identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1435C864F753BC6334FF3051B051FE7E.text	1435C864F753BC6334FF3051B051FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ficus flavifolia Zhen Zhang, S. Liao, Aver. & K. S. Nguyen 2025	<div><p>Ficus flavifolia Zhen Zhang, S. Liao, Aver. &amp; K.S. Nguyen, sp. nov. (Figs. 2–5)</p><p>Type: — LAOS. Khammouane Province: Boualapha District, Nong Seng Village, the summit of Phou Chuang (Poujeuang) Mountain, around point 17°35’18.1”N 105°47’47.5”E, 1000–1400 m a.s.l., 5 May 2018, L. V. Averyanov, Khang Sinh Nguyen, T. V. Maisak, Littideth Xaiyavongsa, Siphanom Keovankham AL649a (holotype LE 01048181! https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=1296).</p><p>Diagnosis: —The new species is similar to Ficus howii, but strikingly distinguishable from it by its well-developed indumentum on both surfaces of leaves, petioles, branchlets, peduncles and syconia, thicker branchlets 5–6 (vs 2–4) mm in diameter, yellowish-brown abaxial surface of acrophyll (vs light green), fewer lateral veins 6–8 (vs 8–12) pairs, shorter acrophyll petioles 7–9 (vs 10–25) mm long, thicker peduncle ca. 5 (vs 2–3) mm in diameter, and ridges on the lower part of ellipsoid syconia (vs globose without ridges). These characters make the new species strikingly distinct in the F. sarmentosa complex.</p><p>Description: —Scandent or climbing shrub, gynodioecious. Branchlets thick, 5–6 mm in diameter, covered by densely brownish pubescence, sparse to glabrous in biennial branches, with pale lenticels in the biennial branches. Stipules 10–12(–14) mm long, triangular lanceolate, involute, pale green, apex acute or acuminate, outside densely brownish hairy, caducous. Leaves alternate, pseudo distichous, petiolate; petiole 7–9 mm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, bushy brownish hairy, slightly furrowed abaxially; lamina narrowly ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, somewhat concave, (5–)7–9(–12) × (2.8–)3.5–4.5(–5) cm, symmetrical, thick, coriaceous, base broadly obtuse, rounded, or subcordate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin entire, adaxial surface sparsely pilose, abaxially densely yellowish-brown manicate, not foveolate, lateral veins 6–8 pairs, abaxially distinctly raised, basal veins up to 1/3 to 1/2 length of the lamina. Syconia axillary on the leafless biennial branchlets, solitary; peduncle terete, 3–5 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter, bushy brownish pilose; basal bracts 3, adpressed to the syconium base, broadly triangular-ovate, ca. 2.5–3.5 mm long and wide, hairy; receptacle (syconium) ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.8–2.2 × 1.5–1.8 cm, greenish, densely brownish short pilose and sparsely tuberculate, several longitudinal ridges on the lower half of syconia; ostiole ca. 2 mm in diameter, ostiole bracts greenish; internal hairs exist. Staminate flowers numerous, scattered near the ostiole, sessile to 0.5 mm long; sepals 4, light yellowish-brown to light pink, glabrous, ovate to lanceolate, up to 1 mm long; stamens 2, lanceolate, subequal to calyx in length, filament absent. Gall flowers numerous, sessile to 0.5 mm long; sepals 5–6, ovate to lanceolate, 1–1.8 mm long, glabrous; ovary subsessile, obovoid, constricted at the base, ca. 1 mm tall; style lateral, ca. 0.5 mm long; stigma shallowly funnelform. Pistillate flowers and Seed not seen.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —The new species is currently known only from the Phou Chuang (Poujeuang) Mountain belonging to Hin Namno National Park (Khammouane Province, Laos) (Fig. 2) and growing on the sandstone in primary evergreen mixed and coniferous dense wind-formed forest (Fig. 4A). It is locally common and should not be endangered, but the formal conservation status needs more investigation. Ficus howii also grows near the top of the Phou Chuang Mountain together with the new species (Fig. 2), however, there is no data of the other sympatric fig trees.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the yellowish-brown abaxial surface of lamina.</p><p>Notes: —The new species developes yellowish-brown indumentum on abaxial surface of leaf lamina (Fig. 4C), which is distinct from other members of the Ficus sarmentosa complex together with other traits mentioned above. The nuclear phylogenetic tree also confirms its phylogenetic position as a sister to F. howii . These evidences verify its status as a new species to science. However, in consideration of its closely phylogenetic ally F. howii which struggles in rare correctly identified specimens and color photos, leading to poor understanding of the difference between F. flavifolia and F. howii, a detailed plate of F. howii is also provided to show its characteristics (Fig. 6).</p><p>Additional specimens examined: Ficus howii: — CHINA. Guangxi: Shangsi, 3 July 1933, H.D. Zeng 22623 (IBK00088038!) ; Ningming, 20 November 1959, X.F. Deng 10624 (IBK00088037!) ; Guizhou: Xingren, 28 August 1960, Guizhoudui 8712 (NAS00292438 [image]) ; Y. Tsiang 4547 (NAS00292436 [image]) ; Hainan: Baisha, 20 April 1936, X.Q. Liu 26366 (IBK00088048!) ; Yunnan: Jinghong, 2 March 1957, Zhongsudui 5453 (NAS00292425 [image]) ; Jinghong, September 1936, C.W. Wang 78632 (NAS00292431 [image]) ; Lincang, 3 November 1938, D.J. Yu 18165 (PE00641828!).— LAOS. Khammouane: Boualapha, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.79322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.583418" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.79322/lat 17.583418)">Nong Seng</a>, 17° 35′0.3″ N, 105° 47′35.6″E, a.s.l. ± 1000m, 4 May 2018, L. Averyana et al. AL623 (LE01048182!).— MYANMAR. Kachin: Putao, 13 December 2017, Y. H. Tan et al. m3495 (HITBC!).— THAILAND. Chiangmai: Muang, 15 September 1988, J.F. Maxwell 88-1080 (L1599932[image]) ; Lampang: Wahng Nua, 25 March 1997, J.F. Maxwell 97-221 (L1615618[image]).— VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.11397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.609001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.11397/lat 21.609001)">Muong La</a> N.R., Ngoc Chien Commune, remnants of primary evergreen broad-leaved forest on shale stone mountain, around point 21°36’32.4”N 104°06’50.3”E, a.s.l. 1200–1300 m, climbing tree up to 10 m tall, 24 July 2024, Van Thanh Bui, Thi Van Anh Nguyen, Khang Sinh Nguyen SL-ML134 (HN!) ; Tonkin, 9 January 1931, E. Poilane 18799 (L3918522[image]). Ficus muricata: — CHINA. Yunnan: Puer, Jingdong, Qingren Valley . 20 July 2015, Z. Zhang, X.M. Wang &amp; H.Y. Gao JDH-6 (HSNU00075747!), JDH-7 (HSNU00075746!). Yunnan: Xishuanbanna, Menghai, 30 March 1957, Sino Soviet joint Yunnan delegation 5765 (KUN0512889!) ; Yunnan: Xishuanbanna, Mengzhe, 2 March 1952, Sino Soviet joint Yunnan delegation 5453 (KUN0512883!, KUN0512884!) ; Yunnan: Xishuanbanna, Mengla, Manhua, S.J. Pei 59-10817 (KUN0512858!, NAS00292427 [image]) ; Yunnan: Xishuanbanna, Mengyang, YeXiang Valley, Z. Zhang, X.M. Wang &amp; H.Y. Gao 20150901a (HSNU!) ; Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun, Dingsong River, L.M. Zhou 47 (KUN0781411!) ; Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun, Qimaba, H.Q. Li &amp; Z. Zhang 2013170 (HSNU!) ; Yunnan, Puer, Menglian, Longshan, 28 December 2009, H.Q. Li 2009435 (HSUN00058028!) ; Yunnan, Lincang, Cangyuan, 2 June 1974, Y.H. Li 011885 (KUN0512861!).— LAOS. Louang Namtha Province: Namtha District, Nalan Village, 10 November 2022, D.L. Quan, B. Yang, L. Wang, L. Seng &amp; G. In L1287 (HITBC!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1435C864F753BC6334FF3051B051FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Zhen;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Bui, Van Thanh;Liao, Shuai	Zhang, Zhen, Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Bui, Van Thanh, Liao, Shuai (2025): Ficus flavifolia (Moraceae), a new climbing fig tree from central Laos. Phytotaxa 701 (1): 105-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.8
1435C864F757BC6234FF30E9B1E7FE59.text	1435C864F757BC6234FF30E9B1E7FE59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ficus sarmentosa J. E. Smith 1810	<div><p>Key to the taxa of Ficus sarmentosa complex</p><p>1. Acrophylls apex round; syconia more than 4 cm in diameter ............................................................................................. F. pumila</p><p>- Acrophylls apex often caudiform to acute (round in F. muricata); syconia less than 3 cm in diameter .......................................... 2</p><p>2. Leaf brown when dry; acrophylls abaxially seldom foveolate; syconia more or less tuberculate ................................................... 3</p><p>- Leaf dark green when dry; acrophylls abaxially foveolate or not (in some varieties of F. sarmentosa); syconia not tuberculate ..... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4</p><p>3. Acrophylls less than 7 cm in length; peduncle 2–12 mm long; syconia 6–8 mm in diameter .................................... F. dinganensis</p><p>- Acrophylls longer than 7 cm; peduncle less than 2 mm; syconia 1–2 cm in diameter .................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Acrophylls longer than 25 cm; syconia and leaf covered by dense brown pubescence ................................................... F. anserina</p><p>- Acrophylls less than 20 cm long; syconia and leaf sparsely pubescen to glabrous ............................................................................ ....................................................... F. sarmentosa and its allies ( F. guangxiensis, F. guizhouensis, F. napoensis, and F. polynervis)</p><p>5. Acrophylls 13–26 cm long, apex round, abaxial surface glabrous .................................................................................. F. muricata</p><p>- Acrophylls 7–18 cm long, apex acuminate to caudate, abaxial surface sparsely to densely tomentose .......................................... 6</p><p>6. Acrophylls 5–8 cm wide, basal vein spreads up to 1/3 to 1/2 of lamina length; syconia 1.5–2 cm in diameter ............. F. pubigera</p><p>- Acrophylls 3–5 cm wide, basal vein spreads up to 1/5 to 1/3 of lamina length; syconia usually less than 1.5 mm in diameter ..... 7</p><p>7. Leaf lamina, petiole, branchlets, and syconia hairy to subglabrous; petiole and peduncle 2–4 mm in diameter; syconia globular, smooth ................................................................................................................................................................................... F. howii</p><p>- Leaf lamina, petiole, branchlets, and syconia densely hairy; petiole and peduncle thick, more than 5 mm in diameter; syconia ovoid or ellipsoid, with longitudinal ridges at the lower part .................................................................................................... F. flavifolia</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1435C864F757BC6234FF30E9B1E7FE59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Zhen;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Bui, Van Thanh;Liao, Shuai	Zhang, Zhen, Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Bui, Van Thanh, Liao, Shuai (2025): Ficus flavifolia (Moraceae), a new climbing fig tree from central Laos. Phytotaxa 701 (1): 105-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.701.1.8
