFDE2FF6E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: New Canaan: 15 September 1967, coll. M. Favreau, 1 ♀, AMNH, det. W. E. LaBerge, AMNH _ BEE 00008267.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFFFF84FF505EB0FCC0FDE2.taxon	description	Notes: Most records (n = 17) for this oligolege of Asteraceae (Hurd 1979) in Connecticut come from only 3 dates in 1967 from collections by M. S. Favreau in New Canaan (Fairfield County). There is a single record from Fairfield County in 1983, collector unknown. In 2020 and 2023, this species was detected in the towns of Southbury and North Haven (New Haven County) by community scientists on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 336484) (see also Figure 2, F). It was also documented recently in the western counties of Massachusetts, where it is common on sunflowers (Helianthus sp.) in community gardens, small farms, and natural areas (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFFFF84FF505C34FEBDFCF7.taxon	description	Notes: This late season species has been found on its known host plants in Connecticut, including asters (Symphyotrichum spp.) and goldenrods (Solidago s. l.), in meadows, school grounds, agricultural land, and sandplain remnants.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFFFF84FF505B6BFD43F998.taxon	description	Notes: Most Connecticut specimens of this sunflower (Helianthus spp.) specialist (Hurd et al. 1980; Wood & Roberts 2018) were collected by M. S. Favreau in 1967 (n = 30). There are only three recent records; two are reported in Zarrillo et al. (2016) and the other is an observation made on iNaturalist by D. P. Mantack in 2023 (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 178735972).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFFFF84FF505803FD42F8F5.taxon	description	Notes: This dwarf dandelion (Krigia sp.) specialist (Hurd 1979), recently reported northeast to Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), is known in Connecticut from only one specimen noted below.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFFFF84FF505803FD42F8F5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: 13 June 1902, coll. E. J. S. Moore, sex unverified, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028187.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFFFF84FF505D9DFC76FAB3.taxon	description	Notes: This late season Asteraceae specialist has been found on goldenrods (Solidago s. l.) in Connecticut, in habitats such as powerline ROW and sandplain remnants. Its distribution in the northeast centers around Massachusetts and Connecticut, south to Gardiners Island (Ascher et al. 2014) and the tip of eastern Long Island, New York, at Montauk Beach (Suffolk County), extending northward to Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, and south to Virginia, with its western range limits uncertain (LaBerge 1967).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFFFF87FF50592DFA39FF43.taxon	description	Notes: This late season specialist on goldenrods (Solidago s. l.) (Hurd 1979; Wood & Roberts 2018) was netted from its host plant during a study of alternative floral resources on vegetable farms in Connecticut (Stoner 2013). It was also found in sandplain remnants, powerline ROW, the edge of an inland swamp, and a quarry top.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFCFF87FF505F54FD8EFDB8.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected from agricultural land, powerline ROW, a coastal wildlife refuge, and sandplain remnants. Subgenus Cnemidandrena Hedicke	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFCFF87FF505C62FF6DFC3C.taxon	description	Notes: Most records (89 %) for this species are from Litchfield County and are historical. Recent records (n = 2) were collected on 12 September 2007 and 11 October 2008. This species is broadly oligolectic on Asteraceae (Wood & Roberts 2018) and has been collected on goldenrod (Solidago s. l.) in Connecticut. Available habitat information for this species in Connecticut includes a small, diversified organic farm and a wooded suburban neighborhood. It is scarce in southern New England and evidently more numerous in northern New England, e. g. Coos County, New Hampshire, and Maine (M. F. Veit pers. comm.), and in Maritime Canada (J. S. Ascher pers. obs.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFCFF87FF505DE6FD4EFB78.taxon	description	Notes: This common species is broadly oligolectic on Asteraceae (Wood & Roberts 2018) and has been collected on wrinkleleaf goldenrod (Solidago rugosa), seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens), late boneset (Eupatorium serotinum), and various asters (Symphyotrichum spp.) in diverse habitats in Connecticut, such as upland hardwood forests, sandplain remnants, a coastal wildlife refuge, coastal dunes, inland wetlands, powerline ROW, suburban neighborhoods, and agricultural land.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFCFF87FF505AA2FB25FA44.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist on Asteraceae (Wood & Roberts 2018) has been collected on goldenrod (Solidago s. l.) in Connecticut in powerline ROW, hardwood forests, sandplain remnants, inland wetlands, suburban neighborhoods, and agricultural land. This species was found in seven towns prior to the year 2000 and 18 towns after 2000, perhaps as an effect of the increasing number of community science observations of this distinctive species on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 198973).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFCFF86FF50585EFF50FE25.taxon	description	Notes: A female of this rare specialist of grass of Parnassus (Parnassia glauca) was observed visiting its host plant in the town of Kent (Litchfield County) in 2020 on a dirt road along the western edge of the Housatonic River (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 184382498). In 2021, two males were collected along a forest edge in a calcareous inland wetland in a powerline ROW in Canaan (Litchfield County) during a targeted search for this species. Although grass of Parnassus was in peak bloom and the weather was optimal, no other individuals were seen during a two-hour search. In 2023, targeted searches for A. parnassiae in Connecticut by M. W. McCarthy and T. A. Zarrillo, in five different locations, yielded only a single female (see Figure 2, E). This species is documented in New Jersey, Vermont, North Carolina, Ontario, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York (near the Connecticut border in Dutchess County) by community scientists on iNaturalist. org, (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ i d = any & subview = table & taxon _ id = 198972), and there are recent records documented in Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) and Manitoba (Gibbs et al. 2023). Although A. parnassiae may be more widespread than previously reported, host plant abundance alone may not be a great predictor of bee occurrence (M. W. McCarthy, pers. comm.) or abundance (J. Gibbs, pers. comm.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFCFF86FF50585EFF50FE25.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Canaan: 41.98722 - 73.35138, 4 September 2021, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 2 ♂, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2021, netted from Parnassia sp., UCMS _ ENT 00077627, UCMS _ ENT 00077628; Sharon: 2023, coll. M. W. McCarthy, 1 ♀, Rutgers University, det. M. W. McCarthy 2023, netted from Parnassia glauca.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFDFF86FF505FFCFDBEFC04.taxon	description	Notes: There has been confusion between this species and the similar A. runcinatae due in part to the latter having been misclassified in subgenus Simandrena (see Hurd, 1979) leading to its omission from Donovan’s (1977) revision. Further taxonomic work on this pair is warranted, especially in the North Central States and Canada (Gibbs et al. 2017 a, 2023; Portman et al. 2023). In the Northeastern United States, only A. robervalensis should occur, as reflected in relevant source databases but not yet all downstream institutional databases and metadatabases (which may report specimens as A. runcinatae).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFDFF86FF505FFCFDBEFC04.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: New Canaan: 30 September 1956, coll. M. Statham, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher, AMNH _ BEE 00012674; New Haven Co.: North Branford: 18 September 2002, coll. V. A. Nelson, 1 ♀, YPM, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2023, YPM ENT 828805. Subgenus Conandrena Viereck	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFDFF86FF505D9DFDBDFA72.taxon	description	Notes: Andrena bradleyi is most often associated with blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) (LaBerge 1985; Wood & Roberts 2018) although regional experts agree that this species is not a narrow oligolege of Vaccinium (J. Milam & M. F. Veit pers. comm.). Michael F. Veit (pers. comm.) has found A. bradleyi to be more common on leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) than Vaccinium. In Connecticut, females and males have been observed visiting leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) and willow (Salix, two males only) as well as blueberry in habitats such as acidic bogs, swamps, littoral zones of ponds and lakes, blueberry patches, and pollinator gardens. Watson et al. (2023) recently reported a single female A. bradleyi collected on willow (Salix sp.) in Manitoba with a pollen load consisting of 95.84 % Salix pollen. This suggests that this bee species may be able to facultatively use pollen from another plant family when its preferred hosts are not available. Subgenus Gonandrena Viereck	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFDFF86FF505BA4FAB2F959.taxon	description	Notes: This Cornus (Cornaceae) specialist, which has a more southern range than some other Goandrena (LaBerge & Ribble 1972), has been found commonly throughout Connecticut in habitats such as small, diversified organic farms, powerline ROW, forested urban parks, inland wetlands, and sandplain remnants. In Massachusetts, J. Milam has reliably captured this species on dogwood (Cornus sp.) in western counties (pers. comm.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFDFFF9FF505941FBCEFE79.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist on Cornus (Cornaceae) (LaBerge & Ribble 1972; Wood & Roberts 2018) is not well known in Connecticut, having only five records from Fairfield County spanning 1904 – 1997, and one record from Hartford County collected in 2010. Growing numbers of community science observations of this readily identifiable species in Vermont suggest that targeted searches for it in Connecticut on its preferred host plants might be productive.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFFDFFF9FF505941FBCEFE79.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Brookfield: 26 May 1904, coll. W. E. Britton, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028186; New Canaan: 17 June 1956, coll. M. Statham, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. LaBerge, AMNH _ BEE 00008842; 5 May 1962, coll. M. Statham, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. W. E. LaBerge, AMNH _ BEE 00008843; 31 May 1968, coll. M. Favreau, 1 ♀, AMNH, det. W. E. LaBerge, AMNH _ BEE 00008841; Hartford Co.: Hartland: “ West Hartland, 0.7 km S jct. State Route 20 and West Street ”, 42.0015 - 72.97237, 26 May 2010, coll. C. T. Maier, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher, netted from Rubus allegheniensis, UCMS _ ENT 00082191.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF9FF505FA2FAF3FD0D.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist on Cornus (Cornaceae) (Hurd 1979) has a generally northern distribution and is known in Connecticut only from a Waterbury (New Haven County) record reported in LaBerge & Ribble (1972). Hardy et al. (2021) report this species is likely the least common of the four Cornus specialists in Vermont.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF9FF505C96FDB4FB33.taxon	description	Notes: There are only four specimen records for this specialist on Cornus (Cornaceae) (LaBerge & Ribble 1972) in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF9FF505C96FDB4FB33.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: New Canaan: 3 June 1968, coll. M. Favreau, 1 ♀, AMNH, det. W. E. LaBerge, AMNH _ BEE 00011834; 1 ♀, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2010, AMNH _ BEE 00108254; Tolland Co.: Mansfield: “ Storrs, Student Union ”, 2 July 1974, coll. G. I. Stage, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2021, UCMS _ ENT 00077629; “ near Chapins Pond ”, 6 July 1974, coll. G. I. Stage, 1 ♀, GSC, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00027924. Subgenera Iomelissa Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF9FF505AEBFDADFA29.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist on violet (Viola) pollen (LaBerge 1985) has been found in a variety of habitats in Connecticut, including agricultural land, orchards, beach dunes, coastal marsh, forests, and powerline ROW. Subgenera Larandrena LaBerge	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF9FF505BF2FD9AF9C2.taxon	description	Notes: This spring species persists commonly across Connecticut. Subgenera Leucandrena Hedicke	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF9FF5058D4FAD7F8D6.taxon	description	Notes: This Holarctic species (Falk & Lewington 2015; Westrich 2019) is known to visit rosaceous plants in Connecticut such as American gooseberry (Ribes oxyacanthoides), flowering plum (Prunus triloba), pear (Pyrus communis), peach (Prunus persica), European plum (Prunus domestica), and Chinese plum (Prunus salicina).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF8FF5059C8FC9AFE41.taxon	description	Notes: Hurd (1979) reports this spring species primarily collects pollen from trout-lily (Erythronium americanum), but it is known to use pollen from other taxa as well, such as Quercus, Taraxacum, Prunus, and Malus (Michener & Rettenmeyer 1956), and Smith et al. (2018) found the pollen loads of A. erythronii to be unusually diverse. LaBerge (1986 a) reports Andrena erythronii from Hartford, New Haven, and Tolland Counties. We have also found this species in Litchfield County at the southern edge of an agricultural field and approximately 60 m from the edge of a hardwood forest.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF82FFF8FF5059C8FC9AFE41.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Kent: “ Millstone Farm, 49 Beardsley Road ”, 41.69833 - 73.38722, 6 May 2013, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher, netted from Pyrus communis, UCMS _ ENT 00072057. Subgenus Melandrena Pérez (sensu Pisanty et al. 2022)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF83FFF8FF505C59FB28FC03.taxon	description	Notes: There are three records for this large spring bee in Connecticut in three different counties. Due to its relatively recent description, it was not reported by historical workers in the region.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF83FFF8FF505C59FB28FC03.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Danbury: “ I- 84, exit 2 ”, 41.39247 - 73.5271, 9 April 2005, coll. J. S. Ascher, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, netted from Salix sp., AMNH _ BEE 00064349; Hartford Co.: South Windsor: 41.84313503 - 72.54050636, 28 May 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♀, personal collection, det. M. F. Veit, powerline ROW; Middlesex Co: Westbrook: “ USFWS Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge, Salt Meadow Unit, 733 Old Clinton Road ”, 41.28694 - 72.47278, 29 May – 10 June 2013, coll. K. Vagos, 1 ♀, CAES, det. S. Droege 2017 and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00074991.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF83FFF8FF505D94FEFFFA86.taxon	description	Notes: This vernal species, known to be an important blueberry visitor (Boulanger et al. 1967; Bushman & Drummond 2015; Kloet 1976), is commonly found throughout Connecticut in diverse habitats including a coastal wildlife refuge, beach dunes, inland sandplain remnants, acidic bogs, hayfields and grassy meadows, pollinator and botanical gardens, agricultural fields and orchards, hardwood forests, and powerline ROW. A large number of Andrena (Melandrena) records on community science sites from Connecticut and nearby states likely pertain to this species but are often left unidentified due to potential confusion with A. regularis, a numerous species to the north of Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF83FFF8FF505B18FA29F98B.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been found in coastal locations in Connecticut, such as beach dunes and marshes, as well as inland urban environments, agricultural land, and arboretums. Most Massachusetts records are coastal, from Cape Cod and Plymouth County, with some southern records from inland locations (M. F. Veit pers. comm.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF83FFF8FF50580CFBBFF870.taxon	description	Notes: This southern species reaches its northern range limit in Connecticut, with only three records in two coastal counties.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF83FFF8FF50580CFBBFF870.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: New Canaan: 27 May 1962, coll. M. Statham, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. W. E. LaBerge, AMNH _ BEE 00020584; New London Co.: Montville: “ Route 163 ”, 41.495556, - 72.188611, 6 – 10 June 2005, coll. C. J. Daley, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2006, yellow bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00020584; New London: “ Connecticut College Arboretum, 270 Mohegan Avenue ”, 41.3797, - 72.10985, 4 – 11 June 2019, coll. T. A. Zarrillo & J. Durrell, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. Day 2019, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00082093.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF80FFFBFF505F4AFA85FE00.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: Hartford Co.: Hartford, 26 May 1895, S. N. Dunning (USNM). Notes: This common spring species has been found across Connecticut in habitats such as agricultural land, urban and suburban neighborhoods, pollinator gardens, an arboretum, and at the edge of an inland swamp.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF80FFFBFF505F9BFD5EFC42.taxon	description	Notes: First reported in Connecticut from Cockerell’s description of Andrena rhodura (Cockerell 1898 b), now a junior synonym. There are few records for this oligolege of willow (Salix) (Hurd 1979; Wood & Roberts 2018) in Connecticut, having only five records between 1904 and 1915, and then a gap of almost 90 years before this species was detected again on 24 April 2004 by J. S. Ascher in Bethel (Fairfield County) on willow (n = 17). The next detection of this species in Connecticut was a female singleton collected in Northford (New Haven County) on 12 May 2011 on wild mustard (Brassica rapa) during a study of alternative floral resources on diversified farms (Stoner 2013). More recently, this species was found in 2023 at Robbins Swamp Wildlife Management Area in Canaan (Litchfield County). This species is locally common on willow (Salix sp.) in Massachusetts (M. F. Veit pers. comm.) but may be declining in more southern sites.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF80FFFBFF505A54FAC6FAAA.taxon	description	Notes: This southern species was reported in Britton & Viereck (1906) [as “ A. hilaris? ”] and again in Viereck et al. (1916), but records published before the subgeneric revision (Bouseman & LaBerge 1978) are not reliable. The first verified record for the state we could locate is from 1962, determined by J. K. Bouseman. There are fifteen verified records for this species in Connecticut from ten distinct collecting events, all in coastal counties.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF80FFFBFF505B6CFADCF9CB.taxon	description	Notes: This northern species was first reported in Viereck et al. (1916). The first specimen vouchers we could locate were collected in 1976 on meadowsweet (Spiraea sp.) and maleberry (Lyonia sp.) in Stafford (Tolland County) by G. I. Stage. Connecticut is near the southern edge of this species’ range. Andrena nivalis is best known from inland and upland locations within the state except for two specimens collected at the Connecticut College Arboretum in coastal New London County in 2019, which is near the Thames River. It has been collected in habitats such as a forest meadow, powerline ROW, upland hardwood forest, agricultural land, and sandplain remnants.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF80FFFBFF5058CCFB74F816.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported in Viereck et al. (1916) [as Andrena perplexa viburnella Graenicher], but the historical voucher has not been located and there is the potential for confusion with several other Melandrena species e. g., A. barbara, and A. vicina. This species is widespread in Connecticut, being present in all but one county. Although not common, it is regularly collected in diverse habitats such as beach dunes, forest edges and openings, inland wetlands, powerline ROW, school grounds, grassy fields, and agricultural land.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFAFF505ED5FCF3FE6D.taxon	description	Notes: Despite the distinctive narrow foveae of females and conspicuous sternal hair tuft of males, Andrena pruni was overlooked in historical collections (Gibbs et al. 2017 a), and it may have been mistaken for A. dunningi by Viereck et al. (1916). Since Zarrillo et al. (2016), Tolland County has been added to its distribution. This species has been found in meadows, powerline ROW, agricultural land, beach dunes, hardwood forests, school grounds, an arboretum, suburban neighborhoods, and sandplain remnants. It has been collected regularly in Connecticut since 1962 and shows up in regional community science databases.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFAFF505FB5FD49FCA9.taxon	description	Notes: Historically, from 1904 to 1964, this species was detected only in New Haven County in southern coastal Connecticut, even though this species has a generally northern range (Bouseman & Laberge, 1978). However, in recent years all but two records in Connecticut come from the Lower Berkshire Hills, the Berkshire Transition, and the Western New England Marble Valleys in Litchfield County. This species has been found in habitats such as acidic and black spruce bogs in northern Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFAFF505D71FAE1FB6A.taxon	description	Notes: Correctly identified examples of this southern species (Bouseman & LaBerge 1978) are nearly absent from regional collections, so its recent detection as far north as Connecticut is surprising. A female was captured in a deciduous inland wetland. The specimen was carefully examined and determined by T. A. Zarrillo and M. F. Veit with reference to Bouseman & LaBerge (1978). This represents a large range extension for this species from the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic Regions into southern New England (there are no confirmed records from New York State).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFAFF505D71FAE1FB6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Stamford: “ Bartlett Arboretum ”, 41.13378 - 73.55256, 13 – 20 May 2019, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo & M. F. Veit 2021, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00776626.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFAFF505AACFDA4FA63.taxon	description	Notes: This common species has been found in habitats such as agricultural land, powerline ROW, inland wetlands, upland hardwood forests, acidic bogs, and coastal wetlands. Subgenus Micrandrena Ashmead	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFAFF505BBBFC42F8EA.taxon	description	Notes: First reported from Connecticut by Mitchell (1960), and not well known in the state.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFAFF505BBBFC42F8EA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: West Hartford: “ Hartford Reservoir Number 3 ”, 3 May 1967, coll. S. M. Fullerton, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00050268; Granby: 24 May 1973, coll. J. Blake, 2 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00050266, UCMS _ ENT 00050267; Tolland Co.: Mansfield: “ Chaffeeville ”, 25 April 1972, coll. J. G. Berardinelli, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00052414; “ Storrs ”, 12 May 1972, coll. J. G. Berardinelli, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00052415.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFDFF50592DFB9CFEC1.taxon	description	Notes: This small species of southern affinities is not well known in Connecticut, although it has been recently documented on Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts (Goldstein & Ascher 2016), Gardiners Island, New York, and New York State (Ascher et al. 2014). There are only two Connecticut records, both captured during a Bioblitz.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF81FFFDFF50592DFB9CFEC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: East Hartford: “ Rentschler Field ”, 4 June 2005, coll. J. S. Ascher, 2 ♂, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2010, AMNH _ BEE 00141274, AMNH _ BEE 00141275.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF86FFFDFF505CF2FBFCFC10.taxon	description	Notes: The presence of this species in Connecticut is recorded only in Mitchell (1960) without details. Further confirmation is desirable given the paucity of fully confirmed records north of southern Pennsylvania (Ribble 1968). We accept the record in Mitchell (1960), however, due to the existence of credible records for New York and Vermont, despite lack of Massachusetts records (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF86FFFDFF505D8AFEC9FAB0.taxon	description	Notes: This northern species is not well known from Connecticut, having only 16 records (including the record in Ribble 1968) and four known collection events in Bethel (Fairfield County, 9 April 2005, n = 1), Danbury (Fairfield County, 24 April 2004, n = 10), Windsor (Hartford County, 21 May 1934, n = 1), and West Hartford (Hartford County, 1 May 1967, n = 3). Ten of the sixteen records were netted from its pollen host willow (Salix sp.; Ribble 1968, see also Ostaff et al. 2015; Mosseler et al. 2020), and one specimen was collected from maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF86FFFDFF505BDFFE44F92E.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: Litchfield Co.: Colebrook, 31 May 1922, W. M. Wheeler (MCZ). Notes: At this time, we are considering only the specimens examined by Portman et al. (2020) at MCZ to be valid A. vernalis, due to the uncertain status of the remaining specimens at AMNH, UCMS, and CAES. Tracy A. Zarrillo examined the specimens at MCZ, UCMS, and CAES and was unable to distinguish this species from Andrena ziziae with confidence.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF86FFFDFF505FDAFE05FD28.taxon	description	Notes: Hartford is reported for this rare species as either a town or county in Ribble (1967), and this record may be the specimen that Ribble determined at SEMC, collected on 13 May 1894 (SEMC 396379; unverified by us by the time of publication). Andrena nigrae has been historically confused with Andrena illinoiensis (see Appendix 2) and Andrena salictaria.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF86FFFCFF5058F0FB44FF0A.taxon	description	Notes: At this time, we are considering only the specimens examined by Portman et al. (2020) at MCZ to be valid A. ziziae, in Connecticut due to the uncertain status of the remaining specimens at AMNH, UCMS, and CAES. T. A. Zarrillo examined the vouchers at MCZ, UCMS, and CAES and was unable to distinguish this species from Andrena vernalis with confidence. Subgenus Opandrena Robertson (reinstated as distinct from Holandrena by Pisanty et al. 2022)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF87FFFCFF505E8CFDA4FE64.taxon	description	Notes: This species is well known throughout Connecticut and has been collected in habitats such as agricultural land, powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, inland wetlands, state forests and parks, arboretums, urban / suburban neighborhoods, and a coastal wildlife refuge. Subgenus Parandrena Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF87FFFCFF505FBFFC76FCEE.taxon	description	Notes: This species is reportedly a willow specialist (LaBerge & Ribble 1972) and is known to visit sandbar willows very locally at Ithaca, New York, where it is scarce. There are only two records of this species in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF87FFFCFF505FBFFC76FCEE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Tolland Co.: Coventry: “ near Eagleville Dam ”, 25 April 1972, coll. M. M. Primiani, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2013, UCMS _ ENT 00055442; Mansfield: “ Chaffeeville ”, 25 April 1972, coll. J. G. Berardinelli, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2013, UCMS _ ENT 00055441.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF87FFFCFF505D31FDAFFAE2.taxon	description	Notes: There are twenty records for this willow specialist (Wood & Roberts 2018) in Connecticut. Five specimens were collected between 1915 and 1916 by H. L. Johnson in “ South ” Meriden (New Haven County), and then 56 years later this species was detected again on 25 – 27 April 1972 (n = 12) in Coventry (Tolland County) and Mansfield (Tolland County). Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]) reported this species to be associated with interior sandplains and former gravel / sand pits in Massachusetts. Connecticut locality information is imprecise, with general references made to inland wetlands, such as “ near Chapins Pond ” (Mansfield) or “ near Eagleville Dam ” (Coventry). The two latest records collected by C. T. Maier on 21 April 1997 and 31 March 1998 were taken in a “ heavily disturbed (ATV’s) sandy area ” (C. T. Maier pers. comm.) in “ North Haven 0.5 km NNW of interchange 12 (US Highway 5) on Interstate 91 ”, which is in New Haven County. Subgenus Plastandrena Hedicke	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF87FFFCFF505B34FCECF93F.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been found in diverse habitats throughout Connecticut, such as acidic bogs, agricultural fields and orchards, state forests and parks, marsh, beach dunes, a coastal wildlife preserve, and school grounds. Subgenus Ptilandrena Robertson (sensu Pisanty et al. 2022)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF87FFFCFF5058E7FACFF878.taxon	description	Notes: There are only ten specimen records for this northern species in Connecticut, seven being captured before the year 2000. The two most recent specimens are males that were collected on pussy willow (Salix discolor) in Sharon (Litchfield County) by C. T. Maier on 16 April 2009 near an orchard and berry farm. Other records were collected near an inland lake, at an exit ramp off a major interstate highway, and a forested state park. This species may be more common as a willow visitor to the north of Connecticut (Mosseler et al. 2020; Ostaff et al. 2015).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFFFF505ED5FC0FFEFD.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist on wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) (Wood & Roberts 2018) has been collected locally along forest margins in Connecticut where its host plant occurs.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFFFF505F25FB58FDAD.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist of spring beauty (Claytonia virginica) (Hurd 1979; LaBerge 1986 b; Wood & Roberts 2018) has been collected locally in forested landscapes in Connecticut where its host plant occurs.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFFFF505C75FDA6FCC4.taxon	description	Notes: In addition to the voucher noted below, this northern species was reported from Connecticut by Mitchell (1960) and LaBerge & Ribble (1975).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFFFF505C75FDA6FCC4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Barkhamsted: “ Peoples Forest, Beaver Brook Rd. ”, 16 May 1966, coll. S. M. Fullerton, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00049850. Subgenus Rhacandrena LaBerge	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFFFF505DDFFBAEFB03.taxon	description	Notes: Two female specimens collected by H. L. Viereck in Putnam (Windham County) on 12 July 1905 and determined historically as Andrena robertsoni were re-examined by J. S. Ascher in 2008 and found to be the very similar A. brevipalpis Cockerell. In Connecticut, Andrena brevipalpis has been collected in powerline ROW, Housatonic State Forest, and a coastal wildlife management area (Barn Island Wildlife Management Area), which contains one of Connecticut’s largest remaining unfragmented maritime forests.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFFFF505A9BFD9EF995.taxon	description	Notes: Although Andrena robertsonii Dalla Torre was reported in Viereck et al. (1916), the collection information cited matches exactly the collection information on the two specimens reidentified as A. brevipalpis from 1905, as noted above. However, true Andrena robertsonii identified with reference to LaBerge (1977) have been collected in habitats such as sandplain remnants, state forests, wildlife management areas, agricultural land, and a quarry. Subgenus Scaphandrena Lanham	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFFFF50580DFBE7F83A.taxon	description	Notes: This species with an affinity for Brassicaceae (Hurd 1979; Wood & Roberts 2018) has been collected in Connecticut from exotic weeds such as hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) and yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris), and from intentionally planted mizuna (Brassica rapa). It has been found on agricultural land, school grounds, and in suburban settings with forest remnants. Subgenus Scrapteropsis Viereck (likely non-monophyletic; see Pisanty et al. 2022)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF84FFFEFF5059DCFC12FF6F.taxon	description	Notes: This species is widespread in Connecticut and has been found on agricultural land, powerline ROW, and state forests. It can be abundant in regional forests in early spring.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF85FFFEFF505B61FC7AF985.taxon	description	Notes: This species and perhaps others in “ The alleghaniensis group ” (LaBerge 1971) may need to be removed from subgenus Scrapteropsis based on its position in a recent phylogenetic analysis closer to subgenus Rhapandrena than to the type species of Scrapteropsis and of its subjective synonym Mimandrena (Pisanty et al. 2022). Andrena alleghaniensis has been found on school grounds, agricultural land, sandplain remnants, urban areas, an arboretum, and along the coast at state beaches in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF85FFFEFF505EB0FE12FD44.taxon	description	Notes: LaBerge (1971) reported a single female collected on 26 May 1894 at the Hatch Experiment Station in Connecticut (likely referring to the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station in New Haven County, as the facility in Tolland County was called the Storrs Agricultural College at that time), the basis for our listing of New Haven as a probable county for this species. The only other records of this species in Connecticut are reported in Wagner e t al. (2019) from powerline ROW in Ellington (Tolland County) and South Windsor (Hartford County). This Kalmia specialist (LaBerge 1986 b) has never been reported from New York State. It seems to be a regional specialty mostly or entirely restricted to New England and eastern Canada.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF85FFFEFF505EB0FE12FD44.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: South Windsor: 41.871 - 72.519, 28 May 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♂, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, UCMS _ ENT 00082289; Tolland Co.: Ellington: 41.908 - 72.508, 15 June 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♀, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, UCMS _ ENT 00082288.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF85FFFEFF505D5EFC93FABE.taxon	description	Notes: Mitchell (1960) records this species for Connecticut, however confusion with Andrena imitatrix, Andrena ilicis, and Andrena fennigeri Viereck may contribute to the scarcity of Connecticut records. The first verified record we could locate was a female collected during a BioBlitz. There have been only two other detections of A. morrisonella in Connecticut since.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF85FFFEFF505D5EFC93FABE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Danbury: “ Tarrywile Park ”, 41.37972 - 73.45527, 9 June 2001, coll. “ Hymenoptera Team ”, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00034950; Hartford Co.: Simsbury: “ Simsbury Airport, Sand-plain ”, 41.91482 - 72.774, 3 July 2003, coll. J. L. Smith, sex unverified, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00027405; Middlesex Co.: Westbrook: “ USFWS Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge, Salt Meadow Unit, 733 Old Clinton Road ”, 41.28708 - 72.47288, 23 May – 13 June 2012, coll. K. Vagos, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2013, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00052634.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF85FFF1FF50581DFE53FF0A.taxon	description	Notes: A single specimen of this southern species was collected 13 Jun 2009 by M. F. Veit at Keney Park in East Hartford (Hartford County) during Hartford’s first BioBlitz event. Despite its close resemblance to A. imitatrix and its inclusion as a divergent member of “ The imitatrix group ” within the subgenus by LaBerge (1961) this species may need to be removed from subgenus Scrapteropsis based on its position in a recent phylogenetic analysis closer to the seemingly different subgenera Onagrandrena and Diandrena than to the type species of Scrapteropsis and of its subjective synonym Mimandrena (Pisanty et al. 2022). Subgenus Simandrena Pérez	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8AFFF1FF505E8CFEBDFD81.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in many diverse habitats throughout Connecticut such as agricultural land, meadows, quarries, coastal wetlands, powerline ROW, forest edges, forest meadows, and sandplain remnants.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8AFFF1FF505C19FDA0FC9A.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported to occur in the northwest hills of Connecticut by LaBerge (1989). Subgenus Taeniandrena Hedicke	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8AFFF1FF505D7CFDADFAB2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. USA Male: Connecticut: New Haven Co.: Branford, 22 July 1905 (22 May 1905), H. W. Winkley (USNM). Notes: This ubiquitous ground-nesting species of Palearctic origin is found throughout Connecticut in habitats such as powerline ROW, a hayfield, a marsh, agricultural land, forest edges, inland dunes, state forests, urban and suburban land, school grounds, and sandy areas. It is the Andrena commonly found visiting Fabaceae in summer in the Eastern United States. Subgenus Thysandrena Lanham	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8AFFF1FF505B64FEBDF99A.taxon	description	Notes: This willow specialist was the third most common species of Andrena foraging on willow (Salix) catkins in Mosseler et al. (2020), and it has been collected in Connecticut on its host plant. Most specimen records for this species in Connecticut (84 %) were taken between 1958 and 1975, with four known records between 2004 and 2013.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8AFFF1FF50587CFD81F8C8.taxon	description	Notes: Most records for this species (92 %) were collected between 1964 and 1972, including one record from a feldspar quarry in the town of Portland (Middlesex County). This species was detected again in 1981 by C. T. Maier, likely in the sandplain remnant in “ North Haven ” (New Haven County), and in 2006 in a powerline ROW. These habitats differ from the boreal forest association described for this species in LaBerge (1986 b). Subgenus Trachandrena Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8AFFF0FF5059D3FAAFFE5D.taxon	description	Notes: This species is associated with sandplain habitats (Goldstein & Ascher 2016), and is known in Connecticut from only five records, four of which were collected in powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8AFFF0FF5059D3FAAFFE5D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: Simsbury: “ Stratton Br. Park ”, 17 May 1961, coll. J. F. Lienesch, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2011, UCMS _ ENT 00041193; New London Co.: Bozrah: “ South Rd. ”, 41.52768 - 72.17976, 12 June 2006, coll. N. Bricker & J. Watson, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2007, UCMS _ ENT 00020564; Montville: “ Fire St. ”, 41.436 - 72.164, 14 June 2006, coll. N. Bricker & J. Watson, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2006, UCMS _ ENT 00020815; Tolland Co.: Ellington: 41.943434 - 72.489386, 1 June 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♂, personal collection, det. M. F. Veit; Windham Co.: Killingly: “ Louisa Viens Dr. (Rd.) ”, 41.86944 - 71.90527, 12 May 2011, coll. D. Wagner, B. Gagliardi & A. Rodd, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00050603.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8BFFF0FF505C46FD28FD0C.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been observed in Connecticut in habitats such as powerline ROW, forest edges, meadows, agricultural land, and coastal sites.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8BFFF0FF505C96FE12FB96.taxon	description	Notes: This southern species has a strictly coastal distribution in southern New England and there are only two records for this species in Connecticut, both in coastal counties.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8BFFF0FF505C96FE12FB96.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: Guilford: 41.2889 - 72.6822, 4 May 2003, coll. J. S. Ascher, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2012, AMNH _ BEE 00233765; New London Co.: Waterford: “ Douglas St., grassland B. ”, 41.39282 - 72.15613, 10 – 13 May 2007, coll. N. K. Bricker et al., 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2009, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00025688.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8BFFF0FF505A09FA26FB6D.taxon	description	Notes: In Connecticut this species has been collected on agricultural land, beach dunes, and school grounds.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8BFFF0FF505AB5FB62FA1D.taxon	description	Notes: This northern species was well known in Litchfield County historically (1905 - 1926) but is rarely detected now. The most recent record was one collected on 25 July 2006 in New London County.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8BFFF0FF505B85FCEAF8BD.taxon	description	Notes: Detections of this southern species in Connecticut have been increasing since it was first discovered in the state in 1962. Notably, since 2005 this species has been collected or observed at least once in all years except 2014, 2015, and 2019. It has been found in sandplains, agricultural land, state parks and forests, and powerline ROW. This distinctive bee seems to be expanding its range regionally as it was historically undetected from the Finger Lakes Region but has been reported there recently (see White et al. 2022) and there are several iNaturalist records (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 160991248).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8BFFF3FF505965FE2DFDDB.taxon	description	Notes: Viereck et al. (1916) reported this species as having a probable presence in Connecticut, and Mitchell (1960) reported its presence in Connecticut without details, perhaps just following Viereck’s report. Three females of this uncommon species were captured on 1 July 2019 on the flowers of Castanea spp. at the CAES experimental farm in Hamden (New Haven County) in a chestnut orchard whose trees date back to 1939. Subsequent searches in 2021 in the same location have detected more individuals (T. A. Zarrillo unpublished) in June and July. A single female was also detected in Old Lyme (New London County) at the Roger Tory Peterson Estuary Center in 2021. LaBerge (1973) states that this species has been collected most frequently from the flowers of Ceanothus sp., but Castanea pumila is also listed as a floral record. In Connecticut, Andrena rehni visits the blossoms of both chestnut and chinquapin: C. pumila, C. ozarkensis, C. dentata, C. henryi, C. mollissima, C. sativa, C. crenata, C. dentata x (C. pumila x C. crenata), and C. seguinii x C. seguinii. The distribution and host specific information for this historically under-recorded bee species is currently under investigation regionally. There is an unverified historical record in BISON from 21 April 1895 deposited at the Snow Entomological Museum Collection. However, Mitchell (1960) reported the flight period for this species to be May through July, and the bloom period in Connecticut for Castanea and Ceanothus occurs in June and July. Therefore, we are excluding this phenologically anomalous record until it can be verified.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF88FFF3FF505C3CFD5EFC8B.taxon	description	Notes: This early spring bee has been found across Connecticut in habitats such as powerline ROW, agricultural land, meadows, and upland state forests.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF88FFF3FF505D0CFE99FBBB.taxon	description	Notes: Known habitats in Connecticut for this species include a marsh, powerline ROW, an urban park, and a forest.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF88FFF3FF505A5CFD70FADB.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported in Viereck et al. (1916) from the village of “ Mount Carmel ” in Hamden (New Haven County) on 23 June 1902 and has since been detected in all counties except Windham. It has been found in an urban park, powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, coastal wildlife refuge, and a forest adjacent to a lake. While A. spiraeana is polylectic (Wood & Roberts 2018), LaBerge (1973) states this species seems to prefer flowers with small white or yellow clusters, and in Connecticut it has been collected from black cherry (Prunus serotina), meadowsweet (Spiraea sp.) and sumac (Rhus sp.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF88FFF3FF505B3CFE32F96C.taxon	description	Notes: This summer flying species was reported in Viereck et al. (1916) [as Andrena obscura Robertson] from Colebrook (Litchfield County) on 21 July 1905. Of note, 81 % (n = 39) of all known specimen records (n = 48) for this species were collected in 2006 in a powerline ROW by N. Bricker and J. Watson in Bozrah (New London County). The four most recent records, captured by M. F. Veit in 2017, were also collected in a powerline ROW on meadowsweet (Spiraea sp.). Subgenus Uncertain	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF88FFF3FF5058B6FD47F854.taxon	description	Notes: Two additional females of this species have been captured since Zarrillo et al. (2016) in bee bowls placed in a planting of large-flowered bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) at the Connecticut College Arboretum in New London (New London County) between 14 – 21 May 2019. This species was placed in the subgenus Derandrena prior to phylogenetic analyses by Pisanty et al. (2022).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF505FA4FE69FD17.taxon	description	Reference: Bossert et al. (2022); Mitchell (1960); Ramos et al. (2022); Shinn (1967) Subgenus Calliopsis Smith	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF505ED5FD53FE35.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported in Britton (1920) as occurring in Connecticut, and later reported for the state in Ribble (1967). We have not located any of the historical specimens, nor have we collected this species in recent surveys. Like A. uvulariae, this species has been removed from the subgenus Derandrena which is now restricted to California, Oregon, and Baja California.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF505B98FD0EF9D2.taxon	description	Reference: Mitchell (1960); Ramos et al. (2022)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF505C8FFDC6FC61.taxon	description	Notes: This widespread species is common in Connecticut and is often associated with Fabaceae (Dyer & Shinn 1978). Calliopsis andreniformis has been found in habitats such as grasslands, powerline ROW, sand quarries, school grounds, and agricultural land. Subgenus Verbenapis Cockerell & Atkins	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF505DB9FD46FA06.taxon	description	Notes: There are two records for this regionally rare species in Connecticut. The male collected in Barkhamsted (Litchfield County) was re-examined by G. Diehl at UCFC in 2021 for this checklist. Another male was collected in a wet meadow during a survey of old fields in Connecticut (Urban-Mead 2017). Calliopsis nebraskensis has been found in the past very locally in northern New Jersey as well but is otherwise unknown in the Northeastern United States. It is more widespread in the Midwest east to Indiana.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF505DB9FD46FA06.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Barkhamsted: “ Pleasant Valley ”, 17 July 1966, coll. S. M. Fullerton, 1 ♂, UCFC, det. G. Diehl 2021, UCFC 0 287 977; Windham Co.: Pomfret: “ Pomfret Center, nr. Mashmoquet Brook ”, 41.85641 - 71.9448, 15 July 2013, coll. K. Urban-Mead, 1 ♂, YPM, det. S. Droege and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022 netted from Verbena hastata, YPM ENT 809277.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF5058C4FD7AF82C.taxon	description	Notes: This regionally scarce, small, spring bee is a specialist on cinquefoil (Potentilla spp.) (Hurd 1979). This species reaches its northern range limit in Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF89FFF2FF5058C4FD7AF82C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: Granby: “ Gross’ Meadow ”, 21 May 1962, coll. J. F. Lienesch, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00032431.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8EFFF5FF595843FBCFF937.taxon	description	Reference: Bossert et al. (2022); Mitchell (1960); Ramos et al. (2022); Robinson (2023)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8EFFF5FF505ED5FE4EFE3A.taxon	description	Reference: Bossert et al. (2022); Cane (1989); Mitchell (1960); Ramos et al. (2022); Timberlake (1954, 1956, 1958, 1960) Subgenus Alloperdita Viereck	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8EFFF5FF505FDCFE87FC93.taxon	description	Notes: This rare species has been collected in only three locations in Connecticut, two of which are known for their conservation value as remnant sandplains e. g., Matianuck Sand Dunes Natural Area Preserve, Windsor (Hartford County) and “ Cytech Corp. Toelles Road ”, Wallingford (New Haven County). The former location is recognized as a unique ecological community and is managed by The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, and the latter is privately owned land. The third location is in South Windsor (Hartford County) from at or possibly just southwest of a large sandy area. All but one specimen (n = 12) was collected between 5 – 9 June 2000 by A. Dorval, D. Marti, and M. Wall. The other was collected on 6 June 2001 by J. Smith and C. Bursey.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8EFFF5FF505AA4FC95FA5B.taxon	description	Notes: Perdita octomaculata is by far the most encountered Perdita species in Connecticut. The first records for Connecticut were reported in Viereck et al. (1916) on goldenrod (Solidago s. l.) and asters (Asteraceae). This common species has been found on goldenrod in sandy locations throughout Connecticut such as inland and coastal dunes and agricultural land with a sand component.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8EFFF5FF505DF8FE0FFB72.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist on maleberry (Lyonia lingustrina) was collected from its host plant in Connecticut, with most records (n = 29) spanning 3 – 30 July in 1976, all captured by G. I. Stage in Stafford (Tolland County). Subgenus Perdita Smith	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8EFFF5FF5058E8FB51F81F.taxon	description	Notes: This late season Asteraceae specialist (Sheffield et al. 2014) was first detected in Connecticut by W. E. Britton in the town of Stafford (Tolland County) on 24 August 1905 (n = 22) on goldenrod (Solidago s. l.). This species was found again in Connecticut in Canaan (Litchfield County) on 29 August 1966 by S. M. Fullerton (n = 3), and on 19 August 2007 by L. Saucier and A. Bouchard at the edge of a northern swamp (n = 1).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8FFFF4FF505B85FE75F936.taxon	description	Reference: Brooks (1983); Mitchell (1962) Subgenus Clisodon Patton	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8FFFF4FF505ED5FC5EFEFD.taxon	description	Notes: This small, late summer flyer has been found on goldenrod (Solidago s. l.) in Connecticut in powerline ROW, agricultural land, a coastal wildlife refuge, and a meadow.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8FFFF4FF505F25FB62FC8A.taxon	description	Notes: This regionally-scarce species has a southern distribution in New England and was recently found on Gardiners Island (Suffolk County) New York (Ascher et al. 2014). Protandrena (Pterosarus) labrosa (Robertson, 1895) Margined Bare-Miner Notes: This uncommon species was detected historically in Connecticut in 1967 (n = 12), all specimens collected by M. Favreau in New Canaan (Fairfield County). Protandrena labrosa was rediscovered in Connecticut in Southbury (New Haven County) in August 2023 by M. W. McCarthy (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 179634560) and D. Cappaert (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 177087456).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8FFFF4FF505D0DFEB9FAD7.taxon	description	Notes: The two known records for this uncommon species in Connecticut are specimens collected in New Haven County in 1902 and 1905, reported in Viereck et al. (1916) [as Pseudopanurgus parvus Robertson]. One of the two was collected from its associated host plant, New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus), a plant associated with xeric, open, sandy, or rocky habitats such as pitch pine-scrub oak barrens and sandplain communities (Wagner et al. 2003). A female was recently collected on New Jersey tea in Massachusetts (Franklin County) on 3 July 2022 by J. Milam in the Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area, which is a restored xeric barren (J. Milam pers. comm). This is the first sighting of P. pauper in New England and vicinity since <1932 (Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8FFFF4FF505D0DFEB9FAD7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: 4 July 1905, coll. H. L. Viereck, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, collected from Ceanothus sp., UCMS _ ENT 00028194; Hamden: “ Mount Carmel ”, coll. E. J. S. Moore, 1 ♂, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028193. APIDAE	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8FFFF7FF5058E8FD8AFF0A.taxon	description	Notes: This species, which excavates nests in rotting wood, is well represented throughout Connecticut and has been found in habitats such as powerline ROW, agricultural land, upland forests, sandplain remnants, edges of inland wetlands, meadows, and forest fragments in rural neighborhoods. Subgenus Lophanthophora Brooks	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8CFFF7FF505E8CFE5AFD81.taxon	description	Notes: There is only one record for this species in Connecticut. It is generally very rare in the region if not extirpated and there are no recent reports from the few historical sites such as the Albany Pine Barrens in New York (J. S. Ascher, pers. obs.) or Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8CFFF7FF505E8CFE5AFD81.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: 15 May 1910, coll. A. B. Champlain, 1 ♂, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00031233. Subgenus Melea Sandhouse	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8CFFF7FF505C19FD64FC0A.taxon	description	Notes: This species is historically known in Connecticut from Meriden (New Haven County) and New Haven (New Haven County). It is widespread in the Eastern United States but there are few recent records from northeast of New Jersey.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8CFFF7FF505C19FD64FC0A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: 24 June 1911, coll. A. B. Champlain, 1 ♂, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028384; Meriden: “ South Meriden ”, 19 April 1911, coll. H. Johnson, 1 ♀, AMNH, det. R. W. Brooks, AMNH _ BEE 00067908.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8CFFF7FF505D8CFE73FACE.taxon	description	Notes: This species was recently discovered in Connecticut in a pollinator habitat restoration in the northwest hills of the state. The female was collected along the edge of the meadow near the Hollenbeck River.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8CFFF7FF505D8CFE73FACE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Canaan: Robbins Swamp Wildlife Management Area, 41.97255 - 73.35354, 5 - 6 July 2023, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2023, captured in white bee bowl, CAES _ HYM 00019130. Genus Habropoda Smith Reference: Mitchell (1962)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8CFFF7FF505BD1FE8AF812.taxon	description	Notes: Although uncommon in Connecticut, this species persists in a sandplain remnant in the Connecticut River Valley. The first known record of this species in Connecticut was a male collected in 1902 in New Haven (New Haven County) [determined as Emphoropsis floridana (Smith)] and was noted in Viereck et al. (1916) [as Anthophora floridana Smith]. Females nest in sand to loamy sands (Cane 1994), and strongly prefer Vaccinium (Ericaceae) pollen (Cane & Payne 1988), although recent work has shown that this species can use other pollen sources (S. Droege pers. comm.). More recently females of this species were collected or observed in 2009, 2017, 2020, and 2022 near or in the Matianuck Sand Dunes Natural Area Preserve (Hartford County), and a male of this species was collected in 2014 on the inflorescence of Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) in the same general location. This species’ scarcity in Connecticut may be due to the loss of its required sandplain nesting habitat (Woodside 2016). Despite recent survey work in other remnant sandplains across Connecticut, H. laboriosa has not been detected in any location other than Matianuck Sand Dunes Natural Area Preserve. (T. A. Zarrillo unpublished).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8DFFF6FF505F01FED4FCC5.taxon	description	Notes: This exotic, managed species is widespread and abundant in Connecticut. CAES has had an important role in beekeeping in Connecticut since the early 1900 s. Apiary inspections for European foulbrood and American foulbrood have been required by state legislation and conducted by the staff of CAES, under the supervision of the State Entomologist since 1910. Additionally, beekeepers have been required to register with their towns since 1919 (Stafford et al. unpublished). Apiary inspection for pests, parasites, and pathogens of honey bees and registration of hives continue to the present (https: // portal. ct. gov / CAES / Bee-Information / Bee-Information / Laws-Pertainingto-Honey-Bees-in-Connecticut). An early educational publication on beekeeping for Connecticut described the Langstroth hive and other beekeeping equipment as well as the diseases of bees and the apiary inspection program and indicated that several different races within the species were already present within the state (Yates 1918). More recent research on A. mellifera at CAES has included genetic analysis of genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood disease (Dingman 2015), and the analysis of pesticide residues in dead honey bees and brood comb (Anderson & Wojtas 1986), or in pollen collected by honey bees (Stoner & Eitzer 2013, Stoner et al. 2019).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8DFFF6FF505AE4FC36F98A.taxon	description	Notes: This species is rarely detected in Connecticut, having only three historical female records (two from 1919 and one from 1905), and three sightings on iNaturalist in 2021 (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = map & taxon _ id = 198856) (see also Figure 2, C). The 1905 specimen was netted from lilac (Syringa sp.), and the 2021 observations were visiting wild bergamot (Monarda spp.). The most recent sightings were in the towns of Milford (New Haven County) in a pollinator garden at The Connecticut Audubon Society Coastal Center at Milford Point near suburban coastal developments, Portland (Middlesex County) in a suburban flower garden largely composed of various Monarda spp. and anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum), and Vernon (Tolland County) in a wildflower meadow in the Belding Wildlife Management Area.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8DFFE9FF50580CFD2DFEDF.taxon	description	Notes: This once-familiar species, now listed as “ Federally Endangered ” in the United States (United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2017) and “ Special Concern ” in Connecticut (Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 2015 b), is evidently extirpated from the state. The last known specimen was a female collected between 3 – 5 June 1997 in the town of Guilford (New Haven County) by C. T. Maier. Host records for Connecticut include greater burdock (Actium lappa), summersweet (Clethra alnifolia), quince (Cydonia sp.), golden currant (Ribes auruem), white clover (Trifolium repens), apple (Malus spp.) and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), in habitats such as agricultural land, school grounds, a red maple swamp, and among ericaceous shrubs in an acidic bog with red spruce (Picea rubens). Wagner et al. (2014 a, 2019) reported the absence of B. affinis in their studies of ROW in Connecticut, and CAES wild bee surveys conducted from 2010 – 2021 throughout Connecticut (unpublished), and the lack of records on community science portals from Connecticut and vicinity (see Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) reaffirm its absence in the state. Its distinct coloration make it a likely candidate to be detected if it reappears here, as an increasing number of community science “ bee watchers ” on biodiversity portals such as iNaturalist and BugGuide routinely report it from where it persists such as the Upper Midwest and more locally in West Virginia and western Virginia.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF8DFFF6FF505DDDFE41FB32.taxon	description	Reference: Koch et al. (2018); Laverty & Harder (1988); Lhomme et al. (2021); Milliron (1971, 1973 a, 1973 b); Mitchell (1962); Williams et al. (2008, 2014) Subgenus Bombias Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF92FFE9FF505FC0FD97FB68.taxon	description	Notes: This North American species has been listed as Vulnerable on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List (Hatfield et al. 2015 a) and is listed as “ Threatened ” in Connecticut (Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 2015 b). It has suffered an average decline of 49.94 % (including relative abundance, range, and persistence) across its entire range (Hatfield et al. 2015 a). This species has been recorded historically from six of Connecticut’s eight counties and was once common across most of the Northeast and Upper Midwest of the United States. Two Connecticut records were documented in Viereck et al. (1916) from Branford (New Haven County) and Colebrook (Litchfield County), and another record from 1904 was found at AMNH by the authors (a female collected in Litchfield (Litchfield County) on 26 August 1904). Since Zarrillo et al. (2016), 20 more individuals have been captured and 10 individuals have been observed on iNaturalist in the highlands of Litchfield County. Since the first recent detection in 2018 in the town of Canaan (Litchfield County), 29 individuals have been recorded in six neighboring towns. In 2023, Bombus terricola was observed in the town of Litchfield by K. Testerman on iNaturalist, which is the southernmost record in recent years for the state (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 170866067). In Connecticut this species has been found in inland wetlands such as Beckley Bog and Bingham Pond (Litchfield County), shrubby meadows, roadside stands of flowers, ROW, and forested habitats. Floral records from Connecticut include Bishop’s goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria), pussy willow (Salix discolor), European linden (Tilia cf. europaea), summersweet (Clethra alnifolia), anise-scented goldenrod (S olidago odora), goldenrod (Solidago s. l.), king of the meadow (Thalictrum pubescens), white meadowsweet (Spiraea alba), annual fleabane (Erigeron annus), common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and wild bergamot (Monarda sp.). Subgenus Cullumanobombus Vogt	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF92FFE9FF505AB2FE45F999.taxon	description	Notes: This species is widespread and common throughout Connecticut, found in pollinator gardens, agricultural land, powerline ROW, grasslands, dunes, and coastal scrub. This species was found in 23 Connecticut towns before the year 2000 and 80 towns after the year 2000, with 43 of the additional towns from observations on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 120215). Subgenus Psithyrus Lepeletier	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF92FFE9FF505801FE22F855.taxon	description	Notes: This species is listed in Connecticut as “ Special Concern ” (Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 2015 b) and is of great conservation interest, as there are few recent records of this social parasite in the Northeastern United States (Dibble et al. 2017; Richardson et al. 2018; Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) and no recent records in Connecticut (last recorded in 1992). Records for this species in Connecticut are limited, having only nine occurrences in five towns, seven of which were before the year 1925. Williams et al. (2014) stated in a popular identification guide that Bombus ashtoni and Bombus bohemicus “ appear to be parts of the same species ” so these may comprise a single, widespread, naturally Holarctic species. This synonymy has been accepted or at least noted in subsequent sources, but some authorities prefer to await more rigorous documentation of this synonymy in the technical literature.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF93FFE8FF505ED5FDA7FDDD.taxon	description	Notes: The junior synonym Apathus contiguous Cresson, 1863, was described in part from a Connecticut syntype but a male from Delaware was designated as lectotype by the author (Cresson, 1916). This social parasite’s preliminary IUCN category is “ Least Concern ” (Hatfield et al. 2014), however its status in Connecticut is uncertain. The most recent sighting is a single iNaturalist observation on 14 August 2020 at the Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in the town of Westbrook (Middlesex County). This location has contributed bee records to the statewide wild bee monitoring program since 2011, yet this species has not been collected on premises during seasonal bee bowl trapping activities. Prior to this sighting, this species had not been detected in the state since 2010 despite the persistence of two of its hosts, Bombus impatiens and Bombus vagans (Hurd 1979) and its routine occurrence in New York State including New York City (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 48 & s ubview = table & taxon _ id = 198859).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF93FFE8FF505CC5FD89FB62.taxon	description	Notes: This regionally uncommon cleptoparasite of Pyrobombus (Lhomme et al. 2021; Williams et al. 2014), previously known as B. fernaldae and historically as Psithyrus fernaldae, has only been collected in Litchfield County in Connecticut, although its hosts are commonly detected throughout the state in many diverse habitats. There are historical records from 1911, 1912, and 1913, and then a 72 - year gap before this species was detected again in 1985. This species has been detected most recently in survey work in locations where B. terricola has also been collected. Males have been found visiting white sweet clover (Melilotus albus), black knapweed (Centaurea nigra), and common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in habitats such as powerline ROW within a state forest and open meadows near forest edges. The range of this species seems to be increasing in Connecticut (being detected in only two towns prior to 2000, and five towns since 2010) and regionally, as evidenced by an increase in iNaturalist records throughout New England, including New York (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 48 & su bview = table & taxon _ id = 541839) and Vermont (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 47 & subview = ta ble & taxon _ id = 541839). Subgenus Pyrobombus Dalla Torre	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF93FFEBFF505889FE9DFEFB.taxon	description	Notes: Consistent with its common name, Bombus impatiens is one of the most abundant bumble bee species in Connecticut and has the most records of all bee species observed in Connecticut on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 630955 & view = species). This pivotal pollinator of many agricultural crops (Kleijn et al. 2015) is likely under-represented in museum collections and / or databases relative to its true abundance because it is so ubiquitous (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019), rendering community science observations on digital biodiversity portals an additional tool for documenting its prevalence. Bombus impatiens was the most abundant pollinator on vegetable farms in Connecticut (Stoner, 2013), with 2,445 individuals found visiting alternative floral resources. Stoner (2020) also reported 9,115 individuals visiting pumpkin and squash flowers over the years of the study, making it the most abundant pollinator of pumpkins and squash in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF93FFE8FF505B29FDDCF911.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut: E. Norton (cited as “ probably lost ” by Cresson, 1916). Notes: Bombus bimaculatus is one of the earliest bumble bee species to emerge in the spring in Connecticut and is found commonly throughout the state in many diverse environments such as sandplains, agricultural land, meadows, quarries, marsh, bogs, a coastal wildlife refuge, beach dunes, powerline ROW, and forests. The Connecticut type is evidently missing from ANSP and is presumed lost. It has been replaced with a male neotype from Massachusetts deposited at USNM (https: // collections. nmnh. si. edu / search / ento /? ark = ark: / 65665 / 35 bb 9 c 5 e 93 a 894307 bed 74 ac 350 d 6 d 3 f 3).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF90FFEBFF505F90FEF3FC7D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut: E. Norton (lost?). Notes: The Connecticut type is evidently missing from the ANSP and presumed lost. It has been replaced with a neotype from Massachusetts deposited at USNM (http: // n 2 t. net / ark: / 65665 / 3 fd 2779 fe-c 0 c 3 - 4156 - 9 bcac 7 b 6 c 761 b 6 b 9). This common species has been collected in many diverse habitats across Connecticut, such as urban parks and gardens, sandplain remnants, meadows, bogs, swamps, coastal scrub, powerline ROW, grassy fields, and forests, and has been collected from a wide range of host plants in Connecticut. The flight season of this species in Connecticut extends later than reported in Williams et al. (2014), with 18 November the latest date for a B. perplexus queen in Connecticut (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 101417680). Most records for this species in Connecticut (n = 592) are dated on or before 28 August, but beginning in 2001 this species has been observed on the wing in Connecticut in late September (n = 5) and October (n = 7), and, in 2021, in November (n = 4). It is unclear whether these late sightings are related to increased observations on iNaturalist or to effects of climate change.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF90FFEBFF505DA5FCE8FAF1.taxon	description	Notes: This under-recorded species is associated with forest edges, fens, swamps, and acidic bogs in the northern part of the state and has been collected from white clover (Trifolium repens) and black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) in Connecticut. The true status of this species in Connecticut and in New England is unclear, as it has been overlooked in collections and museum databases and under-reported in photo-based community science databases due to its similarity in appearance to B. vagans and B. perplexus (New England populations of B. sandersoni and B. vagans are often identical in color pattern). Records are increasing as better identification criteria are understood (Goldstein & Ascher 2016; Milam et al. 2020).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF90FFEBFF505B29FAB3F8AD.taxon	description	Notes: In Connecticut this northern species (see Figure 2, D) is known mostly from Litchfield County. More recently this species has been detected in Tolland County in 2010 and 2017, in New Haven County in 2012 (Zarrillo et al. 2016), and Litchfield County in 2021 (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 92951878). The most recent New Haven County record is unusual in that it was collected in an agricultural habitat at the CAES experimental farm, which is not usually a preferred habitat for this species (Williams et al. 2014). Other collection locations include Beckley Bog in Norfolk (Litchfield County) and Bingham Pond in Salisbury. Specimens from Connecticut have been netted from spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe), wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), narrowleaf mountain mint (Pycanthemum tenuifolium), goldenrod (Solidago s. l.), spearmint (Mentha spicata), white clover (Trifolium repens), bush clover (Lespedeza sp.), and huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF90FFEAFF505975FD83FEB4.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in a variety of habitats in Connecticut such as a coastal wildlife refuge, meadows, sandplain remnants, limestone quarries, powerline ROW, forests, agricultural land, and inland wetlands such as bogs and swamps. It is underrecorded beyond subgenus in community science datasets due to its visual similarity with Bombus sandersoni. Subgenus Subterraneobombus Vogt	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF91FFEAFF505F6EFDE5FC2F.taxon	description	Notes: Until recently, this northern bumble bee was known from Connecticut only from a single female collected on 12 August 1932 in Falls Village (Litchfield County) by J. P. Johnson. Surprisingly, two females were collected on 26 June 2010 in Suffield (Hartford County) by R. Ferreira, who noticed a nest entrance under a piece of plywood on a dry, grassy berm near shrubs in a fallow field. Richardson et al. (2018) found that B. borealis has a significant positive correlation with grass and shrub habitat. The recent records and nest location constitute a new southernmost range extension in New England for this boreal bee, and records for this species in southern, warmer regions of Vermont appear to have increased in recent decades (S. Hardy pers. comm.). This is an exception to the most recent works by Kerr et al. (2015) and Soroye et al. (2020) that predict northern bumble bee species to be receding as the climate warms.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF91FFEAFF505F6EFDE5FC2F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: Suffield: “ DEEP property, Babs Road ”, 26 June 2010, coll. R. Ferreira, 2 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2020, UCMS _ ENT 00077809, UCMS _ ENT 00077810; Litchfield Co.: Canaan: “ Falls Village ”, 12 August 1932, coll. J. P. Johnson, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028388. Subgenus Thoracobombus Dalla Torre	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF91FFEAFF505DF0FEFEF9AF.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been listed as Vulnerable on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List (Hatfield et al. 2015 b). It has also been designated a “ Species of Greatest Conservation Need ” (SGCN) in New Hampshire (New Hampshire Fish and Game Department 2015) and Hardy et al. (2021) report it is possibly on the decline in Vermont. Recent floral preference trials by K. A. Stoner (unpublished) at the CAES experimental farm in Hamden (New Haven County) detected this species in 2019, 2020, and 2021 visiting Zinnia violacea and Zinnia marylandica. Other floral records in Connecticut include morning glory (Ipomoea sp.), golden currant (Ribes aureum), lilac (Syringa sp.), white clover (Trifolium repens), common thistle (Circium vulgare), and gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea [as Nepeta hederacea]). This species has been found in Connecticut in agricultural land, sandy areas, powerline ROW, a limestone quarry, town parks, and on the grounds of an urban seaside university. Richardson et al. (2018) found B. fervidus to be positively associated with grasslands and cultivated crops. This species is still found routinely in New York including New York City (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 48 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 52774) in addition to Connecticut (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 52774), so regional trends in its status remain unclear.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF91FFEDFF505870FA9EFE17.taxon	description	Notes: This well-known species was historically common throughout the eastern and central United States, and was at one time widespread throughout Connecticut, detected in pastures, fields, and meadows on flowers such as morning glory (Ipomoea sp.) and greater burdock (Arctium lappa). This species was also reported on black currant (Ribes nigrum), apple (Malus domestica [as Pyrus malus]), and common blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis [as Rubus nigrobaccus]) in Britton & Viereck (1906) [as B. pensylvanicus DeGeer and B. americanorum Fabricius] although vouchers were unable to be located. Bombus pensylvanicus has declined in the northern parts of its range in the United States (Williams et al. 2014), and it was last detected in Connecticut in 2006 at the Belding Wildlife Management Area in Vernon (Tolland County). The lack of records is notable given the extent of wild bee surveys in its preferred habitats, open farmland and fields (Williams et al. 2014), across the state since 2009. There is a petition to list B. pensylvanicus as an endangered species under the United States Endangered Species Act (Center for Biological Diversity & the Bombus Pollinators Association of Law Students 2021), and its status in Connecticut should be reviewed in upcoming endangered species assessments. Despite its genuine scarcity in Connecticut (found in 23 towns prior to the year 2000 and with only the one record noted above since) and in New England generally, this species, however, has the seventh most records globally (n = 41,208; sixth among Bombus species) of all wild (non- Apis) bee species (n = 4,619) globally as reported on iNaturalist (accessed 16 September 2024) and has the fourth most records (n = 40,451, most recent) of any wild bee species from North America and the United States raising doubts about whether it can be considered one of the most threatened taxa globally or nationally.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF96FFEDFF595F8FFBF2FDE3.taxon	description	Reference: Flórez-Gómez & Danforth (2023); Martins et al. (1996); Mitchell (1962)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF96FFEDFF505AACFA93F8DC.taxon	description	Notes: There are two early records from 1911 for this rare social parasite in New Haven County in Connecticut in the towns of Meriden and New Haven (the latter was digitized but not located — UCMS _ ENT 00031791). Epeoloides pilosulus was also reported in Viereck et a l. (1916) [as Viereckella pilosula] from the town of Brookfield (Fairfield County), and in Britton (1920) [as Epeoloides pilosula]. There is another early specimen from Colebrook (Litchfield County) collected by W. M. Wheeler, with no specified date. This species was recently discovered in 2006 in powerline ROW in Bozrah (New London County), detailed in Wagner and Ascher (2008). Epeoloides pilosulus has since been added to Connecticut’s endangered species list (Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 2015 b) and is a regional species of greatest conservation need in four eastern states (United States Geological Survey 2015), although a recent uptick in detections regionally is encouraging (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF96FFEDFF505AACFA93F8DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Colebrook: coll. W. M. Wheeler, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2021, UCMS _ ENT 00082278; New Haven Co.: Meriden: “ South Meriden ”, 1911, coll. H. Johnson, 1 ♀, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2005, AMNH _ BEE 00010828; New London Co.: Bozrah: “ Route 163, Plot 4 ROW ”, 41.4907 - 72.17985, 22 June 2006, coll. N. Bricker & J. Watson, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2006, UCMS _ ENT 00082279.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF96FFEDFF505A07FE73FB6B.taxon	description	Reference: Mitchell (1962)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF96FFEDFF505C34FE3AFB9F.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in good numbers (n = 26) in New Haven County since Zarrillo et al. (2016), and an additional four individuals have been found in Fairfield, Middlesex, and Hartford Counties. Of note, three of these individuals were seen at their nest entrances on baseball fields, at Frances Veitch Memorial Field in New Haven (New Haven County) and at East Hartford High School (Hartford County). The nests were constructed in hard packed soil / sand in direct sunlight with minimal vegetation nearby. This species has been collected most often in bee bowls in Connecticut (n = 26) at the Pond Lily Nature Preserve, CAES New Haven campus, and CAES Lockwood Farm (New Haven County), and the Bartlett Arboretum (Fairfield County), with one individual captured visiting its host plant, rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) (Hurd 1979), at Hammonasset Beach State Park (Middlesex County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF97FFECFF505E93FE57FE2C.taxon	description	Reference: Mitchell (1962); Timberlake (1969) Subgenus Synhalonia Patton	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF97FFECFF505FF5FF45FD69.taxon	description	Notes: This species is known historically in Connecticut from Tolland and New Haven Counties but was recently observed in Windham County on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 180138298), 92 years after the last known detection. Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]) note that this species can still be found regularly in the village of Florence (Hampshire County, Massachusetts) where it visits flowers of native wild lupine, Lupinus perennis.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF97FFECFF505CB1FD92FB75.taxon	description	Notes: A recent record of this vernal long-horned bee was identified on iNaturalist in Bedford Hills, New York, close to the Connecticut border (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 4854578). This, along with other recent records (Zarrillo et al. 2016), further suggests that this species may be expanding its range into the northeast.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF97FFECFF505CB1FD92FB75.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. See Zarrillo et al. (2016) Genus Melissodes Latreille Reference: Freitas et al. (2023); LaBerge (1956 a, 1956 b, 1961); Mitchell (1962) Subgenus Apomelissodes LaBerge	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF97FFECFF505AADFDA7FA63.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist species has been collected from its host plant, pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) in Connecticut near inland wetlands. Subgenus Eumelissodes LaBerge	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF97FFECFF505BB4FA8DF857.taxon	description	Notes: LaBerge (1961) lists four localities for this species in Connecticut (Colebrook, Litchfield County; Storrs, Tolland County; Wallingford, New Haven County; Westville, New Haven County), and we have found one Tolland County specimen record for M. agilis determined by LaBerge at SEMC. We are citing this species as valid for Connecticut on LaBerge’s authority and are only including records from the revision in our county checklist (Table 2). Although M. agilis and M. trinodis are routinely separated in parts of their range such as Minnesota (Portman et al. 2023) and Manitoba (Gibbs et al. 2023), their status is less well known in the Northeastern United States. We cannot reliably separate potential M. agilis specimens from M. trinodis at this time, and our doubts about species delimitation between these species in New York and New England extend to determinations in the revision and to records from Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). Further integrative taxonomic studies are needed to confirm the range limits of M. agilis since at present few investigators are confident in separating northeastern M. agilis from M. trinodis, and the dark wings veins of regional examples are more consistent with the latter.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF94FFEFFF505ED5FBD7FEFD.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist species is commonly found on its host plant, New York ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis), across Connecticut in habitats such as agricultural land and meadows.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF94FFEFFF505F25FC62FC2F.taxon	description	Notes: Melissodes dentiventris is relatively numerous in the Southeastern United States but is not well known from New England, where it reaches its northeastern range limit (Mitchell 1962). There are only five historical records for this rarely-collected late-season composite specialist in Connecticut, three reported in Viereck et al. (1916) which were not available for re-examination (Branford, New Haven County, 3 August 1904, collected by Henry W. Winkley; New Haven [“ ‘ Westville ”], New Haven County, 3 August 1905, collected by W. E. Britton on Veronica sp.; Vernon [“ Rockville ”], Tolland County, 23 August 1905, collected by H. L. Viereck) and two specimen records reported below. All but one of the Connecticut records come from coastal cities, which parallels its limited distribution in Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). This species was recently documented on Tuckernut Island (Nantucket County, Massachusetts) on iNaturalist, observed on 29 August 2021 (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 93158406).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF94FFEFFF505F25FC62FC2F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Waterford: 11 September 1933, coll. N. Turner, sex unverified, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00030352, UCMS _ ENT 00030353.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF94FFEFFF505DF0FDF8FB32.taxon	description	Notes: This thistle-associated species has been collected in powerline ROW, wet meadows, fields, and along railroad tracks. Until recently it and a related species from Western North America were placed in subgenus Heliomelissodes (Freitas et al. (2023).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF94FFEFFF505AE4FE9DFAE2.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in habitats such as sandplain remnants and powerline ROW in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF94FFEFFF505B34FB86F9CA.taxon	description	Notes: There are few records for this northern species in Connecticut, with the most recent specimens captured in Eastford (Windham County) during a study of old fields in Connecticut (K. Urban-Mead unpublished). This species has also been found on a quarry top and has been collected from black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia sp.) in meadows in Connecticut. It may be underrecorded due to identification difficulties.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF94FFEFFF5058CCFAD4F816.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist of composites was not listed in the early Connecticut checklists (Britton 1920; Britton 1938; Viereck et al. 1916) as it had not yet been described. However, there are two historical specimens of M. subillatus determined by LaBerge at MCZ collected in Colebrook (Litchfield County) by W. M. Wheeler with no verbatim date. We have records of other species collected by Wheeler in the period spanning 1911 to 1934; therefore, M. subillatus was collected in Connecticut earlier than reported in Table 2 although the exact year is unknown.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF95FFEEFF505BA7FDA1F9CB.taxon	description	Reference: Hurd & Linsley (1972)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF95FFEEFF5058CCFEFEF8DF.taxon	description	Notes: There have been eight more detections of this cleptoparasite of Calliopsis andreniformis in Connecticut since Zarrillo et al. (2016) in locations such as agricultural land, powerline ROW, and suburban neighborhoods.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF95FFEEFF505ED5FE47FDAA.taxon	description	Notes: LaBerge (1961) lists three localities for this species in Connecticut (Colebrook, Litchfield County; Storrs, Tolland County; Westville, New Haven County), and we have found two records for M. trinodis determined by LaBerge at AMNH. The remainder of our material cannot be reliably separated from M. agilis at this time (see species account for M. agilis). However, we suspect that this is the species found very commonly visiting sunflowers across the region, including New York City, an opinion reflected in (provisional) species identifications based on images at iNaturalist and BugGuide. Subgenus Melissodes Latreille	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF95FFEEFF505C6CFD80FCCD.taxon	description	Notes: This distinctively black-colored species, which is not a composite specialist unlike many congeners, is commonly seen in pollinator gardens, agricultural land, and meadows, and has also been collected in powerline ROW and a limestone quarry. Genus Peponapis Robertson Subgenus Peponapis Robertson s. l.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF95FFEEFF505DD4FE78FA31.taxon	description	Notes: Dorchin et al. (2018) proposed a broad concept of Eucera that includes squash bees whereas Freitas et al. (2023) recognized the latter as comprising a single genus Xenoglossa. However, here we choose to retain Peponapis as valid pending further phylogenetic study, in particular improved resolution of New World species that have been included in Tetraloniella (Michener, 2007) or Xenoglossodes (Hurd, 1979). Stoner (2020) studied pollination of pumpkin and winter squash in Connecticut and found that the three primary bee species visiting these crops, P. pruinosa, B. impatiens, and A. mellifera, together provided sufficient pollination services for full fruit set and yield across a wide range of farms with different practices. The relative contribution of these species varied widely, however, among different farms, and even from year to year at the same farm. Although there were indications that the numbers of P. pruinosa visiting these crops were declining over the four years of the study (Stoner 2020), calculations made using Tefler et al. (2002) show that the relative range of this species in Connecticut is stable and / or increasing.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF95FFE1FF5059C0FDFDFEEF.taxon	description	Notes: There are only two known historical records for this species in Connecticut, and it seems to have disappeared entirely from the Northeastern United States.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF95FFE1FF5059C0FDFDFEEF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: 30 June 1905, coll. B. H. Walden, 1 ♂, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00030635; Milford, 1 July 1919, coll. M. P. Zappe, sex unverified, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00030636.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF505F36FDA0FDB8.taxon	description	Reference: Onuferko (2017, 2018)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF505C63FEB4FC26.taxon	description	Notes: This relatively large and late-flying species, presumably a cleptoparasite of Colletes compactus compactus, is known in Connecticut from a historical record in Litchfield (Litchfield County) and a more recent record in Montville (New London County) in powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF505C63FEB4FC26.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Montville: “ powerline ROW pole 347 corridor ”, 41.4325 - 72.23333, 3 September 2012, coll. F. R. Morrison, M. Gould & J. Sanchez, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00050905; Litchfield Co.: Litchfield: 30 September 1901, 1 ♀, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2011, AMNH _ BEE 00145716.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF505DF9FD1FFA8E.taxon	description	Notes: This cleptoparasitic species was first collected in Connecticut in 1922 and reported in Britton (1938). Epeolus bifasciatus was rediscovered in the state in 2021 near a planting of ground cherry (Physalis sp.), a host plant of its likely bee host (Colletes latitarsis), on an organic farm in the town of Ridgefield (Fairfield County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF505DF9FD1FFA8E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Ridgefield: “ The Hickories Eco-Type Farm, 136 Lounsbury Road ”, 41.29179 - 73.46268, 26 August 2021, coll. A. Bolduc, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2021, netted from Asclepias tuberosa, UCMS _ ENT 00077624; New Haven Co.: North Haven, 6 August 1922, coll. B. H. Walden, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028386.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF505B10FB89F913.taxon	description	Notes: This recently described species (Onuferko 2018) had previously been confused with E. ilicis which has a southeastern distribution. It is likely a cleptoparasites of Colletes productus.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF505B10FB89F913.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Tolland Co.: Stafford: “ Hampden Rd., 1.4 mi N of Bradway Pond ”, 9 July 1976, coll. G. I. Stage, 1 ♂, GSC, det. J. S. Ascher 2018, netted from Lyonia ligustrina, UCMS _ ENT 00027148; Windham: “ Windham Airport ”, 41.7496 - 72.1791, 7 July 2023, coll. H. Baranowski, 2 ♂, UCMS, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2023, netted from Symphyotrichum sp. in a pine barren.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF50588BFE12F841.taxon	description	Notes: This cleptoparasite of Colletes nudus is known in Connecticut from a single female collected in a coastal town.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9AFFE1FF50588BFE12F841.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: East Lyme: “ near jct. of US Hwy 1 and Liberty Way ”, 41.31778 - 72.24361, 18 August 2009, coll. C. T. Maier, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher, netted from Eupatorium hyssopifolium, UCMS _ ENT 00039143.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505ED5FC4FFED3.taxon	description	Notes: Epeolus pusillus has been collected in habitats such as sandplain remnants and coastal beaches in Connecticut. A female was collected by C. T. Maier on 22 September 2009 at Long Beach Park in Stratford (Fairfield County) while visiting seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505FC4FD1BFD54.taxon	description	Notes: While this species only has 11 records in Connecticut, it is widely distributed, likely due to an association with the common Colletes simulans armatus, and has been detected in every county except Fairfield County. It has been found in sandplain remnants, a coastal state park, and powerline ROW, and visiting anise-scented goldenrod (Solidago odora) and American burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius). Genus Triepeolus Robertson Reference: Mitchell (1962); Rightmyer (2008)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505D4FFC16FB39.taxon	description	Notes: This cleptoparasite of Melissodes was reported from Connecticut in Mitchell (1962) and is also known in the state from two recent records in New London County.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505D4FFC16FB39.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Montville: “ 0.18 km SSE jct. State Route 85 and Beckwith Road ”, 41.4347 - 72.2242, 2 August 2018, coll. C. T. Maier, 1 ♂, CAES, det. S. Droege and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, netted from Solidago odora, UCMS _ ENT 00082094; Waterford: “ Harkness State Park, 275 Great Neck Road ”, 41.37696 - 72.11389, 30 July – 6 August 2019, coll. J. Durrell & A. Bolduc, 1 ♂, CAES, det. S. Droege and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00082095.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505AE3FC95FA2D.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported for Connecticut in Cresson (1864 a) [as Epeolus donatus Smith] and Viereck et al. (1916) and has since been collected in habitats including a powerline ROW and a wet meadow. Specimens from 1905, 1906, and 1914 have been vetted. It has been netted from thistle (Cirsium sp.) host plants of Melissodes desponsus, which it parasitizes, in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505BF6FD44F959.taxon	description	Notes: This species, likely associated with Melissodes, is known in Connecticut from only two records, one collected in a powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505BF6FD44F959.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: New Canaan: 26 August 1951, coll. M. Statham, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2013, AMNH _ BEE 0025422; Hartford Co.: South Windsor: 41.84280187 - 72.53556581, 4 August 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♀, personal collection, det. M. F. Veit.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9BFFE0FF505942FC32F842.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported for Connecticut in Cresson (1864 a) [as Epeolus lunatus Say] and Viereck et al. (1916), and historical specimens have been confirmed. It has since been collected in habitats such as agricultural land, powerline ROW, and sandy areas, and has been netted from black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) in Connecticut. It is likely associated with Melissodes bimaculatus.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF505BCEFD6DF984.taxon	description	Reference: Cockerell 1908; Droege et al. (2010 a); Mitchell (1962); Odanaka et al. (2022); Schwarz & Gusenleitner (2004); Sheffield et al. (2009); Straka et al. (2024).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF50581FFC81F86D.taxon	description	Notes: The status of this species is poorly understood because only the male is described by Mitchell (1960). Due to variation in the color of the scutellum, atypical males of N. armatella and N. cressonii can potentially be confused by those relying on Mitchell’s keys. Pronotal color also seems to vary, and further documentation of structural characters of both sexes is needed. Placement of N. armatella sister to N. depressa rather than close to N. cressonii by Odonaka et al. (2022) suggests that their concept of this species may differ from ours (see above).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF50581FFC81F86D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: “ Lockwood Farm ”, 41.405833 - 72.904722, 13 May 2010, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♂, CAES, det. K. Odanaka 2021.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF505ED5FB9DFE35.taxon	description	Notes: Two specimens from Colebrook (Litchfield County) Connecticut were chosen to be a paratype and an allotype for this species as reported in Mitchell (1962) and are deposited at MCZ. Mitchell (1962) reported two collection events by W. M. Wheeler (female allotype collected on 28 July 1921; male paratype collected on 8 August 1922). It is likely associated with Melissodes, potentially including M. subillatus.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF505FEDFB95FCBF.taxon	description	Notes: There are only two records for this cleptoparasitic species in Connecticut, one collected in an old orchard at the University of Connecticut, and another during a study of old fields in eastern Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF505FEDFB95FCBF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Tolland Co.: Mansfield: “ Storrs, old UCONN Orchard ”, 41.7822 - 72.2148, 30 July 2009, coll. R. E. Roehm, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2013, UCMS _ ENT 00055457; Windham Co.: Eastford: “ Center Pike ”, 41.949255 - 72.121825, 17 July 2013, coll. K. Urban-Mead, 1 ♀, YPM, det. S. Droege and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, netted from Rudbeckia hirta, YPM ENT 809558.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF595D60FCCEFBC3.taxon	description	Notes: This cleptoparasite of Melissodes druriellus is known in Connecticut from only four records, of which three below were confirmed.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF595D60FCCEFBC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Westport: 18 July 1925, coll. L. Lacey, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. M. G. Rightmyer 2006, AMNH _ BEE 00140194; Hartford Co.: Windsor: 1951, coll. J. B. Kring, 1 ♂, CAES, det. S. Droege 2020, UCMS _ ENT 00077811; New London Co.: Montville: “ Route 85 ”, 42.43512 - 72.21401, 1 September 2012, coll. F. Morrison, 1 ♀, personal collection, det. J. S. Ascher.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF98FFE3FF505ADBFEDEFAD7.taxon	description	Notes: This cleptoparsite of Peponapis pruinosa was first reported for Connecticut and New England by Zarrillo et al. (2016). Twelve additional individuals have been collected in Connecticut since then, all from agricultural fields.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF99FFE2FF505ED5FB62FE6C.taxon	description	Notes: This species is expected to be a widespread and numerous cleptoparasite of the genus Agapostemon (Gibbs et al. 2017). Although its status in historical publications is generally uncertain due to potential confusion with N. australis, Connecticut vouchers as early as 1904 have been restudied and verified. Community science images frequently documented N. erigeronis group species (this or N. australis), but species identification from photos is challenging. This species has been collected in habitats across Connecticut such as powerline ROW, agricultural land, coastal beaches and dunes, suburban and urban areas, and the edge of a swamp.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF99FFE2FF505FB0FAE8FD51.taxon	description	Notes: This species is generally less commonly found than N. articulata and was overlooked historically due to confusion with that species. There are only nine records of N. australis in Connecticut, as opposed to at least 110 records for N. articulata. Even with so few records, N. australis has been detected in a variety of habitats in Connecticut, such as agricultural land, inland dunes, coastal scrub, grassland, and a suburban neighborhood.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF99FFE2FF505D4AFAFDFB2A.taxon	description	Notes: Reported as “ declining ” in New Hampshire (Matthiasson & Rehan 2019), but this species, as identified by males, was one of the most numerous early spring-flying Nomada found at Ithaca, New York (ca. early 2000 s), and elsewhere in the region by J. S. Ascher (unpublished). There are 81 records for N. bella in Connecticut (of those 71 % are females identified by J. S. Ascher), and 95 % were collected after the year 2000. Due to identification difficulties, especially of females, this species is likely to be under-recorded, and digitized records cannot be relied upon to fully capture its distribution and abundance. In Connecticut, it is best known from inland dunes, powerline ROW, and a plantation of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) with an understory of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) at the Pachaug State Forest in Voluntown (New London County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF99FFE2FF505AEDFC28FA73.taxon	description	Notes: Generally a scarce bee although likely under-recorded prior to the recent association of the sexes (Droege et al. 2010 a) which resulted in synonymy of N. pseudops, the name used by Mitchell (1962) for the female of the species. In addition to the records for New Haven County annotated in Zarrillo et al. (2016), this species has also been found at the edge of Robbins Swamp in Canaan (Litchfield County) on 26 May 2007 by D. L. Wagner and in town of Wilton (Fairfield County) on 3 June 2019 by C. T. Maier.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF99FFE2FF505BA4FD47F8A2.taxon	description	Notes: Two records of this rare cleptoparasite are confirmed for New Haven County only in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF99FFE2FF505BA4FD47F8A2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: Orange: 21 Jun 2002, coll. M. Schwarz, 1 ♀, J. S. Ascher det. 2023, in his reference collection; New Haven: “ Lockwood Farm, 890 Evergreen Avenue ”, 41.40590 - 72.90433, 23 June 2021, coll. J. Durrell, 1 ♂, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo (using Mitchell 1962) in 2023, netted from Castanea henryi, CAES _ HYM 00019290.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF99FFE5FF5059E4FC46FE6B.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: Litchfield Co.: Colebrook (MCZ). Notes: Under-recorded due to identification difficulties, but S. Droege (pers. comm.) has recognized it from numerous sites across the region. However, material determined by him from New York and Canada proved on reexamination to pertain to two species one of which may be the morphospecies reported as Nomada sp. aff. composita Mitchell by Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]); see also Ascher et al. (2014) which differs in having an all red T 3 (lacking yellow lateral spots) and in having a wider prepygidial fimbria with yellower hairs (vs. narrower and more silvery in true N. composita) and subtle differences in spines at the apex of the hind femur. In Connecticut this species is best known from powerline ROW (Wagner et al. 2014 a) where two voucher specimens confirmed to be true N. composita upon reexamination were found to vary in color, with one having small yellow sublateral spots on T 4 and some diffuse yellow on T 5 medially whereas the other had T 4 - T 5 red.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9EFFE5FF505FACFB95FD53.taxon	description	Notes: Apparently this is one of the more abundant Nomada species in the Northeastern United States, but its true status is somewhat obscured by ongoing identification difficulties. Connecticut records come from habitats such as powerline ROW, agricultural land, northern bogs, inland sand plain remnants, wildlife management areas, coastal meadows, suburban / urban neighborhoods, forest edges, and an arboretum.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9EFFE5FF505D44FA99FBD7.taxon	description	Notes: This species as interpreted by Mitchell (1962) is one of the more distinctive of the “ bidentate ” species (Gibbs et al. 2017 a) annotated here as comprising a “ bella subgroup, ” and is one of the more numerous large-bodied species flying later in spring in the region, especially at “ northern ” sites in Connecticut where its presumed Andrena (Melandrena) hosts are abundant. As noted by Gibbs et al. (2017 a), Robertson (1903) described four forms of N. cuneata, but their diverse color patterns suggest that these forms, including reports of these from Connecticut by Viereck et al. (1916, as var.), are not conspecific with N. cuneata sensu Mitchell as recognized here. Further study of types is required to confirm application of names for N. cuneata and its putative forms.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9EFFE5FF505AC8FD5CFADB.taxon	description	Notes: Both sexes can be identified by experienced workers, and males possess distinctive antennae, yet the species is still likely under-recorded. It has been detected in seven of the eight counties in Connecticut in habitats such as powerline ROW and a large, municipal park.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9EFFE5FF505B3CFC63F868.taxon	description	= Nomada hoodiana Cockerell, 1903, unpublished synonymy of Snelling; = Nomada depressicauda Cockerell, 1908; = Nomada carinicauda Cockerell, 1921, unpublished synonymy of Snelling; = Nomada media Mitchell, 1962, unpublished synonymy of Snelling. Notes: Like very many Nomada species this one is surely under-recorded regionally, especially males. As there seem to be a reasonable number of recent (1990 s – present) records in collections, examined from pertinent “ northern ” sites in the region, including Connecticut (n = 11), it is hard to endorse an assessment of the species as “ declining ” in New Hampshire (Matthiasson & Rehan 2019). We are unable to reliably separate N. skinneri Cockerell, described as “ belonging to the group of N. depressa ” by its author, from N. depressa, so we regard a nontype Connecticut report of the former as hypothetical (see below). A voucher from Tuell et al. (2009) from Ottawa County Michigan (4.5 miles NW of Holland, 21 Apr 2005, coll. J. K. Tuell et al.) initially identified as a Nomada cf. depressa proved upon reexamination to be a N. sobrina male instead. It has a yellow pronotum (see image in Gibbs et al. 2017 a). As discussed above, grouping of this species with a Nomada (Heminomada) species by Odanaka et al. (2022) contrasts with its placement in Nomada (Nomada) by Hurd (1979).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE4FF505ED5FC26FDAA.taxon	description	Notes: Connecticut is the type locality of the male of this species, collected and deposited in the collection of E. Norton (Cresson 1863) and now presumably lost. The female lectotype is from Illinois and is deposited at ANSP. Nomada electa was later reported for Connecticut in Britton (1938), however, the voucher could not be located for reexamination. More recently, a single male was collected in northern Fairfield County in 2002. This species is expected to occur only where populations exist of its likely host Andrena braccata (Ascher et al. 2014).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE4FF505ED5FC26FDAA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: New Fairfield: 41.48333 - 73.48333, 9 September 2002, coll. J. S. Ascher, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2013, AMNH _ BEE 00271284.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE4FF505C6CFEEEFC3C.taxon	description	Notes: This species is scarce in collections. It was discovered in Georgia and has since been found in the mid-Atlantic in Virginia and North Carolina (Wake County, new information) and in New England including Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The first and only Connecticut record supports an early summer flight season for this species (available records are from June-July).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE4FF505C6CFEEEFC3C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: New London Co.: Norwich, 7 July 1993, coll. H. T. Facundo, 1 ♀, det. J. S. Ascher 2023, NUS-IDL.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE4FF505DE7FBFAFB8B.taxon	description	Notes: This species is reported by Mitchell (1962) to occur in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE4FF505A13FEF7FAD7.taxon	description	Notes: This northern species is numerous in Eastern Canada (see iNaturalist) but is found more sparsely in the Northeastern United States. It was surely overlooked by regional workers historically due in part to an early flight season. Only recently has N. inepta, described from the female, been recognized as a junior synonym of N. gracilis (Sheffield et al. 2009). Connecticut records come from habitats such as sandplain remnants, northern bogs, and arboretums.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE4FF505BCFFD88F9DB.taxon	description	Notes: A small-bodied species, likely associated with Andrena miserabilis, in a hard-to-identify complex of species with white setae at the apex of the hind tibia. Collection sites in Connecticut include agricultural land, coastal scrub, and a coastal meadow.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9FFFE7FF5058C3FABFFF6F.taxon	description	Notes: The identity of this and other relatives of Nomada luteola (included in subgenus Heminomada sensu Mitchell, 1962; Hurd, 1979) was highly confused prior to taxonomic studies by Schwarz & Gusenleitner (2004). It is now recognized to be a relatively numerous species across the region. Likely hosts in Connecticut include Andrena dunningi Cockerell and Andrena regularis Malloch (Gibbs et al. 2017 a). This species has been found in habitats such as powerline ROW, coastal beaches and scrub, and agricultural land, with 39 % of records coming from the Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge in Westbrook (Middlesex County). Users of Discover Life identification keys should be aware that N. imbricata females from the Northeastern and North Central United States and Canada can have more extensively red head, scutum, and propodeum than do extensively yellow-marked mid-Atlantic specimens, so approaches to identification overly reliant on color may prove unreliable.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9CFFE7FF505EB0FA2AFE1F.taxon	description	Notes: Although reportedly widespread across the region and recorded from Connecticut by Mitchell (1962), its true status in New England remains unclear due to identification difficulties (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9CFFE7FF505F80FBF3FD07.taxon	description	Notes: The identification and status of this species was clarified by Droege et al. (2010 a) who reported the species from Connecticut and recognized N. kingstonensis Mitchell, 1962, from nearby Rhode Island as a junior synonym. Now that its identification has been clarified it has been found widely across the Northeastern United States but remains under-recorded especially based on the harder-to-recognize male.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9CFFE7FF505C98FE37FBA7.taxon	description	Notes: As noted by Gibbs et al. (2017 a), the type series may be composite, and specimens from the Eastern United States may not match the lectotype. It may be necessary to describe eastern populations as a new species or to assign them another name once type material in the challenging bella subgroup (= Gnathias) is better understood. Uncertainty about the identity of regional N. lepida sensu auct. extends to all New England records including those from Massachusetts, even though the taxonomic problem noted by Gibbs et al. (2017 a) was not referenced by Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9CFFE7FF505A78FD46FAF2.taxon	description	Notes: A southern species reaching its northern range limits in southern coastal Connecticut (Zarrillo et al. 2016) and New York City. Identification is challenging and should be attempted with reference to antennal proportions, genal morphology, and other characters as reported by Schwarz & Gusenleitner (2004).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9CFFE7FF505A78FD46FAF2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. See Zarrillo e t al. (2016)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9CFFE7FF505B24FAB2F9E5.taxon	description	Notes: One of the most numerous and widely recognized Nomada species in the Northeastern United States including Connecticut, likely reflecting an association with a common host species (likely Andrena carlini; see Gibbs et al. 2017 a; Goldstein & Ascher 2016). Many females are more readily identifiable from images than are most other regional Nomada, so specimen records are supplemented with community science reports.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9CFFE7FF5058B3FEF3F85D.taxon	description	Notes: One of the most abundant Nomada species in the region, likely reflecting an association with common Andrena (Melandrena) hosts, likely including Andrena vicina. Habitat associations in Connecticut include powerline ROW, coastal beaches, agricultural land, inland dunes and sandplain remnants, suburban neighborhoods, and field edges.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9DFFE6FF505ED5FD1FFD9E.taxon	description	= Nomada viburni Robertson, 1897; = Nomada decepta Mitchell, 1962, unpublished synonymy of Snelling. Notes: Typical individuals with two submarginal cells are readily identified, but some individuals may have three cells in one or both wings complicating identification. This species is expected to be localized to the vicinity of willows in Connecticut due to its reported association with Andrena erythrogaster. It is known in Connecticut only from a singleton collected in 1926.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9DFFE6FF505ED5FD1FFD9E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Cornwall: 4 June 1926, coll. K. F. Chamberlain, sex unverified, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00032857.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9DFFE6FF505C01FBB1FCAC.taxon	description	Notes: One of the more numerous later spring-flying species in the region, e. g., at Ithaca, New York and vicinity (J. S. Ascher unpublished), but under-recorded, especially in the male, due to ongoing identification difficulties among Nomada with bidentate mandibles (see Mitchell 1962, key).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9DFFE6FF505D76FCF7FB97.taxon	description	Notes: This species is generally scarce in the Northeastern United States and better known from further south. There are eight records of this species in Connecticut, most from warmer, coastal locations, and all records are relatively recent, spanning 2005 – 2017. Nomada parva is easily overlooked due to its unusually small size and similarity to other small-bodied species such as N. illinoensis.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9DFFE6FF505A08FD7CFAD8.taxon	description	Notes: This species can sometimes be recognized due to the more black (less red) integument in comparison to other species with bidentate mandibles. Identification is difficult and similar undescribed or at least generally unrecognized species may exist. Care should be taken to examine tibial spines when attempting to separate these. Early records from Connecticut have been augmented with recent material collected by M. F. Veit in powerline ROW and deciduous forests (Wagner et al. 2019).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9DFFE6FF505B3CFBF4F9F4.taxon	description	Notes: Recent observations of this species on iNaturalist are notable as this species is rarely seen, especially in New England. It was first found visiting flat-topped goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia) in New Haven County, Connecticut by D. P. Mantack (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 179870206).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF9DFFE6FF50589BFDB7F855.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut, [ex coll. E. Norton] (ANSP). Notes: This species is apparently one of the most numerous Nomada in the woodlands of the Northeastern United States, with records published for all counties in Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) and all but one county (Windham County) in Connecticut. Although there are many records it is still likely under-recorded in digitized record sets due to serious identification difficulties and inability to recognize this and other similar Nomada from community science images.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA2FFD9FF505ED5FCB1FD91.taxon	description	Notes: As reported in the regional literature (e. g., Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), N. sayi is less widely recognized than is the rather similar N. pygmaea, although its true status is unclear due to identification difficulties. There are only five records of this species in Connecticut (three of which are from one collection event in New Canaan).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA2FFD9FF505ED5FCB1FD91.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: New Canaan: 17 May 1968, coll. M. Favreau, 3 ♀, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2011, AMNH _ BEE 00146949, AMNH _ BEE 00146950, AMNH _ BEE 00146951; Hartford Co.: Enfield: “ 1 km N of jct. State Route 192 and Brainard Rd. ”, 42.0332 - 72.54247, 26 April 2005, 1 ♂ coll. C. T. Maier, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00030540; New Haven Co.: Meriden: 3 May 1972, coll. H. L. Johnson, 1 ♂, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2011, AMNH _ BEE 00146970.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA2FFD9FF505C04FD46FCF7.taxon	description	Notes: Nomada tiftonensis is a distinctive species flying in summer and early fall that can be found visiting sunflowers at sandy sites along with its presumed Agapostemon hosts. It was reported by Mitchell (1962) from Connecticut and Massachusetts as N. heiligbrodtii, now recognized as a junior synonym (Droege et al. 2010 a).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA2FFD9FF505C04FD46FCF7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. See Zarrillo et al. (2016)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA2FFD9FF505D29FBAEF96F.taxon	description	Notes: Nomada townesi is a very poorly known species that has been known only from a male holotype collected on 26 Mar 1944 by H. K. and M. Townes at Takoma Park, Montgomery County, Maryland. The type specimen is one of four species keying to couplet 44 in Mitchell that have the basal vein of the forewing interstitial or nearly so with the transverse median vein. A specimen from Laurel, PWRC site 5, Prince Georges County Maryland, 20 Mar 2001, coll. Sam Droege, has such venation and otherwise matches Mitchell’s description. However, another larger but evidently conspecific individual taken nearby (at PWRC site 6) three days later (23 Mar) has the basal vein distinctly basad of the transverse median vein. The Connecticut male reported here closely matches the second specimen with venation atypical for the species (but normal for Nomada of this group). From these observations we conclude that N. townesi occurs in the Northeastern United States but may have been overlooked if many (perhaps most) individuals cannot be keyed reliable in Mitchell (1962) due to variation in placement of the basal vein relative to the transverse median vein. This observation suggests that the obscure N. ulsterensis Mitchell, 1962, also keying to couplet 44, may prove to be a previously described Nomada species with anomalous venation as opposed to a valid species. However, ignoring venation, N. townesi does not seem to match any other regional species so we regard it as distinct for now. On the other hand, some obscure, yellow-banded species formerly included in Heminomada (e. g., N. autumnalis Mitchell, in Gibbs et al., 2017) with interstitial basal veins that key out at couplet 32 may also represent individual variation as opposed to valid taxa. Schwarz and Gusenleiter (2004) placed one such taxon, N. bishoppi Cockerell, in synonymy, and we suspect that another obscure species in this group, N. subrutila Lovell and Cockerell, 1905, described from Maine (see Dibble et al. 2017) may prove to be a synonym of N. luteoloides (the description matches this better than another possible association, N. imbricata.)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA2FFD9FF505D29FBAEF96F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Preston: 1 km S jct. State Routes 2 A and 12, 41.47346 N - 72.06718 W, 9 Apr 2009, coll. C. T. Maier, 1 ♂, det. by (and on loan to) J. S. Ascher, 2023.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA2FFD8FF5058B7FCADFF42.taxon	description	= Nomada beulahensis Cockerell, 1903, unpublished synonymy of Snelling; = Nomada vicina stevensi Swenk, 1913, unpublished synonymy of Snelling. Notes: This species flies in the fall along with its presumed host Andrena hirticincta (Ascher et al. 2014) and is usually found on goldenrod or other composites. Care should be taken in identification, as the similar Nomada banksi Cockerell, 1907, might also occur in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA3FFD8FF505964FB79F841.taxon	description	Notes: This very common species can be found throughout Connecticut and has been collected in various habitats such as powerline ROW, agricultural land, town parks, grassy fields, inland wetlands, beach dunes, a coastal wildlife preserve, sandplain remnants, suburban neighborhoods, and pollinator gardens.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA3FFD8FF505800FD94F8B2.taxon	description	Reference: Daly (1973); Rehan & Sheffield (2011) Subgenus Zadontomerus Ashmead	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA3FFD8FF505F54FE12FD0F.taxon	description	Notes: A singleton in Connecticut was collected by H. L. Johnson on 29 August 1971, without specific locality information. Since H. L. Johnson typically collected near his home in Meriden (New Haven County), we surmise that this specimen was collected in that vicinity. This parasite of Andrena (Callandrena s. l.) is often recorded from sunflowers in the Central United States but is rarely reported from the Northeast (Broemeling & Moalif 1988). However, there are recent reports from New England states (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), including Vermont (S. Hardy pers. comm.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA3FFD8FF505F54FE12FD0F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: 29 August 1971, coll. H. L. Johnson, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00050234.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA3FFD8FF505C91FD26FA51.taxon	description	= Nomada ochlerata Mitchell, 1962, new synonym; = Nomada detrita Mitchell, 1962, new synonym; = Nomada mendica Mitchell, 1962, new synonym. Notes: This distinctively yellow-banded species was under-recorded in historical literature but has been found at various regional sites such as Ithaca, New York (J. S. Ascher pers. obs.; Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]), Vermont (S. Hardy pers. comm.), Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), and the following five towns in Connecticut: New Canaan and Danbury (Fairfield County), Barkhamsted and Goshen (Litchfield County), and Waterford (New London County). We consider both Nomada mendica Mitchell, 1962, and Nomada ochlerata Michell, 1962, to be junior synonyms of N. xanthura (see Gibbs et al. 2017 a), and we concur with S. Droege’s observation shared on the Discover Life species page for N. xanthura that Nomada detrita Mitchell, 1962, is an atypical N. xanthura with two submarginal cells and thus a junior synonym. In the original description of N. ochlerata there is an inconsistency in the description of the coloration of the first metasomal tergum with, “ abdominal terga 1 - 6 more or less completely yellow banded, that on 1 rather narrow … ” contradicting, “ tergum 1 piceous basally, more reddish apically. ” The latter description is correct whereas in the former description “ 1 ” should be updated to 2. Although N. xanthura has been considered a possible junior synonym of N. gracilis by S. Droege (e. g., as reported on the Discover Life species page for N. gracilis), we cannot accept this synonym because the two species differ strikingly in color pattern and occur together at places such as Ithaca, New York with no sign of intergradation. At least one male specimen identified as N. depressa by S. Droege from Essex County, New York proved upon reexamination to be N. xanthura.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA0FFDBFF505BB2FD38F9C5.taxon	description	Reference: Mitchell (1960); Stephen (1954)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA0FFDBFF505ED4FCC5FE09.taxon	description	Notes: This common species is best known in Connecticut from habitats such as coastal scrub, beach dunes, and powerline ROW, and was the third most abundant species captured in the Grass Island survey (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019). Scarpulla (2013) reported that this species was also found in notably high numbers in his survey of Hart-Miller Island in Maryland compared to other species in the Ceratina species complex and suggests that C. dupla may be more tolerant of these types of dry, open conditions.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA0FFDBFF505F90FDDCFD39.taxon	description	Notes: This recently described species has been found on agricultural land, marsh, beach dunes, coastal scrub, and a meadow adjacent to a forest.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA0FFDBFF505CE0FC29FC21.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in the southern, coastal counties in Connecticut and in the Connecticut River Valley in Hartford County, in habitats such as powerline ROW, grassy meadows, agricultural land, suburban neighborhoods, and a coastal wildlife preserve. Ceratina strenua was observed to nest in the stems of sumac (Rhus sp.) by M. Favreau in the 1970 ’ s in New Canaan (Fairfield County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA0FFDAFF505953FC70FE33.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: New Haven Co., 12 July [1878 or before], W. H. Patton, ex Heuchera americana (lost; replaced by a neotype from Maryland in USNM) Notes: Connecticut is the type locality of this oligolege of alumroot (Heuchera sp.) (Robertson 1895); however, the type was lost and, in the absence of available Connecticut material, a female from Maryland was designated as the neotype by Stephen (1954). Colletes aestivalis has not been detected in Connecticut since its description in 1879 and there is only one undated historical record for Masaschusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). The historical range of C. aestivalis extends up the eastern coast of the United States from Georgia to Massachusetts, and west to Illinois (Mitchell 1960) and Missouri. There have been few recent records of this species in the Northeastern United States, however the paucity of records may be due to lack of targeted collecting on its native host plant. It has been recorded recently in specialized habitat in the Mid-Atlantic region and in the western portion of its range (e. g., Missouri, see https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 139493810).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA0FFDBFF505DF9FD9FFB3A.taxon	description	Reference: Hurd (1956) Subgenus Xylocopoides Michener	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA0FFDBFF505ADCFEE9FA68.taxon	description	Notes: Records for this species in Connecticut span from 1900 – 2023, yet most of the records (about 79 %) were collected after the year 2000. Although X. virginica virginica is considered to be a “ pest ” because of its tunneling nesting behavior in wood, it is known to be a valuable pollinator of agricultural crops such as watermelon, musk melon, and cucumber (Winfree et al. 2008). COLLETIDAE	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA1FFDAFF505FE4FB23FD53.taxon	description	Notes: Colletes americanus was noted in Viereck (1916) as probably present Connecticut due to its known distribution and habitats, however, identification of this species is challenging and has been subject to numerous errors (Kuhlmann & Ascher 2010). Species such as the morphologically similar Colletes speculiferus [= mitchelli] were not yet described and thus unknown to Viereck and other collectors at that time. The first verified record we could find for C. americanus in Connecticut was a specimen collected in 1919. This species is now documented from six Connecticut counties, in habitats such as powerline ROW and sandplain remnants.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA1FFDAFF505D44FAA6FBE5.taxon	description	Notes: This rarely captured species is a specialist on holly (Ilex) (Deyrup et al. 2002). The only two known Connecticut specimens were collected in 2012 in the town of Salem (New London County) near a gravelly, sandy, unfinished road.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA1FFDAFF505D44FAA6FBE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Salem: “ jct. Rt. 11 / 82 ”, 41.46 - 72.26805, 14 – 16 June 2012, coll. D. L. Wagner, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00050043; “ Rt. 11 Extension ”, 41.46166 - 72.27138, 14 June 2012, coll. F. Morrison, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2012, UCMS _ ENT 00050148.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA1FFDAFF505AB3FC0CF9C3.taxon	description	Notes: This autumn bee is a specialist on Asteraceae (Gibbs et al. 2017 a) and has been collected from goldenrod (Solidago s. l.) and unspecified Asters in Connecticut, in habitats such as coastal state parks, town beaches and inland ponds, and powerline ROW. Of note, one male was collected at Long Beach Park in Stratford (Fairfield County) on seaside goldenrod (Solidago sempirvirens) by C. T. Maier on 22 September 2009 along with a reported cleptoparasite (Rozen & Favreau 1968) Epeolus pusillus. Additionally, Epeolus autumnalis, a reported cleptoparasite of C. compactus compactus (Ascher et al. 2014), was netted with its host in a powerline ROW in Montville (New London County) on 3 September 2012 by F. Morrison.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA1FFDAFF5058D4FF40F82B.taxon	description	Notes: This common species is one of the earliest native bees to emerge in Connecticut, coinciding in phenology with the bloom of maple (Acer spp.) and willow (Salix spp.), which provide early season sources of nectar and pollen (Batra 1985; Tumminello et al. 2018). This bee commonly forms nesting aggregations throughout the state.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA6FFDDFF505ED5FCA7FE41.taxon	description	Notes: This summer-flying species is a specialist on ground cherry (Physalis sp.) (Gibbs et al. 2017 a) and a host of the cleptoparasitic bee Epeolus bifasciatus (Brumley 1965; Mitchell 1962). Only thirteen specimens of this species have been collected in two counties in Connecticut over the past 100 years: two from 1972 (New Haven County), one from 2007 (Litchfield County), five from 2020 (Litchfield County), and five from 2021 (Litchfield County). In 2021, a female Epeolus bifasciatus was opportunistically captured on an organic farm in the town of Ridgefield (Fairfield County) where ground cherry (Physalis sp.) has been grown as a crop for the past 12 years, suggesting that its host, C. latitarsis, must also be nearby.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA6FFDDFF505C59FB4DFCE1.taxon	description	Notes: The first known records in Connecticut for this rarely collected species were from W. E. Britton in Torrington (Litchfield County) on 7 July 1905 (male), and from an unknown collector (label data: B. T. R. Lab. Col.) in Stamford (Fairfield County) on 22 June 1929 (female). Likely under-collected historically, this specialist on maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina) (Hall et al. 2016; Wagner et al. 2014 a) was later netted from this host plant in 1976 by G. I. Stage in the town of Stafford (Tolland County) (unpublished), with subsequent captures by Wagner et al. (2014) in their survey of wild bee communities living under transmission line ROW in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA6FFDDFF505D39FEC4FB01.taxon	description	Notes: Colletes simulans Cresson was originally described from Colorado. Stephen (1954) recognized four subspecies, with armatus Patton being the subspecies in New England, the northern Great Plains, and the eastern seaboard south to North Carolina. Colletes simulans armatus, is a specialist on late-season Asteraceae (Hurd 1979) and has been collected often on goldenrod (Solidago s. l.) in Connecticut and across the region. Its peak flight activity in Connecticut is earlier than C. compactus compactus, which generally matches its phenology in New York (Ascher et al. 2014).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA6FFDDFF505A99FE2EFA4D.taxon	description	Notes: Gerald Stage collected specimens in Connecticut in 1973 (n = 6) in Mansfield (Tolland County) near Chapin’s Pond, however this species was first reported from Connecticut by Wagner et al. (2014 a). It has also been captured in a bee bowl in sand dune remnants in Simsbury (Hartford County) between 15 – 18 August 2007 by A. Bouchard and D. L. Wagner, and a powerline ROW in Bozrah (New London County) on 19 July 2006 by N. Bricker and J. Watson.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA6FFDDFF505855FCE1F8F3.taxon	description	Notes: This autumnal specialist of Asteraceae is mostly known in New England from the offshore islands of Massachusetts (Goldstein & Ascher 2016; Stage 2009) [as mitchelli] and Rhode Island and is associated with sandy dunes with goldenrod. It is known in Connecticut from a single female collected in powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA6FFDDFF505855FCE1F8F3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Montville: “ Chesterfield Rd. ”, 4 July 2006, coll. N. Bricker & J. Watson, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00050606.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA6FFDCFF505924FBC1FEA7.taxon	description	Notes: This common species emerges later in the spring than C. inaequalis in Connecticut, and its large aggregations have been found in habitats ranging from beaches along the coast to inland sandplain remnants, organic farms, powerline ROW, urban planting beds, and school playgrounds. Males can be seen in large numbers flying low to the ground patrolling the area for females as they leave their nest to gather pollen.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA7FFDCFF505D4BFD9CFC74.taxon	description	Reference: Mitchell (1960); Oram (2018); Snelling (1966, 1968, 1970, 1983) Subgenus Cephalylaeus Michener	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA7FFDCFF505F78FB51FD53.taxon	description	Notes: The first known records for this species in Connecticut were collected by Viereck in 1904 on American gooseberry (Ribes oxyacanthoides), and leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata). Rajotte (1979) studied the nesting habits, pheromone response, and foraging behavior of this species at a sandplain in the town of Mansfield (Tolland County), Connecticut, northeast of Chapins Pond. He found that C. validus waited 11 – 20 days after emergence to collect pollen from early and late lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium and V. pallidum [as V. vascillans, a misspelling of vacillans] respectively) and found that excavated pollen provisions were almost exclusively from Vaccinium or other ericaceous species (Rajotte 1979). Due to its specialization on Vaccinium spp. pollen and its gregarious nesting habit (Rajotte 1979), this species has potential to be an important native pollinator of lowbush (Boulanger e t al. 1967; Rajotte 1979) and highbush blueberry (Scott et al. 2016; Tuell et al. 2009).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA7FFDCFF505DAEFE52FA1A.taxon	description	Notes: This northern species persists in good numbers in the Northern and Western portions of its range (e. g., in Canada and the Rocky Mountains) but is rare and local at best in the Northeastern United States and may have declined at the southern edge of its range. Causes of a potential decline are unknown, but it is possible that reforestation of historically-denuded mountaintops in New England (and New York) led to a decline due to ecological succession of its host plant Potentilla.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA7FFDCFF505DAEFE52FA1A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: Hartland: “ 1 mi S of West Hartland ”, 6 June 1966, coll. S. M. Fullerton, f 1, UCMS, det. S. M. Fullerton 1968, UCMS _ ENT 00029328. Subgenus Hylaeus Fabricius	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA7FFDCFF505BFCFF5FF92F.taxon	description	Notes: Hylaeus annulatus is a northern Holarctic species at the southern edge of its range in Southern New England where it is generally scarce. All but four of the eighteen Connecticut records are from northern towns (78 %).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA7FFDCFF5058F0FBD8F8DF.taxon	description	Notes: This exotic species is well known in New York City but was only recently reported from Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). It has been detected in at least four counties in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA7FFDFFF5059C0FAACFF0B.taxon	description	Notes: It is generally a common bee in the Northeastern United States, including Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDFFF505E8CFE4EFDE5.taxon	description	Notes: Hylaeus saniculae is generally scarce across its wide range (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), but females may be under-recorded due to their similarity to H. mesillae cressonii (Snelling 1970).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDFFF505E8CFE4EFDE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: South Windsor: 21 June 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, f 1, personal collection, det. M. F. Veit 2017, netted in powerline ROW; Tolland Co.: Coventry: “ near Eagleville Dam ”, 7 July 1972, coll. G. I. Stage, m 1, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00032846; Mansfield: “ Chaffeeville ”, 29 September 1973, coll. M. A. Wert, sex unverified, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00032847. Subgenus Metziella Michener	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDFFF505C3DFE55FBC0.taxon	description	Notes: Hylaeus sparsus is generally a rare bee in collections for unknown reasons, but it has been recorded in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, New York City, visiting Apiaceae (J. S. Ascher, unpublished). There are four records for this species in Connecticut, with the most recent (n = 2) collected in a powerline ROW and a woodland.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDFFF505C3DFE55FBC0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Newtown: 1 June 1933, coll. N. Turner, 1 ♂, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00030534; New Haven Co.: Beacon Falls: 14 May 1934, coll. G. H. Plumb, 1 ♂, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00030533; New London Co.: Montville: 41.4325 - 72.23388, 12 – 14 May 2012, coll. B. Gagliardi & N. Schoppmann, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2012, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00050748; 41.43138 - 72.23416, 31 May 2012, coll. M. Gould, N. Schoppmann & V. Bruzzese, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00050749. Subgenus Prosopis Fabricius	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDFFF5058EEFBC1F838.taxon	description	Notes: Hylaeus affinis is thought to be a rather common species, although considerably less so than H. modestus. Its true status is somewhat unclear due to ongoing identification difficulties, especially of females, although recent work by Oram (2018) has helped to clarify morphological identification.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDFFF505ADAFE7FF934.taxon	description	Lotus Masked Bee Notes: This dark form was first reported in Connecticut in Zarrillo & Stoner (2019). Vouchers collected at Grass Island (New Haven County, Guilford, CT) closely resemble H. schwarzii in that the first tergum (T 1) of the abdomen of both the male and female are black or nearly black, however, DNA analysis assigned to BIN AAX 2614 (H. nelumbonis) and certain morphological characters of our specimens, such as the lack of a median, basal elevation on S 3 and S 4 (males) and the presence of a short, flat, finely rugoso-punctate metanotum (females), suggest H. nelumbonis (Zarrillo et al. 2016, Zarrillo & Stoner 2019). Thirteen of our females have a hint of chestnut hue on the base of T 1, while one has the base of T 1 with bright ochraceous mottling, and another base of T 1 with bronze mottling. Our vouchers of uncertain taxonomic status match those described in Ascher et al. (2014), Arduser (2020), and Jacobson (2021), and were collected from field sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis), Queen Anne’s lace (Daucus carota), and common marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) in Connecticut. Further taxonomic study of this unusual form is warranted.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDEFF5059E2FD46FDB0.taxon	description	Notes: The putative male from Connecticut has been rechecked against Mitchell (1960), Oram (2018), and an unpublished key written by Arduser (2020). Our male specimen exhibits the following diagnostic characters: T 1 shiny, very faintly punctate (visible only at 40 x), with T 2 densely punctured and less shiny (visible at 10 ×); hind tibia mostly yellow with a small dark maculation on the posterior surface only. We are accepting this specimen to be H. illinoisensis as understood by the preceding descriptive accounts. This species has been reported from many states and provinces, but it is poorly known, and it is possible that many records are unreliable. Regional Hylaeus illinoisensis males with yellow or mostly yellow hind tibiae are often identified as this based on Mitchell (1960), however they can now be rechecked against Oram (2018) and Arduser (2020) as well for further validation. The species may be associated with wetland areas at least in Manitoba (Gibbs et al. 2023).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA4FFDEFF5059E2FD46FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. See Zarrillo et al. (2016)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA5FFDEFF505C6AFE4FFCD0.taxon	description	Notes: As understood by us this is the most observed Hylaeus in the region, but its status and identification are still rather problematic due to the existence of similar taxa including an unpublished morphospecies (Arduser 2020; Gibbs et al. 2023). Presumptive females are relatively large, have yellow (not white) markings (unlike various exotic Hylaeus in the region), and black tegulae. The latter character has been invoked to support preliminary image-based identification (e. g., at Bugguide and iNaturalist), but the reliability of this and other putative identification criteria requires further testing.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA5FFDEFF505DCAFEF0F8E2.taxon	description	Notes: Connecticut specimens have been restudied by T. A. Zarrillo who has confirmed that the specimens are morphologically distinct from Connecticut H. aff. nelumbonis material. Our two male vouchers of H. schwarzii have the characteristic shining, impunctate, basal median elevation on the third sternite (S 3) as described in Mitchell (1960). We are not able to confirm the elevation on S 4 as it is hidden under S 3. Our three females have the basal area of T 1 piceous, and metanotum long, convex, dull with tessellation, and smooth. Connecticut material morphologically determined as H. schwarzii by experts was sent to York University for DNA barcoding and the queried specimen (and also a putative Maryland H. schwarzii, presumably also another black-colored bee) assigned to BIN: AAX 2614, H. nelumbonis (very close to but not identical to the Mississippi H. nelumboni s and the Connecticut H. aff. nelumbonis). Further integrative taxonomic study is needed to see if red-marked and all-black bees in this complex from Connecticut and elsewhere (e. g., Maryland) are conspecific. If so, this may suggest that H. nelumbonis is variable, with some being all black. Alternative possibilities are that the black putative H. schwarzii from Connecticut and Maryland are a cryptic “ new ” form minimally diverged (for COI) from H. nelumbonis (and the Connecticut “ H. aff. nelumbonis ”). A more complicated interpretation would be that the Connecticut and Maryland “ H. schwarzii ” are H. schwarzii that have acquired H. nelumbonis mt DNA through past hybridization or some other mechanism.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA5FFDEFF505DCAFEF0F8E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: New Haven Co.: Guilford: “ Chaffinch Island Park ”, 41.26470 — 72.67516, 22 August 2009, coll. C. T. Maier, 1 ♂, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2024, UCMS _ ENT 00052699; “ Grass Island ”, 41.267795 - 72.656389, 18 - 19 June 2011, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2024, bee bowl near a marsh, UCMS _ ENT 00052698; 9 July 2011, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2024, netted from Rosa rugosa near a marsh, UCMS _ ENT 00052657; 41.2684, - 72.6609, 18 - 19 June 2011, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♂, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2024, bee bowl on beach dunes, UCMS _ ENT _ 00052690; 7 July 2012, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2024, netted from Rosa rugosa, UCMS _ ENT 00052695. HALICTIDAE	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA5FFD1FF5059F2FE52FE99.taxon	description	Reference: Mitchell (1960) Subgenus Augochlora Smith	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAAFFD1FF505872FD46F95B.taxon	description	Notes: This is by far the most numerous Agapostemon species with green-tailed females away from coastal dune, sandplain, or otherwise sandy sites in the region.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAAFFD1FF505942FEC6F840.taxon	description	Notes: This sand specialist is best known from the coast in the Northeastern United States, thus inland records are notable. Agapostemon splendens has been found in both coastal and sandy inland locations in Connecticut, as far inland as Enfield (Hartford County) on the Massachusetts border in a sandplain remnant, and Mansfield [“ Storrs “] (Tolland County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAAFFD1FF505BC6FD05F9A8.taxon	description	Reference: Portman et al. (2024); Roberts (1972)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAAFFD1FF505F01FDCEFDDF.taxon	description	Notes: This wood-nesting species is widely distributed and numerous across the region and is frequently identified from images. Genus Augochlorella Sandhouse Reference: Coelho (2004); Ordway (1966)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAAFFD1FF505CC7FDD3FBF7.taxon	description	Notes: This is the only Augochlorella species confirmed by us from the Atlantic Coastal states north of central New Jersey, although other species have been reported in both literature (Rothwell & Ginsberg 2019) and online occurrence datasets (Ascher 2016; Droege & Maffei 2023; University of New Hampshire Collection of Insects and other Arthropods 2023; see Problematic species accounts below). Augochlorella aurata was the fifth most abundant bee species in the Grass Island surveys (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019). Genus Augochloropsis Cockerell Reference: Mitchell (1960); Portman et al. (2022) Subgenus Paraugochloropsis Schrottky	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAAFFD1FF505A2FFB89FADC.taxon	description	Notes: The taxonomic status of this species was recently clarified by Portman et al. (2022). Formerly Augochloropsis metallica fulgida sensu Mitchell (in part), this species is now confirmed from New York (type locality), New England, and Eastern Canada (Portman et al. 2022). In Connecticut, this species has been found predominantly in sandplain remnants and locations with a sand / gravel component.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFABFFD0FF505ED5FD34FE41.taxon	description	Notes: Portman et al. (2024) reinstated this taxon from synonymy with Agapostemon texanus (sensu Roberts 1977). All Agapostemon texanus records from the Northeastern United States can be attributed to Agapostemon subtilior, since confirmed records of Agapostemon texanus are limited to the Central United States with known eastern range limits extending from Minnesota to Louisiana and Mississippi. Agapostemon subtilior is expected to be more localized than is A. sericeus in the Northeastern United States and may be most numerous at sandy sites. In Connecticut this species is best known from powerline ROW, inland sandplain remnants and locations with a sand / gravel component, and in coastal scrub.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFABFFD0FF505C59FE5CFC59.taxon	description	Notes: This species is best known from agricultural locations around the state (53 % of total records), with 39 % of total records coming from the glycol cup traps used in the Connecticut Bee Monitoring Program (unpublished, see Introduction). This species is easily recognizable on community science portals (especially the female) and is the 7 th most observed species in Connecticut on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 630955 & view = species) despite difficulties in identifying males. Genus Halictus Latreille Reference: Mitchell (1960) Subgenus Nealictus Pesenko	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFABFFD0FF505A41FD93FAAA.taxon	description	Notes: The genus Halictus is represented by four species in Connecticut, with H. parallelus being the largest in size, and perhaps the most restricted due to its association with sandy habitats. It is expected to be localized, and in Connecticut has been found in powerline ROW, inland sandplain remnants, grasslands, and on agricultural land. Subgenus Odontalictus Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFABFFD0FF505B6CFDADF984.taxon	description	Notes: By far the most encountered Halictus in the state of Connecticut, and the third most observed bee species in Connecticut on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? d 1 = 1924 - 09 - 01 & place _ id = 49 & sub view = table & taxon _ id = 630955 & view = species). Subgenus Protohalictus Pesenko	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFABFFD3FF50581FFDB3FF0A.taxon	description	Notes: Availability of more than one thousand recent community science records from the Northeastern United States (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 52339,42,48,51 & subview = map & taxon _ id = 127747) including 45 from diverse sites across New Hampshire may lead one to question an assessment that this species is “ declining ” in that state (Matthiasson & Rehan 2019). There were 76 unique collection events for this species in Connecticut after 2000, and 65 unique collection events before 1999, suggesting that the status of this species in Connecticut is stable (formal rank not yet assigned). Subgenus Seladonia Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA8FFD3FF505E8CFE46FD96.taxon	description	Notes: This Holarctic species is widespread and common in Connecticut and regionally. Genus Lasioglossum Curtis Reference: Gardener & Gibbs (2022, 2023); Gibbs (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012); Gibbs et al. (2013); McGinley (1986) Subgenus Dialictus Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA8FFD3FF505C08FB58FD46.taxon	description	Notes: Habitat associations for this species in Connecticut include agricultural land, a suburban neighborhood, and beach dunes. Its status and identification were clarified by Gibbs (2010, 2011).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA8FFD3FF505D58FC49FBD9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut: Litchfield Co.: Colebrook, 1 - 7 September, W. M. Wheeler (USNM). Notes: There are only nine records for this species in the state, including the type and the one reported in Viereck et al. (1916) [as Halictus albipennis Robertson], collected in New Haven (New Haven County) on 17 June 1905. Known habitat associations include agricultural land and beach dunes.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA8FFD3FF505AC1FC16FAED.taxon	description	Notes: Lasioglossum anomalum is unevenly distributed but locally numerous, with 87 % percent of records for this species (n = 214) in Connecticut collected at the CAES experimental farm in Hamden (New Haven County) from various projects, including a study of alternative floral resources.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA8FFD3FF505B35FE70F9F1.taxon	description	Notes: Lasioglossum bruneri has been found throughout most of Connecticut (except Windham County) in habitats such as powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, agricultural land, beach dunes, marsh, and grassy fields. It is a known urban associate.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA8FFD3FF505829FCB3F8D9.taxon	description	Notes: Although a specimen voucher was not able to be reconfirmed by the time of publication, we are including this species because we do know that the specimen was determined by J. S. Ascher and confirmed by J. Gibbs and was located within the collections of P. Gambino. We include Fairfield County for this species as P. Gambino collected primarily in the town of Greenwich.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA8FFD2FF5059C1FBF8FF43.taxon	description	Notes: Milam et al. (2022) have found this wood-nesting species to be strongly associated with the forest mid-story and canopy in Massachusetts. It has been found in Connecticut forests, as well as powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, an arboretum, a coastal wildlife preserve, and agricultural land.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA9FFD2FF505F54FEF8FD8F.taxon	description	Notes: The first known record of this species in Connecticut was captured on borage (Borago officinalis) in a floral preference study in 2004 at CAES Lockwood Farm, with subsequent detections in powerline rights of way documented in Wagner et al. (2014 a) and in a grassland near an airport (H. Baranowski unpublished data.). This southern species reaches its northeastern range limits in Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) and is uncommon in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA9FFD2FF505C10FD89FC93.taxon	description	Notes: This species is widespread in Connecticut and can be found in many habitats such as agricultural land, powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, inland wetlands, coastal wildlife management areas, meadows, beach dunes, and suburban neighborhoods.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA9FFD2FF505D04FBE9FAE2.taxon	description	Notes: Although this species was not reported from Connecticut in Gardner & Gibbs (2023), recent surveys have detected this species in Hartford and Windham counties in Connecticut. With further study more examples of the northern L. ellisiae, may be verified, especially from places such as Litchfield County, mixed in with its cryptic but more southern-distributed sister species L. tegulare. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ephialtum Gibbs, 2010 Nightmarish Metallic-Sweat Bee Notes: The first known records in Connecticut for this recently described species (Gibbs 2010) are two females that were found burrowing in a window box in West Haven (New Haven County) on 26 May 1946. Lasioglossum ephialtum was the most abundant species captured in the Grass Island bee survey (n = 1,082) (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019) and has been found throughout the state (except for Tolland County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA9FFD2FF505B35FD89F94A.taxon	description	Notes: This uncommon species was recently documented in Connecticut in a sand plain at Windham Airport.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA9FFD2FF505B35FD89F94A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Windham Co.: Willimantic: 10 May 2023, coll. H. Baranowski, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2023, netted from Potentilla canadensis; 41.7497 - 72.1789, 22 May 2023, coll. D. L. Wagner, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2023, pan trap in pine barren; 7 July 2023, coll. H. Baranowski, 41.7505 - 72.1818, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2023, netted from Baptisia tinctoria.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA9FFD5FF50594DFE12FF42.taxon	description	Notes: The only record for this uncommon species in Connecticut was a female collected in a sandplain remnant [originally determined as L. supraclypeatum (Mitchell, 1960) by S. Droege, now considered a junior synonym (Gibbs 2011)].	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFA9FFD5FF50594DFE12FF42.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: Wallingford: “ Toelles Rd., Cytech Corp. ”, 41.43194 - 72.84, 31 May 2000, coll. J. Smith & D. Martin, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. S. Droege 2006 and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00027367.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAEFFD5FF505F54FBEBFDB5.taxon	description	Notes: This species, recently described from a specimen collected in a gravel pit in Massachusetts, is associated with sandy habitats (Gibbs 2011). A Connecticut paratype (AMNH _ BEE 00141892) reported in Gibbs (2011) has a correct collection date of 11 May 1971, not 1 May 1973. This species has been collected in Connecticut in a coastal preserve on beach dunes and near coastal scrub (Zarrillo & Stoner 2019).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAEFFD5FF505C6DFCE8FD65.taxon	description	Notes: This recently described species has been collected in powerline ROW, agricultural land, suburban neighborhoods, and a coastal wildlife preserve in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAEFFD5FF505CBEFDB7FC4C.taxon	description	Notes: Most records (n = 30, 88 %) were collected before the year 2004, with scant information about habitat or floral associations. The most recent specimens were collected in a limestone quarry, powerline ROW near a vegetable farm, and a pollinator garden near agricultural land. We follow Gardner and Gibbs (2022) in treating the specific epithet as nondeclinable.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAEFFD5FF505A57FE4AFAEE.taxon	description	Notes: This recently described species is notable due to past confusion with other species, such as L. a dmirandum (Gibbs 2010) and other members of the L. viridatum species group. The first record we could trace for Connecticut was collected in Mansfield, “ Gurleyville ” (Tolland County) on 6 May 1972 by A. G. Thornton, and it has subsequently been found in five other counties. This species has been captured on powerline ROW, agricultural land, sandplain remnants, grassland, the edge of a swamp, and a marsh. Corbin et al. (2021) suggest that L. hitchensi exhibits a bivoltine phenology.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAEFFD5FF505B31FCADF9FD.taxon	description	Notes: This southern species reaches its northern range limit in Massachusetts (Lerman & Milam 2016) and is not common in Connecticut. It has been found in habitats such as sandplain remnants, agricultural land, suburban neighborhoods, and a coastal wildlife preserve.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAEFFD5FF505826FE40F8AF.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in agricultural land, sandplain remnants, quarries, grassy fields, and inland wetlands in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAEFFD4FF505977FB3BFF42.taxon	description	Notes: This uncommon species is known in Connecticut from 14 female specimens, five captured in a pollinator garden at the CAES experimental farm (Lockwood Farm) in Hamden (New Haven County), one captured on the CAES main campus in New Haven (New Haven County), and eight captured on powerline ROW in South Windsor (Hartford County) and Ellington (Tolland County). It has been suggested that this species may have an association with sandplains or former gravel pits (Gibbs 2011; Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF505F54FC93FE7D.taxon	description	Notes: This species is scarce in Connecticut, with only seven known occurrences from habitats such as sandplain remnants, agricultural land, and near a reservoir.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF505FA5FED5FD64.taxon	description	Notes: This common species seems to be found in more diverse habitats than its lookalike, L. pilosum, with which it has been historically confused. In Connecticut L. leucocomus has been captured in powerline ROW, sandy coastal areas, grassy fields, sandplain remnants, meadows, suburban neighborhoods, agricultural land, and wildlife management areas.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF505CBFFEFEFC16.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been found in habitats such as sandplain remnants, agricultural land, and a coastal wildlife refuge.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF505D88FD46FB63.taxon	description	Notes: There are only two records for this parasitic species in Connecticut, a male collected on 19 August 2004 and a female collected on 20 September 2010, both captured at the CAES experimental farm in Hamden (New Haven County). We follow Gardner and Gibbs (2022) in treating the specific epithet as nondeclinable.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF505D88FD46FB63.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. See Zarrillo et al. (2016)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF505ABBFDDEF983.taxon	description	Notes: This striking, uncommon bee is a sand dune specialist restricted to the coast of the eastern United States from Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) to Alabama (Gibbs 2011), and has been found in Connecticut at intertidal beaches and shores along the coast (unpublished). In Connecticut this species has been collected on American sea-rocket (Cakile edentula) and Carolina sea-lavender (Limonium carolinianum), plants which are specific to beach dunes and intertidal flats, and on beach rose (Rosa rugosa), a non-native plant which has become naturalized in the Connecticut landscape.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF50581BFD26F8DD.taxon	description	Notes: There are four records in Connecticut for this uncommon parasitic species, captured at Grass Island Preserve, Guilford (New Haven County), on the beach dunes and coastal scrub on 30 April 2011, 23 July 2011, and 16 September 2012.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD4FF50581BFD26F8DD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. See Zarrillo et al. (2016)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFAFFFD7FF5059C5FE4FFF43.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in habitats such as sandplain remnants, powerline ROW, and agricultural land, and has been captured visiting chervil (Anthriscus sp.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), and sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFACFFD7FF505F54FDE7FD8F.taxon	description	Notes: Our specimens match Mitchell (1960) and Gibbs (2010, 2011), however the type specimen of L. oblongum is lost. This was one of the most abundant species collected in Zarrillo & Stoner (2019) (n = 436). The series collected from Grass Island were determined by J. Gibbs, S. Droege, and T. A. Zarrillo, and while it is uncertain if they are true L. oblongum as described by Lovell (1905), our specimens are distinct from L. obscurum, L. abanci sensu Gibbs, and L. planatum.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFACFFD7FF505C10FDBDFCBF.taxon	description	Notes: This species is not well known in Connecticut and has been found on agricultural land only on five farms in three different counties.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFACFFD7FF505D60FC8DFC43.taxon	description	Notes: This species, reported by Mitchell (1960) as Dialictus nymphaearum (see Gibbs 2010, Gibbs et al. 2017), is common across Connecticut and has been found in habitats such as sandplain remnants, agricultural land, meadows, coastal parks, grassy fields, and powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFACFFD7FF595A54FEA2FAAB.taxon	description	Notes: This species is only known in Connecticut from seven records, with the most recent collected by K. Urban-Mead on black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia sp.) along a roadside adjacent to a conifer forest in 2013. This species has also been collected in habitats such as a sandplain remnant, a town park with a heavy forest component, and a state forest.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFACFFD7FF505B6CFCDEF9CB.taxon	description	Notes: Our locality records for females of this species strongly concur with the sand / gravel habitat association suggested in Goldstein & Ascher (2016) and (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). At least 79 % of female specimen records come from habitats such as inland and coastal dunes, quarries, sandplain remnants, powerline ROW, or other locations known to have a large sand / gravel component in their soils (such as local airports and land in the central Connecticut River Valley and the eastern outwash plains). Connecticut males have not yet been consistently separated from its sister species L. leucocomus with confidence.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFACFFD7FF5058CCFC25F833.taxon	description	Notes: There are six known records of this uncommon species in Connecticut, five collected in powerline ROW by M. F. Veit in 2017 in South Windsor (Hartford County) and Ellington (Tolland County), and one captured during a BioBlitz in Tarrrywile Park in 2001 in Danbury (Fairfield County). The name of this species has been recently resurrected from synonomy with L. oblongum (Gibbs 2010).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFD6FF505BB2FD00F8B7.taxon	description	Notes: This species is common in Connecticut and has been collected in powerline ROW, grassy fields, agricultural land, coastal areas, suburban neighborhoods, and meadows. The type series comprising syntypes from Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Montana, California, and Mexico, was surely composite, and even after selection of Connecticut as the lectotype locality (Cresson, 1928) it has been much-confused with other species in the L. gemmatum complex, especially L. ellisiae.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFD6FF505ED5FC67FE35.taxon	description	Notes: This uncommon parasitic species has been found at the following three locations in Connecticut: the New Haven campus of the CAES (New Haven County), the CAES experimental farm in Hamden (New Haven County), and in a meadow at the White Memorial Conservation Center in Litchfield (Litchfield County). We follow Gardner and Gibbs (2022) in treating the specific epithet as nondeclinable.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFD6FF505FEDFC16FD1D.taxon	description	Notes: This uncommon species was detected in the Mount Carmel neighborhood of Hamden (New Haven County) in 1915, and again in 2003 on the sandy grounds surrounding Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks (Hartford County) in Connecticut. Interestingly, H. Baranowski found L. pruinosum in 2023 on the sandy grounds near the Windham Airport in Willimantic (Windham County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFD6FF505C85FD82FCCD.taxon	description	Notes: In Connecticut this species has been collected on agricultural land, suburban neighborhoods, a cedar swamp, and a coastal wildlife refuge.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFD6FF505DD5FE29FB35.taxon	description	Notes: This wood-nesting species was commonly misidentified as L. oblongum (Lovell) prior to Gibbs (2010, 2011). Our specimens that predate those publications have been re-examined and verified by J. Gibbs. Lasioglossum subviridatum has been collected on agricultural land, powerline ROW, forest, and a coastal wildlife refuge in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFD6FF505AEDFBF9FAE5.taxon	description	Notes: Lasioglossum taylore is not well known in Connecticut, detected only in 1959 (n = 1) and 2017 (n = 8), the latter being collected in powerline ROW and a forest (Wagner et al. 2019).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFC9FF50596FFDEAFEFA.taxon	description	Notes: Lasioglossum timothyi is also not well known in Connecticut, however it was fairly abundant at the Montague Plains WMA (Franklin County) in Massachusetts (J. Milam pers. comm.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFADFFC9FF50596FFDEAFEFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: 41.33083 - 72.91972, 15 March – 5 April 2016, coll. M. Lowry, 1 ♀, CAES, det. S. Droege 2017 and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00075428; Tolland Co.: Ellington: 41.908 - 72.508, 15 June 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♀, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, UCMS _ ENT 00082285; 1 ♀, personal collection, det. M. F. Veit; 17 July 2017, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♀, personal collection, det. M. F. Veit.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB2FFC9FF595F1CFCB2FD1B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: Hamden: “ Lockwood Farm, 890 Evergreen Avenue ”, 41.40583 - 72.90472, 6 July 2021, coll. J. Durrell, 1 ♀, CAES, det. M. F. Veit 2021 and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, netted from Castanea seguinii, UCMS _ ENT 00077625.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB2FFC9FF505CFCFC0DFBBD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut: Litchfield Co.: Colebrook, 1 - 7 September, W. M. Wheeler (USNM). Notes: This species has been found in habitats such as powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, forests, cedar swamps, agricultural land, and a coastal wildlife refuge in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB2FFC9FF505A65FD1AFAA5.taxon	description	Notes: Historic material at CAES has been rechecked for possible L. trigeminum and L. callidum, however Connecticut material at AMNH, YPM, UCMS, and MCZ needs to be re-examined. This species is common in Connecticut and has been found in habitats such as powerline ROW, grassy fields, inland wetlands, coastal locations, sandplain remnants, and wildflower meadows.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB2FFC9FF505B7DFE9DFA55.taxon	description	Notes: Lasioglossum vierecki, a sand specialist, is commonly found in open, sandy locations in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB2FFC9FF50584DFEDBF959.taxon	description	Notes: This species is likely under-recorded as it belongs to a taxonomically challenging complex. Confirmed records have been collected in habitats such as a small, diversified farm, coastal marsh, beach dunes, and coastal scrub.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB2FFC9FF505941FD25F809.taxon	description	Notes: This species is commonly caught in Connecticut in habitats such as suburban neighborhoods, agricultural land, meadows, and coastal parks.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB3FFC8FF505ED5FE46FE1E.taxon	description	Notes: In addition to agricultural areas, Lasioglossum zephyrus has also been found in sandplain remnants and suburban neighborhoods in Connecticut. We follow Gardner and Gibbs (2022) in treating the specific epithet as nondeclinable. Subgenus Evylaeus Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB3FFC8FF505F80FD9CFD17.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been found in habitats such as grassy fields, coastal wildlife refuge, pollinator garden, and sandplain remnants in Connecticut. Subgenus Hemihalictus Cockerell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB3FFC8FF505C8FFD31FC7F.taxon	description	Notes: Halictus (Evylaeus) quadrimaculatus Robertson sensu Viereck et al. (1916), noted as occurring all over the state, likely included L. birkmanni, but confusion with true L. macoupinense sensu Gibbs et al. (2013) [= divergen s] is likely (see entry for the latter taxon below). Lasioglossum birkmanni has been collected in state parks, forests, and powerline ROW in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB3FFC8FF505DA7FC8AFB2F.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been found throughout the state in habitats such as powerline ROW, agricultural land, upland forest, coastal areas, and near inland wetlands.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB3FFC8FF505AF7FDEEFA17.taxon	description	Notes: The only record for this northern species in Connecticut was published in Gibbs et al. (2013) from Litchfield County. Regional specimens were cited by Mitchell (1960) as Evylaeus rufitarse (Cockerell) and other authors as Lasioglossum rufitarse (Zetterstedt) prior to Gibbs et al. (2013), which recognized this Holarctic species as distinct from Nearctic L. inconditum.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB3FFCBFF505B8FFE2EFEFB.taxon	description	= Halictus 4 - maculatus Robertson, 1890: 117 (replaced by Halictus macoupinensis Robertson, 1895, due to primary homonymy with Halictus quadricinctus Schenck, 1853] Connecticut lectotype of Halictus 4 - maculatus designated by Cresson, 1928). Synonymy by Gibbs et al. (2013). Lectotype. Female USA: Connecticut: New Haven Co.: Waterbury, 9 July 1879, W. H. Patton (ANSP). Notes: Lasioglossum macoupinense sensu Gibbs et al. (2013) [= Evylaeus divergens (Lovell) sensu Mitchell, 1960], has a longer head than the otherwise similar L. birkmanni [= Evylaeus macoupinensis (Robertson) sensu Mitchell, 1960] and a generally more northern but broadly overlapping distribution. Gibbs et al. (2013) found that the type series Halictus 4 - maculatus Robertson, 1890, was composite, comprising example of both of the abovementioned taxa, and that Cresson (1928) had designated a long-headed bee from Connecticut as the lectotype of H. 4 - maculatus (evidently overlooking Robertson’s replacement name Halictus macoupinense). Choice of Connecticut not Illinois as the lectotype locality contradicted the original description of H. 4 - maculatus as a broad-headed bee with the clypeus “ hardly produced ” and also contradicted the etymology of the replacement name, referencing Macoupin County, Illinois [only short-headed L. birkmanni was reported by Gibbs et al. (2013) from Illinois, and Macoupin County appears to be south of the predicted range of the long-headed taxon]. Here we follow Gibbs et al. (2013) and subsequent authors in using the name L. macoupinense for the long-headed bee best known historically as Evylaeus divergens.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCBFF505F1CFB9AFD8F.taxon	description	Notes: This distinctive species has been collected in a sandplain remnant, an arboretum, and sandy areas near agricultural land in Connecticut. Lasioglossum nelumbonis is newly confirmed for New Hampshire in an observation on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 131811071).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCBFF505C10FA21FC48.taxon	description	Notes: Britton & Viereck (1906) reported a single record of this Physalis specialist [as Halictus pectinatus Robertson] on American gooseberry (Ribes oxyacanthoides), and this species was later reported for Connecticut in Mitchell (1960). Likely under-collected due to its host specialization (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), this species was not detected in Connecticut again until 2020 when C. T. Maier conducted a targeted search for this species on Physalis blooms.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCBFF505C10FA21FC48.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Salisbury: “ 0.13 km NE jct. US Hwy. 44 and Sunrise Ridge Rd. ”, 42.00590 - 73.36781, 16 July 2020, coll. C. T. Maier, 4 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2022, netted from Physalis heterophylla, CAES _ HYM 00018841, CAES _ HYM 00018842, CAES _ HYM 00018843, CAES _ HYM 00018844.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCBFF505A52FDB8FAA5.taxon	description	Notes: This species is very common throughout Connecticut, found in habitats such as agricultural land, quarries, sandplain remnants, grassy fields, powerline ROW, coastal preserves, inland wetlands, and university plantings. Subgenus Lasioglossum Curtis	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCBFF505B7DFB69FA4A.taxon	description	Notes: Females of this species have been netted from fire cherry (Prunus penyslvanica) and wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) in Connecticut, in habitats such as powerline ROW and sandplain remnants.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCBFF50584DFE54F8FB.taxon	description	Notes: There are two Connecticut records reported for this species in McGinley (1986) (Litchfield and Tolland Counties), and we also found a digitized record of a singleton collected in Storrs (Tolland County) from 1928 which was originally determined by McGinley (subsequently restudied by J. S. Ascher in 2008).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCBFF50584DFE54F8FB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Tolland Co.: Mansfield: “ Storrs ”, 1928, coll. “ Christen ”, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00030727.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB0FFCAFF50591CFC8AFF6F.taxon	description	Notes: This common species has been found throughout Connecticut in many diverse habitats, including powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, and agricultural land.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB1FFCAFF505EB0FDA1FDB8.taxon	description	Notes: Connecticut is located close to the northeastern range limit of this species (McGinley 1986). Seventy percent of our specimen records (n = 43) have been collected in the southern coastal counties of Connecticut, in habitats such as powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, and a coastal wildlife refuge. Subgenus Leuchalictus Warncke	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB1FFCAFF505C62FE67FD4C.taxon	description	Notes: This exotic bee is widespread and relatively common throughout Connecticut. It has been collected in habitats such as powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, meadows, agricultural land, urban areas, pollinator gardens, and a coastal wildlife refuge.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB1FFCAFF505D56FD85FBFD.taxon	description	Notes: Since Zarrillo et al. (2016), four more females of this exotic bee have been collected in Connecticut, two on the campus of the University of Bridgeport (Fairfield County) in 2018, and two at the White Memorial Conservation Center in Litchfield (Litchfield County) in 2019. We follow Gibbs et al. (2023) in treating the specific epithet as nondeclinable. Subgenus Sphecodogastra Ashmead	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB1FFCAFF505A25FE9DFA81.taxon	description	Notes: This specialist of evening primrose (Oenothera sp.) (Hurd 1979) has been collected in sandplain remnants, agricultural land, forest, a pollinator meadow, a suburban neighborhood, and a coastal wildlife refuge in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB1FFCAFF505B19FC52F9B6.taxon	description	Notes: This species is commonly found across Connecticut in habitats such as powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, inland wetlands, state forests, agricultural land, and coastal areas.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB1FFCAFF505869FE73F8F4.taxon	description	Notes: This species is known only historically from Connecticut, having twenty-four specimen records with years spanning 1904 – 1933. Genus Sphecodes Latreille Reference: Mitchell (1960)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB1FFCDFF50592EFEB9FE85.taxon	description	Notes: This species is near its northern range limit in Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), and has been confused historically with more northern, but widely overlapping, S. ranunculi Robertson (Giles & Ascher 2006). In Connecticut this species has been collected in places such as sandplain remnants, sandy agricultural sites, powerline ROW, and in several groves of mixed forests containing coniferous and broad-leaved trees near inland wetlands.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB6FFCDFF505F1EFD82FD8B.taxon	description	Notes: This species is difficult to identify based on structural characters, but many examples are so tiny as to rule out most other regional species. In Connecticut it has been detected in sandplain remnants, powerline ROW, agricultural fields, and coastal dunes.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB6FFCDFF505C0CFAB0FD45.taxon	description	Notes: This species is expected in the fall visiting goldenrods in association with its host Perdita octomaculata (Eickwort 1977). It has been found in sandplain remnants and near the edge of a pond in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB6FFCDFF505D5DFE02FB66.taxon	description	Notes: Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]) and Gibbs et al. (2017 a) note that this species may be associated with sandy sites where its likely host Lasioglossum vierecki is present. In Connecticut, we have found both species present in bee bowls deployed on the same dates at two sandy locations.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB6FFCDFF505D5DFE02FB66.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Waterford: “ Vauxhall Rd. ”, 41.41428 - 72.16155, 1 – 13 May 2007, coll. N. Bricker & D. L. Wagner, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2007, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00023619; Griswold, “ CAES Research Center, 190 Sheldon Road ”, 41.56333 - 71.87722, 6 – 20 July 2016, coll. R. Durgy, 1 ♀, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00075524; 23 July – 7 August 2012, coll. R. Durgy, 1 ♀, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00075525; see also Zarrillo et al. (2016).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB6FFCDFF505AB8FD59F983.taxon	description	Notes: This species is reported for Connecticut in Mitchell (1960) and is likely under-recorded due to identification challenges with its congener Sphecodes prosphorus Lovell and Cockerell (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). There are six putative specimens of this species collected in 1968 in Litchfield County in Connecticut that are deposited at UCFC, identified by S. M. Fullerton, and two additional female specimens that were bowl trapped in a sandy location at the CAES research station in Griswold (New London County) between 10 – 24 June 2015, tentatively identified by T. A. Zarrillo and M. F. Veit.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB6FFCDFF50581BFE0AF8B2.taxon	description	Notes: Sphecodes confertus is a rather distinctive and fairly numerous species, best known from sandplain remnants in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB6FFCDFF505965FDF1F840.taxon	description	Notes: Sphecodes coronus is poorly understood historically, but now believed to be one of the more common small-bodied Sphecodes in the region. In Connecticut it has been found in sandplain remnants, a coastal preserve, agricultural land, and powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF505ED5FB08FEFD.taxon	description	Notes: Females of this species are hard to identify, and historical records may need to be restudied. Habitat associations in Connecticut include agricultural land, a coastal scrub, and sandplain remnants.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF505F25FC55FD81.taxon	description	Notes: This parasite of Agapostemon species is often found on goldenrod in the fall. The female was widely reported as Sphecodes persimilis prior to recent documentation of synonymies (Gibbs et al. 2017 a). Best known from sandplain remnants and sparsely vegetated sandy areas in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF505C19FE7EFC95.taxon	description	Notes: Sphecode dichrous is a rather widespread and notably large species. In Connecticut it has been collected in habitats such as powerline ROW, a quarry top, grasslands, sandplain remnants, and a meadow at the edge of a deciduous forest.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF505D0DFB9BFB73.taxon	description	Notes: This species was overlooked by historical workers but is now known from several states in the region (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). Collection locations in Connecticut include a wildlife management area in Vernon (Tolland County) and the White Memorial Conservation Center in Litchfield (Litchfield County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF505D0DFB9BFB73.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Litchfield: 41.72053 - 73.21095, 9 – 23 September 2014, coll. J. Fischer, 1 ♀, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00075523; Tolland Co.: Vernon: “ Tankerhoosen WMA ”, 41.82667 - 72.47722, 23 May 2012, coll. F. Morrison, 3 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2013, UCMS _ ENT 00055459, UCMS _ ENT 00055460, UCMS _ ENT 00055461.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF505AA4FC45FA22.taxon	description	Notes: Mitchell (1960) reported this species for Connecticut, but we have not been able to trace any details and its status and distribution requires clarification (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF505BF4FEECF90A.taxon	description	Notes: This is a distinctive species due to the large knob on its vertex. It is widespread in the Northeastern United States, excluding far northern sites, but not especially common. In Connecticut Sphecodes heraclei heraclei has been found in powerline ROW, a coastal wildlife refuge, agricultural land, and a meadow at the edge of a deciduous forest.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB7FFCCFF50588CFE35F872.taxon	description	Notes: Two male paratypes collected by W. M. Wheeler in Colebrook (Litchfield County) on 3 August 1919 and 5 September 1919 are described in Mitchell (1956) and are deposited at MCZ (MCZ: Ent: 30467). There are few reports of this rare taxon by subsequent workers, although a male was recently reported in Minnesota (Portman et al. 2023).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB4FFCFFF505ED5FF43FED1.taxon	description	Notes: This is a regularly found but rather localized species, with most Connecticut specimens collected on the sandy grounds at the CAES research stations in Windsor (n = 30, 50 % of total) and Griswold (n = 27, 45 % of total).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB4FFCFFF505FC9FB2CFD12.taxon	description	Notes: S phecodes johnsonii was described from Fall River, Massachusetts and is relatively well known in New York State, from which the male was recently described (Ascher et al. 2014). It occurs in New England but also occurs widely in Maritime Canada and Quebec, as well as locally in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern states (including Michigan, Gibbs et al. 2 017 a). Collection locations for this species in Connecticut include powerline ROW, agricultural land, the edge of a pond, and an urban pollinator planting near the coast.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB4FFCFFF505C84FB97FC27.taxon	description	Notes: This is a scarce species with a northern distribution that is similar to S. townesi (Giles & Ascher 2006). In Connecticut it has been collected in powerline ROW in northern New London County and in various locations in the northwest corner of the state, including near the edge of a swamp.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB4FFCFFF505DF8FE2EFB2B.taxon	description	Notes: Although there are few records for Sphecodes mandibularis in Connecticut (n = 13), it has been found in a variety of habitats, including inland dunes, a quarry ridge, grasslands, agricultural land, powerline ROW, and a coastal preserve.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB4FFCFFF505AECFDC8F9F5.taxon	description	Notes: This species is not well known in Connecticut; however historical material has been vetted, including a specimen collected in Stafford (Tolland County) by W. E. Britton in 1905.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB4FFCFFF505AECFDC8F9F5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: Manchester: 4 August 1933, coll. unknown, 1 ♂, CAES, det. S. Droege 2008 and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, UCMS _ ENT 00029085; Suffield: “ West Suffield ”, 42.0119 - 72.745, 18 – 19 June 2009, coll. S. Deford, 1 ♂, UNHP, det. J. S. Ascher, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00038923; 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00038924; New Haven Co.: New Haven: 4 July 1942, coll. “ J. C. S. ”, 1 ♀, CAES, J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00027859; Tolland Co.: Stafford: 24 August 1905, coll. W. E. Britton, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00027858.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB4FFCEFF5058A3FC23FF6F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut: Litchfield Co.: Colebrook, 3 August 1922, W. M. Wheeler (MCZ). Notes: The holotype for this species lacks appressed tomentum on the face, with facial hairs simple and erect, and with overall scant pubescence and weak punctation, resembling the female of S. smilacinae (M. Arduser pers. comm.). Interestingly, Gibbs et al. (2023) also suggest male S. nigricorpus may be associated with the female of S. smilacinae. Sphecodes nigricorpus was recently discovered in Michigan in 2021 during a survey of bees in Lakeplain Prairie and Prairie Fen natural communities by Rowe et al. (2022), and in Minnesota at Two Rivers Aspen Parkland Scientific and Natural Areas in 2021 (Portman et al. 2023).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFCEFF505ABBFDEAFA3E.taxon	description	Reference: Dumesh & Sheffield (2012)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFCEFF505BE0FE1EF8BD.taxon	description	Notes: This species was historically unknown from Connecticut until its detection in Litchfield County by C. T. Maier in 2009. This species is now known to occur at six locations within the towns of Canaan, North Canaan, and Salisbury (Litchfield County). Females of this species have been collected in Connecticut on its preferred host plant, wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), and also spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe), while males have been collected while patrolling catnip (Nepetia cataria) and wild bergamot. This species has been found on roadside stands of its host plant, along field edges, in a pollinator meadow planting on school grounds, and a powerline ROW near a limestone quarry.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFCEFF505EB0FB1BFE51.taxon	description	Notes: The first records we could trace for this species in Connecticut were reported in Mitchell (1956) as Sphecodes wheeleri Mitchell, a taxon recognized by M. Arduser as the associated male (synonymy formalized by Gibbs et al. 2017 a). The seven available specimens, all collected by W. M. Wheeler in Colebrook (Litchfield County) from 1919 to 1922, are deposited at MCZ, including a paratype (MCZ: Ent: 30462),.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFCEFF505C49FEACFD00.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported for Connecticut in Mitchell (1960), but we have not been able to trace any details.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFCEFF505C9AFC1AFC33.taxon	description	Notes: This is a rather common, distinctively slender bee, expected both at northern sites and also more southern ones where it can occur together with the similar S. aroniae.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFCEFF505DEBFE12FB60.taxon	description	Notes: This species is likely under-recorded due to its similarity to Sphecodes levis Lovell and Cockerell. There are two additional specimen records from Litchfield County that we accept but were unable to confirm ourselves.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFCEFF505DEBFE12FB60.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Windham Co.: Ashford: 18 June 1936, coll. N. Turner, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00030532.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB5FFC1FF505966FEC7FF0A.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected from its host plant pickerelweed (Pontedaria cordata) in Connecticut. Habitat associations in Connecticut include a sphagnum bog, inland lake shores, and the edge of a sandplain remnant adjacent to the Farmington River. MEGACHILIDAE	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBAFFC1FF505E93FD9BFE75.taxon	description	Genus Anthidiellum Cockerell Reference: Urban (2001) Subgenus Loyolanthidium Urban	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBAFFC1FF505FADFDBCFC29.taxon	description	Notes: This relatively scarce native bee is quite localized this far north. Historically it has been found in New Haven (New Haven County) as early as 1905, with later records (> 2000) coming from habitats such as sandplain remnants, forests, powerline ROW, and wildlife management areas. Portman et al. (2023) recently raised Anthidiellum notatum boreale to species. Genus Anthidium Fabricius Reference: Gonzalez & Griswold (2013); Litman et al. (2016); Warncke (1980) Subgenus Anthidium Fabricius	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBAFFC1FF505DF1FD58FB75.taxon	description	Notes: This adventive bee was first discovered in the United States in Central New York State in 1963 (Jaycox 1967). The first known record for this species in Connecticut was captured by J. S. Ascher on 7 September 2002 in Fairfield County. Maier (2005) subsequently detected this species again by chance in 2004 in the coastal town of East Lyme, New London County, near the junction of State Route 156 and Liberty Way. It has since been found in every county within the state (Maier 2009).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBAFFC1FF505AADFDA4F929.taxon	description	Notes: This bee is a relatively recent addition to the exotic bee fauna of the United States and now very widespread across eastern North America and beyond. The first known Connecticut record is from New Haven County, collected in a malaise trap in a grassy strip between an apple orchard and an old field with trees and shrubs on 16 August 1996 by C. T. Maier. Genus Dianthidium Cockerell Reference: Litman et al. (2016); Mitchell (1962) Subgenus Dianthidium Cockerell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBAFFC0FF5058F1FD4CFF50.taxon	description	Notes: This bee species was reported from Connecticut as Anthidium simile in Cresson (1864 a) with no additional information. It is a rarely recorded bee, especially in New England where records are widely scattered. Community science records from iNaturalist show that this species persists south along the Maine Coast to at least Cape Elizabeth in Cumberland County (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 52339 & subview = map & taxon _ id = 452980), but there are no recent records from Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) or elsewhere in Southern New England (or New York) and the species should be considered of great conservation interest. Genus Pseudoanthidium Friese Reference: Litman et al. (2016); Portman et al. (2019)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBBFFC0FF505F4BFD3AFCA0.taxon	description	Notes: The presence of this European bee in Connecticut has been documented in three counties by six photo observations on iNaturalist, all urban locations (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & taxon _ id = 499394). This exotic species (see Figure 2, A) has also been recently detected for the first time in Rhode Island on iNaturalist in 2021 (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 91111117). Pseudoanthidium nanum is easily identified from photos in its exotic range, as its black tegula differentiates it from other visually similar Anthidiini in the Northeastern United States, especially Anthidium oblongatum. Thus, digital community science portals are a valuable tool for tracking how this species is spreading in the region. Genus Stelis Panzer Reference: Mitchell (1962); Parker & Bohart (1979) Subgenus Dolichostelis Parker & Bohart	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBBFFC0FF595D7BFE09FBFD.taxon	description	Notes: This highly recognizable cleptoparasitic species has 37 photo observations from Connecticut on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 313243), whereas only six physical specimens have been located and examined. Subgenus Stelis Panzer	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBBFFC0FF595A25FEB4FA06.taxon	description	Notes: A female was captured in a bee bowl near a pollinator garden at Beaver Pond Park in New Haven (New Haven County). Its host, Heriades carinata (Matthews 1965, Sheffield et al. 2008), is widespread across the state.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBBFFC0FF595A25FEB4FA06.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: “ Beaver Pond Park ”, 41.32659 - 72.9384, 15 – 27 June 1018, coll. J. Kerr, 1 ♀, CAES, det. S. Droege and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00082140.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBBFFC0FF595B98FE12F953.taxon	description	Notes: This uncommon cleptoparasite is known in Connecticut from a single male. Two of its reported hosts, Osmia atriventris (Hurd 1979) and Hoplitis spoliata (Fye 1965, Medler 1967), are found widely in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBBFFC0FF595B98FE12F953.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Tolland Co.: Mansfield: coll. W. B. Roberts, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00032346.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBBFFC0FF50594BFE5FF864.taxon	description	Notes: Mitchell (1962) reported this species from Connecticut; however, we have not been able to locate the voucher for this record. This species has recently been documented in Massachusetts in pine barrens and a sand pit (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB8FFC3FF505C89FDE1F983.taxon	description	Notes: This species was first discovered in the New World based on specimens collected in Olney, Montgomery County Maryland, by J. S. Ascher in 2004 and identified with reference to material in the AMNH confirmed by Palearctic Coelioxys expert Maximilian Schwarz. Subgenus Allocoelioxys can be recognized by characters described by Michener (2007). The male T 6 has eight teeth (two lateral, six apical) whereas other Holarctic subgenera have only six teeth (two lateral, four apical). Females have a transverse subocular carina extending posteriorly from posterior mandibular and joining the preoccipital carina whereas such a carina is absent or ending free in most other Holarctic Coelioxys (for exceptions see Michener 2007). In hand both sexes are notably smaller than most native Coelioxys. In images a variably reddened (not black) apical tergum (T 6) is often useful for identification of C. coturnix. The apical tergum (T 6) and sternum (S 6) of female C. coturnix are less attenuate than in many native Coelioxys and lacks the specialized hairs fringing S 6 in subgenus Cyrtocoelioxys (which is small-bodied and has a relatively nonattenuate metasomal apex). The precise pattern of white hair patches can also be helpful in recognizing C. coturnix, with notably conspicuous separated pairs of bright white hair patches present at the anterior of the scutum and on the scutellum (as posteriorly-directed triangles) whereas in many other Coelioxys hairs may be tan (not bright white) and arrayed more transversely and more continuously, e. g., forming a more or less complete transverse band along the scuto-scutello suture. This is the only known example of an adventive cleptoparasite becoming established on a different continent. A female of this species was first detected in Connecticut by F. Morrison on 15 July 2017 at Wesleyan University in the town of Middletown (Middlesex County) while nectaring in a small patch of Coreopsis sp. It has also been found in West Hartford (Hartford County), documented by photos taken by D. Cappaert on 25 August 2020 posted to iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 57564258) (see also Figure 2, B).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB8FFC3FF505C89FDE1F983.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Middlesex Co.: Middletown: 15 July 2017, coll. F. Morrison, 1 ♀, personal collection, det. F. Morrison, netted from Coreopsis.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB8FFC3FF505889FE54F841.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: (ANSP). Notes: There are two known records for this species in Connecticut, the holotype (Cresson 1864 a), and a female collected in a pollinator meadow at the Pond Lily Nature Preserve in New Haven (New Haven County). Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: “ Pond Lily Preserve ”, 41.33608 - 72.97573, 25 September – 2 October 2018, coll. J. Durrell, 1 ♀, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00082131.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB8FFC3FF595FA5FE4DFD16.taxon	description	Reference: Baker (1975); Le Divelec & Dufrêne (2020) Subgenus Allocoelioxys Tkalc	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB8FFC3FF505ED5FB4FFE7D.taxon	description	Notes: This species is only known from five records in Connecticut, two of which were found in a powerline ROW (Wagner et al. 2019) and another in a grassland by an airport.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB8FFC3FF505ED5FB4FFE7D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: Hartland: “ 1 mi S of West Hartland ”, 6 June 1966, coll. S. M. Fullerton, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00032208; Windsor: “ Windham Airport ”, 41.7487 - 72.1762, 7 July 2023, coll. H. Baranowski, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2023.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB9FFC2FF505ED5FE04FE35.taxon	description	Notes: This cleptoparasitic species is found throughout Connecticut, as are some of its hosts, Megachile mendica Cresson and Megachile rotundata (Fabricius). The type series of C. brevis Cresson (preoccupied) included Connecticut material but a specimen of C. altilis (a replacement name) from Pennsylvania was chosen as the lectotype (Cresson, 1916).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB9FFC2FF505FEDFC25FC84.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut: New Haven Co.: New Haven, 17 June 1905, (USNM). Notes: The first known record from Connecticut was a male collected by H. L. Viereck from red raspberry (Rubus strigosus) on 17 June 1905 (USNM ENT 00536891), reported as a “ new variety ” in Viereck et al. (1916). Coelioxys porterae was rediscovered in the state 102 years later at the Adder Reservoir in Middletown (Middlesex County) by D. L. Wagner, with subsequent detections in five towns (Middlesex County: Westbrook; New Haven County: North Branford, Guilford; New London County: Montville).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB9FFC2FF505D1EFD74FBB4.taxon	description	Notes: This northern species is known to parasitize soil-nesting species of Megachile (Xanthosarus) and has been found in powerline ROW in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB9FFC2FF505A6EFE55FA81.taxon	description	Notes: This species has a more southern distribution and occurs widely in the Eastern United States. In Connecticut it has been found in meadows, a coastal wildlife refuge, forests, powerline ROW, agricultural land, sandplain remnants, and urban parks. Subgenus Coelioxys Latreille	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB9FFC2FF505B19FD9DF97C.taxon	description	Notes: This is a northern species and thus is expected to occur only locally in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB9FFC2FF505B19FD9DF97C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: East Hartford: 4148.52 - 7240.87, 3 June 2016, coll. M. F. Veit, 1 ♀, personal collection, det. M. F. Veit, netted at BioBlitz; Middlesex Co.: East Hampton: “ Hurd State Park, 41.51277 - 72.54611, 16 – 21 May 2007, coll. D. L. Wagner et al., 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00026273. Subgenus Cyrtocoelioxys Mitchell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFB9FFC5FF5058A6FDA4FF0A.taxon	description	Notes: This widely distributed cleptoparasite is usually found in small numbers where it occurs. It has been found in every Connecticut county except Middlesex, usually near rivers and locations with sand and / or gravel. Subgenus Paracoelioxys Gribodo	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC5FF505E8CFD9BFD1D.taxon	description	Notes: Although this northern species was known historically from New York and New England we are not aware of any recent records from the region (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) and it may be extirpated. This species is much better known recently from Canada, the mountains of the Western United States, and Minnesota (Portman et al. 2023).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC5FF505E8CFD9BFD1D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Wilton: 7 August 1931, coll. B. W. McFarland, 1 ♂, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028245; Middlesex Co.: Middletown: 1 August 1933, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028246; New Haven Co.: Waterbury: 31 August 1932, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00028247. Subgenus Synocoelioxys Mitchell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC5FF505C85FCE1FBA6.taxon	description	Notes: This cleptoparasite of Megachile pugnata can usually be found with its host on sunflowers (J. S. Ascher pers. obs.). Only a singleton is known from Connecticut, collected during a study of pollinator plantings on diversified farms.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC5FF505C85FCE1FBA6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Middlesex Co.: Middletown: “ Yellow House Farm, 216 Arbutus Street ”, 41.52738 - 72.64864, 4 August 2017, coll. D. Chenoweth. 1 ♂, CAES, det. M. F. Veit and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, netted from Vernonia noveboracensis, UCMS _ ENT 00082133.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC5FF505A78FDA5FA71.taxon	description	Notes: This southern species is likely a parasite of subgenus Sayapis other than M. pugnata, e. g. of M. inimica sayi and / or M. frugalis frugalis. Coelioxys hunteri is known in Connecticut only from a singleton caught near a river within the city of New Haven (New Haven County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC5FF505A78FDA5FA71.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: “ West River Memorial Park, near Nature Center ”, 41.30925 - 72.95457, 20 July 2009, coll. C. T. Maier, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher, netted from Verbena hastata, UCMS _ ENT 00082075. Subgenus Xerocoelioxys Mitchell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC4FF505BA9FE44FF0A.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected in an inland sandplain remnant in Connecticut, a location where its host M. addenda (Cane et al. 1996) has also been collected.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBEFFC4FF505BA9FE44FF0A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Salem: “ Salem Rt. 11 Extension ”, 41.46166 - 72.27138, 14 June 2012, coll. F. Morrison, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00049746; 29 May 2012, coll. F. Morrison, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. F. Morrison and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo, UCMS _ ENT 00049747. Genus Megachile Latreille Reference: Bzdyk (2012); Mitchell (1933, 1935 a, 1935 b 1936 a, 1936 b, 1937 a, 1937 b, 1937 c, 1962); Parker (1978); Sheffield et al. (2011). Subgenus Addendella Mitchell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBFFFC4FF505E8CFDFBFE67.taxon	description	Notes: This species is a potentially important pollinator of cranberry, but managed populations can be subject to high rates of parasitism by C. immaculatus (Cane et al. 1996). In Connecticut this species has been found in wildlife management areas, grasslands, and sandplain remnants. Subgenus Callomegachile Michener	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBFFFC4FF505FBFFDF1FD5D.taxon	description	Notes: This exotic species of Asian origin is now widespread regionally and well established in Connecticut (Maier 2005). Subgenus Chelostomoides Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBFFFC4FF505D45FD99FBAE.taxon	description	Notes: This elongate-bodied native species is often found visiting Campanula. In Connecticut it has been found in habitats such as sandplain remnants, wildlife management areas, powerline ROW, quarries, and grasslands. Subgenus Eutricharaea Thomson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBFFFC4FF505A70FAE4F8AC.taxon	description	Notes: A single female was captured on its non-native host plant, spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe), by C. T. Maier on 22 August 2009 in North Haven (New Haven County) near a stand of deciduous trees adjacent to a railway line in a degraded industrial area. This species has also been detected in Michigan (Gibbs et al. 2017 a) and Illinois (Gruver & CaraDonna 2020) visiting C. stoebe in similar disturbed habitats near rail lines, and Gibbs et al. (2017 a) and Gruver & CaraDonna (2020) suggest non-native plants such as C. stoebe might be facilitating the spread of M. apicalis. This species is relatively well known in New York City (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 48 & subview = map & taxon _ id = 335714) and New Jersey (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 51 & subview = map & taxon _ id = 335714) but it has only recently been detected in New England including Massachusetts, with new state records in 2022 from Middlesex and Suffolk Counties (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 2 & taxon _ id = 335714). Megachile apicalis was likely first detected in the United States in Virginia in 1931 (Mitchell 1962) and has since been documented for Canada (Sheffield et al. 2011), British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Montana (Kuhlman & Burrows 2017), California (Cooper 1984), Pennsylvania (Donovall 2010), Ohio (Sivakoff et al. 2018), Illinois (Gruver & CaraDonna 2020) and Missouri (Camilo et al. 2017). Future targeted surveys in urban, industrial, highly disturbed areas, especially along railway lines, in Connecticut and elsewhere are warranted to monitor the spread of this non-native species.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBFFFC4FF505A70FAE4F8AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: North Haven: “ 0.28 km S jct. Sackett Point Road and Universal Drive ”, 41.36506 - 72.87088, 22 August 2009, coll. C. T. Maier, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00082080.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBFFFC7FF505977FD9AFEEC.taxon	description	Notes: This is a widespread species of Megachile (Eutricharaea), an exotic subgenus of Palearctic origin. It is often found visiting Fabaceae. Critical identifications should be made since the similar Megachile (Eutricharaea) pusilla Pérez, 1884 [“ 1883 ”] is well known from New York City and may appear in nearby southwestern Connecticut (or further afield). Megachile pusilla was until recently known in the United States as Megachile concinna (e. g., Parker 1978). It is evidently M. pusilla, not true M. concinna that has been redescribed from Japan (Soltani et al. 2017) and reported from Taiwan. Subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBCFFC7FF505F36FE77FDF1.taxon	description	Notes: This southern species has been found in all eight counties of Connecticut in habitats such as inland sandplain remnants, coastal dunes, grasslands, agricultural land, edge of a northern swamp, powerline ROW, and wildlife management areas.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBCFFC7FF505C2AFF76FCD9.taxon	description	Notes: This is a very common species regionally and is often associated with composites and observed flying relatively late in the fall. In Connecticut this species has been found in habitats such as agricultural land, powerline ROW, grasslands, sandplain remnants, coastal dunes, forest edges, and a coastal wildlife management area.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBCFFC7FF505DC2FE43FBD1.taxon	description	Notes: Megachile texana is often found in urban areas and has a strong affinity for milkweed. In Connecticut this species has been found in sandplain remnants, powerline ROW, and agricultural land. Subgenus Megachile Latreille	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBCFFC7FF505AC9FDC2FA1D.taxon	description	Notes: The first known records of Megachile centuncularis in Connecticut were collected by H. L. Viereck and H. W. Winkley in August 1904. In Connecticut this species has been found in habitats such as a pollinator garden in an agricultural setting, a sandplain remnant, and urban areas. Due in part to lack of fully confirmed records from Alaska this species has been considered non-native by some regional experts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]; Gibbs et al. 2017 a, considered it possibly exotic).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBCFFC7FF505B85FC2EF959.taxon	description	Notes: A reported status of “ declining ” in New Hamphsire (Matthiasson & Rehan 2019) is inconsistent with widespread detection of this species from areas such as Tompkins County, New York where there are no or at most few historical collections available. If anything, this species seems to be increasing regionally. There are 23 records from Connecticut with years spanning 2003 - 2019, collected in habitats such as inland grasslands, edges of swamps, inland dunes, coastal preserves, meadows, and a gravel pit.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBCFFC6FF505941FE14FE88.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. USA Female: Connecticut: Windham Co.: West Thompson, 12 July 1905, H. L. Viereck (USNM). Notes: This common species was first recorded for Connecticut in Viereck et al. (1916) as the junior synonym M. exclamans Viereck. This species is known in Connecticut from habitats such as meadows near forest edges, quarry tops, edges of swamps, and powerline ROW. Subgenus Sayapis Titus	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBDFFC6FF505F12FEC8FCAE.taxon	description	Notes: This bee is generally scarce in the region, with scattered records, although it is showing up in new locations regionally on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 52339 & subview = map & tax on _ id = 271776). There are two specimen records from Connecticut, as well as one photo record on iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 173236137), all in New Haven County.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBDFFC6FF505F12FEC8FCAE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: North Branford: “ Cecarelli Farms, 186 Old Post Rd. ”, 41.405 - 72.78777, 11 July 2016, coll. T. A. Zarrillo, 1 ♀, CAES, det. S. Droege 2013 and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, UCMS _ ENT 00075431; West Haven: “ Maltby Lake, Route 34 near Orange ”, 25 June 1980, coll. L. Morgan- Thompson, 1 ♂, YPM, det. R. J. McGinley and re-examined by T. A. Zarrillo 2022, on flowers of Asclepias syriaca, YPM ENT 704658.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBDFFC6FF505D71FF47FB91.taxon	description	Notes: This bee is widespread but not commonly collected in Connecticut, having only fourteen records but found in seven counties. It has been collected in places such as agricultural land, roadsides, at the edge of a large, denuded hilltop, and a quarry. This species is expected on composites other than sunflower at southern sites in New England.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBDFFC6FF505A09FD93FAC7.taxon	description	Notes: There is an uptick in records for this readily identifiable bee in Connecticut due to the increasing number of photo observations (9 specimen records spanning 1933 – 2015; 15 confirmed iNaturalist photo observations spanning 2012 – 2023) (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 49 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 198850). This species is expected on sunflowers including at northern sites. Subgenus Xanthosarus Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBDFFC6FF505BD8FF6DF9CB.taxon	description	Notes: This leafcutter has been in Connecticut on the grounds of a high school, near a reservoir, and in a pollinator planting. In New York City it was observed to excavate a nest burrow in a rotting log (J. S. Ascher pers. obs.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBDFFC6FF5058CCFB2CF8FB.taxon	description	Notes: This northern leafcutter has been found throughout Connecticut in diverse habitats such as agricultural land, inland dunes, a coastal preserve, meadow near deciduous forest, and powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFFBDFF39FF50591CFB2CFF6F.taxon	description	Notes: This species regularly collects pollen of the Fabaceae and Asteraceae, and in Connecticut it has been found on agricultural land, sandplain remnants, wildlife management areas, and grasslands.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF39FF505D7AFD97FC45.taxon	description	Reference: Buck et al. (2005); Delphia (2023); Eickwort (1980); Falk & Lewington (2015); Müller (2015) Subgenus Gyrodromella Michener	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF39FF505A5DFDFAFA14.taxon	description	Notes: This exotic species is associated with bellflower (Campanula) (Falk & Lewington 2015) and is best known in the United States from Central New York State, only recently detected in Connecticut. Delphia (2023) reports a range expansion for C. rapunculi and C. campanularum in Montana. These are the first records for both species in the Western United States.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF39FF505A5DFDFAFA14.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Hartford Co.: Simsbury: “ 1519 Hopmeadow Rd., back dune ”, 41.90973 - 72.7979, 26 July 2007, coll. D. L. Wagner, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2007, pitfall trap, UCMS _ ENT 00025084. Subgenus Prochelostoma Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF39FF505B8EFDA7F82C.taxon	description	Notes: Chelostoma philadelphi is a native species likely benefiting from ornamental plantings of its floral host, mock orange (Philadelphus spp.). It was recently detected from Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), Vermont (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 47 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 452986), and Maine (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations? place _ id = 17 & subview = table & taxon _ id = 452986) beyond its historical range limits. Genus Heriades Spinola Reference: Michener (1938) Subgenus Neotrypetes Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF39FF505EB0FBEFFD9D.taxon	description	Notes: This northern leafcutter reaches its southern range limit in Connecticut. It was recorded from Connecticut in Britton (1938), however, the only confirmed specimen record we could find is a singleton recently collected at the edge of a swamp in the northwest hills of Litchfield County.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF39FF505EB0FBEFFD9D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Canaan: “ Sand Rd, Robbins Swamp edge ”, 41.9812 - 73.3535, 29 May 2007, coll. D. L. Wagner, 1 ♂, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2007, UCMS _ ENT 00025275.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF39FF505C06FF4DFCA0.taxon	description	Notes: This southern bee is perhaps increasing at its northern range limits (Dibble et al. 2017; Gibbs et al. 2017 a; Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]). In Connecticut, this species has been found in powerline ROW and inland sandy habitats.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF42FF38FF5059F6FE31FEB4.taxon	description	Notes: This is the most common Heriades species regionally and locally. It has been found in six of eight Connecticut counties.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF43FF38FF505D03FB86FC4B.taxon	description	Notes: This species is widely distributed throughout Connecticut in habitats such as agricultural land, grasslands, powerline ROW, sandplain remnants, and the edge of an inland swamp.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF43FF38FF505F6EFE48FD14.taxon	description	Notes: This bee is scarce regionally but perhaps under-recorded due to identification challenges with H. leavitti and H. carinata (especially from images). The ten Connecticut records are from three collecting events, with eight of the ten collected at the same location and date. Genus Hoplitis Klug Reference: Michener (1947); Neff (2009) Subgenus Alcidamea Cresson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF43FF38FF505A4CFCAEFB7B.taxon	description	Notes: This bee has been found across Connecticut in habitats such as agricultural land, at the edge of an inland swamp, powerline ROW, and sandplain remnants.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF43FF38FF505A9CFE3FF9B9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male USA: Connecticut: E. Norton (USNM). Notes: This species has been found in habitats such as sandplain remnants, on the shore of a major river, and powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF43FF38FF505861FE0AF808.taxon	description	Notes: This bee is scarce regionally and locally, with only three Connecticut records.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF43FF38FF505861FE0AF808.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New Haven Co.: New Haven: 28 June 1902, coll. E. J. S. Moore, 1 ♂, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2022, UCMS _ ENT 00028718; Guilford: “ Leetes Island, Yale Field Station, Yale University Peabody Museum Field Station, Yale Natural Lands ”, 16 August 1973, coll. C. L. Remington, 1 ♀, YPM, det. J. S. Ascher 2013, YPM ENT 829376; Windham Co.: West Thompson: 12 July 1905, coll. H. L. Viereck, 1 ♀, CAES, det. T. A. Zarrillo 2022, UCMS _ ENT 00028717. Subgenus Robertsonella	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF40FF3BFF505E93FD95FD07.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: E. Norton (USNM). Notes: Mitchell (1962) reported this species from Connecticut; however, no other specimens have been collected in the state other than the holotype, which was presumably from Hartford County (and was reported from there by Neff, 2009). Hoplitis simplex is rare in New England and expected to be a specialist on the family Hydrophylloideae, such as the genus Phacelia (Neff 2009). Targeted surveys on its host plant may elucidate its status in the region. Genus Osmia Panzer Reference: Amiet et al. (2004); Griswold & Rightmyer (2017); Mitchell (1962); Rightmyer et al. (2010); Rust (1974) Sungenus Diceratosmia Robertson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF40FF3BFF505AB8FCE8FA10.taxon	description	Notes: This holarctic species is likely adventive in the New World. Connecticut records are historic only, and it seems to have declined regionally especially southward.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF40FF3BFF505B8AFDD0F96E.taxon	description	Notes: This southern composite-associated species has been captured in Connecticut in habitats such as a meadow near the edge of a hardwood forest, a coastal wildlife preserve, and a pan trap placed in a thicket of blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Subgenus Melanosmia Schmiedeknecht	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF40FF3BFF5058B1FB03F8C7.taxon	description	Notes: This mason bee is relatively scarce, with recent records from powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF40FF3BFF505D0CFDB0FB67.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut: E. Norton (USNM). Notes: This unusual bee species nests in snail shells (Richards et al. 2011) and perhaps for this reason is notably localized regionally. Material examined. Fairfield Co.: Redding: “ Saugatuck River ”, 4 July 1933, coll. H. Spieth, 1 ♀, AMNH, det. J. S. Ascher 2012, AMNH _ BEE 00224648; Shelton: 15 June 1934, coll. N. Turner, 1 ♀, CAES, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00031232; Tolland Co.: Mansfield: “ Storrs ”, 7 May 1931, coll. Peser, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2008, UCMS _ ENT 00032328. Subgenus Helicosmia Thomson	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3AFF505ED4FEA9FE37.taxon	description	Notes: This mason bee is reported to be a major visitor to blueberries (Vaccinium) in Maine (Dibble et al. 2017; Stubbs et al. 1997), and it has been collected from Vaccinium in Connecticut as well. It has been found at the edge of northern wetlands, agricultural land, a coastal wildlife refuge, a riverbank, powerline ROW, and an arboretum.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3AFF505FEFFBC9FDE1.taxon	description	Notes: This is a distinctive species due to its large size and resemblance to bumble bees. It has been found in habitats such as a limestone quarry, powerline ROW, agricultural land, and meadows.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3AFF505C3AFAEDFC92.taxon	description	Notes: This eastern species was first detected in Connecticut at a bioblitz held at Mohegan Park in the city of Norwich (New London County) in 2002 and has since been collected in habitats such as powerline ROW.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3AFF505AC6FD94F9B4.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported for Connecticut in Mitchell (1962) and remains plausible in the northern counties of Connecticut although we have not been able to confirm any specimens. The reason we accept Mitchell’s record is that the other similar non-metallic species are less plausible on biogeographic grounds (Rightmyer et al. 2010). All regional records should be rechecked however with respect to updated keys to non-metallic Osmia by Rightmyer et al. (2010). Osmia inermis was last recorded in Massachusetts in 1914 (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]), however it was detected in 2006 in Orange County, New York during a survey of the Black Rock Forest Preserve (Giles & Ascher 2006). This site in southern New York State and Connecticut are believed to be at the southern range limits of this northern species.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3AFF50586EFAFAF900.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been captured in powerline ROW and sandplain remnants in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3AFF505DFBFC90FBDC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female USA: Connecticut. E. Norton (USNM). Notes: This species has been collected in habitats such as powerline ROW, wildlife management areas, pollinator gardens, and sandplain remnants in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3DFF50589AFE12FF6F.taxon	description	Notes: There are only two known records for this species in Connecticut collected in powerline ROW in New London County.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF41FF3DFF50589AFE12FF6F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. New London Co.: Waterford: “ Vauxhall Rd. ”, 41.41745 - 72.16256, 10 May 2007, coll. N. Bricker & D. L. Wagner, sex unverified, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2007, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00022727; Montville: 41.43305 - 72.22944; 12 May 2012, coll. B. Gagliardi & N. Schoppmann, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher, UCMS _ ENT 00050296.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF46FF3DFF505EB7FD0CFE72.taxon	description	Notes: This species is the most common mason bee in Connecticut and can be found in habitats such as powerline ROW, suburban neighborhoods, coastal areas including beach dunes, scrub and marsh, agricultural land, town parks, meadows, and near inland wetlands.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF46FF3DFF505FA4FC69FC9D.taxon	description	Notes: An unconfirmed record of this species was reported in Viereck et al. (1916) on the flowers of January jasmine (Lonicera fragrantissima) in Connecticut, and its presence in the state was validated in 1941. Since then, this species has been found in small numbers at several locations in Connecticut, including powerline ROW, grasslands, and a coastal dune (Zarrillo et al. 2016). Ascher et al. (2014) and Rothwell & Ginsberg (2019) also report this species from coastal habitats, on Gardiners Island off the coast of eastern Long Island, New York, and Napatree Point Conservation Area in Westerly, Rhode Island respectively.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF46FF3DFF505D05FA23FBC2.taxon	description	Notes: The only known record for this northern species in Connecticut was collected at the edge of an inland swamp in Canaan (Litchfield County). This record marks the southern end of its current range limit in the Northeastern United States.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF46FF3DFF505D05FA23FBC2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Litchfield Co.: Canaan: “ Sand Rd., Robbins Swamp edge, 41.9812 - 73.3535, 17 – 21 June 2007, coll. L. Saucier & A. Bouchard, 1 ♀, UCMS, det. J. S. Ascher 2009, bee bowl, UCMS _ ENT 00025954.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF46FF3DFF505AD5FE0CFA3A.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been found in limited locations in Connecticut, including powerline ROW and the edges of inland bogs near Vaccinium corymbosum and Chamaedaphne calyculata. Subgenus Osmia Panzer	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF46FF3DFF505BDCFCCCF92D.taxon	description	Notes: The first record we could locate for this exotic species in Connecticut was collected by P. Gambino in Fairfield County on 28 April 2003. This species has become established in Connecticut and is now found throughout the state in habitats such as suburban neighborhoods, agricultural land, coastal beach dunes and scrub, sandplain remnants, meadows, university campuses, and pollinator gardens.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF46FF3DFF5058F5FBCDF84D.taxon	description	Notes: Osmia lignaria lignaria has not been collected in Connecticut since 2017, despite considerable collecting efforts for megachilids in recent years, including in agricultural settings (C. T. Maier unpublished). Interesting to note that in 1905, Osmia lignaria was the most abundant bee collected in apple, at 19 % of all bees (Britton and Viereck 1906), while recently in NY apple orchards, O. lignaria represented 0.04 % of the bees in apple, and all species of Osmia together represented 0.2 % (Russo et al. 2017). LeCroy e t al. (2020) in the mid-Atlantic states reported O. lignaria to be declining 2003 – 2017 at a mean rate of 13.78 % per year.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF47FF3CFF505FA4FD80FDCF.taxon	description	Reference: Snelling and Stage (1995)	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF47FF3CFF505B59FDF5FA71.taxon	description	Notes: There are only six records of this northern species in Connecticut; five are historic (1921 – 1935), with the most recent record from 2007.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF47FF3CFF505D44FD2FFB46.taxon	description	Notes: Males were described from individuals collected in New Haven County, Connecticut — 5 from the town of New Haven collected on the flowers of northern dewberry (Rubus flagellaris [= R. villosus]) on 22 June, and another from the town of Waterbury collected on the flowers of gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa [= C. paniculata]) on 4 July (year of collection not specified in description). These syntypes are presumed lost. This species is the presumed host of Epeoloides pilosulus, is listed as threatened in Connecticut (Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 2015 b) and is currently a regional species of greatest conservation need in four eastern states in the United States: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Maryland (United States Geological Survey 2015). The historical range of this species spans Wisconsin eastward to the province of Quebec, Canada and south to Georgia (Mitchell 1960). In Connecticut, this species has historically been detected in low numbers; however, in recent bee surveys spanning the years 2005 – 2017 it has been detected in seven locations in New London and Hartford Counties (n = 15).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF47FF3CFF505ED5FEF6FE72.taxon	description	Notes: The first record that we could locate for this exotic species in Connecticut was collected on 25 April 2009 by R. J. Pupedis in Willimantic (Windham County). This species is becoming more widespread in Connecticut, now found in seven counties. LeCroy et al. (2020) in the mid-Atlantic states found O. taurus increasing from 2003 – 2017 at a mean rate of 16.99 % per year. MELITTIDAE	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF47FF3FFF50581DFE14FE99.taxon	description	Notes: The male syntypes noted above are also presumed lost. All records for this species in Connecticut and from Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) are historic, although there are some recent records of the species from New Jersey (E. Wyman pers. comm.), New York (White et al. 2022), and Vermont (S. Hardy pers. comm.). Macropis patellata is recognized as a species of greatest conservation need in Delaware, Massachusetts, and Maryland (United States Geological Survey 2015). Genus Melitta Reference: Snelling and Stage (1995) Subgenus Cilissa Leach	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF44FF3FFF505BFBFC99F90B.taxon	description	Notes: Citation of Andrena illinoiensis for New York State (White et al. 2022) likely reflects historical confusion with A. nigrae (and also A. salictaria especially northwards in the region, see discussion by Ribble 1968). The closest fully confirmed records of A. illinoiensis cited in the revision are from Columbus, Ohio (Ribble 1968). We therefore exclude this species from our confirmed list.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF44FF3FFF505F01FA33FD1D.taxon	description	Notes: This species has been collected from a host plant, American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), in Connecticut on 10 and 25 July 1985 in East Haddam (Middlesex County) in a fen at the north end of Lake Hayward by F. Campbell, and 10 and 13 July 2009 near a wetland in the Pachaug State Forest in Voluntown (New London County) by C. T. Maier. Although this species was reported from the Finger Lakes Region of New York State by White et al. (2022), this species is not confirmed from anywhere in New York, and the Finger Lakes records surely pertain instead to Melitta eickworti Snelling and Stage, 1995, which has a type locality of, “ South Hill Preserve, vicinity of Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York ” and was named in honor of Cornell Professor George Eickwort.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF44FF3FFF505C85FED0FAE8.taxon	description	Notes: Seventy-eight percent of the records (n = 54) for this species in Connecticut were collected near inland wetlands such as ponds and lakes by G. I. Stage in Stafford and Ellington (Tolland County), with 40 specimens captured between 1972 – 1976, and fourteen captured between 1990 – 1999. Twenty percent (n = 14) were captured during surveys of powerline ROW in Montville and Bozrah (Tolland County) with dates spanning 2005 – 2017. Fifty-eight percent of the Connecticut records were netted from its host plant, maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina). All but one early record collected in 1921 (from Colebrook, Litchfield County) are from eastern Connecticut in Tolland and New London County. APPENDIX 2. Problematic Species Here we report and annotate eight excluded species whose presence in Connecticut is improbable based on known distribution, two unresolved morphotypes, five species with taxonomic confusion, and three expected species including one also with taxonomic confusion (Table 4) that could be in Connecticut based on recent records in neighboring states.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF44FF3FFF505893FAD0F857.taxon	description	Notes: The citation of P. albitarsis for Connecticut in the table “ Distribution of species of Panurginus, Pseudopanurgus, Psaenythia, and Calliopsis by states ” in Mitchell (1960) is clearly in error, as the reported range in the species account states, “ Illinois to North Carolina and Georgia, west to Texas. ” Supporting this interpretation of an error in the table is the citation of “ New England states ” in the species account of P. andrenoides but the omission of any New England state in the table entries. We are therefore excluding P. albitarsis from our confirmed list.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF45FF3EFF5058F0FDE3F848.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported to occur in Connecticut by Mitchell (1960), and there are suspect records for this species in northern North America in specimen databases (USGS _ DRO 466886, INHS 361008) and in White et al. (2022) in New York. The verified range of this species is not known to extend north beyond southern New Jersey and Washington D. C. (Ordway 1966), and Coelho (2004) further refines the boundaries for this species as North Carolina to southern Florida, along the Gulf Coast states to eastern Texas. We therefore exclude this species from the confirmed list for Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF45FF3EFF505B26FD3DF9E6.taxon	description	Notes: This species is reported in Mitchell (1960) and Hurd (1979) to occur in Connecticut, however Mitchell (1960) notes that the records are based on females and are tentative. No other records for this species in Connecticut or New England can be found. The distribution of this species suggests that the specimens reviewed may be atypical and further study is needed.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF45FF3EFF505E8CFBB7FDAB.taxon	description	Notes: Although treated as hypothetical for Massachusetts by Veit et al. (2022 [“ 2021 ”]), soon after that checklist was published confirmation of its presence and persistence in that state was obtained through photos submitted to iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 88061067), suggesting that a prior specimen record (LaBerge 1956 a) from the area was likely valid. Although there are no other records from elsewhere in the region north of southern New Jersey, the newly confirmed Massachusetts records suggest that this species likely achieved its apparently disjunct range by traversing Connecticut at some point.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF45FF3EFF505C6CFD7AFC93.taxon	description	Notes: This species was reported in Viereck et al. (1916) as probable for Connecticut, however we have not been able to locate any specimens. Recent records of its host, E. atriventris, from Connecticut (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 180138298) and Massachusetts (Veit et al. 2022 [“ 2021 ”]) suggests N. affabilis may genuinely occur or have occurred in Connecticut.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF45FF3EFF505D04FC59FBFB.taxon	description	Notes: No modern workers seem to recognize this species, but it was listed for Connecticut by Mitchell (1962). The type is from Pennsylvania, but it is uncertain if the Connecticut specimen matches it. This species was described in Cockerell (1908) and may be a synonym or relative of N. depressa (see entry for that species). Given the uncertain status of this form, we cite it here rather than on the main list.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF45FF3EFF505A1CFCB1FAB5.taxon	description	Notes: The determination of the specimen in Zarrillo & Stoner (2019) proved to be erroneous. We are therefore removing this species from our confirmed list.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF4AFF31FF505ED5FDEBFE08.taxon	description	Notes: This species is easily confused with its cryptic sister species A. aurata, which is very common throughout Connecticut and the northeastern US. There are unvalidated records for A. persimilis in Rhode Island (Rothwell & Ginsberg 2019), New Hampshire (University of New Hampshire Collection of Insects and other Arthropods 2023), and Connecticut (AMNH _ BEE 00185030). Until these are rechecked, we regard this species as a doubtful occurrence in New England.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF4AFF31FF505D6EFE41FBF3.taxon	description	Notes: The female specimen in question was identified as L. nr. atwoodi by J. Gibbs in 2011. It has mesepisternum strongly rugose, dorsal opening of T 1 acarinarial fan as wide as lateral acarinarial patches, T 1 declivitous surface coriarious, metapostnotum with rugae not reaching posterior margin, head and mesosoma bluish, and supraclypeal area sparsely punctate. It was collected on an organic farm in a bee bowl in 2009 in the town of Cheshire (New Haven County).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF4AFF31FF505F93FF4BFCB5.taxon	description	Notes: This uncommon species has historically been confused with L. oblongum, L. planatum, and L. subviridatum (Gibbs 2011). Specimens that agree with L. abanci characters using Gibbs et al. (2011) have been collected in Connecticut and throughout the northeast, however they are not ‘ true’ L. abanci (J. Gibbs pers. comm.). ‘ True’ L. abanci have been collected only in or near the type locality in the Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina (J. Gibbs pers. comm) and the identity of the similar morphospecies found widely in New England is unclear.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF4AFF31FF505A25FD9AFA12.taxon	description	Notes: This uncommon cleptoparasite of Lasioglossum zephyrus was reported from Connecticut in Hurd (1979) and Britton and Viereck (1906) [as Paralictus cephalicus Robertson], however this species closely resembles the subsequently described L. rozeni (Gibbs 2011). As we cannot validate the older Connecticut records, and because confusion is likely with recently described forms, we are excluding this species from our confirmed list, even though there are confirmed reports from eastern Long Island (Suffolk County), New York (Gibbs 2011) and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Gibbs pers. comm.).	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF4AFF31FF505B84FEABF926.taxon	description	Notes: We regard a report from Connecticut by Mitchell (1960) [as Dialictus reticulatus (Robertson)] as erroneous since the species is fully confirmed north only to North Carolina and has frequently been confused with L. bruneri.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF4AFF30FF5058F8FE94FEB4.taxon	description	Notes: Although reported for Connecticut by Mitchell (1960), L. forbesii was not reported for Connecticut in McGinley’s (1986) revision. However, L. forbesii was reported from Brainard, Rensselaer County, New York in McGinley (1986), which is very close to Connecticut. Z. M. Portman reviewed two historical specimens from Colebrook, Connecticut in the insect collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University that were misidentified as L. forbesii, as well as two misidentified specimens from Massachusetts (Z. M. Portman, pers. comm.). As such, we cannot confirm the presence of L. forbesii in Connecticut at this time, as historical records may refer to similar species, in particular L. coriaceum. Megachilidae	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
1458879AFF4BFF30FF505F6EFB89FDF0.taxon	description	Notes: Mitchell (1962) and Rust (1974) report this species from Connecticut; however, these records may be the result of taxonomic confusion with the more northern Osmia texana (Goldstein & Ascher 2016). We do not have details of voucher specimens for these records and are therefore excluding this species from our confirmed list even though it was recorded from Gardiners Island off the eastern tip of Long Island (Ascher et al. 2014) and could conceivably occur or have occurred in Connecticut just across Long Island Sound.	en	Zarrillo, Tracy A., Stoner, Kimberly A., Ascher, John S. (2025): Biodiversity of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut (USA). Zootaxa 5586 (1): 1-138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5586.1.1
