taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
1B0B87EFFFACFFC5C76E4515BD17140A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258274/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258274	Fig. 3. Cirrinerilla sulcipalpata gen. et sp. nov. A, C, F. Holotype (NHMD 1842011). B. Paratype (NHMD 1842015). D, G. Paratype (NHMD 1842013). E. Live specimen (lost), H. Paratype (NHMD 1842012). A. Light microscopy (LM) with regenerating pygidial cirri, dorsal view. B. LM of oocytes and egg, dorsal view. C. Close-up of prostomium from A, showing lateral and median antennae scars, dorsal view. D. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity (α-tub IR) in the cilia of ten dorsal and lateral enteronephridia running along the hindgut in adult specimen (dorsal view, Z-stack maximum intensity projection). E. Dissecting scope images of live specimen with palps, long lateral antennae and long parapodial cirri, dorsal view. F. Close-up of palp from C. G. CLSM of α-tub IR in ventral nerve cord and cilia of segmental nephridia (dorsal view, Z-stack maximum intensity projection). H. CLSM of α-tub IR in cilia of spermioducts and oviducts (NHMD 1842012). Abbreviations: cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; eg = egg(s); ent = enteronephridium; gl = gland; hg = hindgut; la = lateral antenna; las = lateral antenna scar; mas = median antenna scar; mg = midgut; mo = mouth opening; n3–6 = nephridia in segment III–VI; oo = oocytes; ov = oviduct; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; rpc = regenerating pygidial cirrus; sp = spermioduct; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–VIII = segments I–VIII.	Fig. 3. Cirrinerilla sulcipalpata gen. et sp. nov. A, C, F. Holotype (NHMD 1842011). B. Paratype (NHMD 1842015). D, G. Paratype (NHMD 1842013). E. Live specimen (lost), H. Paratype (NHMD 1842012). A. Light microscopy (LM) with regenerating pygidial cirri, dorsal view. B. LM of oocytes and egg, dorsal view. C. Close-up of prostomium from A, showing lateral and median antennae scars, dorsal view. D. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity (α-tub IR) in the cilia of ten dorsal and lateral enteronephridia running along the hindgut in adult specimen (dorsal view, Z-stack maximum intensity projection). E. Dissecting scope images of live specimen with palps, long lateral antennae and long parapodial cirri, dorsal view. F. Close-up of palp from C. G. CLSM of α-tub IR in ventral nerve cord and cilia of segmental nephridia (dorsal view, Z-stack maximum intensity projection). H. CLSM of α-tub IR in cilia of spermioducts and oviducts (NHMD 1842012). Abbreviations: cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; eg = egg(s); ent = enteronephridium; gl = gland; hg = hindgut; la = lateral antenna; las = lateral antenna scar; mas = median antenna scar; mg = midgut; mo = mouth opening; n3–6 = nephridia in segment III–VI; oo = oocytes; ov = oviduct; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; rpc = regenerating pygidial cirrus; sp = spermioduct; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–VIII = segments I–VIII.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFACFFC5C76E4515BD17140A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258276/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258276	Fig. 4. Cirrinerilla sulcipalpata gen. et sp. nov., paratype (NHMD 1842015), scanning electron micrographs. A. Entire specimen, ventral view. B. Entire specimen, dorsal view. C. Close-up of parapodium, segment III, lateral view. D. Close-up of prostomium and segment I, dorsal view. E. Segments VII–VII and pygidium, close-up of spermioduct openings, ventral view. F. Segments II– III, ventral view. G. Compound chaetae of segments II–III. Abbreviations: acf = anterior field of sensory cilia; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; cs = chaetal shaft; las = lateral antennae scar; lrc = lateral row of cilia; mas = median antennae scar; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pvc = palp ventral ciliary row; pp3 = parapodium segment III; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pcs = parapodial cirrus scar; pf = palp furrow; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; so = spermioduct opening; ss/ba? = sensory cilium or bacterium; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–VIII = segments I–VIII.	Fig. 4. Cirrinerilla sulcipalpata gen. et sp. nov., paratype (NHMD 1842015), scanning electron micrographs. A. Entire specimen, ventral view. B. Entire specimen, dorsal view. C. Close-up of parapodium, segment III, lateral view. D. Close-up of prostomium and segment I, dorsal view. E. Segments VII–VII and pygidium, close-up of spermioduct openings, ventral view. F. Segments II– III, ventral view. G. Compound chaetae of segments II–III. Abbreviations: acf = anterior field of sensory cilia; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; cs = chaetal shaft; las = lateral antennae scar; lrc = lateral row of cilia; mas = median antennae scar; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pvc = palp ventral ciliary row; pp3 = parapodium segment III; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pcs = parapodial cirrus scar; pf = palp furrow; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; so = spermioduct opening; ss/ba? = sensory cilium or bacterium; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–VIII = segments I–VIII.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFACFFC5C76E4515BD17140A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258272/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258272	Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of 55 nerillid species using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses on four concatenated, partially sequenced genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3, and COI (excluding saturated 3rd codon positions, see Material and methods). Terminals presented in this study are highlighted in bold and clades A–D are designated with brackets on the right. Tree topologies are largely congruent among analyses. Both Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrapping (MLB) support values are shown for each node with full support in both analyses indicated by a star, and full support in only one of the analyses being denoted with an asterisk (*). A dash (-) is assigned when nodal support is below 0.5 or 50 for BPP and MLB, respectively. Each of the four diamonds next to the terminal name indicates their genes’ presence (black; diamonds lacking 25% filling = 25% incomplete fragment) or absence (white) in the analyses (i.e., 18S, 28S, COI and H3 from left to right).	Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of 55 nerillid species using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses on four concatenated, partially sequenced genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3, and COI (excluding saturated 3rd codon positions, see Material and methods). Terminals presented in this study are highlighted in bold and clades A–D are designated with brackets on the right. Tree topologies are largely congruent among analyses. Both Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrapping (MLB) support values are shown for each node with full support in both analyses indicated by a star, and full support in only one of the analyses being denoted with an asterisk (*). A dash (-) is assigned when nodal support is below 0.5 or 50 for BPP and MLB, respectively. Each of the four diamonds next to the terminal name indicates their genes’ presence (black; diamonds lacking 25% filling = 25% incomplete fragment) or absence (white) in the analyses (i.e., 18S, 28S, COI and H3 from left to right).	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB6FFC3C7224077B8D611F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258282/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258282	Fig. 5. Leptonerilla purschkei sp. nov. A–B. Holotype, ♀ (NHMD 1842016), light microscopy (LM), dorsal view. A. Overview showing one lateral antenna and antennae scars (indicated by arrowheads). B. Parapodia on one side of the posterior segments showing compound chaetae and joints (indicated by arrowheads), along with cylindrical double interramal cirri. C. Live animal dissecting scope image, showing intact antennae and pygidial cirri (indicated by a dashed line), dorsal view. D–E. Paratype, ♀ (NHMD 1842017), confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) labeled with anti-acetylated α-tubulin, maximum intensity projections of z-stack, ventral view. D. Posterior end, oviducts opening in segment VIII. E. Right side of specimen showing four segmental nephridia opening in segments IV–VII. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; ch = chaetae; e = eye; la = lateral antenna; ma = median antenna; mo = mouth opening; n4–7 = nephridia in segments IV–VII; ov = oviduct; pa = palp; py = pygidium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 5. Leptonerilla purschkei sp. nov. A–B. Holotype, ♀ (NHMD 1842016), light microscopy (LM), dorsal view. A. Overview showing one lateral antenna and antennae scars (indicated by arrowheads). B. Parapodia on one side of the posterior segments showing compound chaetae and joints (indicated by arrowheads), along with cylindrical double interramal cirri. C. Live animal dissecting scope image, showing intact antennae and pygidial cirri (indicated by a dashed line), dorsal view. D–E. Paratype, ♀ (NHMD 1842017), confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) labeled with anti-acetylated α-tubulin, maximum intensity projections of z-stack, ventral view. D. Posterior end, oviducts opening in segment VIII. E. Right side of specimen showing four segmental nephridia opening in segments IV–VII. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; ch = chaetae; e = eye; la = lateral antenna; ma = median antenna; mo = mouth opening; n4–7 = nephridia in segments IV–VII; ov = oviduct; pa = palp; py = pygidium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB6FFC3C7224077B8D611F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258285/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258285	Fig. 6. Leptonerilla purschkei sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NHMD 1842016), scanning electron micrographs. A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsal view. B. Close-up of prostomium and two anterior segments, showing one left palp and antennae scars. C. Close-up of segment IV, left side, showing interramal parapodial cirrus. D. Close-up of dorsal compound chaetae of segment IV. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; bc = buccal cirrus; bcs = buccal cirrus scar; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; cje = chaetal joint extension; cs = chaetal shaft; dcb = dorsal chaetal bundle; las = lateral antenna scar; ldc = longitudinal dorsal bandlet of cilia; mas = median antenna scar; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior ciliary field; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; vcb = ventral chaetal bundle; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 6. Leptonerilla purschkei sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NHMD 1842016), scanning electron micrographs. A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsal view. B. Close-up of prostomium and two anterior segments, showing one left palp and antennae scars. C. Close-up of segment IV, left side, showing interramal parapodial cirrus. D. Close-up of dorsal compound chaetae of segment IV. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; bc = buccal cirrus; bcs = buccal cirrus scar; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; cje = chaetal joint extension; cs = chaetal shaft; dcb = dorsal chaetal bundle; las = lateral antenna scar; ldc = longitudinal dorsal bandlet of cilia; mas = median antenna scar; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior ciliary field; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; vcb = ventral chaetal bundle; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB6FFC3C7224077B8D611F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258272/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258272	Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of 55 nerillid species using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses on four concatenated, partially sequenced genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3, and COI (excluding saturated 3rd codon positions, see Material and methods). Terminals presented in this study are highlighted in bold and clades A–D are designated with brackets on the right. Tree topologies are largely congruent among analyses. Both Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrapping (MLB) support values are shown for each node with full support in both analyses indicated by a star, and full support in only one of the analyses being denoted with an asterisk (*). A dash (-) is assigned when nodal support is below 0.5 or 50 for BPP and MLB, respectively. Each of the four diamonds next to the terminal name indicates their genes’ presence (black; diamonds lacking 25% filling = 25% incomplete fragment) or absence (white) in the analyses (i.e., 18S, 28S, COI and H3 from left to right).	Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of 55 nerillid species using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses on four concatenated, partially sequenced genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3, and COI (excluding saturated 3rd codon positions, see Material and methods). Terminals presented in this study are highlighted in bold and clades A–D are designated with brackets on the right. Tree topologies are largely congruent among analyses. Both Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrapping (MLB) support values are shown for each node with full support in both analyses indicated by a star, and full support in only one of the analyses being denoted with an asterisk (*). A dash (-) is assigned when nodal support is below 0.5 or 50 for BPP and MLB, respectively. Each of the four diamonds next to the terminal name indicates their genes’ presence (black; diamonds lacking 25% filling = 25% incomplete fragment) or absence (white) in the analyses (i.e., 18S, 28S, COI and H3 from left to right).	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB1FFCCC71E4397BE59121C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258287/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258287	Fig. 7. Leptonerilla westheidei sp. nov., light (B) and scanning electron micrographs (A, C–F). A, E. Holotype (NIBRIV0000927415). B. Adult female (lost) with eggs. C–D, F. Paratype (NIBRIV0000927416). A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsal view. B. Dorsal view. C. Dorsal view of parapodia and chaetae of right side. D. Dorsal view of prostomium and first (buccal) segment. E. Close up of segments V–VI. F. Frontal view of prostomium. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; bc = buccal cirrus; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cje = chaetal joint extension; cs = chaetal shaft; ct = ciliary tuft; dcb = dorsal chaetal bundle; eg = egg; gp = glandular pore; hg = hindgut; las = lateral antenna scar; ldc = longitudinal dorsal bandlet of cilia; mas = median antenna scar; mg = midgut; no = nuchal organ; oo = oocyte; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior ciliary field; pp3,5 = parapodium segment III, V; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; pyl = pygidial median lobe; pvc = palp ventral ciliary row; sc = simple chaeta; sct = small ciliary tuft; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; vcb = ventral chaetal bundle; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 7. Leptonerilla westheidei sp. nov., light (B) and scanning electron micrographs (A, C–F). A, E. Holotype (NIBRIV0000927415). B. Adult female (lost) with eggs. C–D, F. Paratype (NIBRIV0000927416). A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsal view. B. Dorsal view. C. Dorsal view of parapodia and chaetae of right side. D. Dorsal view of prostomium and first (buccal) segment. E. Close up of segments V–VI. F. Frontal view of prostomium. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; bc = buccal cirrus; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cje = chaetal joint extension; cs = chaetal shaft; ct = ciliary tuft; dcb = dorsal chaetal bundle; eg = egg; gp = glandular pore; hg = hindgut; las = lateral antenna scar; ldc = longitudinal dorsal bandlet of cilia; mas = median antenna scar; mg = midgut; no = nuchal organ; oo = oocyte; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior ciliary field; pp3,5 = parapodium segment III, V; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; pyl = pygidial median lobe; pvc = palp ventral ciliary row; sc = simple chaeta; sct = small ciliary tuft; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; vcb = ventral chaetal bundle; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB1FFCCC71E4397BE59121C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258285/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258285	Fig. 6. Leptonerilla purschkei sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NHMD 1842016), scanning electron micrographs. A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsal view. B. Close-up of prostomium and two anterior segments, showing one left palp and antennae scars. C. Close-up of segment IV, left side, showing interramal parapodial cirrus. D. Close-up of dorsal compound chaetae of segment IV. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; bc = buccal cirrus; bcs = buccal cirrus scar; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; cje = chaetal joint extension; cs = chaetal shaft; dcb = dorsal chaetal bundle; las = lateral antenna scar; ldc = longitudinal dorsal bandlet of cilia; mas = median antenna scar; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior ciliary field; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; vcb = ventral chaetal bundle; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 6. Leptonerilla purschkei sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NHMD 1842016), scanning electron micrographs. A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsal view. B. Close-up of prostomium and two anterior segments, showing one left palp and antennae scars. C. Close-up of segment IV, left side, showing interramal parapodial cirrus. D. Close-up of dorsal compound chaetae of segment IV. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; bc = buccal cirrus; bcs = buccal cirrus scar; cb = chaetal blade; cc = compound chaetae; cj = chaetal joint; cje = chaetal joint extension; cs = chaetal shaft; dcb = dorsal chaetal bundle; las = lateral antenna scar; ldc = longitudinal dorsal bandlet of cilia; mas = median antenna scar; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior ciliary field; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; vcb = ventral chaetal bundle; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFBEFFC9C73B40EFBD8B1427.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258291/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258291	Fig. 8. Meganerilla iensis sp. nov., holotype (NHMD 1842018), light microscopy (LM), dorsal view; A. Overview of entire specimen. B. Pygidial cirri on an adult specimen C. Peristomium, prostomium and palp of an adult specimen. D. Posterior parapodial cirri with brown pigmentation, dorsal view of an adult specimen. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pp = pygidial prolongation; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; sc = simple chaetae; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 8. Meganerilla iensis sp. nov., holotype (NHMD 1842018), light microscopy (LM), dorsal view; A. Overview of entire specimen. B. Pygidial cirri on an adult specimen C. Peristomium, prostomium and palp of an adult specimen. D. Posterior parapodial cirri with brown pigmentation, dorsal view of an adult specimen. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pp = pygidial prolongation; pr = prostomium; py = pygidium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; sc = simple chaetae; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFBEFFC9C73B40EFBD8B1427.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258297/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258297	Fig. 9. Meganerilla iensis sp. nov., holotype (NHMD 1842018), scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Close-up of prostomium and three anterior segments showing the palp, dorsal view. B. Close-up of segments V–IX with segment IX carrying pygidium, lateral view. C. Overview of entire specimen, ventral view. D. Close-up of parapodial cirrus carrying glands from C, segment VII, ventral view. E. Close-up of prostomium carrying the mouth opening, lateral view. F. Frontal view of prostomium. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; atvc = anterior transverse dorsal row of cilia; ct = ciliary tuft; gl = gland; lrc = lateral row of cilia; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pp1–3 = parapodium segment I–III; pr = prostomium; pvc = palp ventral ciliary row; py = pygidium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; sc = simple chaeta; sct = small ciliary tuft; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 9. Meganerilla iensis sp. nov., holotype (NHMD 1842018), scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Close-up of prostomium and three anterior segments showing the palp, dorsal view. B. Close-up of segments V–IX with segment IX carrying pygidium, lateral view. C. Overview of entire specimen, ventral view. D. Close-up of parapodial cirrus carrying glands from C, segment VII, ventral view. E. Close-up of prostomium carrying the mouth opening, lateral view. F. Frontal view of prostomium. Abbreviations: acf = anterior ciliary field; atvc = anterior transverse dorsal row of cilia; ct = ciliary tuft; gl = gland; lrc = lateral row of cilia; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pp1–3 = parapodium segment I–III; pr = prostomium; pvc = palp ventral ciliary row; py = pygidium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; sc = simple chaeta; sct = small ciliary tuft; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB9FFF1C7784077B8711797.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258299/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258299	Fig. 10. Mesonerilla gamaglandulata sp. nov., paratypes, adult specimens. A–B, D. NHMD 1842021. C. NHMD 1842023. E–I. NHMD 1842020. A–D. Light microscopy (LM). E–I. Confocal laser scanning micrographs. A. LM of a specimen with long pygidial cirrus, dorsal view. B. LM of parapodial cirri, dorsal view. C. LM of dorsal view of median antenna. D. LM of head with palps and three groups of glands (indicated by dashed circles), dorsal view. E. Maximum intensity projection of z-stack of phalloidin of the head of specimen labelled with phalloidin, ventral view. F. Anti-acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity showing pairs of nephridia in segment III–V, ventral view. G. Maximum intensity projection of z-stack of specimen labelled with anti-acetylated α-tubulin, focusing on posterior segments in adult specimen with gonoducts. H. Acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity of dorsal enteronephridia. I. Acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity of lateral enteronephridia. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; en = enteronephridia; gl = gland; hg = hindgut; lam = lateral antenna muscle; ma = median antenna; mam = median antenna muscle; mo = mouth opening; n3–5 = nephridia in segments III–V; ov = oviduct; pa = palp; pam = palp muscle; pc = parapodial cirrus; phb = pharyngeal bulbous; pyc = pygidial cirrus; sp = spermioduct; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–IX, segments I–IX.	Fig. 10. Mesonerilla gamaglandulata sp. nov., paratypes, adult specimens. A–B, D. NHMD 1842021. C. NHMD 1842023. E–I. NHMD 1842020. A–D. Light microscopy (LM). E–I. Confocal laser scanning micrographs. A. LM of a specimen with long pygidial cirrus, dorsal view. B. LM of parapodial cirri, dorsal view. C. LM of dorsal view of median antenna. D. LM of head with palps and three groups of glands (indicated by dashed circles), dorsal view. E. Maximum intensity projection of z-stack of phalloidin of the head of specimen labelled with phalloidin, ventral view. F. Anti-acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity showing pairs of nephridia in segment III–V, ventral view. G. Maximum intensity projection of z-stack of specimen labelled with anti-acetylated α-tubulin, focusing on posterior segments in adult specimen with gonoducts. H. Acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity of dorsal enteronephridia. I. Acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity of lateral enteronephridia. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; en = enteronephridia; gl = gland; hg = hindgut; lam = lateral antenna muscle; ma = median antenna; mam = median antenna muscle; mo = mouth opening; n3–5 = nephridia in segments III–V; ov = oviduct; pa = palp; pam = palp muscle; pc = parapodial cirrus; phb = pharyngeal bulbous; pyc = pygidial cirrus; sp = spermioduct; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–IX, segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB9FFF1C7784077B8711797.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258301/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258301	Fig. 11. Mesonerilla gamaglandulata sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs (SEM), adult specimens. A–C, E–H. Holotype (NHMH 1842019). D. Paratype (NHMH 1842023). A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsolateral view. B. Peristomium and prostomium carrying palps and medium antenna, dorsal view. C. Lateral row of 4–6 glandular papillae interrupted by tufts of cilia, lateral view. D. Close-up of the midventral ciliary band and transverse rows of cilia, ventral view. E. Close-up of segments VI–VII from A, carrying the gonoducts opening, ventral view. F. Frontal view of prostomium. G. Peristomium and prostomium carrying the mouth, ventral view. H. Close-up of the gonoducts opening on segments VI– VII, lateral view. Abbreviations: acf = anterior field of sensory cilia; bc = buccal cirrus; cc = compound chaetae; ma = median antenna; no = nuchal organ; ovo = oviducts opening; pa = palp; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pp1–8 = parapodium segment I–VIII; ppl = glandular papillae; pr = prostomium; so = spermioduct opening; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 11. Mesonerilla gamaglandulata sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs (SEM), adult specimens. A–C, E–H. Holotype (NHMH 1842019). D. Paratype (NHMH 1842023). A. Overview of entire specimen, dorsolateral view. B. Peristomium and prostomium carrying palps and medium antenna, dorsal view. C. Lateral row of 4–6 glandular papillae interrupted by tufts of cilia, lateral view. D. Close-up of the midventral ciliary band and transverse rows of cilia, ventral view. E. Close-up of segments VI–VII from A, carrying the gonoducts opening, ventral view. F. Frontal view of prostomium. G. Peristomium and prostomium carrying the mouth, ventral view. H. Close-up of the gonoducts opening on segments VI– VII, lateral view. Abbreviations: acf = anterior field of sensory cilia; bc = buccal cirrus; cc = compound chaetae; ma = median antenna; no = nuchal organ; ovo = oviducts opening; pa = palp; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pp1–8 = parapodium segment I–VIII; ppl = glandular papillae; pr = prostomium; so = spermioduct opening; tdc = transverse dorsal row of cilia; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFFB9FFF1C7784077B8711797.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258272/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258272	Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of 55 nerillid species using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses on four concatenated, partially sequenced genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3, and COI (excluding saturated 3rd codon positions, see Material and methods). Terminals presented in this study are highlighted in bold and clades A–D are designated with brackets on the right. Tree topologies are largely congruent among analyses. Both Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrapping (MLB) support values are shown for each node with full support in both analyses indicated by a star, and full support in only one of the analyses being denoted with an asterisk (*). A dash (-) is assigned when nodal support is below 0.5 or 50 for BPP and MLB, respectively. Each of the four diamonds next to the terminal name indicates their genes’ presence (black; diamonds lacking 25% filling = 25% incomplete fragment) or absence (white) in the analyses (i.e., 18S, 28S, COI and H3 from left to right).	Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of 55 nerillid species using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses on four concatenated, partially sequenced genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3, and COI (excluding saturated 3rd codon positions, see Material and methods). Terminals presented in this study are highlighted in bold and clades A–D are designated with brackets on the right. Tree topologies are largely congruent among analyses. Both Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrapping (MLB) support values are shown for each node with full support in both analyses indicated by a star, and full support in only one of the analyses being denoted with an asterisk (*). A dash (-) is assigned when nodal support is below 0.5 or 50 for BPP and MLB, respectively. Each of the four diamonds next to the terminal name indicates their genes’ presence (black; diamonds lacking 25% filling = 25% incomplete fragment) or absence (white) in the analyses (i.e., 18S, 28S, COI and H3 from left to right).	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFF83FFF2C71F4435BF8615D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258303/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258303	Fig. 12. Mesonerilla harubangi sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A, E, H. Holotype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924478). B. Paratype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924479). C–D. Paratype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924482). F. Paratype (NIBRIV0000924484). G. Paratype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924480). A. Overview of entire adult with brooding hood, dorsal view. B. Prostomium and intact lateral antenna of adult, lateral view. C. Palp broken off from adult, ventral view. D. Peristomium and prostomium of adult, ventral view. E. Closeup of segment IV–VI showing ciliation of adult, dorsal view. F. Close-up of segment V–VII showing ciliation and biramous parapodia of adult, ventrolateral view. G. Chaetae in adult, ventrolateral view. H. Brooding hood covering juvenile and embryo, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: an = anterior field of cilia; bc = buccal cirrus; bh = brooding hood; bl = chaetal blade; cs = chaetal shaft; ct = ciliary tuft; dt1–2 = dorsal ciliary tuft; em = embryo; es = extension of the shaft; ju = juvenile; la = lateral antenna; las = lateral antenna scar; ma = median antenna; mas = median antenna scar; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pr = prostomium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; vb = midventrally ciliary band; vt = ventrolateral ciliary tuft; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 12. Mesonerilla harubangi sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A, E, H. Holotype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924478). B. Paratype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924479). C–D. Paratype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924482). F. Paratype (NIBRIV0000924484). G. Paratype, ♀ (NIBRIV0000924480). A. Overview of entire adult with brooding hood, dorsal view. B. Prostomium and intact lateral antenna of adult, lateral view. C. Palp broken off from adult, ventral view. D. Peristomium and prostomium of adult, ventral view. E. Closeup of segment IV–VI showing ciliation of adult, dorsal view. F. Close-up of segment V–VII showing ciliation and biramous parapodia of adult, ventrolateral view. G. Chaetae in adult, ventrolateral view. H. Brooding hood covering juvenile and embryo, posterolateral view. Abbreviations: an = anterior field of cilia; bc = buccal cirrus; bh = brooding hood; bl = chaetal blade; cs = chaetal shaft; ct = ciliary tuft; dt1–2 = dorsal ciliary tuft; em = embryo; es = extension of the shaft; ju = juvenile; la = lateral antenna; las = lateral antenna scar; ma = median antenna; mas = median antenna scar; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; pa = palp; pc = parapodial cirrus; pr = prostomium; pyc = pygidial cirrus; vb = midventrally ciliary band; vt = ventrolateral ciliary tuft; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFF80FFFEC73147F1B8461062.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258305/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258305	Fig. 13. Mesonerilla dannyi sp. nov., light (A–D) and confocal laser scanning micrographs (E–F). A. Overview of an adult specimen (lost). B. Close-up of buccal cirri of an adult specimen (lost). C. Close-up of parapodial cirri of A. D. Posterior segment and pygidium with regenerating pygidial cirri of B. E–F. Holotype (NIBRIV0000924486). E. Maximum intensity projection of z-stack of specimen labelled with anti-acetylated α-tubulin showing gonoducts. F. Acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity of posterior segments, with arrowheads indicating enteronephridia. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; hg = hindgut; ov = voviduct; pc = parapodial cirrus; py = pygidium; rpc = regenerating pygidial cirrus; sp = spermioduct; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 13. Mesonerilla dannyi sp. nov., light (A–D) and confocal laser scanning micrographs (E–F). A. Overview of an adult specimen (lost). B. Close-up of buccal cirri of an adult specimen (lost). C. Close-up of parapodial cirri of A. D. Posterior segment and pygidium with regenerating pygidial cirri of B. E–F. Holotype (NIBRIV0000924486). E. Maximum intensity projection of z-stack of specimen labelled with anti-acetylated α-tubulin showing gonoducts. F. Acetylated α-tubulin immunoreactivity of posterior segments, with arrowheads indicating enteronephridia. Abbreviations: bc = buccal cirrus; hg = hindgut; ov = voviduct; pc = parapodial cirrus; py = pygidium; rpc = regenerating pygidial cirrus; sp = spermioduct; vnc = ventral nerve cord; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
1B0B87EFFF80FFFEC73147F1B8461062.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17258308/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258308	Fig. 14. Mesonerilla dannyi sp. nov. A–C. Paratype (NHMD 1842025), scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Overview of adult specimen, dorsal view. B. Frontal view of prostomium of adult specimen. C. Prostomium of adult specimen carrying the mouth, ventral view. D. Paratype (NHMD 1842024), close-up of segments VI–VII carrying the spermioducts and oviducts of juvenile, ventral view. Abbreviations: acf = anterior field of sensory cilia; cc = compound chaetae; las = lateral antenna scar; ma = median antenna; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; ovo = oviducts opening; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pp1–9 = parapodium segment I–XI; pr = prostomium; so = spermioduct opening; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–IX = segments I–IX.	Fig. 14. Mesonerilla dannyi sp. nov. A–C. Paratype (NHMD 1842025), scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Overview of adult specimen, dorsal view. B. Frontal view of prostomium of adult specimen. C. Prostomium of adult specimen carrying the mouth, ventral view. D. Paratype (NHMD 1842024), close-up of segments VI–VII carrying the spermioducts and oviducts of juvenile, ventral view. Abbreviations: acf = anterior field of sensory cilia; cc = compound chaetae; las = lateral antenna scar; ma = median antenna; mo = mouth opening; no = nuchal organ; ovo = oviducts opening; pcf = posterior field of sensory cilia; pp1–9 = parapodium segment I–XI; pr = prostomium; so = spermioduct opening; tvc = transverse ventral row of cilia; vc = midventral ciliary band; I–IX = segments I–IX.	2025-09-26	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa		Zenodo	biologists	Worsaae, Katrine;Hansen, Malte J.;Defourneaux, Éloïse;Olesen, Jørgen;Park, Jiseon;Park, Taeseo;Fujita, Yoshihisa			
