identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1B613F5A3451FFB1FF83FC77FB08F800.text	1B613F5A3451FFB1FF83FC77FB08F800.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Griburella Sassi 2025	<div><p>Griburella gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 81BE0D1D-848D-4F1A-ACA8-840237463401</p><p>Type species.  Griburella sanctaecrucis sp. nov., by monotypy.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name, which is feminine, is meant to highlight the proximity to the genus  Griburius, with which the new taxon shows morphological affinities.</p><p>Description. Head: vertex and frontoclypeal surface matt, looking finely knurled, covered with close, shallow punctation and scattered, long, adpressed, whitish setae. Labrum surface fairly convex and slightly raised, so that in frontal view labrum looking markedly curved (Figs 2c, 3k). Eyes hugely developed, bulging, upper eye lobes in contact along midline in male, very close to each other in females (Figs 1c, 2c). No hints of ocular lines along ocular rims. Ocular canthus sharp with excision barely less than 90°, not differentiated in punctation and setosity from the remainder of frontoclypeal surface. Small subtriangular area (= ocular pit), slightly depressed, bare, mildly shiny, starting from antennal socket, obliquely directed towards median line (op in fig. 3k). Antennae slender, filiform, with antennomeres 3–5, sublucid, thin, rod-shaped; 6–11 dull, slightly more flattened and more diffusedly setose.</p><p>Pronotum: about one-third elytron length, trapezoid-like, at base margined and not crenulate, with sides slightly converging forwards. Pronotal surface moderately convex, dull, looking finely knurled, covered with extremely dense, regularly spaced, shallow punctures and equally arranged short, recumbent, whitish setosity. Lateral margins slightly expanded, moderately grooved, not visible from above, regularly and shallowly curved. Anterior and hind corners square, not projecting, with small setigerous tubercle. All corners with seta. Pronotal posterior margin at middle slightly impressed and slightly extended backwards.</p><p>Scutellum: strongly raised, almost square with apex truncated in straight line.</p><p>Elytra: combined together, approximately 1.3 times longer than wide. Elytral outline slender, parallel-sided. Humeral calli moderately prominent, impunctate. Elytral suture straight, entire. Elytral surface regularly convex, only feebly flattened at middle of disc. Postscutellar area not raised. Surface ornamentation very similar to pronotal one, dull, looking finely knurled, covered with extremely dense, regularly spaced, shallow punctures and equally arranged short, adpressed, whitish setosity. No real rows of punctures present. Lateral margins narrow, barely visible from above. On lateral view, bending on elytral side weakly pronounced. Epipleura not folded inward, flat, dull, internally delimited by weak edge only on anterior section, i. e. from basal margin up to middle of elytral bending, surface ornamentation not different from remainder of elytron.</p><p>Underside: hypomera almost bare, moderately shiny, basically impunctate. Remainder of ventral surface matt, covered with thick, short, regularly distributed, adpressed setae and shallow punctures. Procoxae separated. Prosternal process longer than wide, devoid of antennal grooves, relatively narrow with sides slightly sinuous; basal portion slightly concave; apical portion convex, weakly carinate, tapering to blunt tip slightly extending beyond posterior margin of prothorax. Surface covered with coarse, shallow punctures and long, curly setae.</p><p>Legs: (Fig.2d) with femora and tibiae in both sexes straight, slim.Male protibiae with reduced sexual dimorphism. Profemora similar in shape and size to median and rear ones. Mesotibie devoid of terminal spurs. Tarsomeres short, not particularly widened. Fifth tarsomere with blackish, clearly appendiculate claws.</p><p>Comparative notes. The new taxon proposed here possesses highly distinctive morphological characters that complicate its assignment to known genera. At first glance, it shows some resemblance to many species of the genus  Griburius, particularly in the eye structure, with the eyes nearly meeting along the midline. However, closer examination reveals significant differences. The relatively slender silhouette, with the elytra approximately three times the length of the pronotum, and the shallow lateral elytral curvature set the new taxon apart from the typical  Griburius shape. Even more remarkable is the presence of appendiculate tarsal claws, a unique feature, as this condition has not been observed in any other species of  Pachybrachini . Other problematic traits include the morphology of the elytral epipleura. In closely related genera, the epipleura are clearly folded inward and have a sculpture distinct from that of the elytral surface. In  Griburius and  Metallactus Suffrian, 1866 the epipleural surface is smooth, flat, or slightly convex, lacking punctation or featuring only a few isolated punctures. In  Pachybrachis, the surface is flat or slightly concave, and it almost always features a row of relatively deep punctures. In contrast, in  Griburella, the epipleura are nearly vertically oriented, and the surface ornamentation is essentially identical to that of the elytral surface. In  Griburella, the interocular distance in males is greatly reduced, a condition not uncommon among  Pachybrachini and notably observed in  Griburius, but also, though less pronounced, in many  Pachybrachis species. However, and quite surprisingly, females in the new taxon also exhibit a significant reduction in interocular distance. Although more widely spaced than in males, the eyes in females are very close along the midline, whereas in other genera the female eyes are always well separated.Additionally, the prosternal process is particularly narrow, tapering posteriorly to a slightly carinate apex. In  Griburius, the prosternal process is distinctly different, being broader with a flat surface and usually a broadly rounded apex. The shape of this structure is instead more similar to that observed in  Metallactus and  Pachybrachis, although in these genera the prosternal process is generally wider. Again, in male  Griburella, the fore femora are not as strongly robust as in  Griburius, nor do the tibiae and tarsi show marked modifications. Thus, there are no significant differences in leg morphology between males and females. In this regard, the condition resembles several species of  Pachybrachis more than  Griburius .  Griburella also presents a small pit within the eye, with a slightly depressed, smooth and almost glabrous surface (Fig. 2c, op in fig. 3k). Although subtle, this condition does not appear to be present, to my knowledge, in any other  Pachybrachini species, making it noteworthy, even if its phylogenetic significance cannot be assessed based on data from a single species. Also remarkable, the labrum in  Griburella is strongly arched with a narrow and relatively deep median emargination (la in fig. 3k). In other  Pachybrachini genera, the labrum is flat, with a proportionally broader median emargination. A further noticeable feature in  Griburella can be observed in the female rectal apparatus (Fig. 3a), where the single ventral sclerite, whose apodemes are bent ventrally and not projected beyond rectus, is notably narrower than observed in other genera and is fully pigmented along its length. In related genera, the ventral sclerite is taller and is poorly pigmented in the central area.Additionally, the pigmentation of the dorsal sclerite is limited to the apodemes, and the apodemes do not extend beyond rectum and are bent dorsally. Figures 3b–d provide a comparative overview of the rectal apparatus among the type species of the genera: b:  Griburius ( G. scutellaris (Fabricius, 1801)), c:  Metallactus ( M. kollari (Perty, 1832)), and d:  Pachybrachis ( P. hieroglyphicus (Laicharting, 1781)) . Also peculiar in the new genus is the shape of the tergite VIII (4a–c), which has a very narrow notch at the center of the posterior margin, bordered by a pair of small, pigmented, and slightly raised projections (rp in fig. 4c). In other genera, the posterior margin of the tergite VIII typically shows a broader indentation, lacking specific bordering structures. Finally, the dorsal surface ornamentation, consisting of extremely dense and fine punctation paired with equally dense short setae, is unlike that seen in any other currently known South American  Pachybrachini species.</p><p>Further remarks. In the single available female specimen, the transverse, sinuous dorsal sclerite of the rectal apparatus has a short, pointed median projection directed posteriorly, a feature absent in other genera. However, further data are needed to confirm whether this characteristic is indeed diagnostic of the new genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B613F5A3451FFB1FF83FC77FB08F800	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sassi, Davide	Sassi, Davide (2025): A new genus of Pachybrachini from Bolivia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). Zootaxa 5588 (3): 455-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.3.4
1B613F5A3455FFB5FF83FF32FC11FA58.text	1B613F5A3455FFB5FF83FF32FC11FA58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Griburella sanctaecrucis Sassi 2025	<div><p>Griburella sanctaecrucis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FFF67FEA-1B20-4C17-B691-2131AF864790</p><p>(Figs 3; 4e–g; 5c; 6c)</p><p>Types. HOLOTYPE:   BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Department: ♂, glued, median lobe of aedeagus glued on the same card, // “BOLIVIA Santa Cruz Dept. Florida pr. 1050–1150 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.59861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.104723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.59861/lat -18.104723)">Refugio Los Volcanes</a> 18°06’17’’S 63°35’55’’W beating of vegetation L. SEKERKA lgt. 19.xii.2014 ” [white label, printed] // “  Griburella sanctaecrucis gen. &amp; sp. nov. HOLOTYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] // (NMPC).   PARATYPES (3): 2♂, // “ BOLIVIA: SANTA CRUZ  Res. Privada Potrerillos de Guendá; -17°40.26-63°27.44; blacklight; 10–29/XI/2006; B.K. Dozier ” [white label, printed] // (FSCA, DSPC);   1♀, // “ BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, 3.7 km SSE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.552532&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.49915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.552532/lat -17.49915)">Buena Vista, Hotel Flora &amp; Fauna</a> 405m 5– 15-XI-2001 17°29.949’S; 63°33.152’W M.C. Thomas &amp; B.K. Dozier tropical transition forest [white label, printed] // (FSCA). All paratypes also labelled // “  Griburella sanctaecrucis gen. &amp; sp. nov. PARAYPUS D. Sassi des.” [red label, printed] //  .</p><p>Type locality.  Refugio Los Volcanes (Florida Prov., Santa Cruz Dept., Bolivia).</p><p>Distribution. Bolivia (Santa Cruz Dept.).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is the latinized version of the name of the Bolivian department where the type locality is situated.</p><p>Diagnosis. The combination of characters—the slender body outline, the dark M-shaped elytral pattern on a yellowish background, the almost silky, matt appearance of the dorsal surfaces due to the unique arrangement of punctation and setosity, and the appendiculate claws—allows  G. sanctaecrucis to be readily distinguished from other South American  Pachybrachini species.</p><p>Description of male. Habitus in figs 1a–c (HT), 2b (PT). BL = 3.0– 3.1 mm, BW = 1.7 mm, PL = 0.9 mm, PW = 1.5–1.6. Antennal length (HT) = 2.8 mm. Ratio of antennomeres: 1.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 1.5; 1.5; 1.4; 1.4; 1.5.</p><p>Head: vertex and frontoclypeal surface chestnut with faint brownish hues. Labrum yellow with lower border lighter on sides. Basal half of mandibles chestnut, distal one dark brown. Setae on frontal surface longer and thicker along ocular rim and lower part of frontoclypeus. Mid-cranial suture faintly visible along lower part of vertex. Frontoclypeal sutures totally obliterated. Small, hollow, subtriangular pit with smooth, bare, moderately shiny surface on upper side of antennal socket, briefly extending along inner eye rim (op in fig. 3k). Antennae long, slender, reaching posterior elytral margin when bent backwards, inserted at about one third of ocular length from eye lower margin. First four basal antennomeres mostly chestnut with darker variegations, remainders totally blackish.</p><p>Pronotum: brownish with two curved yellow stripes extended from posterior to anterior margin, delimiting central third of pronotal surface. Anterior end of curved stripes blurred. Posterior pronotal margin mostly yellow as well. Posterolateral impressions well visible, oblique, delimiting narrow rear areas along posterior margin looking like slightly bulging, transverse furrows. Entire surface covered with dense, very fine punctation and short whitish setae.</p><p>Scutellum: chestnut, darker along margins. Surface dull, covered with coarse, shallow punctures.</p><p>Elytron: yellow with longitudinal darker pattern formed by large line developed along middle of elytron, starting just below anterior margin. Such stripe giving rise to two branches, first one almost straight, extending up to elytral clivus; second one, slenderer, forming an arch reaching suture and then reconnecting to first branch on clivus. Suture narrowly darkened as well. Further dark stripe on anterior third along suture. Finally, lateral margin largely darkened outside humeral tubercle, up to lateral clivus. Sometimes, elytral apex darkened too. Entire surface covered with short whitish setae and dense, uniform punctation, resulting in matt, almost spongy appearance. However, individual punctures, both in the dark patterned area and in the lighter parts, may be intensely blackened, suggesting traces of irregular striae.</p><p>Pygidium: totally yellow. Surface matt, covered with close, fine punctures and adpressed, pale setae.</p><p>Underside: ventral parts of thorax totally chestnut, only borders of abdominal ventrites yellowish. Median depression on fifth abdominal ventrite faint, hardly detectable. Ventrite posterior margin straight.</p><p>Legs: yellowish with distal tarsomeres at least partly darkened.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 1d–f) dorsoventrally flattened; in ventral view with sides gently sinuate along distal third so that maximum width just below apex. Apex sharp, triangular, straight in lateral view. Ventral surface marked with two deep longitudinal furrows along proximal half, externally delimited by sharp edge. Besides, two narrow drop-like depressions along apical sides, distally terminated by small but well-defined ridges just below apical tip. Setosity on sides limited to few long setae and few distinctly shorter ones. In dorsal view, apical foramen covered by two large, flat fraenula. Endophallus not examined.</p><p>Female. Habitus in figs 2a, 2c (PT). BL = 3.6 mm, BW = 2.0 mm, PL = 1.0 mm, PW = 1.8 mm. Interocular distance 2.8 % of BL.</p><p>In the only available female, the dorsal colouration is similar in pattern but lighter in colour shades. Besides, the interocular distance is broader and the antennae are shorter. Remarkably, although the eyes are more separated from each other than in males, the interocular distance is still unusually reduced in females, resulting in a distinctly 'masculine' appearance, which is quite peculiar among  Pachybrachini .</p><p>The fifth abdominal ventrite in females has a quite large, rounded and deep pit. The bottom of the pit is glabrous, matt, impunctate but covered by tiny wrinkles. The vasculum of the spermatheca (Fig. 3e) is scarcely pigmented with a straight proximal lobe not swollen at base; the distal lobe is longer than the proximal, regularly curved, with a pointed apex bent downwards. The ampulla is not pigmented, sitting at the end of the proximal lobe. The duct insertion and the sperm gland insertion are widely separated. The duct is uniform in size (evenly thickened), slender, straight, i. e. not coiled. The insertion on the bursa copulatrix is simple, i. e. neither swollen nor pigmented. Figures 3f–h provide a comparative overview of the spermatheca among the type species of the genera: f:  Griburius ( G. scutellaris), g:  Pachybrachis ( P. hieroglyphicus) h:  Metallactus ( M. kollari).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B613F5A3455FFB5FF83FF32FC11FA58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sassi, Davide	Sassi, Davide (2025): A new genus of Pachybrachini from Bolivia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). Zootaxa 5588 (3): 455-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.3.4
