taxonID	type	description	language	source
1E4887E6984FFFF7528400A8FB4CFD82.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — [FRENCH GUIANA]. Habitat in insulis fluvii Sinemariensis (on an island in the Sinnamary River) [1775], Aublet s. n. (lectotype: LINN [LINN HS 148 - 3, digital image!]). Notes: — Aublet’s name (1775) is a later illegitimate homonym of Linnaeus’ (1759) according to Art. 53.1 of ICBN. Aublet (1775: 910) did not cite any syntype (Art. 9.6 of ICBN), but he provided a drawing (“ Tabula 347 ”, image available at https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 13828 # page / 156 / mode / 1 up) which is part of the original material for the name. Brandbyge (1986) considered this drawing sufficiently detailed to synonymize Triplaris americana Aubl. with T. weigeltiana (Rchb.) Kuntze. Brandbyge’s act was consistent with the opinion of Chamisso (1833) who cautioned that the T. americana of different authors were not all the same species, many being very poorly known. Brandbyge (1986) did not designate a type for the Aublet T. americana. Our search for Aublet collections of Triplaris yielded two specimens, one at BM (BM 993261), a known repository for Aublet specimens (HUH-IB, 2022), and the other one at LINN-HS (no. 148.3). The BM specimen is an Aublet collection with an annotatation of the locality (“ Guyana. ”) but without a date. The specimen has been annotated by Brandbyge as the probable type of Aublet’s T. americana. Additionally, the specimen itself superficially resembles the drawing given with the protologue, even including a zig-zag pattern in the apical nodes. LINN-HS 148.3 includes little information. It comes from near “ Cayenne ” (the current capital of French Guiana) and was collected in 1775. It is important to note that Aublet (1775) indicated the provenance of his T. americana as “ Habitat in insulis fluvii Sinemariensis, & in loci submersis amnis Galibiensis ”. Due to the matching date of LINN-HS 148.3, this specimen represents the obligated choice over Aublet’s illustration (see Art. 9.12, Ex. 12 of ICBN) as the lectotype of Triplaris americana by Aublet (1775).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984FFFF052840690FD37F904.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: — Triplaris americana L. (1759: 881)	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984FFFF052840690FD37F904.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Dugand 1960: 388): — VENEZUELA. Barcelona, February 1755 (fr), collector unknown (neotype: LINN [LINN 108.1, digital image!]). = Blochmannia Rchb. (1828: 163).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984FFFF052840690FD37F904.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: — Blochmannia weigeltiana (Rchb.) Kuntze (Type: — SURINAME. 1827 (fr), Weigelt s. n. (B [B 10 - 0250409, digital image!]). [see notes under species treatment for Triplaris weigeltiana] ≡ Vellasquezia Bertol. (1840: 39 – 40). Type species: — Vellasquezia melaenodendron Bertol. (Type: — Florula Guatimalensis. t. 46. 1840. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6915489 # page / 568 /]). [see notes under the species treatment for Triplaris melaenodendron] Notes on the generic type: — The genus name was first used by Loefling in his Iter Hispanicum (1758). Possibly because it was a posthumous publication, the name Triplaris is mentioned and briefly described, but no specimen is cited. Loefling was a student of Linnaeus, who prepared Loefling’s Iter Hispanicum. Although Linnaeus did not complete the Triplaris entry in Iter Hispanicum (1758), he did include Triplaris in the 2 nd volume of the 10 th edition of Systema Naturae (Linnaeus 1759). Here there is a brief description given as well as the addition of the epithet “ americana ”. Dorr & Wiersema (2010 a) argued that the genus Triplaris was validly published by Loefling in Iter Hispanicum (1758) and that the type species T. americana L. was published later by Linnaeus in Systema Naturae (1759) with Loefling’s description being the " the sole basis for T. americana L. ". There had been confusion for many years as to the specimen for the type of the genus (Triplaris americana L.). This issue was clarified by Dugand (1960) who discovered a specimen of T. americana in the Linnaean herbarium (LINN no. 108.1) which, from that time, had been regarded as the lectotype of the Linnaean name. As a result, T. americana was also considered to be the generitype (Dugand 1960, Brandbyge 1986). Yet, it is not clear that any Loefling specimens from Venezuela survived. Dorr & Wiersema (2010 a) argued that the genus Triplaris was validly published by Loefling and that his description was " the sole basis for T. americana L. ", such that if the type (LINN 108.1) designated by Dugand " does not trace back to Loefling, then the Linnaean specimen must be considered a neotype ". Dorr & Wiersema (2010 b) subsequently refer to the material in question as a neotype. We follow that here. More information about the type specimen can be found in the T. americana L. entry. Taxonomic notes: — In addition to Ruprechtia, Triplaris has a taxonomic relationship to two other genera, i. e. Vellasquezia Bertol. (occasionally given as Velasquezia, e. g. by Pritzel 1855) and Blochmannia Rchb. Both of these genera were synonymized with Triplaris in The Flora of Panama by Duke (1960). The protologue of Vellasquezia includes a type locality (“ Habitat in Esquintla ”) and a plate (“ Tab. XII ”) but no specimen. After examining the plate, we concur that this is a species of Triplaris. Brandbyge (1986) incorrectly designated a neotype for the type species V. melaeonodendron Bertol. at F (FV 0067822 F) based on the illustration and the type locality. We correct this below by designating a lectotype and an epitype under the treatment for T. melaenodendron. The protologue indicated the type of Blochmannia to be among Weigelt’s exsiccate. Brandbyge (1986) designated a lectotype at B (Weigelt 1827). There are three sheets of Weigelt 1827 at B (B 10 - 0250408, B 10 - 0250409, and B 10 - 0250410) and Brandbyge (1986) has not left any labels indicating which is the lectotype and which are isolectotypes. Nevertheless, after examination of the specimens, we would consider all three as specimens of Triplaris, and we designate one as the lectotype. See individual species treatments for more information and clarification on the type specimens for Vellasquezia and Blochmannia.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69848FFF75284043BFE36FB38.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Dugand 1960): — [VENEZUELA. Barcelona, February 1755] (fr), Unknown Collector (neotype: LINN [LINN 108.1, digital image!]). Notes: — This is the accepted publication for the name Triplaris americana. The type specimen was uncovered and attached to this name by Dugand (1960) after much research and visits to many herbaria. The specimen is from the Linnaean herbarium (LINN) but it is unclear who collected the specimen. This is not something that Dugand (1960) reports and it is not part of the collection data currently associated with the specimen. It is speculation that Loefling is the collector who, being a student of Linnaeus, sent many of his collections back to Linnaeus for study, but it is not certain. For discussion of Loefling and his collections see Dorr & Wiersema (2010 a, b, c). The collection metadata (locality, date, etc.) do not appear on the specimen or in the protologue but are provided by Dugand (1960) presumably from other sources associated with the collection. Dugand (1960) lists the locality as “ circa Barcelonam in littore Venezuelae ” because other collections of Loefling made at the same time were made in Barcelona. The Barcelona on the Venezuelan coast referred to here is, given the locality, most likely the present-day capital of Anzoátegui, situated near Puerto la Cruz. This is the type of the genus, which was first named by Loefling in his Iter Hispanicum (1758). See genus entry above for more details.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69848FFF7528402BEFBEBF99E.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — [ECUADOR]. Ad flum. Guayaquil (at the river Guayaquil), [1822] (fr), Jameson s. n. (lectotype: K [K 585001, digital image!], isolectotype: NY 324209 [digital imag!]). Notes: — Meisner referenced a collection “ Ad flum. Guayaquil (Jameson!) ” and later “ (v. s. in h. Arnott.) ”. Brandbyge (1986) located a single Jameson s. n. collection at K that matches the protologue and was a part of Arnott’s herbarium. While this appears to be the specimen referenced by Meisner, because Meisner also referenced the entire collection, we cannot be certain that this was the only specimen he considered while writing his description. As a result, this specimen is considered a lectotype not the holotype (Art. 9.1 of ICBN). A duplicate of this specimen is located at NY. Both the lectotype and the isolectotype are only fruit collections. The NY specimen comes with metadata indicating that it was collected in 1822. This date is not written on the sheet itself or given in the protologue.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69848FFF652840017FBF6FB9F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — MEXICO. (fruits) Pavon s. n. (lectotype: NY [NY 324203, digital image!], isolectotype: NY 324202 [digital image!]). Type (designated here): — PERU. (fruits) Ruíz and Pavón 33 - 99 (epitype: MA [MA 811362, digital image!], isoepitypes: F [F- 042727 F, digital image!] and MA [MA 811362, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue includes the citation of locality and collector (“ In Novâ-Granatâ? Et Mexico (Pavon! In herb. Shuttlew.). T. Americana Pavon! mss. ” And, at the end of the description “ (v. s. in h. Shuttlew.) ”. Therefore, Meisner had seen at least a specimen collected by Pavon and identified by him as “ T. americana ” and included in Shuttleworth’s collection. Brandbyge (1986) suggested a MA specimen (Ruíz and Pavón 33 - 99) as the type, but he did not give a formal designation. Moreveor, Brandbyge (1986) also mentioned a second specimen at MA (Sessé and Mociño 4787) as a possible type. However, since those collectors were not cited in the protologue by Meisner (1856: 174 – 175), this sheet cannot be considered as part of the original type material. Standley (1936) in his treatment of Polygonaceae for Macbride’s Flora of Peru also indicated an MA specimen collected by Ruíz and Pavón (33 - 99) as the most likely candidate for the type. We found a duplicate of Ruíz and Pavón 33 - 99 at F (F V 0042727 F), which has been annotated by Brandbyge as a possible type of Triplaris auriculata. The difficulty with this specimen is that its locality (“ in vice-regno Peruviano et Chilensi ”) does not fit that given in the protologue: Colombia or Mexico (even if we understand all those names in their broad, historical senses). Standley (1936) seems to think the Mexican locality information in the protologue is incorrect as Ruíz and Pavón 33 - 99 does not look like any Triplaris he has ever seen from Mexico (an opinion confirmed in Standley 1937). Also relevant is the fact that Ruíz and Pavón did not collect in Mexico. Brandbyge (1986) does not comment on the discrepancy of locality. MA has a collection of specimens that are classified as original material (MA 811362, MA 811363, MA 811364). All three of these specimens are part of the Ruíz and Pavón herbarium, were originally determined to be Triplaris americana, were seen by Brandbyge, and annotated by him as Triplaris cumingiana. Brandbyge did not leave any indication that he thought they were type material for T. auriculata. Two of the specimens (MA 811362, MA 811364) present the proper collection number (33 - 99). All three specimens present a collection locality at variance with the protologue (MA 811362 and MA 811364 give “ Herbarium Peruvianum ”, and MA 811363 gives both “ in vice-regno Peruviano et Chilensi ” and “ Huayaquil ” [likely an orthographic variant of Guayaquil]). Finally, there are two specimens at NY (NY 324202 and NY 324203) that are the most likely candidates as types. Both specimens bear labels reporting protologue information: NY 324203 with “ Fragm. Specim. Pavon! in hb. Shttl. ” with no locality or date, and NY 324202 with ’ Triplaris Americana de Mexico’ herb. Pavon! In hb. Shuttl. ”. Unfortunately, both these specimens are fragments of fruits that only tenuously morphologically match Meisner’s description. Because the NY specimens can be most closely linked to the protologue, we here designate NY 324203 as the lectotype of Triplaris auriculata, and NY 324203 as the isolectotype. Yet, because these specimens are not systematically useful, we follow ICBN (Art. 9.9) and also designate an epitype. We select MA 811362 as the epitype, for three reasons. First, MA 811362 is well-preserved, Second, MA 811362 fits the description as given in the protologue. Third, Ruíz and Pavón 33 - 99 has a long history of being considered type material for T. auriculata. Thus, its selection as epitype serves to reduce confusion (Preamble ICBN). F-V 0042727 F and MA 811362 are isoepitypes.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69849FFF652840216FD43FA9B.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — [BRAZIL]. Ceará [State], (fr), J. Huber 170 (lectotype: RB [RB 560135]; isolectotype: RB [RB 558484]). Notes: — The protologue indicates that this species is common in the river valleys of the Serra de Baturité around the municipality of Palmácia in the Brazilian state of Ceará.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69849FFF65284031AFBE2FA48.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — [BOLIVIA]. Junction of the Rivers Beni and Madre de Dios, August 1886 (fl), H. H. Rusby 1243 (lectotype: US [US 102467, digital image!]; isolectotypes: US [US 102466, digital image!], NY [NY 658961, NY 324210, NY 324211, digital image!], F [F V 0067807 F, digital image!], GH [GH 36839, digital image!].	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69849FFF652840066FA89F893.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — PERU. Marañón Province [Rio de la Magdalena] (fr), A. Bonpland 3599 (lectotype: P [P 734729, digital image!]; isolectotpes: B [B 10 - 0250417, digital image!], NY [NY 324207, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue includes the citation “ Habitat in provincia Mararon Peruviae ― V. S., Herb. Mus. Par. ”. There is a collection (just fruits) at NY (NY 324207) that is labeled with “ Bonpland 3599 ”. The collection locality is “ Rio de la Magdalena ”, which is part of the Marañón Province. This same locality is cited in the label of the B specimen (B 10 - 0250417). The NY and B specimens are isolectotypes and were not reported as such by Brandbyge (1986).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69849FFF552840122FAC5FD13.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — BRAZIL. Pohl s. n. (neotype: BR [BR 13507299, digital image!]). Notes: — Brandbyge (1986), despite indicating that he was never able to see a specimen of Triplaris brasiliana, synonymized this name with T. americana L. The protologue reports “ Brasilia, Provincia Minas Geraes (sic.). Sellow. Lhotzky. ” as provenance and collectors. Unfortunately, we have not located any specimens of T. brasiliana collected by Sellow and / or Lhotzky. Meisner (1855) indicated that this specimen was housed at B where most of collections were destroyed during the second world war. No photonegative was found at F. Meisner (1855) included a partial illustration (including only fruits) of Triplaris brasiliana in one of the plates associated with the Triplaridae. It is likely that Brandbyge (1986) used this plate to synonymize T. brasiliana with T. americana. Meisner (1855) also cited an additional specimen not included as part of the protologue “ Pohl in Martius’ herbarium ”. We found at BR (where Martius’ herbarium is housed) a single specimen of T. brasiliana collected by Pohl in Brazil and with a specimen label reading “ HERBARIUM MARTII ” (BR 13507299). The label also indicates that there is a duplicate specimen at W. We were unable to locate this duplicate specimen. Meyer (1840) cites an additional Riedel specimen not included as part of the protologue but without giving the location of its housing. We were not able to find a Riedel specimen of Triplaris brasiliana at LE (Riedel’s home herbarium). We were able to locate a specimen of Riedel s. n. collected in Brazil at OXF (OXF 9171) and labeled as “ Triplaris ”. Yet, this specimen does not present any other information that could link it with either T. brasiliana or the type locality in Minas Gerais. Given that the original material used to describe this species is most likely destroyed, a neotype should be designated. The Pohl s. n. specimen at BR is the best candidate for neotypification, an action which we take here.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984AFFF5528404A2FE44F9DE.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — [VENEZUELA. Caracas]. (fr), Bredemeyer 737 (neotype: P [P 5009256, digital image!] = [F 40136 (photonegative)]; isoneotypes: B †, F [F 4970 (photonegative), digital image!], NY [NY 324251, digital image!]. – Triplaris caracasana var. genuina Meisn. (1856: 172), nom. inval. (Art. 24.3 of ICBN). Notes: — The protologue reports “ T. americana Willd. Sp. pl. 4 p. S 12 (descriptio Bredemeriana) Herb. no. 18465 (Specimina promiscue Bredemeyeriana et Humboldtiana). HBK. 2. p. 145. ”. Willdenow (1805: 812 – 813) reported Bredemeyer’s description, and used his own specimen, but indicated that additional material could be found in the Bredemeyer and Humboldt collections. Further, Meisner (1856) indicated that the specimen serial number 18465 in Willdenow’s herbarium at B corresponds to the collection Bredemeyer 737. We were unable to locate any specimens of Willdenow 18465, the original material cited in the protologue. The related material from Bredemeyer’s herbarium (Bredemeyer 737) is not at B and it is possible it was destroyed during the second world war. Neither did we find Bredemeyer 737 at W, another herbarium where Bredemeyer’s collection is preserved. There is a photonegative of the type specimen of Triplaris caracasana at F (F 4970) that is catalogued as " H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland s. n. " from Venezuela. The specimen contains very little identifying information such that it can be confirmed as a Humboldt collection linked with Bredemeyer 737. We were able to locate a fragmentary collection of Bredemeyer 737 at NY (NY 324251). This specimen consists only of fruits and bears a detailed label that reports the locality “ Casiquiare Caracas ”. At P (where Bonpland’ collaction is preserved) there is a specimen (P 5009256), bearing the original label with the locality “ Caracas ”, but without the date of collection. All things considered, lacking original material, a neotypification is required (Art. 9.6 of ICBN) and we here designate the P specimen as neotype, being more complete than the NY specimen. Spellings of Triplaris caracasana and its subordinate varieties vary. Sometimes the specific epithet is spelled as “ caracassana ”. Given that the epithet is clearly a reference to the city of Caracas (not “ Caracass ”), the form “ caracassana ” should be considered a correctable orthographical error (Art. 60.1 of ICBN). As such, we have consistently given the spelling as Triplaris caracasana.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984AFFF4528400D6FEB6FD5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — [VENEZUELA. Caracas], (fr), Bredemeyer 325 (lectotype: W [W 75177, digital image!]; isolectotype: W [W 75180, digital image!]). Syntype: — VENEZUELA. Caracas, (fr), Vargas 33 (NY [NY 324250, NY 324252, digital image!]). Notes: — Meisner (1856) cites two specimens in the protologue: “ Vargas, no. 33! in herb. DC., Bredemey. n. 325! in herb. Jacq. ”. According to HUH-IB (2022), these specimens should be kept at G and W, respectively. We traced two Bredemeyer specimens (no. 325) at W (W 75177 and W 75180) plus two further Bredemeyer unnumbered specimens (W 75178 and W 75179). Based on annotation labels, these two unnumbered specimens were considered types by Brandbyge. These four sheets all bear an original label that reads “ HERBAR. JACQUIN FIL., Triplaris caracasana Cham. ”. Of these four specimens, two are males (W 75179 and W 75180) and two are females (W 75177 and W 75178). Given that Triplaris is dioecious (see Brandbyge 1986, Koenemann 2022), it is plausible that the numbered and unnumbered specimens represent paired collections from different trees, and it is possible that the two pairs (Bredemeyer 325 and Bredemeyer s. n.) are duplicate sets of the same collecting event. The NYBG database metadata gives the location of Vargas 33 as " Venezuela. Colonia Tovar, Caracas. " (see specimens NY 324250, NY 324252). There is a Colonia Tovar near the modern city of Caracas but we do not find any reference to this location in either the protologue or on the specimens themselves and we have excluded this information above. Brandbyge (1986) cited both Bredemeyer and Vargas specimens as syntypes, but he did not designate a lectotype. The Bredemeyer 325 material is better than the Vargas 33 material, which merely consist of fruits. Given that fruit morphology is important in species determination, and the collection Bredemeyer 325 is specifically cited in the protologue, we here designate the female specimen of Bredemeyer 325 (W 75177) as the lectotype, whereas the male specimen (W 75180) is an isolectotype. While it is possible that the two specimens of Bredemeyer s. n. represent a duplicate collection of Bredemeyer 325, we only have circumstantial evidence to support that assertion. We know only that Brandbyge considered them all part of the same collection. Until more direct evidence is found linking these two sets of Bredemeyer collections, it is best to not consider the Bredemeyer s. n. (W) collections as original material, which we do here.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984BFFF45284055AFAEEFB6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — COLOMBIA. Bolívar Department: Quimarí, Cordillera Occidental, Vertiente Oriente, 14 March 1949 (fl), von Sneidern 5706 (neotype: US [US 3223905, digital image!]). Notes: — In the protologue, Meyer (1840: 148) cited a Cuming specimen collected from Colombia. Brandbyge (1986) seems to have been unable to locate this specimen giving the type as “ Type: Cuming s. n. Hab. in Colombia. N. V. [non vidi] ”. Cuming distributed his collections very widely (HUH-IB, 2022), so much so that he cannot be considered to have a home institution. Thus, we started to search for specimens in herbaria associated with Meyer (H, LE, MW, and OXF), without positive results (HUH-IB, 2022). We expanded our search by checking other important herbaria (eg., B, BE, BM, F, HUH, K, L, M, MO, NY, P, S, U, and WAG), but we were again unable to locate any useful specimen. Lacking original material (Art. 9.4 of ICBN), a neotypification should be made (Art. 9.8 of ICBN). We have selected a specimen of Triplaris cumingiana collected in Colombia that best fits the description given in the protologue.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984BFFF452840286FA2AF903.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ECUADOR. Pastaza Province. Rio Bobanaza [= Rio Bobonaza]. Between Huagracachi and Cachitama. Below Montalvo. 300 meters. 76 ° 43 ’ W, 2 ° 2 ’ S, 18 July 1980 (fr), Øllgaard et al. 34607 (holotype: AAU [AAU 3714, AAU 3715, AAU 3716, digital image!]; isotypes: AAU [AAU 16460, digital image!], GM, MO, NY, S [S 07 - 13587, digital image!]). Notes: — During our examination of specimens of Triplaris dugandii, we found some labelled as “ Triplaris inaequalis Dugand ex Brandbyge. ” This name does not appear to be published. Brandbyge lumps specimens labeled T. inaequalis Dugand into his concept of Triplaris dugandii Brandbyge (Brandbyge 1986). There is variation in the spelling of the type locality. In the protologue it is given as “ Rio Bobanaza ” but the maps that we have seen use the name “ Rio Bobonaza ”. The Rio Bobonaza fits the major elements of the type locality. There is a Cachitama on the Rio Bobonaza. Moreover, Cachitama is adjacent to a large, undefined locality by the name of Montalvo. This Montavlo region seems to also go by the name of Andoas. We were unable to locate a Huagracachi.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984BFFF4528400B2FA24F88C.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BOLIVIA. Yungas Province, 6000 feet, 1885 (fr), H. H. Rusby 1425 (lectotype: US [US 102469, digital image!]; isolectotypes: US [US 102468, digital image!], NY [NY 324225, NY 658960, digital image!], PH [PH 28432]).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6984BFFFB52840122FE2AFE33.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz, 800 meters (fl), Kuntze s. n. (lectotype: NY [NY 658957, digital image!]). Notes: — No holotype was cited by Kuntze (1898: 271) in the protologue, only the provenance (“ Bolivia: Sierra de Santa Cruz 800 m. ”). There is a specimen at NY (NY 658957) collected by Kuntze bearing a label which matches the protologue data (“ Bolivia: Sa Cruz 800 m ”). Brandbyge (1986) did not cite this specimen. There is also a second Kuntze collection at NY (NY 324226) without locality and used by Brandbyge (1986) to lectotypify the name Triplaris estriata. However, since data on NY 324226 do not match the protologue, this specimen cannot be considered as part of the original material (and, therefore, eligible as a lectotype). Hence, Brandbyge’s proposal is not correct (as also annotated by Michael Nee on the sheet). According to Art. 9.19 of ICBN, we here designate NY 658957 as the lectotype of Triplaris estriata. It is likely the type locality is referring to Santa Cruz de la Sierra, also known simply as Santa Cruz (as is written on the specimen labels).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69844FFFB528407C2FB58FCC7.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — COLOMBIA. Bolívar Department, San Martín de Loba and vicinity, “ Lands of Loba ”, April or May 1916 (fr), H. M. Curran 5 (lectotype: US [US 589002, digital image!]; isolectotype: GH [GH 36840, digital image!]). Type: — COLOMBIA. Bolívar Department, San Martín de Loba and vicinity, “ Lands of Loba ”, April or May 1916 (fl), H. M. Curran 4 (isolectotype: US [US 102470, digital image!], F). Notes: — The protologue indicates that Curran 4 and Curran 5 are both from the same locality. Curran 5 is pistillate with some fruits, and Curran 4 is staminate. Brandbyge (1986) described Triplaris as strictly dioecious. Thus, Curran 4 and Curran 5 represent collections from different individuals at the same locality. Following ICBN (Art. 8.2), this makes Curran 4 an isolectotype, rather than a syntype. Dugand (1952) identifies a number of modern collections, housed at COL, that correspond closely to the description of this species. Due to the fact that we have not been able to see them, we do not include them here.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69844FFFB528405EEFA8BFAFF.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — VENEZUELA. [Yaracuy State] San Felipe, 1000 feet, June 1846 (fr), Funck and Schlim 657 (lectotype: P [P 734712, digital image!]; isolectotypes: G [G 437681, G 437682, digital image!], P [P 734711, digital image!], W [W 1889 - 0098543, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue includes the citation of the following specimen: " V. S. [Vidi Siccus] Herb. Mus. Par. (Funck et Schlim, pl. exs., nº 687) ”. The collection number is likely an orthographic error for “ 657 ”. In fact, the three relevant specimens occurring at P (P 734711 and P 734712) and W (W 1889 - 0098543) bear original labels with 657 (see also Brandbyge 1986). Additionally, discrepancies exist in the localities annotated on the labels of the specimens P 734711 (“ prov. de San Felipe ”) and P 734712 (“ prov. de Carabobo ”). There is a town of San Felipe in Venezuela which is not, however, located in Carabobo (currently a State) but in the neighboring State of Yaracuy. It is likely that the type locality is the town of San Felipe in the present state of Yaracuy, but estimated at the time of collection to be in the province of Carabobo. Cocerning the W 1889 - 0098543 specimen, it gives the locality as “ Venezuela, etc. ”,.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69844FFFB528403F6FAE3F8DB.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso [do Sul] State, Paraguay River near Santa Cruz, September 1891 – 1892 (fr), S. Moore 301 (lectotype: BM [BM 993265, digital image!]; isolectotypes: F, NY [NY 324227, digital image!], P [P 734725, digital image!]). Notes: — Moore (1895: 44) cited a syntype in the protologue, i. e. " Hab. Inveni passim crescentem in ripa fl. Paraguay prope Santa Cruz. (N. 301) ”. We did not locate any city or town on the Paraguay River named “ Santa Cruz ”. There are two Fazenda Santa Cruz near the Paraguay River (“ fazenda ” is a Portuguese word for a colonial plantation house, similar to the Spanish hacienda). One is located 20 miles east of Porto Mutinho the other is located 50 miles northeast of Corumbá. This later location is much closer to the Paraguay River, approximately five miles. It seems impossible to differentiate between these two localities as no other locality information is provided. Both Fazenda Santa Cruz are located in the present State of Mato Grosso do Sul but would have been in the State of Mato Grosso at the time these plants were collected as Mato Grosso included Mato Grosso do Sul until 1977. The type locality has been modified here from the one given in the protologue and in Brandbyge (1986) to reflect this change in political divisions.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69844FFFA528401DAFECCFD83.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PERU. [Loreto] Paca, on the Río Ucayali plain, 19 December 1898, J. E. Huber 1565 (holotype: MG [MG 1565, digital image!]; isotype: F [F 272513 (photonegative)]). Notes: — Brandbyge (1986) excluded this species from his treatment due to insufficient material. Also, the specimen cited in the protologue is not informative, being represented by a young and sterile individual. Brandbyge (1986) claims he saw a physical specimen of Huber 1565 at F, but we can only find a possible photonegative. There is a single specimen of Huber 1565 at MG (MG 1565), which is the holotype because in the protologue Huber (1906: 506) clearly stated “ Achei esta especie n’um unicum exemplar ... ”. The location given here follows the work of Standley (1936). The protologue includes the type locality as “ ... perto de Paca, na varzea do Ucayali ... ”. It is Standley (1936) that specifies the Paca in Loreto. This seems like a reasonable specification as the Paca in Loreto is the only Paca we could find that is on the Rio Ucayali. Finally, we note that Standley (1936) expressed doubts that this plant is a Triplaris species. Brandbyge (1986) disagreed, noting the hollow stems. The type locality must be revisited and better material collected in order to properly characterize T. fulva.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69845FFFA52840431FAEBFB6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (further designated here): — BRAZIL. Ceará State, northern Brazil [August 1838] (fr), Gardner 1829 (lectotype: P [P 734721, digital image!]; isolectotypes: BM [BM 993266, BM 993268, digital image!], F [F V 0067809 F, F V 0067810 F (fragment), digital image!], G [G 437671, G 437672, digital image!], K [K 585025, K 585026, digital image!], MO [MO 216274, digital image!], NY [NY 324228, NY 324229, NY 324230, digital image!], OXF [OXF 98255, digital image!], P [P 734718, P 734719, P 734720, digital image!], US [US 102471, digital image!]). Notes: — Brandbyge (1986: 557) stated that four sheets represent the lectotype, i. e. Gardner’s collection (no. 1829). We located these four sheet at P (P 734718, P 734719, P 734720, and P 734721) and all bear a Brandbyge label reading “ Lectotype ”. Further, Gardner 1829 specimens were found in other herbaria (BM, F, K, G, MO, NY, OXF, and US). These specimens are isolectotypes. According to the Art. 9.17 of ICBN, Brandbyge’s proposal represent an initial but incomplete typification, and we here complete the designation of the type specimen by designating the individual specimen P 734721. A final note on the collection number, which was incorrectly reported in the protologue. Weddell (1849: 265) reported “ 1629 ” as the collection number. However, the lectotype and all the isolectotype report “ 1829 ”. This discrepancy is recorded in an handwritten note on NY 324230 (bottom of the sheet) highlighting that the discrepancy first appears in Meisner's (1855) treatment of Polygonaceae in Martius' Flora Brasiliensis and later repeated in Candolle's (Meisner 1856) Prodromus. Brandbyge (1986) seems to have been aware of this and cites both of these Meisner works.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69845FFF952840285FC9CFE33.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BOLIVIA. La Paz Department, Vicinity of Guanai [= Guanay], July 1892 (fr), A. M. Bang 1600 (lectotype: US [US 102474, digital image!]; isolectotypes: B [B 10 - 0250419, digital image!], BM [BM 993257, digital image!], CAS [CAS 4740, digital image!], G [G 437680, G 437679, digital image!], GH [GH 36841, digital image!], M, MO [MO 216236, digital image!], NY [NY 324233, NY 324234, NY 324235, digital image!], PH [PH 28434, digital image!], PUL [PUL 293, digital image!], US [US 946249, US 102472, US 102473, digital image!]). Syntypes: — BOLIVIA. La Paz Department, Vicinity of Guanai, July 1892 (fr), A. M. Bang 1601 (BM [BM 993255, digital image!], BR [BR 5288236, digital image!], CORD [CORD 2359, CORD 2360, digital image!], M, NY [NY 324231, NY 324232, digital image!], PH [PH 28435, digital image!], US [US 102475, US 946250, digital image!], ZT [ZT 79984, digital image!]. Notes: — The protologue lists two collections, i. e. numbers 1600 and 1601 (syntypes according to the Art. 9.6 of ICBN). Brandbyge (1986) designates one of them (Bang 1600) as the lectotype and considered the other one (Bang 1601) as a paratype. However, Rusby (1896: 112) reported another specimen, i. e. Rusby 1243 stating “ This [Bang 1600 and 1601] is possibly the same as my 1243 from the lower plains, but I think not. ” As a result, Rusby 1243 is not original material. The locality name may have undergone orthographic changes. Rusby (1896: 112) stated “ Guanai ” as the locus classicus. There is a locality in Bolivia with the name Guanay (La Paz Department). One of the above mentioned isolectotypes (NY 324235) reports a different locality and date from that of the lectotype designated by Brandbyge (1986). The date is given as 1891 and the locality as “ Bolivian Plateau ”. It would be truly special if this Triplaris specimen had been collected on the Altiplano as Triplaris grows only in lowlands. Rusby’s (1896) note contrasting Bang 1600 and Bang 1601 with other collections from the “ lower plains ” suggests that the type locality is at some elevation, but most likely not the high plains. However, this may give some indication as to the general area in which Bang was collecting. Guanay is located at the base of the eastern slope of the Altiplano. Thus, it seems reasonable (although not certain) that “ Guanai ” of the protologue is synonymous with present-day Guanay. We leave the spelling as it is given in the protologue but are reasonably confident that the orthographic variant represents the same locality. There is another specimen including a different collection date (G 437679). The printed date on the collection slip is 1892, but it has a hand-written 1893 also. We consider this likely an orthographic error. It is unclear how many different individuals make up the Bang 1600 specimen. The sheets of Bang 1600 contain both males (e. g., PUL 293) and females (e. g., CAS 4740). This is in spite of the fact that Triplaris is described as strictly dioecious. The Bang 1601 specimens appear to be all male.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69846FFF9528407C2FBB8FB6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — PARAGUAY. Concepción Department, near Concepción [city], on the banks of the Paraguay River, August 1901 (fl), E. Hassler 7158 (lectotype: P [P 734726, digital image!]; isolectotypes: A [A 36842, digital image!], BM [BM 993269, digital image!], C [C 10017411, digital image!], F [F V 0067811 F (fragment), digital image!], G [G 307170, G 307171, G 307172, G 307173, G 307174, digital image!], MO [MO 216234, MO 216235, digital image!], NY [NY 324236 digital image!], P [P 734727, P 734728, digital image!], S [S R- 6240, digital image!], UC [UC 934856, digital image!], US [US 169688, digital image!]). Syntypes: — PARAGUAY. Concepción Department, near Concepción (city), on the banks of the Paraguay River, August 1901 (fr), E. Hassler 7157 (BM [BM 92558, digital image!], C [C 10017410, digital image!], G [G 307164, G 307165, G 307166, G 307167, G 307168, digital image!], MO [MO 2073225, digital image!], NY [NY 324237, digital image!], P [P 4993537, P 4993538, digital image!], S [S R- 6239, digital image!], UC [UC 934857, digital image!]. Notes: — IPNI (2022) reports an incorrect epiteth “ guarantica ”. The original one given by Chodat (1903: 393) is “ guaranitica ”. The indigenous language and people of Paraguay is “ Guarani ”. The epithet is probably derived from the name of the language and people. The protologue gives two syntypes (Art. 9.6 of ICBN), nos. 7157 (male) and 7158 (female). Brandbyge (1986) designated the latter (7158) as the lectotype and indicated 7157 as a paratype. The protologue gives the type locality as “ ad ripam fluminis Paraguay in dumetis pr. Concepcion ”. On the basis of the information reported on the specimens, the plants were collected specifically near the city of Concepción, the administrative center of the Concepción Department. No collection year is given in the protologue. The printed labels for the Hassler / Chodat expedition on which these plants were collected give the years as “ 1901 / 2 ”. One of the isolectotypes (P 734728) gives a date in 1901. We report the more specific date.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69846FFF952840286FEEAF9B3.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — ECUADOR. Vicinity of Guayaquil, August 1836 (fr), C. Gaudichaud 3 (lectotype: P [P 734715, digital image!]; isolectotype: P [P 734716, digital image!]). Notes: — One of the isolectotypes (P 734717) lacks the collection number “ 3 ” (as reported in the protologue by Weddell (1849: 265), but all the other infomation is consistent with the protologue. Brandbyge has a hand-written label indicating it to be an isolectotype along with P 734716. We were unable to confirm that, and have not listed P 734717 as an isolectotype.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69846FFF852840042FCA2FC57.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BOLIVIA. [Cochabamba Department] Espirito Santo, [vicinity of Cochabamba, 1891] (fr), M. Bang 1169 (lectotype: NY [NY 324238, digital image!]; isolectotypes: A [A 36844, digital image!], BM [BM 993256, digital image!], BR, G [G 437664, G 437665, digital image!], GH [GH 36843, GH 36845, digital image!], K [K 585007, digital image!], PH [PH 28437, digital image!], M, MICH [MICH 1111769, digital image!], NY [NY 658958, digital image!], UC, US [US 102478, US 102479, digital image!]). Syntypes: — BOLIVIA. Beni River, July 1886 (fl), H. H. Rusby 1424 (BM [BM 993258, digital image!], K [K 585008, digital image!], NDG [NDG 15049, digital image!], NY [NY 324239 (fragment), NY 658959, digital image!], US [US 102477, digital image!]. Notes: — The protologue lists two collections used as type material (syntypes). Brandbyge (1986) designated one as the lectotype (Bang 1169: NY 324238) and the other as paratype (sic) (Rusby 1424). The protologue also reports the provenance as ” Espirito Santo “. All of the labels of the lectotype and isolectotypes give the location “ vic. Cochabamba ” which means “ vicinity of Chochabamba ”. We can reasonably assume that it is the city and not the department of Chochabamba that is being noted here. We had difficulty finding an Espirito Santo near the city of Cochabamba. All we could find was a vague, unpopulated geographic area named “ Espíritu Santo ” to the east of Cochabamba along Route 4 between Paracti and Cristal Mayu. This would be the proper habitat and elevation for Triplaris but the evidence that this is the type locality is circumstantial at best. Brandbyge (1986) recorded the location given on the collection labels of the type specimens " vic. Cochabamba ". The protologue gives the publication as “ Triplaris hispida Britton sp. n. ”. Thus, Brandbyge (1986) is mistaken in giving the authority as “ T. hispida Rusby ”. Rather, according to ICBN (Art. 46.2 and 46.5), the proper authority is T. hispida Britton ex Rusby. Triplaris laurifolia Cham. & Schltdl. (1828: 55 – 56) ≡ Ruprechtia laurifolia (Cham. & Schltdl) C. A. Mey. (1840: 150) Type (designated by Pendry 2004): — BRAZIL. Equatorial Brazil (fr), Sello s. n. (lectotype: B [B 10 - 1001716, digital image!]). Notes: — Brandbyge (1986) excluded this species in his treatment of Triplaris and considered T. laurifolia Cham. & Schltdl. (1828: 55 – 56) as heterotypic synonym of T. scandens (Vell.) Cocucci (1957: 361), following Cocucci (1957). Historically, this species has been difficult to place and has moved back and forth between Triplaris and Ruprechtia with Pendry (2004) naming it as R. laurifolia (see also Brandbyge 1986). Sanchez & Kron (2011), based on molecular data, recently described the new genus Magoniella Adr. Sanchez (2011: 708) and placed T. laurifolia into it. Their results showed that two species (R. triflora Grisebach [1879: 89] and R. obidensis Huber [1909: 344]) are basal to the clade including Triplaris and Ruprechtia s. str .. Hence, Sanchez & Kron (2011) also proposed the new genus Salta Adr. Sanchez (2011: 708) for R. triflora (proposing Magoniella for R. obidensis). At that time, T. laurifolia was also placed in Magoniella on the basis of the habit of this species (liana) which is the same as R. obidensis. However, neither Pendry (2004) nor Sanchez & Kron (2011) included T. laurifolia in the phylogeny. In our opinion, T. laurifolia shares morphological characters with Triplaris, most notably the hollow stem. In the absence of previous molecular studies, we here consider the taxon laurifolia as a Triplaris species.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69847FFF85284025EFC52FAFF.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — COLOMBIA. Bolívar Department, San Martín de Loba and vicinity, “ Lands of Loba ”, April or May 1916 (fr), H. M. Curran 20 (holotype: US [US 102481, digital image!]; isotypes: GH [GH 36846, digital image!], F [F V 0067813 F (fragment), digital image!]). Notes: — “ Lands of Loba ” is an enigmatic locality. Presumably it is a reference to a private property. Brandbyge (1986) designated a lectotype for this species. The protologue, however, specifically indicates a type specimen, using the word “ type ” and citing a single sheet at US (US 102481). Following ICBN (Art. 9.1), this specimen is the holotype. Brandbyge’s (1986) lectotypification has been corrected here.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69847FFF8528403F6FB46F863.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — COLOMBIA. [La Guajira] in the vicinity of Riohacha [and Dibulla, 1842 – 1844] (fr), J. J. Linden 1648 (lectotype: P [P 734713, digital image!]; isolectotypes: F [F V 0067816 F, F V 0067815 F, F V 0067814 F, digital image!], G [G 437677, G 437678, digital image!], GENT (BR) [GENT (BR) 8723710], K [K 585141, K 585142, digital image!], P [P 5009243, P 734714, digital image!]). Notes: — The lectotype does not include the date of collection. There are two dates present on the isolectotypes: either 1842 – 1843 (e. g., P 5009243) or 1844 (e. g., P 734714). We have here given the collection date as a range between the dates present on all the isolectotypes. The protologue gives the type locality as “ Crescit in provincia Rio-Hacha Novo-Granatensium ” (It grows in the province of Rio-Hacha, New Granada). The lectotype designated by Brandbyge (1986) reports “ Nlle Granade ” (New Granada). Presently, there is no province of Riohacha in Colombia, and we could not find the existence of an historic one. There is, however, a city of Riohacha in the Department of La Guajira. Information written on the specimens offers more details. In addition to “ Rio Hacha ” the location “ Dibulla ” is sometimes listed (e. g., on P 734714). Like Riohacha, Dibulla is a city in the department of La Guajira and the two cities are close. It seems likely the collection took place somewhere between the two cities. We list the type locality as in the vicinity of both cities.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69840FFFF528406E1FD04FD77.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — PERU. Ucayali [River], Cerro de Canchahuaya, 9 November 1898, J. Huber 1458 (lectotype: RB [RB 559945, digital image!]); isolectotypes: F [F 27773 (photonegative), digital image!], G [G 437670, digital image!], MG [MG 1458, digital image!]). Notes: — The lectotype gives the locality “ Cerro de Canchahuaya ” which is reported by Brandbyge (1986). The G specimen (G 437670) further specifies this locality including “ Rio Ucayali, Cerro de Canchahuaya ”. While we were unable to find a Cerro de Canchahuaya on the Ucayali River, we did locate a Canchahuayo, a small village on the shores of the Ucayali River about 30 km north east of Pampa Hermosa (- 7.038114 N, - 75.095891 W) next to a topographically raised area. The protologue indicates that the type material was collected “ nas partes altas do Cerro de Canchahuaya. ” These hills near Canchahuayo are the probable type locality. It is interesting to note that the photonegative at F (F 27773) claims to be an image of the isolectotype at G. The photo and the G specimen look very similar, yet one of the major leaves is missing from the current G specimen but is present in the F photonegative. It is unclear where this leaf went but it was presumably removed at some point after the taking of the photograph. This is similar to what was seen in the photonegative of Cuming 1108 at F (See Triplaris melaenodendron subsp. colombiana entry below).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69840FFFF5284057DFB9BFAB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — EL SALVADOR. Usulutá Department, Jiquilisco, 220 feet, January 1893 (fr), W. C. Shannon 5064 (lectotype: US [US 102483, digital image!]; isolectotypes: G [G 437669, digital image!], GH [GH 36847, digital image!], NY [NY 324200, digital image!], US [US 102482, digital image!]). Notes: — This is an interesting species since its locus classicus represents the northernmost one of Triplaris. Brandbyge (1986) considered this species a synonym of T. melaenodendron. While the present work is not intended to examine taxonomic circumscriptions, Brandbyge’s (1986) synonymization could be rexamined as the leaves of T. melaenodendron are, as a general rule, much more lanceolate than those of T. macombii var. macombii. Triplaris macombii Donn. Sm. (1894: 257) var. rufescens Donn. Sm. (1895: 293 – 294) Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — GUATEMALA. Suchitepéquez Department, Mazatenango, 1200 feet, January 1894 (fr), Heyde & Lux 6375 (lectotype: US [US 102486, digital image!]; isolectotypes: F [F 67806, digital image!], G [G 437667, G 437668, digital image!], K [K 585031, digital image!], M, MO [MO 223416, digital image!], NY [NY 324201, digital image!], US [US 513156, US 102484, digital image!]).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69840FFFE5284033DFEBFFF7F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — [BRAZIL]. Rio de Janeiro [State] Taypú, October 1939, Casaretto 1789 (holotype: TO [two sheets]). Notes: — Brandbyge (1986) did not comment on the type specimen for T. macrocalyx, simply indicating it to be synonymous with some species of Ruprechtia. The type locality as given in the protologue is “ in sylvulis arenosis maritimis (vulgo restingas) prope Taypú in Provinciâ Rio de Janeiro ” (in a short, sandy, coastal forest (commonly called restingas) near Taypú in the Province of Rio de Janeiro). There are a number of “ Taypú ” along the coast of Brazil. There is a “ Rua Taipu ” just west of the city of Rio de Janeiro and an “ Itaipu ” just across the bay to the east of the city of Rio de Janeiro. We cannot distinguish between these localities and thus, the type locality remains ambiguous. The holotype specimen has been the subject of previous studies (Delprete et al. 2019). These authors concluded that Casaretto 1789 was the sole specimen used in the description of this species, thus making it the holotype, even though it was not explicitly designated as such by Casaretto (Art. 9.1 of ICBN). The placement of this taxon has been in question for some time being part of a complex of names spanning three genera of Polygonaceae. Triplaris scandens (Vell.) Cocucci was published by Cocucci (1957) as a competing concept to Meisner’s (1855) movement of T. laurifolia Cham. & Schltdl. to Ruprechtia. Cocucci (1957) included in T. scandens the following taxa: Magonia scandens Vell., T. laurifolia, T. macrocalyx, R. lundii Meisn., R. obidensis Huber, R. macrocalyx Huber, and R. scandens Rusby (see also Pendry 2004). A number of botanists have looked at this complex (Howard 1985, Brandbyge 1986, 1989, Pendry 2004) concluding that it could belong to the genus Ruprechtia. Uncertainty remains, however. Pendry (2004) accepted some aspects of this complex as species of Ruprechtia but molecular methods have yet to be applied to this problem and such application seems necessary in order to finally determine the taxonomic placement and coherence of these names (see also our discussion under Triplaris laurifolia).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69841FFFE52840776FB9CFC0F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — BRAZIL. (fl), Blanchet 2736 (neotype: K [K 585021, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue reports the type locality and collector as “ Hab. in Brasiliae sylvis ad Rio Cuxipo-Goraçu, Riedel. ”. Given that the Rio Coxipo is a river occurring in the State of Mato Grosso, whereas the Mojiguaçu river is located in the state of São Paulo, the type locality remains ambiguous. Concerning the collector (L. Riedel), according to HUH-IB (2022), Riedel’s herbarium and types are mainly kept at LE where, however, we did not find any specimens useful for the purpose of lectotypification. Also, Brandbyge (1986) could not locate this specimen, and Meisner (1855) indicated that he had never seen the plant. According to Art. 9.8 of ICBN, a neotypification is required. We found a Riedel specimen at OXF (OXF 9171) collected in Brazil and labeled as “ Triplaris ”. However, this specimen does not present any other information that could link it with either T. martiana or the type locality on the Rio Cuxipo-Goraçu. The name Triplaris martiana has been widely misapplied. We located several specimens at K (K 585020, K 585021, K 585025, K 585026) annotated as T. martiana (none of these plants were collected by Riedel). Interestingly, K 585025 (Gardner 1829) bears the locality “ Guaçú ” but represents type material for another name, T. gardneriana. Of these four specimens only one, K 585021 (Blanchet 2736) does not represent type material for either T. gardneriana Wedd. or T. tomentosa Wedd. (both of which Brandbyge 1986 considered synonymous with T. martiana Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex C. A. Mey.). Blanchet 2736 matches the description of T. martiana given in the protologue and was collected in Brazil. We choose this specimen as the neotype until the Riedel collection can be located.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69841FFFE528405A6FBA6FA6B.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BRAZIL. Pará State, Playa de Jurupari, on the banks of the Amazon River, Martius 2841 (lectotype: M). Notes: — The protologue lists the type locality as “ in ripa flum. Amazonum, e. g. ad Praya de Jurupari, prov. Paraënsis, nec non ad flum. S. Francisci (?) ”. We were unable to locate a “ Praya de Jurupari ” [“ Praya ” could be a typo, and “ playa ” (= beach) was intended, or it could be a phonetic spelling of “ praia ”]. There are three “ Ilha Jurupari ” on the Amazon River, one in the State of Pará and two are in the neighboring State of Amazonas. Of these two latter islands, the nearest one to the boarder of the state of Pará is over 1000 km upriver. As a result, the type locality is most likely the beaches of the Ilha Jurupari in Pará. Brandbyge (1986) designated the lectotype at M but did not mention any other specimens. We found one specimen at NY (NY 324255) which is labeled as Triplaris martiana var. oblongifolia Meisn. and filed as a " possible type ”. As reported below (in our treatment of T. pachau Mart. ex Meisn.), this NY specimen better fits the protologue information for T. pachau species and, as a result, should be considered as type material for it.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69841FFFE5284038AFC4FF9F4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso State, Pocone, 18 kilometers from the Transpantaneira Highway, 16 ° 15 ’ 24 ” S, 56 ° 36 ’ 24 ” W, 20 June 1977 (fr), M. Macedo and S. Assumpcao 668 (holotype: NY [NY 324242, digital image!]).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69841FFFD528400FAFB92FEEB.taxon	materials_examined	Type (of Vellasquezia melaenodendron, designated here): — Florula Guatimalensis. t. 46. 1840. (lectotype: t. 46, https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6915489 # page / 568 /). Type (of Vellasquezia melaenodendron, designated here): — GUATEMALA. Esquintla Department, near the city of Esquintla, elevation 135 – 300 m, 31 January 1939 (fr), Standley 63952 (epitype: F [F 67822 F, digital image!]). Notes: — The name Vellasquezia melaenodendron, being the only one listed under the new genus Vellasquezia Bertol. (in Bertoloni 1840: 440), is the generic type. Bertoloni’s protologue does not cite a specimen, only the locality “ Esquintla ”. A drawing (available at: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6915489 # page / 568 /) is provided depicting two mature leaves and three flowers. We could not locate a specimen collected either by a Velásquez or Bertoloni that would fit the locality and description at any major herbarium. Brandbyge incorrectly designated a neotype for Triplaris melaenodendron. A neotype is only selected when no original material exists (Art. 9.8 of ICBN). Original material as defined in Art. 9.4 (b) (ICBN) does exist; it is the misnumbered plate with two leaves and three flowers. We designate that as the lectotype here. Given that Brandbyge (1986) has associated Standley 63952 with Triplaris melaenodendron, and in order to avoid confusion, we here also designate Standley 63952 as an epitype (Art. 9.9 of ICBN).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69842FFFD5284070AFD5CF78F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — PANAMA / COLOMBIA. [North coast of western Colombia near Panama, 1831 – 1833] (fr), Cuming 1108 (lectotype: K [K 585002, digital image!]; isolectotypes: K [K 585003, K 585004, K 585005, digital image!], MEL [MEL 2457048, MEL 2457049, MEL 2457053, digital image!], MO [MO 2073271], NY [NY 324217, NY 324222, NY 324223, digital image!], W [W 68505, W 68506, digital image!]). Notes: — This plant was originally described by Meisner (1856) as Triplaris colombiana Meisn. Brandbyge (1986) reduced this species to a subspecies of T. melaenodendron (Bertol.) Standl. & Steyerm., retaining the type of T. colombiana for T. melaenodendron subsp. colombiana. The protologue of Triplaris colombiana reports “ In Panamâ et Colombíâ, Cuming, n. 1108! ” (syntype according to Art. 9.6 of ICBN) and “ v. s. [vidi siccus] in herb. Shuttlew. et Arnott. ”. Brandbyge (1986) designated the specimen Cuming 1108 as the lectotype, indicating the herbaria K and W. There are, however, specimens of Cuming 1108 also at NY, of which two (NY 324217 and NY 324222) bear the annotation “ Mr. R. J. Shuttleworth ”. This suggests that one of the specimens cited by Meisner (as " v. s. in herb. Shuttlew. et Arnott. ") was likely Cuming 1108. A third NY specimen (NY 324223) bears a label indicating that it is " Cuming n. 1108. B nob. in hb. Arnott! ", suggesting that Arnott had a duplicate of Cuming 1108 in his herbarium. The collection date of the type is ambiguous. It is 1833 on W 68505, but is 1831 on K 585005. NY 324223 reports the collection date as “ 17. June. 51 [1851] ”, which is very different from both 1831 and 1833 and may represent the date NY received the collection. The type locality is in question. The lectotype (K 585002) offers no locality data. K 585003 and K 585005 (isolectotypes) each bear the original label that reads “ 1108 Triplaris, Panama et Colombia occidentalis., H. Cuming, 1831 ”. The third isolectotype (K 585004) has the following label: “ 1108 Triplaris, Colombia 6. T. Colombiana Meisner ”. One of the NY specimens (NY 324223) was collected in “ North Coast of Colombia and Panama ”, and the W and MEL specimens report the locality as “ Ex Panama et Colombia (nec Chile) Cuming n. 1108. ”. All of these localities agree each other. On the other hand, NY 324217 and NY 324222 include a more specific locality (“ Greville, Panama. ”) which may contradict the label on K 585004. However, we note that Panama was part of Gran Colombia until 1831 and, therefore, the names may refer to the same geographic area. We have been unable to locate Greville. It is likely that Cuming 1108 was collected on the northern coast of the Darien but we give a broad, hybrid locality here. In reviewing the MA specimens currently available through JSTOR Plants (of which there are nearly 40), there is no material with collector or number that could link them to the Cuming 1108 collection. There is a photonegative of Cuming 1108 at F (F 31190). The specimen is indexed as “ Triplaris cumingiana Fisch. et al. ex. ” from Chile, but the label clearly reads “ Triplaris colombiana Meisn. … Ex Panama et Colombia (nec Chile) Cuming n. 1108 ” (from Panama and Colombia and not Chile). The label also has a note by Cuming that indicates he believes this plant might be the same as T. cumingiana Fisch. and C. A. Mey. ex C. A. Mey., “ Forsan eadem ac T. cumingiana Fisch. et Mey. ” (Maybe the same as T. cumingiana Fisch. and Mey.), which is probably the source of the indexing error in the F collections. This photonegative is a picture of one of the lectotypes at W (W 68505). The photonegative reveals that there is a leaf missing from W 68505. There is another specimen at W (W 68506) that, however, has no information on the sheet. Brandbyge annotated this specimen with " probably an isotype " of T. melaenodendron (Bertol.) Standl. and Steyerm. subsp. colombiana (Meisn.) Brandbyge (T. melaenodendron is homotypic with T. colombiana). Upon close inspection, one of the leaves on W 68506 is the same as the missing leaf from W 68505 as seen in F 31190. As a result, we include both W 68505 and W 68506 as isolectotypes. Collections of Triplaris melaenodendron subsp. colombiana made by Fernandez and Pérez-Arbaláez do not represent type material. These specimens represent other material Brandbyge (1986) consulted in the process of making the synonymization of T. melaenodendron and T. colombiana (see also the entry of T. melaenodendron subsp. mutisiana below). The various type specimens of Triplaris colombiana (Cuming 1108) contain a mixture of male and female inflorescences. Brandbyge (1986) described Triplaris as a strictly dioecious genus. Either these collections are made up of multiple individuals or Triplaris is monoecious.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69843FFFC5284072EFF4AFDE7.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Pendry 2004): — BOLIVIA. Ynquisivi Province, December 1846 (fr), Weddell 4197 (lectotype: P [P 734738]). Notes: — Weddell (1849: 268) cited a specimen reporting “ Cat. nostr. [Catalogus nostrum], n ° 4197 ”. Three years later, Walpers (1852: 296) reported “ TR. (RUPRECHTIA) MOLLIS Weddell ”, thus proposing a nomenclatural change of Weddell’s name using the same original description. Brandbyge (1986) erroneously reported “ Triplaris mollis Walpers ”.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69843FFFC5284040EFE55FBC3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PERU. San Martín Department. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1100 meters, May 1934 (fr), Klug 3656 (holotype: A [A 36848, digital image!]; isotypes: CAS [CAS 4741, digital image!], F [F V 0041898 F, digital image!], GH, MO [MO 216233, digital image!], NY [NY 658962, digital image!], S [S 07 - 13421, digital image!], US [US 5253, digital image!]). Notes: — The type locality was given as “ Zepelacio near Moyobamba ”. There is a city called “ Jepelacio ” located seven miles southeast of Moyobamba. The spelling may be an orthographic variant or a misspelling by the collector. Since we are not certain about this, we leave the type locality spelling as given in the protologue. In the protologue, Brandbyge (1984) indicated the holotype as a specimen preserved at A (isotypes at F, GH, MO, S, and US). Two years later, the same author (Brandbyge 1986) cited, however, the holotype at GH (and one isotype at US). This seems to be an error in Brandbyge (1986). Furthermore, we were unable to locate the GH specimen cited by Brandbyge (1986). The CAS specimen possesses a Gray Herbarium stamp, which has been stamped over as cancelled. It is possible that the CAS specimen is the GH specimen cited as an isotype by Brandbyge (1984) and erroneously as holotype by Brandbyge (1986).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69843FFFC528402F2FADCF9DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type (further designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso State, western Brazil, Formiguieira, July and August 1845 (fr), M. H. Weddell 3378 (lectotype: P [P 734709, digital image!]; isolectotype: P [P 734710, digital image!]). Notes: — Weddell (1849: 264) reported “ Matto-Grosso ... Formigueira ” as the locus classicus. Unfortunately, we cannot locate a Formigueira in Mato Grosso State, but only a Formigueiro in Rio Grande do Sul. Note that this latter is so distant from Mato Grosso that it seems unlikely to be the locality. Formigueira may be a section of the city of Várzea Grande in Mato Grosso. Brandbyge (1986) designated a Weddell collection (no. 3378) deposited at P as the lectotype (note that Weddell (1849: 264) had reported “ Cat. nostr. [Catalogus nostrum], n ° 3378 ” in the protologue). Hand-written annotation labels by Brandbyge indicated that another specimen (P 734710) is an isolectotype. In his treatment, Brandbyge (1986) was not specific in his lectotypification, citing only a specimen at P (without distinguishing among the multiple speciments present). According to Art. 9.17 of ICBN, this is an incomplete lectotypification. As a result, we here complete the lectotypification of Brandbyge (1986) and designate P 734709 as the lectotype and P 734710 as an isolectotype.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69843FFE3528400D6FDCBFC2B.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — BRAZIL. Bahia State, Rio San Francisco (fr), Martius s. n. (lectotype: M); isolectotypes: F [F 6502, photonegative digital image!], M, NY [NY 324255 (fragment), digital image!]). Remaining Syntypes: — BRAZIL. Bahia State, “ fluvium Itahype ” (fr), Martius s. n. (B [B 10 - 0250418 (fragment), digital image!]). — [BRAZIL]. Rio Maranhão, (fr) Pohl 2366 (OXF [OXF 9174, digital image!]). Notes: — Martius (1831: 1011) was the first author to use the name Triplaris pachau, citing it in a series of plants he collected / observed in and around Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. However, no diagnosis or description was given and, as a consequence, Martius’ name was not validly published (nomen nudum; see Art. 38.2 Ex. 1 of ICBN). The species was validated by Meisner (1855: 51 – 52) in Flora Brasiliensis, where he explicitly cited Martius as the author of the name. Meisner (1855: 51 – 52) listed four specimens (syntypes): Martius s. n. (from Bahia), Blanchet s. n. (from Rio Maranhâo, Goyas Province), Pohl 2366, and Pohl 3093. Moreover, he reported “ in Herbario Reg. Monac. ”, which refers to the current Herbarium M. We traced two Martius specimens at NY (NY 324255) and B (B 10 - 0250418). Both of these collections are fragmentary, and consist of fruits only. As a consequence, it is difficult to identify the specimens, since leaf shape is an important characteristic in Triplaris taxonomy (e. g. Koenemann 2021). The NY specimen is labeled as “ Rio de San Francisco, Brasil … Herb. Acad. Monac. ” (note that the protologue reports “ ad fl. S. Francisci, prov. Bahiensi.), but no date is given for this collection. The B specimen includes the annotation “ Brasilia prov. Bahia in sylvis, in inundatis ad fluvium Itahype. ” The “ fluvium Itahype ” is perhaps referring to a river near the current town of Itaipé in Minas Gerais. This is uncertain, and as a result we give the type locality verbatim from the protologue. Brandbyge (1986) annotated the B specimen as type material for the name Ruprechtia martii. Examination of the specimen suggests, however, that it is a specimen of Triplaris since the achene is hidden by acrescent tepals, which is the case in Triplaris but not in Ruprechtia. Pendry (2004) did not cite either the B or the M specimen as original material for R. martii. In fact, Pendry (2004) excluded that name from the genus Ruprechtia. There is a photonegative at F (F 6502) that bears a label reporting “ HERBARIUM REGIUM MONACENSE ” and “ Brasilia Provinc. Bahia ”. This information matches the protologue. In the photo, there is a scrap of paper on the sheet with some unintelligible writing and the number 871. F has interpreted this to be the collection number and filed it as Martius 871. The photonegative refers to an M specimen, which we were able to locate and here designated as the lectotype of Triplaris pachau. Another M specimen, as well as F and NY exsiccata, are isolectotypes. We were able to locate also a Pohl specimen no. 2366 at OXF. However this is the type specimen of Triplaris pachau var. longipetala Meisn. (see below).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985CFFE3528405CAFADCFAB6.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — [BRAZIL]. Rio Maranhão, (fr) Pohl 2366 (lectotype: OXF [OXF 9174, digital image!]). Notes: — The specimen cited in the protologue is “ Ad Rio Maranhao (Pohl! in herb. Caes. Vindob. et Zuccar.) ”. We were unable to locate any Polygonaceae specimens of Pohl at W (Vindobona), but found a Pohl specimen at OXF (OXF 9174) originally identified as “ Triplaris ”. The specimen label reads “ HRB. MUSEI PALAT. VINDOB. ” with the collection locality given as “ Rio Maranhão ”. This appears to be the specimen referenced in the protologue, but because the remainder of the herbarium is also referenced, we cannot be certain this was the only specimen considered in the writing of the description. As a result, this specimen is a lectotype (Art. 9.1 of ICBN). Brandbyge (1986) does not treat this variety and it is unclear where it fits taxonomically within the genus.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985CFFE35284033EFBBFF967.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Non designatus. Notes: — Brandbyge (1986) excludes this species because he was unable to find type material. His communication with local botanists in Paraguay suggested that the description is actually of several species of Ruprechtia. The protologue includes a description of the plant but no specimen was cited. The locality of the collection is “ Paraguay, Asuncion, Tapoá, ad flum. Jejuí, in sylvaticis raro; legi 1860. ” Parodí deposited most of his collections at BAF and K (HUH-IB 2022). Unfortunately, no useful Parodi Triplaris collections were found in these two herbaria. Although a neotypification would be desiderable according to Art. 9.8 of ICBN, since the original description by Parodi (1878: 157 – 158) can refer to more than one species, we prefer to avoid the designation of a neotype at this time and leave the type as undesignated hoping that original material can be located.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985CFFE25284008EFD7AFD83.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — PERU. Andes (fr) Ruíz and Pavón s. n. (lectotype: NY [NY 324204, digital image!]; isolectotypes: BM [BM 838880, BM 838881, BM 838882, BM 838883, BM 838884, BM 838887, digital image!], F [F V 0042728 F, F V 0042729 F, F V 0042730 F, F V 0042731 F, F V 0042732 F, digital image!], MA [MA 811367, MA 811368, MA 811369, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue reports “ Pavon! Shuttlew. ” and “ v. s. in h. Shuttleworth ”. Shuttleworth's herbarium was purchased and transferred to BM in 1877 (HUH-IB, 2022). Brandbyge (1986) did not designate a type specimen but pointed out that Ruíz and Pavón’s specimens occur at BM, F, and MA. We traced six sheets at BM bearing plants collected by Ruíz and Pavón. These sheets have been annotated by Brandbyge as “ probably type material of T. pavonii ”. However, only two out of these six sheets have original labels indicating Peru as locality of collection (BM 838882 and BM 838884). Further three useful specimens occur at MA (MA 811367, MA 811368, and MA 811369) and they have also been annotated by Brandbyge as “ probably type material of T. pavonii ”. At F there are five specimens (FV 0042728 F, FV 0042729 F, FV 0042730 F, FV 0042731 F, and FV 0042732 F) which are duplicates or surplus materials distributed from MA (Brandbyge has again annotated all of these specimens with " probable type material " or some other equivalent phrase). Finally, we found a specimen at NY (NY 324204) which bears only fruits and a label that matches the information given in the protologue (“ Triplaris pavonii nob., ' Triplaris flos masculus Nº 6. ' Pavon! in hb. Shuttl. ”). This led us to propose this specimen as the one best fitting the protologue and designate it as the lectotype of Triplaris pavonii. The other abovementioned specimens are isolectotypes.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985DFFE25284043BFC79FB8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — PERU. [Tarapoto, 1835] (fr), Mathews 1620 (lectotype: K; isolectotypes: BM [BM 993259, digital image!], E [E 319858, digital image!], F [F 43602 (fragment), F 77063 (Fragment), digital image!], G [G 437666, digital image!], NY [NY 324208, digital image!], OXF [OXF 190622, digital image!], P [P 734730, P 734731, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue only reports “ in Peru ” and the collector (“ Mathews ”). Among all of the specimens viewed (herbaria BM, E, F, G, K, NY, OXF, and P), the date 1835 comes from the G specimen (G 437666). The NY specimen (NY 324208) contains additional locality information “ Tarapote ”, which Brandbyge (1986) interpreted as “ Tarapoto ”. Triplaris peruviana has been collected at Tarapoto in Peru in the second half of the 20 th Century (Brandbyge 1986). Thus, we follow that interpretation here. Additionally, it appears that all collections of this species have been made in the Rio Huallaga valley (Brandbyge 1986). There are some orthological variants of the type collector. In some cases, the name is spelled “ Mathews ” (e. g., Meyer [1840: 149] and Brandbyge [1986]) and in others “ Matthews ” (e. g., OXF collection). The collector is Alexander Mathews (d. 1841) and the other spellings should be considered mistakes.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985DFFE25284022AFF53FB78.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas Province. Junction of the Rio Madeira and the Rio Aripuanã. 5 ° 07 ’ S, 60 ° 25 ’ W, 20 – 21 March 1945 (fr), Cooper s. n. (holotype: US [US 5252, digital image!]; isotypes: NY [NY 324243, digital image!], P [P 734732, digital image!], UC).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985DFFE15284037FFC54FDE6.taxon	materials_examined	Type (further designated here): — PERU. Loreto Department, Maynas Province, " Maynas Alto ", E. F. Poeppig s. n. (lectotype: P [P 734733, digital image!]; isolectotype: B [B 10 - 0250415, digital image!], P [P 734734, digital image!]). Notes: — The specimen cited in the protologue is “ (Poeppig). — V. S., Herb. Mus. Par. ”, i. e. it is a specimen deposited at P. Brandbyge (1986) designated a Poeppig collection (no. 1958) at P as lectotype, and a F specimen as an isolectotype. Additionally, Brandbyge (1986) listed Poeppig 1957 (mentioned in Meisner 1856) as a paratype but no herbarium was cited for it. There are two sheets of Triplaris poeppigiana at P (P 734733 and P 734734), both collected by E. F. Poeppig and both fitting the type locality given in the protologue (“ Maynas alto ”). Both of these P specimens were annotated by Brandbyge as “ lectotype ”. None of these two P sheets bears the collection number cited by Brandbyge (1986), i. e. 1958. It seems that Brandbyge (1986) incorrectly recorded the specimen information in his lectotypification. Therefore, we here report the type specimens as without number of collection (as “ Poeppig s. n. ”, see above). According to the Art. 9.17 of ICBN, Brandbyge’s proposal represented an incomplete typification that can be further designated, and we here designate the specific specimen P 734733 as the lectotype. P 734733 displays both vegetative and reproductive parts. Another specimen at B (B 10 - 0250415) is an isolectotype. Regarding the number “ 1958 ”, the situation is quite complicate. There are two sheets at F (FV 0077062 F and FV 0043099 F), the first one having a label “ Poeppig 1957 ” which was later crossed out and “ Poeppig 1958 ” was written above it. Brandbyge (1986) does not seem to have seen this sheet which was not cited by him. The second sheet (FV 0043099 F) bears fragments of both Poeppig 1958 (female) and Poeppig 1957 (male) collections. Brandbyge (1986) has a handwritten annotation label affixed that indicates the Poeppig 1957 fragments as paratype material and the Poeppig 1958 fragments as isolectotype material. There are arrows drawn on the sheet indicating which fragments go with which number. There is also a collection at G (G 437663) that is claimed to be a mix of Poeppig 1958 and Poeppig 1957 (based on notes on the sheets themselves). The specimen is separated into two sheets with the second sheet containing both male and female inflorescences. The labels indicate that staminate material represents Poeppig 1957 and the pistillate material represents Poeppig 1958. Finally, at OXF there is a sheet of Poeppig 1957 (OXF 190594) with a collection label fitting the type locality (“ Maynas ”, the handwritten label reads at least “ Maynas ” with the full text possibly reading “ Maynas sub andinicam ”). In contrast to the collections at both F (FV 0043099 F) and G (G 437663) where Poeppig 1957 is male, Poeppig 1957 at OXF is female. We have not been able to find any documentation associating the collection numbers 1958 and 1957 with the Poeppig collection cited in the protologue. Furthermore, there seems to be a great amount of confusion as to the physical plant material associated with those collection numbers. As a result, we have not included those sheets as possible original material here, though future work may reveal them to be so.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985EFFE15284040EFB48FAFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BRAZIL. [Acre, Sena Madureira] near mouth of Rio Macauã, a tributary of the Rio Iaco [Lat. - 9.187256 Long. - 68.717976] 4 August 1933 (fr), B. A. Krukoff 5277 (lectotype: F [F V 0067817 F, digital image!]; isolectotypes: A [A 36849, digital image!], BM [BM 993267, digital image!], F [F V 0067818 F, digital image!], G [G 437662, digital image!], LP [LP 5466, digital image!], M, MICH [MICH 1111768, digital image!], MO [MO 2073328], NY [NY 324244, digital image!], S [S R- 6241, S 05 - 6947, digital image!], U [U 5716], UC, US [US 102485, digital image!]). Remaining Syntypes: — BRAZIL. Acre, near mouth of Rio Macauã where it drains into the Rio Iaco, Lat. - 9.187256 Long. - 68.717976, 8 August 2019 (fl), B. A. Krukoff 5333 (M, MO [MO 2073330], NY [NY 868552, digital image!], S [S R- 6242, digital image!], UC, US [US 1339298, digital image!]). — PERU. Loreto Department, Balsapuerto, 220 meters, April 1933 (fl), Klug 3009 (MO [MO 2073329], US [US 3223990, digital image!]). Notes: — The specimens Klug 3009, Krukoff 5277, and Krukoff 5333 listed in the protologue are syntypes (Art. 96 of ICBN). Brandbyge (1986) designated Krukoff 5277 as the lectotype and Krukoff 5333 as a paratype. However, Krukoff 5333 is not a paratype (see Art. 9.7 of ICBN) but just a syntype. The protologue reports the locality for Krukoff 5277 and Krukoff 5333 as “ Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, a tributary of the Rio Yaco. ” We interpret this as an older orthography of the present-day Rio Iaco. It also seems that Rio Macauhan is an older orthography of Rio Macauã. The Rio Macauã flows into the Rio Iaco just west of Sena Madureira in Acre, with GPS coordinates of: - 9.187256, - 68.717976. This fits roughly with the coordinates written on the lectotype Krukoff 5277: “ 9 º 20 ' S, 69 ºW ” (- 9.3333333 N, - 69.0000000 W). Thus, it seems reasonable to consider the names given in the protologue as older names for the present-day rivers of Rio Macauã and Rio Iaco.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985EFFE1528403F6FDB0F8F6.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — COLOMBIA. Near Santa Martha on the river bank, (fr), Purdie s. n. (lectotype: K [K 585009, digital image!]; isolectotypes: G [G 437661, digital image!], K [K 585010, digital image!]). Remaining Syntypes: — BRITISH GUIANA. Barama. October 1843 (fl), Ri. Schomburgk 1522 (B [B 10 - 0250413, B 10 - 0250414, digital image!], BR [BR 5288175, digital image!], F [F V 0067821 F, digital image!], NY [NY 324245, NY 324247, digital image!]). Notes: — Brandbyge (1986) designated the Purdie specimen at K (K 585009) as the lectotype. However, there is a second specimen mentioned in the protologue by Meisner (1855: 49), i. e. Ri. Schomburgk 1522. Brandbyge (1986) considered this to be a specimen of Triplaris weigeltiana. Following the publication of his revision (Brandbyge 1986), Brandbyge later correctly annotated the specimens of Ri. Schomburgk 1522 as syntypes of T. purdiei. There is no clear indication of a collection year for Purdie s. n. Both of the specimens at K have “ Hooker 1845 ” written on them, as well as a stamp “ Herbarium Benthamianum 1854 ”. Similarly, the G specimen (G 437661) has “ Mr. Bentham 1849 ” written on the top.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985EFFE0528401FEFD80FC0E.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated here): — Selectarum stirpiumAmericanarum historia 2: t. 173. f. 5.1763. (lectotype: t. 173 [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 10332 # page / 352 /]). Type (designated here): — COLOMBIA. [Santander Department], Suba, 400 m, July 1851 (fruits), Triana 1997 - 2 (epitype: COL [COL 239279, digital image!]). Notes: — Jacquin (1763: 13) indicated as provenance “ habitat in sylvis territorii Carthagenensis ”. Brandbyge (1986: 550), although he realized the need to designate a lectotype, did not to do it reporting “ Non designatus ”. We did not find any Jacquin specimens of Triplaris at B, BM, H, LINN, OXF, UPS, or W, where Jacquin’s Herbarium is known to be deposited (HUH-IB, 2022). The only original extant material appears to be the illustration given by Jaquin (1763: 13), i. e. “ TAB. CLXXIII ”, which is here designated as the lectotype of the name Triplaris pyramidalis. Meyer (1840) recognized Triplaris pyramidalis and cited Jacquin as the authority, but listed the plant as “ species mihi ignotae v. dubiae. ” Meisner (1856) also included T. pyramidalis in a section of “ species non satis notae ”, but suggested that T. pyramidalis might be synonymous with T. americana L., which is what Brandbyge (1986) concluded. Dugand (1952) believed that the description and drawing (available at: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 10332 # page / 352 /) in the protologue were sufficiently detailed enough to identify specimens from the Caribbean coast of Colombia that could serve as neotypes (“ ejemplares ”). He considered a number of specimens (Dugand does not indicate where he saw these: H. H. Smith 853, Elias 1578, Dugand & García-Barraga 2390, Dugand & García-Barraga 2411, Dugand & Jaramillo 2702, Dugand & Jaramillo 2791) but favors two in particular, i. e. R. Romero-Castaña 994 (COL accession numbers 32354 and 32261, from Ciénaga in Magdalena Department) and Triana 1997 - 2 (COL barcode 239279, from Sube in Socorro Province, present-day Santander Department). We have located and seen the Triana 1997 - 2 specimen and compared it with the original description and illustration by Jacquin (1763). The protologue description and illustration are not exceptionally detailed and could describe a number of different species of Triplaris but do describe the Triana 1997 - 2 specimen accurately. As a result, we designate it as an epitype (ICBN Art. 9.9). We verified existence of 2 specimens of Romero-Castaña 994 at COL. As of the time of this publication, we have not seen R. Romero-Castaña 994.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985FFFE0528405A6FBA3F9FB.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Non designatus. Notes: — Brandbyge (1986) excluded Triplaris riedeliana from his treatment but stated: “ If type material of T (riplaris) riedeliana Fisch. & Mey. ex C. A. Mey. exists, and it is identical with the type of T. gardneriana, T. riedeliana will be the correct name of this species, because it antedates T. gardneriana. ” Meisner (1855: 52) considered T. riedeliana identical with T. gardneriana. Hence, it is important to locate the type specimen of T. riedeliana if it exists. The protologue reads in part, “ Hab. in Brasilia prope Cazalvesco locis humidis, Riedel. (Vid. sp. sp. sicc.). ” Riedel’s collection contains field surveys in Brazil (HUH-IB, 2022), including collections of Polygonaceae belonging to all three of the major woody genera occurring in this country, i. e. Coccoloba, Ruprechtia, and Triplaris. We were able to locate a Riedel 1374 unmounted series at LE (LE 1682 – 1691). This series is filed as “ Triplaris sp. nov. ”. Our examination of this material reveals that these exsiccata are clearly identifiable as a species of Ruprechtia, based on leaf shape and stem morphology. A further Riedel specimen collected in Brazil is preserved at OXF (OXF 9171) and labeled as “ Triplaris ”. Unfortunately, there is no information linking OXF 9171 to the protolgue. We were unable to locate any Riedel specimens useful for lectotypification. Unfortunately, the name Triplaris riedeliana was not commonly used and it is quite difficult to understand the current species concept. As a consequence, we prefer to avoid a neotypification at this time, leaving the type as undesignated.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985FFFE7528400FAFDD3FDE7.taxon	materials_examined	Type (of Magonia scandens, designated here): — Biblioteca Nacional do Brazil (lectotype: MSS 1198656). = Ruprechtia laurifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) C. A. Mey. (1840: 150) Notes: — Pendry (2004) designated as lectotype the plate associated with the basionym, Magonia scandens, provided in Florae Fluminensis (1825) and Florae Fluminensis Icones (1827, vol. 4, pl. 60). The drawing in Florae Fluminensis Icons is not original material, so Pendry’s (2004) designation is incorrect. These Vellozo (1825, 1827) publications are posthumous and there is no evidence that Vellozo had any role in preparing the plates in the Icones. The original drawings that were used to make the plates, and which are considered original material (Art. 9.4 of ICBN), are in the Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil [MSS 1198656]. We here designate these drawing of M. scandens as the lectotype.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985FFFE7528400FAFDD3FDE7.taxon	description	There is an additional nomenclatural problem here in that the genus Magonia Vell. (1825) appears to be duplicated. There is also a genus Magonia A. Saint-Hilaire (1824) in the Sapindaceae and there are specimens of M. scandens in Brazilian herbaria (ex. HUEFS 059273) that are obviously members of the Sapindaceae. In short, Magonia Vell. is a later homonym of Magonia A. Saint-Hilaire	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69858FFE75284040EFB94FB9F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (further designated here): — BRITISH GUIANA. Ro. Schomburgk s. n. (lectotype: K [K 585050, digital image!]; isolectotypes: K [K 585027, K 585029 (frag.), digital image!]). Notes: — British Guiana no longer exists, having been replaced by the present-day country of Guyana. There were a number of border disputes in the history of British Guiana, notably with Venezuela and Suriname, some of which remain to the present day. The protologue gives the type as “ Schomburgk, 1 st. Coll. (not numbered). ” Brandbyge (1986) had located such a specimen at K and lectotypified it. There are however, three Triplaris specimens of Schomburgk s. n. from British Guiana located at K. Brandbyge did not annotate any of them as types. Thus, the work of Brandbyge (1986) represents an incomplete lectotypification (Art. 9.17 of ICBN). We here complete Brandbyge (1986) and designate one specimen (K 585050) as the lectotype and the other two (K 585027 and the fragment on K 585029) as isolectotypes. We chose K 585050 for the lectotype as it contains both vegetative and reproductive material.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69858FFE752840216FDC7F9FB.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BOLIVIA. La Paz Department, Covendo, above Covendo, 2000 feet, 20 August 1921 (fr), O. E. White 910 (lectotype: NY [NY 324248, digital image!]; isolectotype: GH [GH 36850, digital image!]). Notes: — The field label, affixed to the NY specimen, indicates that the collection was made at the junction of the Santa Elena and Cochabamba Rivers. It is unclear if Santa Elena is another river or a place. If the Santa Elena referred to here is a river, the type locality given in the protologue and on the specimen labels (Covendo) is in a different department than the Santa Elena River. Covendo was a Franciscan mission 18 miles up the Cochabamba River from Huachi (a small hacienda), and Huachi was just below the junction of the Bopi and Cochabamba rivers, which form the Beni River (pers. comm. L. Dorr). It is possible that Santa Elena is another name used for the Rio Bopi. Due to this ambiguity, we have left the type locality as it appears in the protologue. The field label affixed to the NY specimen also contains a discrepancy for the collection date. The field label indicates collection on 26 August 1921. But the labels on both of the type specimens cited here, as well as the protologue, place the collection date on 20 August 1921.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69858FFE7528400FAFBF3F944.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PERU. San Martin Department, Huinguillo, 500 – 600 meters, 29 March 1962 (fr), Woytkowski 7187 (holotype: MO [MO 216232 digital image!]; isotypes: US [US 3224056, digital image!], GH [GH 36851, digital image!]).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69858FFE65284016AFD5DFBBB.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BRAZIL. Amazonas State, Lago de Esperanca, Juruá Miry [River?], August 1901 (fr), E. Ule 5706 (lectotype: K; isolectotype: B [B 10 - 0250412, digital image!]). Remaining Syntype: — Amazonas State, Jurua Miry, June 1901 (fl), E. Ule 5577 (B [B 10 - 0250411, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue is very thorough. It lists two collections. Brandbyge (1986) designates one as a lectotype (Ule 5706) and the other as a paratype (sic) (Ule 5577). Brandbyge has seen the B specimen of Ule 5706 and annotated it, but not as type material of Triplaris siphonopetala, and this after he had already lectotypified it in 1986. Brandbyge also annotated the Ule 5577 specimen at B. The type locality for the lectotype is in question. The protologue gives “ Brasilien: Lago de Esperanca, Juruá Miry, Estado de Amazonas ”. We can find two Lago de Esperanca in Amazonas State. We can also find a Juruá municipality and a Juruá River in Amazonas State. The Juruá River is very long, running from Peru in the west some 600 miles to the north and east where it flows into the Amazon. Neither of the Lago de Esperanca is located within the Juruá municipality. As a result, it seems reasonable to consider the “ Juruá ” from the protologue to be referring to the river. Only one of the Lago de Esperanca (really Lago Esperança) is located near the Juruá River, the one in the municipality of Eirunepé. Even here, however, Lago Esperança is actually on the Tarauacá River, a tributary of the Juruá River. It is approximately 50 km north of the location where the Tarauacá River joins the Juruá River. As a result, neither of the Lago Esperança in Amazonas State fit the type locality well. There is a third option, however. In the neighboring state of Acre there is a Lago Esperança. This Lago Esperança is an oxbow lake off the Juruá River right at the point where the Juruá River is joined by one of its tributaries the Juruá-Mirim River (15 km north and west of Porto Walter). This third Lago Esperança fits the lower-level geographic information of the protologue the best, offering an interpretation for the “ Juruá Miry ” of the protologue as an orthographic variant of “ Juruá-Mirim ”. The problem is that this third Lago Esperança does not agree with the higherlevel geographic information included in the protologue as it is not in the state of Amazonas. In fact, it is some 70 km south of the border between Acre and Amazonas (near Cruzeiro do Sul). It is possible that the author simply misunderstood his geographic location. The problem with this interpretation that Acre was not a part of Brazil until 1903 (two years after the collection of these specimens). Moreover, in 1901 there would have been active insurrection and fighting between Brazilian settlers of Acre and the Bolivian government (which had jurisdiction over the area at that time), such that one would probably know if one were in Acre and not Amazonas. We nevertheless consider this third Lago Esperança the most likely type locality due to the correspondence of the lower-level geographic information with the description given in the protologue. Nevertheless, we have given the locality as it is in the protologue (state of Amazonas not Acre) because we cannot be certain.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69859FFE55284023AFAA4FC9A.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BRAZIL. [Near Rio de Janeiro, Araruama, 1879 – 1882] (fl & fr), Glaziou 11442 (lectotype: C [C 10017408, digital image!]; isolectotypes: B [B 10 - 0250416, digital image!], C [C 10017409, digital image!], F [F 4973, photonegative digital image!], K [K 585022, digital image!], P [P 734723, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue gives the type locality as “ Brasilia loco non indicato ” but some of the duplicates of the type specimen (Glaziou 11442) contain more precise locality information. The B specimen (B 10 - 0250416) gives the type locality as Rio de Janeiro and this is corroborated by the label of the K specimen (K 585022), which indicates a locality “ near Rio de Janeiro ”. The K specimen also indicates a date of collection: November 1879. The two specimens at P provide contradicting information. They both indicate a collection date of 24 February 1882. As a result, we have given a range of dates for the collection date of the type specimen. The P collections also further refine the type locality by providing “ Araruama ”, a city on the Atlantic coast some 50 miles east of Rio de Janeiro. The isolectotype at F is a photonegative of the isolectotype at B.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69859FFE55284023AFAA4FC9A.taxon	materials_examined	Type (of Blochmannia weigeltiana): — SURINAME. 1827 (fr), Weigelt s. n. (lectotype: B [B 10 - 0250409, digital image!]). Notes: — Chamisso (1833: 138) validly published the name Triplaris surinamensis, but cited the valid (see Art. 30 of ICBN) Blochmannia weigeltiana as synonym. According to the Art. 52.2. of ICBN, T. surinamensis is superfluous and illegitimate and its type is that of B. weigeltiana, which means that the two names are homotypic synonyms (as also recognized by Brandbyge 1986: 563 - 564). Brandbyge (1986: 563) cited the type specimen (without specifying what kind of type) as “ Weigelt s. n. leg et exsicc. Weigelt 1827 ”, and the protologue also suggests that this is the case. Note, finally, that Chamisso (1833: 138) cited also “ Triplaris americana Rottb. ” as a synonym of T. surinamensis. The type of T. americana Rottb. is the type of T. pyramidalis Jacq. The name Triplaris pyramidalis Jacq. (Jacquin 1763: 7) has priority and should have been adopted by Rottbøll (Art. 52.2, ICBN).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69859FFE55284023AFAA4FC9A.taxon	description	Notes: — Meisner (1855: 50) cited in the protologue the following syntypes (Art. 9.6 of ICBN): “ Weigelt, Schomburgk n. 223 ... R. Spruce ”. Moreover, he reported as synonyms Blochmannia weigeltiana, Triplaris surinamensis var. crassifolia “ ex parte ” (= in part, partly), and T. americana Rottb. Brandbyge (1986) correctly designated Schomburgk 223 (at K) as the lectotype. Note that this specimen had already been cited by Bentham (1845) for his T. surinamensis var. crassifolia. Taken together, this is problematic. Meisner (1855) cites another variety (Triplaris surinamensis var. crassifolia) as a synonym of T. surinamensis var. benthamiana, but he adds “ ex parte ” while citing only a single specimen. In the absence of the “ ex parte ” it would seem that T. surinamensis var. benthamiana is an illegitimate renaming of T. surinamensis var. crassifolia. The “ ex parte ” being included, the relationship between these names is unclear. Brandbyge (1986) did not address this, rather he considered these plants synonymous with T. weigeltiana. We located an additional three specimens at P (P 734735, P 734736, and P 734737) labeled with Schomburgk 223. However, the collection dates and numbers (eg. 1854 on the K specimen, but 1841 [or no date] on the P specimens) do not match that of the lectotype (K) and, therefore, we prefer to avoid these P specimens as isolectotypes.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985AFFE55284051CFE4BFA33.taxon	materials_examined	Type (further designated here): — SURINAME. 1841 (fr), Hostmann 439 (lectotype: K [K 585016, digital image!]; isolectotypes: K [K 585015, digital image!]. Notes: — Meisner (1855: 50) cited the syntype “ Hostmann 439 ” for his var. chamissoana. Brandbyge (1986) designated an Hostmann 439 specimen at K as the lectotype. However, we found two Hostmann specimens at K (K 585015 and K 585016) and, according to the Art. 9.17 of ICBN, the Brandbyge typification represented an incomplete type designation. K 585015 does not include the locality of collection, whereas K 585016 reports “ Surinam ” along with the year of collection (1841). We here designate the specific sheet K 585016 as the lectotype of Meisner’s var. chamissoana. Note that Brandbyge (1986) reported “ Habitat in Guyana brasiliensi, gallica anglica, batava ” as originally stated by Meisner (1855: 50). Concerning “ batava ” (currently The Netherlands), it might refer to the Dutch town on the Coppename River in Suriname. Nevertheless, this phrase does not appear on any of the specimens but is given by Meisner (1855). We do not include it here as part of the type locality since it is not associated with any of the type specimens. Moreover, in the sense that Meisner uses the phrase, it seems to refer to Triplaris surinamensis in its entirety, not this specific variety.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985AFFE4528403CBFAC4FD13.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BRAZIL. Bahia State, shore of the San Francisco River, 1838 – 1839 (fr), J. S. Blanchet 2917 (lectotype: P [P 734722, digital image!]; isolectotypes: BR [BR 5288113, digital image!], E [E 319857, digital image!], F [F V 0067819 F, F V 0067820 F, digital image!], G [G 437674, G 437675, digital image!], GH [GH 36852, digital image!], K [K 585020, digital image!], NY [NY 324256, digital image!], OXF [OXF 9173, digital image!]). Notes: — The protologue indicates that the locality associated with Blanchet 2917 is “ provincia brasiliensi Bahia ad oras fluminis San-Francisco ”. The lectotype (P 734722), designated by Brandbyge (1986) just reports the province of Bahia, which is consistent with the protologue. The isolectotypes include more detailed information: BR 5288113 gives “ In mediterraneis prov. Bahia ”, whereas FV 0067819 F and GH 36852 give “ Rio San Francisco, Bahia ”. On the other hand, a contradiction in type locality arises with the K (K 585020) and G (G 437675) specimens, which give the locality “ Utinga ”. Utinga, which is not included in the protologue, is a city in Bahia not close to the San Francisco River. Meisner (1855), in his treatment of Triplaris tomentosa, gives a type locality “ Habitat ad Fazendam de Utinga in deserto flum. S. Francisci et in Serra de Açurua, prov. Bahiensis ”. The word “ Fazendam ” is a latinization of the Portuguese word “ Fazenda ”, a colonial plantation house. There is an agricultural area named Utinga (State of Bahia) and it is on the San Francisco River. This is located just southwest of Xique-Xique, and is often treated synonymously with that name. It is possible that the “ Utinga ” on these isotypes are referencing this old plantation as the collection site. Other isolectotypes contain further information for the locality. The NY specimen (NY 324256) gives the collection locality as “ Serra de Acurua, prov. Bahia ”. This mountain is located outside the city of Gentio do Ouro. Gentio de Ouro and Serra de Acuruá are in turn located about 50 miles southeast of Utinga and not on the San Francisco River. “ Serra Acuruá ” is also referenced on the E specimen (E 319857) and one of Blanchet’s G specimens (G 437674). We used a different Blanchet collection (no. 2736) as a neotype for Triplaris martiana (see above), a name which Brandbyge (1986: 567 – 568) listed under the paragraph “ Excluded and dubious names ” stating “ Triplaris martiana is identical with either T. tomentosa or T. gardneriana ”. Note that Blanchet 2736 is not reported in the protologue of T. tomentosa by Weddell (1849). Meisner (1855) listed Blanchet 2736 as syntype for T. tomentosa (“ Blanchet n. 2917, ♀ et Blanchet 2736, ♂ ”), whereas, one year later Meisner (1856) included this specimen in a list he considered “ et verisim. [verisimile = like] ” with Blanchet 2917. Blanchet 2736 is deposited at BR (BR 5288144), E (E 319856), and K (K 585020), the BR specimen bearing an anonymous’ annotation that reads “ 2736, Triplaris, videtur mas – 2917 ” (the male is seen - 2917). This is a confusing note since all Blanchet 2917 specimens are female while Blanchet 2736 is male. Nevertheless, if this note was added by Blanchet, it can be taken to connect Blanchet 2917 and Blanchet 2736. This might be the reason why Meisner (1855) cited the two specimens together. Brandbyge (1986) reported these two citations but does not include Blanchet 2736 as type material for T. tomentosa. We agree with Brandbyge (1986).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985BFFE4528404A2FACBFB9F.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — [FRENCH GUIANA]. Cayenne (fr), Rohr s. n. (lectotype: C [C 10017412, digital image!]). Notes: — Meyer (1849: 148) described this species reporting as a synonym “ T. americana Vahl. Symb. II p. 100! (excl. Sun. Aubl.) ”. Thus, he considered Vahl’s (1791) name as a pro parte synonym. The protologue cites the specimen “ ap. Rohr. Hab. in America meridionali. (Vid. sp. sp. sicc. a cel. Rohr in Cayenna lect.) ”. The “ Cayenna ” referred to here is probably a Latinization of “ Cayenne ”, referencing the capital of French Guiana or the Cayenne River, in the delta of which the city of Cayenne is built. Brandbyge (1986) found a Rohr specimen at C (C 10017412) correctly designating it as the lectotype. Meyer (1840: 148) considered Triplaris vahliana to be synonymous with Triplaris americana R. H. Schomb.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985BFFEB52840216FC9EFEA3.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BOLIVIA. [La Paz Department, Cañamina, on the] Meguilla [River], 3000 feet, July 1921 (fr), H. H. Rusby 2175 (lectotype: US [US 102488!], isolectotypes: GH [GH 36853, digital image!], K [K 585006, digital image!], NY [NY 324258, digital image!]). Notes: — The isolectotype NY 324258 reports a different elevation (“ 3250 ft ”) and a different locality (“ Cañamina on the Meguilla River ”) than the other duplicate specimens. The protologue by Rusby (1927: 237) mentions “ Meguilla ” but not Cañamina. Meguilla is not a known habitational location in Bolivia, being the name of a tributary of the La Paz River. Cañamina is a known camp site of the Mulford Exploration, on which this specimen was collected. Thus, “ Cañamina on the Meguilla River ” seems the proper specification of the type locality.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E6985BFFEB52840216FC9EFEA3.taxon	description	G [G 437659, digital image!], MO [MO 216276, digital image!], NY [NY 00324213 (fragment), digital image!]). Notes: — This name was validly described by Reichenbach (1828: 163) as a name on Weigelt’s Exsiccatae “ Pl. Sur. exsicc. 1827 ” as Blochmannia weigeltiana (see Art. 30.8 of ICBN and Nicolson 1980). Brandbyge (1986) correctly designated a B specimen as the lectotype. However, since there are three Weigelt specimens at B, Brandbyge’s (1986) proposal represents an initial but incomplete lectotypification (Art. 9.17 of ICBN). We here further narrow the lectotypification to consider B 10 - 0250409 as the lectotype of B. weigeltiana. B 10 - 0250408 and B 10 - 0250410 are isolectotypes. The G 437660 and MO 216275 specimens, among the other important specimens, do not display the same label and information as the rest of the type specimens. Brandbyge added a label that indicates they are probably isolectotypes. We mention them here, but do not include them in the list of isolectotypes as we cannot be certain of their origin.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69854FFEB52840752FC0BFE74.taxon	materials_examined	Type (designated by Brandbyge 1986): — BOLIVIA. La Paz Department, San Buena Ventura, 1000 [1400] feet, 14 November 1901 (fr), R. S. Williams 672 (lectotype: K; isolectotypes: MO, NY [NY 324259, NY 324260 digital image!]). Remaining Syntypes: — BOLIVIA. Huachi, head of Beni River, midway between Meguilla and San Beuna Ventura, 1800 feet, 14 August 1921 (fl), O. E. White 958 (MO, NY [NY 324261, NY 324262 digital image!]).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69855FFEA52840536FE80FAFE.taxon	description	Triplaris ramiflora Schott ex Meisn. (1856: 54), nom. nud., pro syn. ≡ Triplaris viridiflora Schott ex Meisn., nom. nud., pro syn. (1855: 54) = Ruprechtia lundii Meisn. (1855: 54) Notes: — In Flora Brasiliensis (1855), Meisner mentions two names (T. ramiflora and T. viridiflora) as synonyms of Ruprechtia lundii. According to the Art. 36.1 b of ICBN, both these names are not validly published. Note that Meisner (1856) then indicates where specimens identified using these names can be found, i. e. “ Triplaris ramiflora et viridiflora Schott. n. 4562. ♂ in Herb. Mus. Vindobon. ”. We could not find any Schott collection of Triplaris at W. Nor could we find this particular Schott collection elsewhere. Pendry (2004) does not mention a T. ramiflora or T. viridiflora in connection with R. lundii but he did designate a type specimen for R. lundii from among the other specimens cited by Meisner (1856).	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69856FFE9528407C2FD12FCBF.taxon	description	Notes: — See notes for Triplaris ramiflora above.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69857FFE85284072EFC0CFDCB.taxon	description	Endlicher (1847: 55) reported “ Triplaris cuneata Casaretto Decad. 80. ― Habitat in Brasilia. ” Brandbyge (1986: 567 - 568) considered this a clear misspelling of Casaretto’s (1845: 80) T. crenata. Through an analysis of Casaretto’s collections at TO (Delprete et al. 2019), along with a consideration of Brandbyge (1986), we agree that “ cuneata ” is a misspelling of crenata and not an independent publication by Endlicher.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
1E4887E69857FFE852840512FD85FB53.taxon	description	Triplaris salicifolia Cham. & Schltdl. (1828: 56 – 58) ≡ Ruprechtia salicifolia (Cham. & Schltdl) C. A. Mey. (1840: 150) Notes: — Brandbyge (1986) excluded this species from Triplaris in his revision, and Pendry (2004) placed this species in Ruprechtia. We follow those works.	en	Koenemann, Daniel Mark, Burke, Janelle M. (2025): A nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae). Phytotaxa 700 (2): 115-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.2.1
