taxonID	type	description	language	source
2A704319C7935B23B6893922CC323CF6.taxon	description	Description. Habit evergreen trees, dioecious; exudate yellow (in Garcinia minutiflora), pale yellow (in G. santisukiana), white, turning creamish white (in G. merguensis) or creamish white (in G. rostrata), sticky; branches decussate, horizontal or nearly horizontal; branchlets 4 - angular, glabrous. Terminal bud concealed between the bases of the uppermost pair of petioles. Leaves decussate; lamina coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous; secondary veins curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, with interrupted long wavy lines (glandular wavy lines, also called exudate-containing canals) of differing lengths; petiole grooved above, with a small basal appendage clasping the branchlet. Inflorescences terminal, axillary, or on branchlets at leafless nodes (in axils of fallen leaves), in fascicles (clusters) of 2 – 10 - flowered cymes, sometimes in a short thyrse of 5 – 12 flowers (in male inflorescences of G. minutiflora), or a solitary flower (in female flowers of G. minutiflora and G. santisukiana). Flowers unisexual, 4 - merous; bracteoles 2 or 4, triangular or semi-orbicular; sepals and petals decussate; sepals semi-orbicular, broadly ovate, ovate, suborbicular, or orbicular; petals broadly elliptic, elliptic, orbicular, suborbicular, or obovate. Male flowers: stamens numerous, united into 4 bundles, antepetalous (opposite the petals); anthers small, sessile to subsessile, 2 - thecous; pistillode mushroom-shaped (fungiform). Female flowers: staminodes present (in G. santisukiana) or absent (in G. merguensis, G. rostrata); pistil mushroom-shaped; ovary unlobed, bilocular, sometimes unilocular or four-locular (in G. yunnanensis) (Gaudeul et al. 2024); stigma sessile, unlobed, and smooth (Gaudeul et al. 2024) or weakly to shallowly lobed and papillate. Fruits berries with a sticky yellow (G. minutiflora, G. santisukiana) or white, turning creamish white (G. merguensis, G. rostrata) exudate secreted from cut fruits, subglobose, globose, ovoid, or broadly ellipsoid, with a smooth surface and unlobed, with coriaceous pericarp; persistent stigma discoid and shallowly concave (in G. merguensis, G. rostrata), flattened (in G. santisukiana), or convex (G. minutiflora); persistent sepals small. Seeds 1 – 2, reddish brown, dark brown, black, or brown mottled with pale brown, depressed subglobose, depressed globose, or compressed, one side flat, another side slightly convex (elliptic or oblong in outline). Garcinia sect. Discostigma is characterised by its terminal or axillary, or on branchlets at leafless nodes, cymose inflorescences in fascicles of 2 – 10 flowers, sometimes in a short thyrse of 5 – 12 flowers, or a solitary flower; flowers with 4 sepals and 4 petals; male flowers with numerous stamens united into 4 bundles and with sessile to subsessile, 2 - thecous anthers, with a pistillode; bilocular ovaries, sometimes unilocular or four-locular; weakly to shallowly lobed or unlobed and papillate or smooth stigmas; and fruits with a smooth surface and unlobed, with coriaceous pericarp, with a discoid persistent stigma, sometimes with a flattened or a convex persistent stigma, and with small persistent sepals. Distinguishing sectional morphological characters reported here were partly taken from Jones (1980) and Gaudeul et al. (2024). According to Gaudeul et al. (2024), the unlobed and smooth stigmas are distinguishing sectional characters. However, from our examinations, all Thai species of Garcinia sect. Discostigma have weakly to shallowly lobed and papillate stigmas. As stated by Gaudeul et al. (2024), the fruits of Garcinia sect. Discostigma are capped with a conspicuous discoid stigma. Furthermore, from the author’s observations, we found the persistent stigma in fruits of this section can be discoid and shallowly concave (in G. merguensis, G. rostrata), flattened (in G. santisukiana), or convex (in G. minutiflora). A section of 60 species worldwide (Gaudeul et al. 2024), four species in Thailand [i. e., Garcinia merguensis Wight, G. minutiflora Ridl., G. rostrata (Hassk.) Miq., and G. santisukiana Ngerns. & Suddee)]. Numbers of species in Garcinia sect. Discostigma recognised by Jones (1980) and Gaudeul et al. (2024) is shown in Table 1.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
66DAD306AAEF5A18AFE86F54D4F94553.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
66DAD306AAEF5A18AFE86F54D4F94553.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 3 – 15 (– 20) m tall, 15 – 80 (– 120) cm GBH; exudate white, turning creamish white, sticky; branchlets green, 4 - angular, glabrous. Bark brown or dark brown, slightly rough or scaly; inner bark pale brown. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic, narrowly or broadly elliptic, 6.4 – 13.7 × 2.8 – 6.2 cm, apex acute or tapering to a long blunt tip, 0.6 – 1 cm long, base cuneate, margin entire or repand, coriaceous, dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib slightly raised above, raised below, secondary veins 13 – 18 on each side, 4 – 7 mm apart from each other, departing from the midrib at an angle of 45 ° – 55 °, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, visible on both surfaces, with intersecondary veins, 2.5 – 3.5 mm apart from secondary veins, veinlets reticulate, faint above, visible below, interrupted long wavy lines present, of differing lengths, nearly parallel to the midrib, running across the secondary veins to the apex, visible below; petiole 5 – 8.5 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm diam., grooved above, glabrous, with a small basal appendage clasping the branchlet; fresh leaves tough (not brittle) when crushed; young leaves reddish brown, turning pale green, glossy. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, in fascicles of 2 – 8 - flowered cymes or solitary (number of flowers per inflorescence of male inflorescences more than female inflorescences). Flowers unisexual; bracteoles 2, opposite; sepals and petals decussate, concave, glabrous. Flower buds green, subglobose or globose, 2 – 4 mm diam. Male flowers in fascicles of 3 – 8 flowers, 0.7 – 1.2 cm diam.; bracteoles triangular, 1 – 1.7 × 0.9 – 1.5 mm, apex acute; pedicel green, 2 – 6.5 mm long, 0.6 – 1.5 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, the outer pair smaller than the inner pair, the outer pair semi-orbicular, 1 – 2 × 1 – 2.1 mm, apex obtuse, the inner pair broadly ovate, 2.3 – 3.5 × 2 – 5 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, pale yellow or yellow, broadly elliptic or orbicular, 3 – 5.7 × 3.2 – 5.7 mm, subequal, apex obtuse or rounded; stamens numerous, united into 4 bundles, each bundle 1.7 – 4 × 1 – 4 mm; filaments very short; anthers small; pistillode mushroom-shaped, 2.5 – 4.5 mm long; sterile stigma sessile, convex, 2.8 – 3.7 mm diam., papillate. Female flowers in fascicles of 2 – 3 flowers or solitary, 4.5 – 8.5 mm diam.; bracteoles triangular, 0.5 – 1.1 × 0.5 – 1 mm, apex acute; pedicel green, 2.5 – 6 mm long, 0.3 – 0.5 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, the outer pair smaller than the inner pair, the outer pair semi-orbicular, 1 – 2.2 × 1 – 2.5 mm, apex obtuse, the inner pair broadly ovate or orbicular, 2.5 – 4.7 × 2.2 – 5.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, pale yellow or yellow, broadly elliptic, elliptic, or orbicular, 3 – 6 × 3.2 – 6 mm, subequal, apex rounded or obtuse; staminodes absent; pistil mushroom-shaped; ovary pale green, subglobose, 1.5 – 3.5 × 2 – 3.5 mm; stigma bright red or pale yellow, sessile, convex, 2.3 – 5 mm diam., unlobed, papillate. Fruits berries, subglobose or globose, 1.7 – 2.3 × 1.7 – 2.4 cm, green or dark green, turning yellow when ripe, smooth and glabrous, pericarp coriaceous, c. 2.5 – 5 mm thick, cut fruits with a sticky white exudate, with persistent sepals; persistent stigma blackish brown or dark brown, discoid and shallowly concave, 4 – 5.5 mm diam., unlobed, papillate; fruiting stalk 5 – 8 mm long, 1.2 – 1.5 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 2, reddish brown or dark brown, depressed subglobose or depressed globose, 1.4 – 1.7 × 1.2 – 1.7 cm, with a thin fleshy pulp.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
66DAD306AAEF5A18AFE86F54D4F94553.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India (Assam, Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Bangladesh, Myanmar (Tenasserim, Mergui Archipelago), Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia [Kedah (including Langkawi Island), Penang, Perak, Kelantan, Pahang, Malacca], Singapore, Indonesia [Sumatra, reported by Jabit et al. (2009)], Borneo [Malaysia (Sarawak), Indonesia (Kalimantan)]. (Fig. 5).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
66DAD306AAEF5A18AFE86F54D4F94553.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. It is found in all floristic regions. Northern: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; North-Eastern: Loei; Eastern: Nakhon Ratchasima; South-Western: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Central: Nakhon Nayok; South-Eastern: Chon Buri, Chanthaburi, Trat; Peninsular: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. (Fig. 5).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
66DAD306AAEF5A18AFE86F54D4F94553.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia merguensis was named after the Mergui Archipelago, southern Myanmar, where William Griffith (1810 – 1845), a British colonial physician and botanist, collected the type specimen.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
11FCE676992E5085A6C293BC9F9885D0.taxon	description	Fig. 6.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
11FCE676992E5085A6C293BC9F9885D0.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 3 – 8 (– 15) m tall, 20 – 40 (– 60) cm GBH; exudate yellow, sticky; branchlets 4 - angular, glabrous. Bark dark greyish brown to dark brown, smooth, rough, or scaly. Leaves obovate or elliptic, 3.8 – 6 × 1.7 – 3.7 cm, apex obtuse or retuse, base cuneate or obtuse, margin entire and finely revolute, coriaceous, dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib slightly raised above, raised below, secondary veins 5 – 9 on each side, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, conspicuous on both surfaces, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, conspicuous on both surfaces, with many scattered black gland dots below, interrupted long wavy lines present, of differing lengths, nearly parallel to the midrib, running across the secondary veins to the apex or the margin, visible below; petiole 0.3 – 1 cm long, 1 – 2 mm diam., grooved above, glabrous, with a small basal appendage clasping the branchlet; fresh leaves brittle when crushed; young leaves pale green and petiole red or reddish green; dry leaves brown or brownish green. Inflorescences axillary or on branchlets at leafless nodes (in axils of fallen leaves), in short thyrses of 5 – 12 flowers, 2 – 3 - flowered cymes, or solitary. Flowers unisexual; bracteoles 4, decussate; sepals and petals decussate, glabrous. Flower buds pale green, subglobose or globose, c. 2 mm diam. Male flowers in a short thyrse, 0.8 – 2 cm long, 5 – 12 flowers, small, 1.8 – 2 mm diam.; bracteoles semi-orbicular, 0.7 – 1.1 × 0.9 – 1 mm, apex obtuse; pedicel pale green, 1.4 – 1.5 mm long, 1.7 – 1.8 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, concave, the outer pair slightly larger than the inner pair, the outer pair suborbicular or broadly ovate, 1.6 – 2 × 1.6 – 2 mm, apex obtuse, the inner pair ovate or suborbicular, 1 – 1.5 × 1 – 1.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, creamish white or pale yellow, obovate, 1 – 1.5 × 0.8 – 1.1 mm, subequal, apex obtuse or rounded, slightly smaller than the sepals; stamens numerous, filaments completely united into 4 bundles, each bundle 0.4 – 0.5 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm; anthers globose or subglobose, 0.1 – 0.2 × c. 0.1 mm; pistillode mushroom-shaped, 0.5 – 0.7 mm long; sterile stigma sessile, slightly convex, c. 0.3 mm diam., weakly 4 – 5 - lobed, papillate. Female flowers not seen. Fruits berries, subglobose, globose, or broadly ellipsoid, 1.4 – 1.7 × 1.3 – 1.5 cm, green, smooth with fine longitudinal striate, glabrous, pericarp coriaceous, c. 0.6 mm thick, cut fruits with a sticky yellow exudate, with small persistent sepals; persistent stigma blackish brown or dark brown, convex, 2 – 3 mm diam., weakly 4 – 5 - lobed, papillate; fruiting stalk 2 – 3 mm long, 1.5 – 3 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 2, black when dry, depressed subglobose, c. 1.1 × 1.2 cm, c. 7.8 mm thick, with a thin fleshy pulp.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
11FCE676992E5085A6C293BC9F9885D0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia [Perlis, Kedah (Langkawi Island), Penang, Kelantan].	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
11FCE676992E5085A6C293BC9F9885D0.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. Peninsular: Phangnga, Krabi.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
11FCE676992E5085A6C293BC9F9885D0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia minutiflora comes from the Latin compound words minutus, meaning very small or minute, and - flora, flos, meaning flower, referring to the very small flowers (Stearn 1992; Radcliffe-Smith 1998; Gledhill 2002).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
3D6F2B05F97D5835AA36E6A967A12C74.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8, 9, 10, 11	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
3D6F2B05F97D5835AA36E6A967A12C74.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 5 – 20 m tall, 30 – 100 cm GBH, sometimes buttressed near the base of the stem in large trees; exudate white, turning creamish white, sticky; branchlets green, 4 - angular, glabrous. Bark brown or greyish brown, slightly rough or scaly; inner bark pale brown. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 5.3 – 11.3 × 2 – 5.7 cm, apex tapering to a long blunt tip, (0.7 –) 1 – 2 cm long, base cuneate, margin entire or repand, coriaceous, dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib slightly raised above, raised below, secondary veins 15 – 19 on each side, 2.5 – 5.5 mm apart from each other, departing from the midrib at an angle of 65 ° – 80 °, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, visible on both surfaces, with intersecondary veins, 1.5 – 2 mm apart from secondary veins, veinlets reticulate, faint above, visible below, interrupted long wavy lines present, of differing lengths, nearly parallel to the midrib, running across the secondary veins to the apex, visible below; petiole 0.3 – 1 cm long, 1 – 1.4 mm diam., grooved above, glabrous, with a small basal appendage clasping the branchlet; fresh leaves tough (not brittle) when crushed; young leaves red or pale greenish red, turning pale green, glossy. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, in fascicles of 2 – 10 - flowered cymes or solitary (number of flowers per inflorescence of male inflorescences more than female inflorescences). Flowers unisexual; bracteoles 2, opposite; sepals and petals decussate, concave, glabrous. Flower buds green, subglobose or globose, 2 – 3 mm diam. Male flowers in fascicles of 3 – 10 flowers, lightly fragrant, 5 – 6.5 mm diam., sticky; bracteoles triangular, 0.5 – 1.2 × 0.5 – 1.1 mm, apex acute; pedicel green, 2 – 4 mm long, 0.7 – 1.3 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, the outer pair smaller than the inner pair, the outer pair semi-orbicular, 0.7 – 1 × 0.6 – 1.4 mm, apex obtuse, the inner pair broadly ovate or ovate, 1.5 – 3.5 × 1 – 3 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, pale yellow or yellow, broadly elliptic, elliptic or orbicular, 1.5 – 3.5 × 1 – 3 mm, subequal, apex obtuse or rounded; stamens numerous, united into 4 bundles, each bundle 1.5 – 3 × 1 – 1.7 mm; filaments very short; anthers small; pistillode mushroom-shaped, 2 – 2.5 mm long; sterile stigma sessile, convex, 1.2 – 2 mm diam., papillate. Female flowers in fascicles of 2 – 3 flowers or solitary, 4.5 – 7 mm diam.; bracteoles triangular, 0.5 – 1.2 × 0.5 – 1 mm, apex acute; pedicel green, 3 – 6.5 mm long, 1 – 1.5 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, pale green, the outer pair smaller than the inner pair, the outer pair semi-orbicular, 0.7 – 1.2 × 0.7 – 1.5 mm, apex obtuse, the inner pair broadly ovate or ovate, 1.7 – 3.5 × 1 – 2.5 mm, apex obtuse; petals 4, pale yellow or yellow, broadly elliptic or orbicular, 1.7 – 4 × 1.8 – 3.5 mm, subequal, apex rounded or obtuse; staminodes absent; pistil mushroom-shaped; ovary pale green, subglobose or globose, 1 – 2 × 1.3 – 2.3 mm; stigma pale yellow, sessile, convex, 2.5 – 3 mm diam., unlobed, papillate. Fruits berries, subglobose or globose, 1 – 1.2 × 0.7 – 1.2 cm, green (colour of ripe fruits not recorded), smooth and glabrous, pericarp coriaceous, c. 6 – 6.5 mm thick, cut fruits with a sticky white exudate, with persistent sepals; persistent stigma blackish brown or dark brown, discoid and shallowly concave, 7 – 9 mm diam., unlobed, papillate; fruiting stalk 3 – 6.5 mm long, 1.2 – 2 mm diam. Seeds 1 – 2, reddish brown or dark brown, depressed subglobose, 0.9 – 1.2 × 0.7 – 0.9 cm, with a thin fleshy pulp.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
3D6F2B05F97D5835AA36E6A967A12C74.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia [Kedah (including Langkawi Island), Penang, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, Johor], Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Maluku Islands), Borneo [Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Kalimantan)], Philippines (Mindoro, Capiz, Leyte, Palawan, Basilan) (Fig. 12).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
3D6F2B05F97D5835AA36E6A967A12C74.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. Peninsular: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat (Fig. 12).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
3D6F2B05F97D5835AA36E6A967A12C74.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia rostrata is a Latin word meaning beaked, with a long beak, and refers to the fact that the leaf apex has a long beak.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
8CE0494433BB5A7285A50AD2500D27FB.taxon	description	Description. Habit trees, 5 – 18 m tall, 20 – 85 cm GBH; exudate pale yellow, sticky; branchlets 4 - angular, glabrous. Bark greyish-brown to dark brown, scaly; inner bark pale yellow. Leaves elliptic or obovate, 2.7 – 9.7 × 1.5 – 4.3 cm, apex acute, sometimes retuse, base cuneate, margin entire, subcoriaceous or coriaceous, dark green above, paler below, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib flattened above, raised below, secondary veins 9 – 14 on each side, curving towards the margin and connected in distinct loops and united into an intramarginal vein, visible on both surfaces, with intersecondary veins, veinlets reticulate, faint on both surfaces, with scattered black gland dots on both surfaces, interrupted long wavy lines present, of differing lengths, nearly parallel to the midrib, running across the secondary veins to the margin, visible below; petiole 0.5 – 1.3 cm long, 1 – 1.7 mm diam., shallowly grooved above, glabrous, with a small basal appendage clasping the branchlet; fresh leaves brittle when crushed; young leaves red or reddish brown, turning pale green, glossy. Inflorescences on branchlets at leafless nodes, in fascicles of 3 – 5 flowered cymes or solitary. Flowers unisexual, lightly fragrant, 4 – 7 mm diam.; bracteoles 4, decussate, green; sepals and petals decussate, sepals green, glabrous, petals creamish white or pale yellow. Flower buds pale green, subglobose or globose, 2.5 – 3.5 mm diam. Male flowers mostly in fascicles of 3 – 5 flowers; bracteoles triangular, 0.3 – 0.7 × 0.6 – 1 mm, apex acute; pedicel green, 1 – 2 mm long, 1 – 1.7 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, semi-orbicular, c. 1 × 1 – 1.5 mm, apex rounded; petals 4, obovate, 3 – 5 × 2.2 – 3.2 mm, concave, apex rounded; stamens numerous, united into 4 bundles, each bundle 2 – 3 × 1.2 – 1.5 mm, creamish white; filaments very short; anthers small; pistillode mushroom-shaped, 3 – 3.6 mm long; sterile stigma pale yellow, sessile, convex, 1 – 1.5 mm diam., papillate. Female flowers solitary or in fascicles of 3 – 5 flowers; bracteoles semi-orbicular, 0.8 – 1 × 1 – 1.5 mm, apex rounded; pedicel green, 1.5 – 2.5 mm long, 1.5 – 1.8 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 4, equal, semi-orbicular, 1 – 1.5 × 1 – 2 mm, apex rounded; petals 4, suborbicular or obovate, 3 – 4 × 2.5 – 3.5 mm, concave, apex rounded; staminodes united into 4 bundles at the base of ovary, opposite petals; pistil mushroom-shaped; ovary green, subglobose, 1 – 2 × 1.8 – 2.2 mm; stigma pale yellow, sessile, convex, 2 – 2.2 mm diam., weakly or shallowly 4 - lobed, papillate. Fruits berries, subglobose or ovoid, 1.5 – 2.7 × 1 – 2.5 cm, green, turning red when ripe, smooth and glabrous, pericarp coriaceous, c. 0.8 mm thick, cut fruits with a sticky yellow exudate, with small persistent sepals; persistent stigma blackish brown, flattened, 2 – 2.2 mm diam., weakly or shallowly 4 - lobed, papillate; fruiting stalk 1.5 – 2.5 mm long. Seeds 1 – 2, brown mottled with pale brown, compressed, one side flat with conspicuous hilum, another side slightly convex, elliptic or oblong in outline, 1.5 – 2 × 1 – 1.5 cm, rounded at both ends, with a yellow fleshy pulp (Fig. 13).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
8CE0494433BB5A7285A50AD2500D27FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from north-eastern and eastern regions of Thailand, but to be expected in Laos and Cambodia.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
8CE0494433BB5A7285A50AD2500D27FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Thailand. North-Eastern: Buengkan, Nakhon Phanom; Eastern: Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani.	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
8CE0494433BB5A7285A50AD2500D27FB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of Garcinia santisukiana was in honour of the late Prof. Dr Thawatchai Santisuk (1944 – 2020), one of Thailand’s most widely respected plant taxonomists (Ngernsaengsaruay and Suddee 2022).	en	Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai, Chanton, Pichet, Boonthasak, Weereesa, Bhuchaisri, Wanwisa (2025): A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand. PhytoKeys 261: 275-315, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.261.156445
