identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1C708409FF97FFD2BAC5FB4BFE408895.text	1C708409FF97FFD2BAC5FB4BFE408895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prepusa dibotrya Fraga, A. P. Fontana & L. Kollmann 2014	<div><p>Prepusa dibotrya Fraga, A.P. Fontana &amp; L. Kollmann,  sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2)</p><p>The new species resembles  Prepusa viridiflora Brade, but differs by obtuse or rounded leaf apices, a wine-brown corolla that is usually longer than the calyx, and two morphological features new to the genus: compound inflorescences (dibotryum), and flowers with villous stigma.</p><p>Type: —   BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.815556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.898611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.815556/lat -19.898611)">Pedra da Onça</a>, 19 o 53’55”S and 40 o 48’56”W, 900 m elev., 16 Jan 2013 (fl), L. Kollmann, A.P. Fontana, C.N. Fraga, E.J. Lirio, V. Sarnaglia 12598 (holotype: MBML! ;  isotypes: BHCB!,  CEPEC!,  HUEFS!,  K!,  MBM!,  MO!,  NY!,  P!,  RB!,  SPF!).</p><p>Herbs, woody at the base, 29–43 cm tall without the inflorescence, branched at the base. Stems cylindrical 3.6–8.3 mm diam., internodes 3.8–28.7 mm long at the base, pale yellowish to castaneous, thereafter quadrangular 4.1–8.8 mm long, winged, internodes 6.3–140.5 mm long in the leafy part and below inflorescence, greenish-castaneous to dark wine-coloured. Leaves elliptic-oblong to narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, 60.5–160 × 18.8–45.2 mm, oppositely crossed, base attenuate to connate-perfoliate only at the base, colleters internal, margins straight to slight revolute, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronulate; adaxial surface sulcate to conduplicate at the base, darkgreen to wine-coloured at the apex, abaxial surface carinate in the midvein at the base, greenish, 2–5 pairs of secondary veins greenish to white. Inflorescence compound, dibotryum, erect, 2–5 botryoid paraclades, 15–53- flowered, cylindrical 190–320 × 1.8–5.5 mm, internodes 20–165 mm long, wine-coloured; botryoid paraclades ending in triads, erect, 3–9-flowered, cylindrical, 2–135 × 1–3.1 mm, internodes 2–130 mm long, wine-coloured; bracts elliptic, obelliptic, obovate or oblanceolate, 7–45 × 3–26 mm, connate-perfoliate only at the base, colleters internal, margin straight to slight revolute, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronulate; adaxial surface sulcate to conduplicate at the base, dark-green to wine-coloured at the apex, abaxial surface carinate in the midvein at the base, greenish, 2–3 pairs of secondary veins greenish to white; bracteoles 1 pair per flower, inserted at 1/5–4/5 of the pedicel length (from the base), terminal flower commonly lacking subtending bracteoles, oblanceolate, narrowly elliptic or oblong, 2.5–7 × 0.5–2 mm, base attenuate to connate, apex mucronate, green to wine-coloured at the apex; pedicel cylindrical, 25–50 × 0.7–1.3 mm at anthesis, to 45–60 × 1–1.5 mm during fruiting, green to wine-coloured at the apex. Calyx campanulate, 20–30 mm at anthesis, to 30–38 mm during fruiting, papillose internally and externally, dorsally winged, yellowish-green to paleaceous when old; wings 0.8–3.7 mm wide, reaching the base of the calyx lobes; lobes triangular, 6–10 × 5–8.6 mm at anthesis, to 6.5–10.3 × 5–8.6 mm during fruiting, apex acute. Corolla funnel-shaped, longer than the calyx, 2.3–38 mm long, 4.8–7.2 mm diam. at mouth, tube 6.5–9 mm long, 3–4.9 mm diam. at base, 3–4 mm wide below filament insertion; lobes lanceolate, 10–12 × 4.3–5.2 mm, margin slightly crenulate, apex acute or acuminate, cream to brown-purplish in the upper half, yellowish-green in the lower half to whitish at the base. Filaments almost equal in length, not twisted when dry, 10.4–13.6 mm long; anthers 4–4.1 mm long, attached to filaments 1–1.1 mm long from the anther base. Ovary 7.8– 9.2 mm long; style 8.4–9.7 mm long; stigma lobes obovate, villous on adaxial surface, 2.2–3 mm long. Capsule dehiscent, 11–18 mm long; seeds 0.1 mm.</p><p>Phenology: —Collected in flowers from August to January and flowers/fruits from March to April.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet of the new species refers to its dibotryum inflorescences, a distinguishing character for this species.</p><p>Distribution, habitat and ecology: —The new species is endemic from Pedra da Onça, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo. This region is characterized by granitic and gneissic inselbergs that are frequently dome-shaped and rise more or less abruptly above the surrounding landscape and limited by the border of Tropical Semideciduous Forest. Geologically and geomorphologically they  form old landscape features that are widespread on the crystalline continental shields, and are particularly abundant in certain tropical regions. The inselbergs of southeastern Brazil have been recognized as one of the three top hotspots of inselberg plant diversity, due to their species richness and high levels of endemism (Porembski, 2007). The habitat of  Prepusa dibotrya is characterized by rather sparse vegetation, with thickets of shrubs among a herbaceous layer that usually fades in the dry season.</p><p>Conservation: —Due to the apparent rarity, restricted distribution, and vulnerability to human activities, we include this species in the critically endangered category of the IUCN Red List of endangered plant species (IUCN, 2001), in accordance with the following criteria [EN B1ab(i,iii,iv)].</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRASIL. Santa Teresa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.81564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.898388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.81564/lat -19.898388)">Pedra da Onça</a>, 19 o 53’54.2”S and 40 o 48’56.3”W, 975–1029 m elev., 8 Mar 2009 (fl/fr), M.D.S. Demuner &amp; S. Venturini 59 (MBML!) ;  25 Apr 2009 (fl/fr), M.D.S. Demuner &amp; A.M. Assis 90 (MBML!);  10 Aug 2009 (fl), M.D.S. Demuner &amp; H. Loss 122 (MBML!) .</p><p>Affinities: —  Prepusa dibotrya has two morphological features new to the genus: compound inflorescences (dibotryum) and flowers with villous stigma in a genus otherwise predominantly known for its simple inflorescences and smooth or verrucose stigma. By the characters of its stems, not woody (herbaceous), or woody only at the base (subshrub), its yellowish-green or greenish-brown calyx, dorsally winged, wings reaching the base of the calyx lobes, its stems not woody (herbaceous) or woody only at the base (subshrub), the new species to some extent resembles  Prepusa viridiflora Brade.</p><p>However, this new species differs from the latter by stems that are cylindrical at the base yet merging to quadrangular (vs. cylindrical), leaf apices obtuse or rounded (vs. acuminate or acute), inflorescences compound, dibotryum, (vs. simple), bract apices obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronulate (vs. acute or acuminate), calyces papillose on the inner and outer surface (vs. papillose only on the inner surface), corollas wine-brown, usually longer than the calyx, with lobes lanceolate, and apices acute or acuminate (vs. green, usually the same size as the calyx, with lobes widely ovate, and apices caudate), filaments less than 20 mm long (vs. more than 20 mm long), anthers attached to the filament 1–1.1 mm from the anther base (vs. anthers attached to the filaments 1.7–2.1 mm from the anther base), ovaries less than 10 mm long (vs. more than 10 mm long), styles less than 10 mm long (vs. more than 10 mm long), stigmas with villous obovate lobes (vs. stigmas with verrucose lobes, very widely ovate or oblong). Additional diagnostic characters are presented in Table 1.</p><p>Both species are endemic to Espírito Santo and are restricted to saxicolous vegetation islands on inselbergs with outcropping granitic and gneissic rocks, and do not occur in sympatry with any other  Prepusa species. They are fairly isolated from each other, and their geographic distribution does not overlap.  Prepusa dibotrya was collected in the northwestern mountainous region of the state, in regions near the Tropical Semideciduous Forest, at elevations between 900–1030 m, in areas continuously subject to drought, whereas  P. viridiflora occurs in the southern mountainous region of the state, in areas next to the Tropical Ombrophilous Forest, at elevations of 1100 to 1600 m above sea level (see Annex), with higher humidity levels, but remaining subject to drought due to the thin soil cover (Figure 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C708409FF97FFD2BAC5FB4BFE408895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De;Fontana, André Paviotti;Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Fontana, André Paviotti, Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles (2014): A new species of Prepusa (Helieae, Gentianaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with an emended key for the genus. Phytotaxa 163 (5): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.4
1C708409FF93FFD0BAC5F8CDFA6A8D2F.text	1C708409FF93FFD0BAC5F8CDFA6A8D2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prepusa Martius 1827	<div><p>Key to the species of  Prepusa</p><p>1. Inflorescence simple; calyx reddish, winged from the base to the apex of the calyx tube or not winged; corolla white (Rio de Janeiro) ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.</p><p>- Inflorescence simple or compound; calyx yellowish-green or greenish-brown, winged from the base, but not reaching the apex of the calyx tube; corolla green to wine-brown ........................................................................................................... 4.</p><p>2. Calyx winged from the base to the apex of the calyx tube; calyx lobes transversely elliptic, widely elliptic or depressed ovate, with caudate to mucronate apex; corolla campanulate, longer than calyx ........................................................  P. alata</p><p>- Calyx not winged ................................................................................................................................................................. 3.</p><p>3. Bracts 34–61 × 18–32 mm, connate at the base, forming a bilabiate sheath; calyx lobes caudate; filaments twisted when dry ...........................................................................................................................................................................  P. connata</p><p>- Bracts 19–27 × 5–9 mm, sub-connate at the base; calyx lobes apiculate to mucronate; filaments not twisted when dry....... ...........................................................................................................................................................................  P. hookeriana</p><p>4. Stems woody, shrub or small tree; leaf apex obtuse and emarginate; calyx yellowish-green, lobes cuspidate; corolla greenish (Bahia) .............................................................................................................................................................  P. montana</p><p>- Stems not woody (herbaceous) or woody only at the base (subshrub); calyx greenish-brown, lobes acuminate; corolla green or wine-brown (Espírito Santo) .................................................................................................................................. 5.</p><p>5. Leaf apices obtuse or rounded; inflorescence compound; corolla wine-brown, usually longer than the calyx; stigma villous ............................................................................................................................... .................................................  P. dibotrya</p><p>- Leaf apices acuminate or acute; simple inflorescence; corolla green, usually the same size as the calyx; stigma verrucose. ..............................................................................................................................................................................  P. viridiflora</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C708409FF93FFD0BAC5F8CDFA6A8D2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De;Fontana, André Paviotti;Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Fontana, André Paviotti, Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles (2014): A new species of Prepusa (Helieae, Gentianaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with an emended key for the genus. Phytotaxa 163 (5): 287-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.4
