identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1E062A32D03AFA09B575FE4DBBD3A72F.text	1E062A32D03AFA09B575FE4DBBD3A72F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sundarion flavopiceum Creao-Duarte & Sakakibara	<div><p>Sundarion flavopiceum Creão-Duarte &amp; Sakakibara, sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 1-4, 19-20</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4BA57ADC-B529-450A-98A9-D338695BA746</p><p>Diagnosis. Pitchy-brown with yellow dots on head and metopidium; sides of pronotum with large oblique yellow spot; supra-humeral horns short, triangular, slightly flattened dorso ventrally.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). Female/male. Total length 11.20/10.20; length of pronotum 10.00/8.60; width of head 4.76/4.28; length of head 2.00/2.00; width of pronotum between humeral angles 4.80/4.32; distance between apices of supra-humeral processes 6.72/6.00.</p><p>Description. Holotype female (Figs. 1-3). Head yellow with irregular pitchy-brown markings; pronotum pitchy-brown with yellow dots, more dispersed over metopidium, and extended to dorsum between supra-humeral horns and behind eyes; large yellow spot on each side of pronotum, more or less fusiform, oblique, extended from base of supra-humeral horns and reaching lateral margins; apex of supra-humeral horns and of posterior process piceous. Tegmina hyaline, with smoked-brown area at apex, covering second apical cell and extended to limbus. Ventral surface of thorax, part of ovipositor, coxae, and part of femora black; sides of abdomen and legs yellowish-brown.</p><p>Head triangular (Fig. 1), 2.3x wider than long; vertex almost flat, smooth, weakly sculptured and striate, coronal suture distinctly grooved; superior margin arched, slightly sinuate at middle; ocelli located just below transocular line, closer to each other than to eyes; supra-antennal ledges straight, almost horizontal; frontoclypeus ovoid, as long as wide, extended for about half its length beyond lower margins of vertex, apex rounded and hairy. Pronotum (Figs. 2-3) shiny, roughly punctured, punctures on metopidium smaller and closer to one another than those of posterior process, larger and sparse; supra-humeral processes relatively short, triangular, acute apically, slightly flattened dorsoventrally, about as long as their basal width, directed outwards, tips slightly deflected backwards, distance between tips 1.5x width between humeral angles; posterior process, in lateral view, highest on dorsum just after supra-humeral horns, descending in almost straight line towards apex, posterior third distinctly subulate and prismatic, extending until apex of fifth apical cell of forewings; median carina obsolete, smooth and rounded; lateral margins close and parallel to internal margins of forewings. Forewings (Fig.2) entirely exposed; veins R and M+Cu confluent basally; two discoidal cells, the external (1rst R3) much smaller; five apical cells; veins s, r-m, and 2 m-cu present. Legs with two rows of cucullate setae on ventral side of pro- and mesothoracic femur and tibia.</p><p>Male (Fig. 4). Slightly smaller than female. Dark-brown, dots and lateral spot yellowish-green. Genitalia (Figs 19-20): pygofer more or less triangular with lateral plates distinct and well developed, slightly pointed dorsally; subgenital plate elongate, about 3x longer than wide in lateral view, strongly compressed laterally; aedeagus U-shaped, slender, tapering towards apex, with minute teeth on anterior surface, and another two larger before apex; styles recurved, hook-like.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female. BRAZIL, Pará. “Brasil Pará | Serra Norte | MANGANÊS | COL:[ETA]: NOTURNA | 27-I-1986 ” “Brasil Pará | H. Andrade ” (MPEG) . Paratypes: 1 female, with same label data as the holotype, except 26-X-1985. 1 female, “ GUYANE FRANÇAISE / Piste de Bélizon/PK15+20 – 19/9/2006 ” ; 1 male, “ GUYANE FRANÇAISE / Mont Itoupé/Maripassoula/ Camopi / 30/II/2014. S.E.A.G.” (DZUP) .</p><p>Comments. This species differs greatly from others in the genus, especially in the shape of supra-humeral horns, which are short and acute, and the dark-brown coloration, with yellow dots and a large yellow spot on each side of the posterior process, closely resembling Alcmeone picea (Fairmaire, 1846) . The examined male specimen is much darker than others (probably because it was collected recently), so the lateral spot and yellowish-green dots on the pronotum are more evident. The genitalia (Figs. 19-20) are similar to those of Sundarion flavum (Fairmaire, 1846) (Fig. 25), in having the subgenital plate elongate but much more compressed laterally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E062A32D03AFA09B575FE4DBBD3A72F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J.;Sakakibara, Albino M.	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J., Sakakibara, Albino M. (2016): Two new species of Sundarion (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Darninae) and taxonomic notes on two congeneric taxa. Zoologia (e 20150119) 33 (1): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150119
1E062A32D03AFA0BB610FBC2BA36A702.text	1E062A32D03AFA0BB610FBC2BA36A702.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sundarion marmoratum Sakakibara & Creao-Duarte 2016	<div><p>Sundarion marmoratum Sakakibara &amp; Creão-Duarte, sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 5-8, 21-22</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0CE70866-109A-4FB5-A7C9-E3522847E7EB</p><p>Diagnosis. Head yellowish-brown; pronotum with same color, variegate dark-brown on metopidium and dorsum between supra-humeral horns, darker towards tips; supra-humeral horns relatively short, strongly divergent, slightly curved, tapering towards apex, abrupt and truncate with posterior angle acute; posterior process less variegated, with large whitish-yellow patch at each side, close to margin, and distinct black round spot.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). Female/male. Total length 10.00/7.48; length of pronotum 8.80/6.40; width of head 4.60/3.60; length of head 1.60/1.44; distance between humeral angles 4.52/3.60; distance between apices of supra-humeral horns 6.80/5.40.</p><p>Description. Holotype female (Figs. 5-7). Head triangular (Fig. 7), almost 4x wider than long, yellowish-brown, thin median line and around each ocellus, brown; surface of vertex smooth, finely striate, slightly depressed near ocelli, superior margin widely arched; eyes ovoid; ocelli closer to each other than to eyes, situated just bellow transocular line; supra-antennal ledges flat with margins straight; frontoclypeus egg-shaped extended about half its length bellow margins of supra-antennal ledges. Pronotum (Figs. 5-7) yellowish-brown, variegated with dark-brown on metopidium and on dorsum between supra-humeral horns; supra-humeal horns dark-brown towards apex, relatively short, about 2x longer than wide at base, flattened, tricarinated, strongly divergent, slightly curved backwards, narrowed to apex, truncate, with posterior angle pointed; posterior process low, dorsal line descending straight from metopidium to distal apex, apical third strongly constricted laterally, subulate and acuminate, terminating at level of fifth apical cell of forewings; sides of posterior process at middle with a large whitish-yellow patch close to margins enclosing distinct black spot. Forewings (Fig. 5) transparent, colorless, except brown smoked spot throughout second apical cell; five apical and two discoidal cells, transversal veins s, r-m, and 2 m-cu present. Undersurface of thorax and legs brown; abdomen yellowish-brown.</p><p>Male (Fig. 8). Similar to female, smaller. Yellowish-castaneous, variegated on metopidium but less evident, also the whitish-yellow lateral patch with black spot not so evident. Supra-humeral horns short and almost horizontal. Genitalia (Figs. 21-22): pygofer more or less triangular with lateral plates distinct and well developed, slightly pointed dorsally; subgenital plate elongate, about 3x longer than wide, more or less inflated, rounded at apex; aedeagus U-shaped, globose, with minute teeth on anterior surface; styles recurved, hook-like.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female, “ GUYANE FRANÇAISE / Montagne des Chevaux / V – 2014 /Polyvie – S.E.A.G.” (DZUP) ; Paratypes: 6 males and 4 females, with same label data (DZUP) .</p><p>Comments. This species is similar to Sundarion flavum (Fairmaire) (Figs. 16-18) in its overall aspect but smaller and darker, with variegated metopidium (Fig. 8). It closely resembles Sundarion notabile Souza &amp; Rothéa (Figs. 9-12), both of which have similar coloration and variegated pronotum. It can be distinguished by a whitish-yellow patch on each side of the posterior process, around a black spot, which is more pronounced in females. The male genitalia of S. marmoratum sp. nov. are also distinctive in having the subgenital plate inflated and more rounded apically, and the aedeagus globose.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E062A32D03AFA0BB610FBC2BA36A702	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J.;Sakakibara, Albino M.	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J., Sakakibara, Albino M. (2016): Two new species of Sundarion (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Darninae) and taxonomic notes on two congeneric taxa. Zoologia (e 20150119) 33 (1): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150119
1E062A32D038FA0BB563FB28BB9AA63C.text	1E062A32D038FA0BB563FB28BB9AA63C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sundarion notabile Souza & Rothea 2005	<div><p>Sundarion notabile Souza &amp; Rothéa, 2005</p><p>Figs. 9-12, 23</p><p>Sundarion notabile Souza &amp; Rothéa in Creão-Duarte, Souza &amp; Rothéa, 2005: 95.</p><p>This species was described based on a single male specimen collected in Sinop, state of Mato Grosso. It was diagnosed as follows: “supra-humeral horns reddish-brown, short, spatulate, tricarinate, directed outwards and discreetly upwards surpassing a little the level of pronotum. Forewings entirely hyaline, with well defined veins”.</p><p>Recently we found five additional specimens of this species from the type locality (4 males and 1 female). The following description of the female is based on this material.</p><p>Diagnosis. Head yellowish-brown; pronotum yellowish-brown, variegate dark-brown on metopidium and dorsum, dark markings more dispersed anteriorly; supra-humeral horns dark-brown, relatively short, strongly divergent, more or less parallel, abrupt and truncate at apex, posterior angle acute; posterior process with distinct black spot at each side, near lateral margins.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). Female/male. Total length 9.88/8.60; length of pronotum 8.48/7.40; width of head 4.40/3.60; length of head 1.94/1.52; distance between humeral angles 4.40/3.60; distance between apices of supra-humeral horns 6.72/5.72.</p><p>Description. Female (Figs. 9, 10, 12). Head triangular (Fig. 12), about twice wider than long, yellowish-brown, thin median line and around each ocellus, brown; vertex with surface smooth, slightly depressed near ocelli, superior margin widely arched; eyes ovoid; ocelli slightly closer to each other than to eyes, situated just bellow transocular line; supra-antennal ledges flat with margins straight; frontoclypeus ovoid extended about half its length bellow margins of supra-antennal ledges. Pronotum (Figs. 9-10) yellowish-brown, variegated with dark-brown, with dots more dispersed on metopidium than on dorsum; supra-humeral horns dark-brown towards apex, relatively short, about 2x longer than wide at base, flattened, tricarinated, strongly divergent, almost parallel-sided, truncate at apex, with posterior angle pointed; posterior process low, dorsal line descending straight from metopidium to distal apex, apical third strongly constricted laterally, subulate and acuminate, terminating at level of fifth apical cell of forewings; sides of posterior process at middle visibly clearer with a distinct blackish-brown spot close to margins which are parallel to internal margins of forewings. Forewings (Fig. 9) transparent, colorless, except brown smoked spot throughout second apical cell; five apical and two discoidal cells, transversal veins s, r-m, and 2 m-cu present. Undersurface of thorax and legs brown; abdomen yellowish-brown.</p><p>Material examined. “ BRASIL. Mato Grosso /State. Sinop xii.1976 / M. Alvarenga leg.” 4 males and 1 female (DZUP).</p><p>Distribution. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso.</p><p>Remarks. Larger than male, otherwise identical (Fig. 11). The color of head and pronotum varies among individuals, and may be darker with indistinct spots or lighter with contrasting dark markings; the same for the black spot on posterior process, well visible or diffused. Moreover, the apical spot of the forewings may be present or not. The male genitalia (Fig. 23) are similar to those of Sundarion flavopiceum sp. nov. (Fig. 19) with slender aedeagus, but the subgenital plate is a little shorert, not compressed laterally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E062A32D038FA0BB563FB28BB9AA63C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J.;Sakakibara, Albino M.	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J., Sakakibara, Albino M. (2016): Two new species of Sundarion (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Darninae) and taxonomic notes on two congeneric taxa. Zoologia (e 20150119) 33 (1): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150119
1E062A32D038FA0DB7E0FAD1BCD4A642.text	1E062A32D038FA0DB7E0FAD1BCD4A642.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sundarion compressicornis (Fairmaire 1846) Creão-Duarte & Sakakibara 2016	<div><p>Sundarion compressicornis (Fairmaire, 1846), comb. nov.</p><p>Figs. 13-15, 24</p><p>Hemiptycha compressicornis Fairmaire, 1846: 313, Pl.6, fig. 18 (Type locality: BRAZIL, Bahia).</p><p>Hemiptycha truncaticornis Walker, 1858: 73 (Type locality: BRAZIL); Funkhouser, 1927: 131 (syn.) (cat.); Metcalf &amp; Wade, 1965: 707 (cat.); Broomfield, 1971: 381; McKamey, 1998: 155 (cat.). Hemikyptha compressicornis; Funkhouser, 1927: 131 (cat.); Metcalf &amp; Wade, 1965: 707 (cat.); McKamey, 1998: 155 (cat).</p><p>Measurements (in mm). Female/male. Total length 11.20/8.80; length of pronotum 10.40/8.00; width of head 4.80/3.68; length of head 2.08/1.60; distance between apices of supra-humeral horns 9.60/6.72.</p><p>Description. Female (Figs. 13-14). Head and pronotum dark-castaneous, pronotum with sparse and small pale-yellow dots, posterior process with dark spot at middle, close to lateral margin; under surface of thorax, dorsal side of femora, and abdomen blackish-castaneous; forewings hyaline with smoked-brown patch at apex, occupying part of external discoidal cell, 1-2-3 apical cells and adjacent limbus. Head triangular (Fig. 13), twice wider than long; eyes ovoid; vertex flat, finely sculptured, superior margin widely arched above ocelli; supra-antennal ledges slightly emarginate; ocelli situated just below transocular line, nearer to each other than to eyes; frontoclypeus egg-shaped, extended about half its length beyond supra-antennal ledges. Pronotum low (Fig. 14), metopidium straight in lateral profile, posterior process straight to apex, almost attaining tips of forewings; supra-humeral horns relatively long, flattened, tricarinate, strongly divergent, slightly recurved, distance between apices about 2x distance between humeral angles, more or less parallel-sided, apex abruptly and obliquely truncate, with posterior angle acute; posterior process parallel to margins of forewings, apical third subulate, tectiform. Pro- and mesothoracic legs with femur and tibia with rows of cucullate setae. Forewings (Fig. 14) with two discoidal cells, five apical cells, transversal veins s, r-m, and 2 m-cu present.</p><p>Male (Fig. 15). Very similar to female. The supra-humeral horns are little larger and stronger. Genitalia (Fig. 24): pygofer more or less triangular with lateral plates distinct and well developed, slightly pointed dorsally; subgenital plate short, about as long as pygofer, not compressed laterally; aedeagus U-shaped, slender, tapering towards apex, with minute teeth on anterior surface; styles recurved, hook-like.</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Sinop, 3 females; Rondônia: 3 females, 5 males. FRENCH GUIANA: 3 females, 2 males. (DZUP).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Rondônia) and French Guiana.</p><p>Remarks. FAIRMAIRE (1846) described Hemiptycha compressicornis as follows: “Testacea, cornubus humeralibus compressis, truncatis, nigris, postice nigro bimaculata”. WALKER (1858) described Hemiptycha truncaticornis as follows: “Testacea, robusta; frons minima; prothorax rude punctatus, ferrugineo notatus, antice subcarinatus; cornua lateralia subobliqua, supra nigra, apice truncata; carina postica recta, nigro bimaculata, apicem versus nigrum valde attenuata, abdomen paullo superans; femora supra nigra; alae subcinereae; antica macula apicali fusca”. FUNKHOUSER (1927) transferred both species to Hemikyptha Metcalf, 1927, and considered H. truncaticornis Walker as a junior synonym of H. compressicornis Fairmaire. METCALF &amp; WADE (1965) and MCKAMEY (1998) did not make any changes to this classification. In the present paper, it is classified in Darnini (formerly in Hemikypthini) belonging to Sundarion Kirkaldy, 1904 . The species is similar to Sundarion flavum (Fairmaire) in having supra-humeral horns well developed and strongly divergent (Fig. 17), but more robust and flattened; the lateral black spots on the posterior process are also present, though in some specimens they may be barely visible. The color of S. flavum, as the name suggests, is light-brown, almost yellow (Figs. 16-18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E062A32D038FA0DB7E0FAD1BCD4A642	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J.;Sakakibara, Albino M.	Creão-Duarte, Antonio J., Sakakibara, Albino M. (2016): Two new species of Sundarion (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Darninae) and taxonomic notes on two congeneric taxa. Zoologia (e 20150119) 33 (1): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150119
