identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1C04CD046E30FF9DFF5121A6FB51A7FB.text	1C04CD046E30FF9DFF5121A6FB51A7FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Axarus dorneri (Malloch 1915)	<div><p>Axarus dorneri (Malloch, 1915)</p><p>Malloch, 1915: 471 ( Chironomus) [USA: Texas]; Townes (1945: 96 as  Xenochironomus dorneri (Malloch) new combination), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 74 as  Chironomus dorneri Malloch, nomen dubium).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province,  Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 22 December 1928, leg C.H. Curran (Townes 1945).  As previous except 2 males, 6 February–25 March 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.).</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p><p>Note. The species was described based on a female from Texas and was regarded as a nomen dubium by Spies &amp; Reiss (1996). However, Townes (1945: 96) described a male as  Xenochironomus dorneri (Malloch) based partly on a specimen from Barro Colorado Island, but he admits that he “can not be sure that the male and female described above are the same species or that either of them are Malloch’s  dorneri . There seems to be a number of Neotropical species closely related to  dorneri, but the material available is scanty. The male specimen described and figured above is the only available male that can possibly be Malloch’s  dorneri .” Since Roback (1963a: 236) and Sublette (1966: 25) the species has generally been considered to be a member of  Axarus . Following Townes (1945) we list the species as  A. dorneri (Malloch) . However, the material from Panama should be re-examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E30FF9DFF5121A6FB51A7FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E30FF9DFF5122A2FBB3A173.text	1C04CD046E30FF9DFF5122A2FBB3A173.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Axarus Roback 1980	<div><p>Genus  Axarus Roback, 1980</p><p>A genus of ~15 species that occur in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, and the Australasian regions. Ten species are known from South America (Andersen &amp; Mendes 2002a; Andersen et al. 2018; Pinho et al. 2019). The larvae occur in littoral to sublittoral soft sediments in lakes and rivers (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E30FF9DFF5122A2FBB3A173	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E30FF9DFF512522FCDAA436.text	1C04CD046E30FF9DFF512522FCDAA436.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Beardius aciculatus Andersen et Saether 1996	<div><p>Beardius aciculatus Andersen et Saether, 1996 *</p><p>Andersen et Saether, 1996: 40 [Costa Rica].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 104, Bugaba District,  La Concepción,  Rio Güigala,  Vias del Ferrocarril,  Antiguo Puente, 1 male, 12 March 2021, UV light trap, leg Y. Aquirre &amp; T. Ríos  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E30FF9DFF512522FCDAA436	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E30FF9DFF51262EFAB0A6F7.text	1C04CD046E30FF9DFF51262EFAB0A6F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Beardius Reiss et Sublette 1985	<div><p>Genus  Beardius Reiss et Sublette, 1985</p><p>A genus with&gt;30 named species that occur mainly in tropical areas in the Neotropical region with a few species in the southern parts of the Nearctic region (Jacobsen &amp; Perry 2000; Pinho et al. 2013). The larvae have been found associated with macrophytes or submerged wood in both standing and flowing waters (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E30FF9DFF51262EFAB0A6F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E30FF9CFF512460FDEDA3EB.text	1C04CD046E30FF9CFF512460FDEDA3EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Beardius breviculus Reiss et Sublette 1985	<div><p>Beardius breviculus Reiss et Sublette, 1985</p><p>Reiss et Sublette, 1985: 189 [Panama; holotype in U.S. National Museum]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 68).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Oeste Province,  Naranjal, male (holotype), 1 October 1956, leg F.S. Blanton;  Colon Province, Camp Pina, 2 males (paratypes), 29 April 1954 (Reiss &amp; Sublette 1985).</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E30FF9CFF512460FDEDA3EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E31FF9CFF512153FB6FA064.text	1C04CD046E31FF9CFF512153FB6FA064.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi 1905	<div><p>Chironomus calligraphus Goeldi, 1905</p><p>Goeldi, 1905: 136 [Brazil]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 69).</p><p>Syn.:  Tendipes (Tendipes) aversa Roback, 1962: 6 [Panama; holotype in  Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia]  .</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province, Curundu, Albrook (Holbrook (sic.))  Air Force Base, male and female (holotype and allotype of  Tendipes (T.) aversa Roback), 28 December 1967, at light, leg C. Earl Smith ;  as previous except 9 males, 14 females (paratypes), 25 December 1957 – 7 January 1958 (Roback 1962).</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics.? Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Uruguay,? Virgin Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E31FF9CFF512153FB6FA064	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E31FF9CFF51225FFCA6A2E7.text	1C04CD046E31FF9CFF51225FFCA6A2E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chironomus Meigen 1803	<div><p>Genus  Chironomus Meigen, 1803</p><p>One of the most species-rich and common chironomid genera, with ~300 described species from all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. The larvae graze on detritus or are filter-feeders, predominantly in soft sediments of standing water, rarely in flowing water (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E31FF9CFF51225FFCA6A2E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E31FF9CFF512566FD9CA4BB.text	1C04CD046E31FF9CFF512566FD9CA4BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladopelma forcipes (Rempel 1939)	<div><p>Cladopelma forcipes (Rempel, 1939)</p><p>Rempel, 1939: 211 ( Chironomus ( Cryptochironomus)) [Brazil]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 69).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Colon Province,  Gamboa, 1 male, 26 January 1984, leg W. Nentwig, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.</p><p>Note. The species was collected in connection with a study on the feeding ecology of the tropical spitting spider  Scytodes longipes (Nentwig 1985) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E31FF9CFF512566FD9CA4BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E31FF9CFF51266DFF63A530.text	1C04CD046E31FF9CFF51266DFF63A530.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladopelma Kieffer 1921	<div><p>Genus  Cladopelma Kieffer, 1921</p><p>A genus of ~20 described species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica and Oceania. The larvae live in streams and larger rivers, lakes, and ponds as well as brackish water and hot springs (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E31FF9CFF51266DFF63A530	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3EFF93FF512382FA9DA253.text	1C04CD046E3EFF93FF512382FA9DA253.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptochironomus Kieffer 1918	<div><p>Genus  Cryptochironomus Kieffer, 1918</p><p>A genus of 57 described species distributed in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica. Four species are described from South America (Silva et al. 2010). Keys to the Neotropical males, pupae and larvae were given by Silva et al. (2010). The larvae occur in various substrata in lakes, streams and rivers (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3EFF93FF512382FA9DA253	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5121C2FB94A093.text	1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5121C2FB94A093.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptotendipes Lenz 1941	<div><p>Genus  Cryptotendipes Lenz, 1941</p><p>A genus of 23 described species, most of which occur in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. A single named species,  C. daktylos (Walley in Curran, 1934) is recorded from Guyana in South America (Spies &amp; Reiss 1996). The larvae inhabit sediments of sand and mud in lakes and rivers (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5121C2FB94A093	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5127BEFAA9A66B.text	1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5127BEFAA9A66B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Demicryptochironomus Lenz 1941	<div><p>Genus  Demicryptochironomus Lenz, 1941</p><p>A genus of 31 described species distributed in all zoogeographical regions, except Oceania and Antarctica. Larvae assigned to  Demicryptochironomus have been recorded from Brazil (Roque et al. 2004; Trivinho-Strixino 2011). A key to adult males was given by Yan et al. (2008). The larvae occur in sandy or muddy sediments in lakes, streams, and rivers, where they have been reported to be predatory, especially on oligochaetes (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5127BEFAA9A66B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5125B6FEEFA45F.text	1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5125B6FEEFA45F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicrotendipes Kieffer 1913	<div><p>Genus  Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913</p><p>A genus of ~85 described species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. The genus was revised by Epler (1988). The larvae inhabit the littoral sediments of standing waters and can be common in lentic habitats (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3EFF93FF5125B6FEEFA45F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512382FD75A2DE.text	1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512382FD75A2DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicrotendipes baru Epler 1996	<div><p>Dicrotendipes baru Epler, 1996 *</p><p>Epler, 1996: 13 [Costa Rica].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, David District,  San Pablo Viejo,  Rio Platanal, puente vía  Interamericana antes de llegar a la entrada de Bagala, 1 male, 12 April 2021, leg Y. Aquirre &amp; T. Ríos  .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Gualaca District,  Quebrada Grande, 4 males, 27 February 2019, UV light trap, leg Y. Aquirre  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512382FD75A2DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512108FDEDA03D.text	1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512108FDEDA03D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicrotendipes californicus (Johannsen 1905)	<div><p>Dicrotendipes californicus (Johannsen, 1905)</p><p>Johannsen, 1905: 217 ( Chironomus) [USA: California]; Epler (1988: 61), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 70).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Presa Fortuna, holding pond above  Aoki Camp, 1 male, 25 May 1985, light trap, leg R. W. Flowers (Epler 1988)  .   Panamá Oeste Province, Canal Zone,  Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, February–March 1986, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512108FDEDA03D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512095FD4EA77C.text	1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512095FD4EA77C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicrotendipes hulberti Epler 2016	<div><p>Dicrotendipes hulberti Epler, 2016</p><p>Epler, 2016: 78 [USA: Florida].</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Colon Province, Canal Zone, Gamboa,  Rio Agua Salud, 1 male, July 1967, light trap, leg W.W. Wirth (Epler 2016)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Florida, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3FFF92FF512095FD4EA77C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3FFF92FF51255EFC48A400.text	1C04CD046E3FFF92FF51255EFC48A400.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endotribelos Grodhaus 1987	<div><p>Genus  Endotribelos Grodhaus, 1987</p><p>A genus of 14 described species, all occurring in South America, except  E. redimiculum Qi, Shi, Lin et Wang, 2013 from China. The larvae of four unknown morphotypes from Brazil are described by Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Pepinelli (2015) and keys to male adults and larvae of all species are also provided. The larvae are associated with aquatic macrophytes, decayed leaves, wood and fruits in lotic and lentic habitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3FFF92FF51255EFC48A400	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3CFF91FF5122A2FB56A1FE.text	1C04CD046E3CFF91FF5122A2FB56A1FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goeldichironomus amazonicus (Fittkau 1968)	<div><p>Goeldichironomus amazonicus (Fittkau, 1968)</p><p>Fittkau, 1968: 260 ( Siolimyia) [Brazil]; Wirth (1979: 135), Reiss &amp; Sublette (1985: 192), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 70).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Colon Province, Canal Zone, Gamboa,  Rio Agua Salud, 1 male, July 1967, light trap, leg W.W. Wirth ;  as previous except Gamboa, Pipeline Road, 1 male, July 1967, light trap, leg W.W. Wirth;   Panamá Oeste Province, Canal Zone,  Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 24 May 1964, light trap, leg S. &amp; D. Duckworth (Wirth 1979)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Florida, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, West Indies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3CFF91FF5122A2FB56A1FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3CFF91FF512028FBD1A75B.text	1C04CD046E3CFF91FF512028FBD1A75B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goeldichironomus carus (Townes 1945)	<div><p>Goeldichironomus carus (Townes, 1945)</p><p>Townes, 1945: 118 ( Tendipes) [Venezuela]; Conteras-Lichtenberg (1982: 176), Reiss &amp; Sublette (1985: 192), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 70).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province,  Las Cumbres, 23 November 1977, leg R. W. Flowers (Conteras-Lichtenberg 1982)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Colombia, Costa Rica, Florida, Panama, Venezuela.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3CFF91FF512028FBD1A75B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3CFF91FF512382FA9CA277.text	1C04CD046E3CFF91FF512382FA9CA277.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goeldichironomus Fittkau 1965	<div><p>Genus  Goeldichironomus Fittkau, 1965</p><p>A genus of 15 named species mainly distributed in the Neotropical region (tropical and subtropical Central and South America), but several species reach their northern limits in southeastern USA (Donato &amp; Andersen 2022). The larvae of  Goeldichironomus are mostly found in sediments, on plants or in floating mats of vegetation in lentic habitats, in fresh to brackish water, and in oligotrophic to hypereutrophic conditions (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3CFF91FF512382FA9CA277	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3CFF91FF51278EFD43A69A.text	1C04CD046E3CFF91FF51278EFD43A69A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goeldichironomus fluctuans Reiss 1974	<div><p>Goeldichironomus fluctuans Reiss, 1974</p><p>Reiss, 1974: 105 [Brazil]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 70).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 22 February 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3CFF91FF51278EFD43A69A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3CFF91FF5126CCFB3BA416.text	1C04CD046E3CFF91FF5126CCFB3BA416.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goeldichironomus holoprasinus (Goeldi 1905)	<div><p>Goeldichironomus holoprasinus (Goeldi, 1905)</p><p>Goeldi, 1905: 135 ( Chironomus) [Brazil]; Roback (1962: 8 as  Tendipes (Tendipes) fulvipilus (Rempel)), Reiss &amp; Sublette (1985: 193), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 70).</p><p>Syn.:  Chironomus fulvipilus Rempel, 1939: 210 [Brazil].</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province, Curundu, Albrook (Holbrook (sic.))  Air Force Base, 9 males 46 females, 25 December 1957 – 7 January 1958, at light, leg C. Earl Smith (Roback 1962)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Costa Rica, Florida, Panama, Venezuela, West Indies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3CFF91FF5126CCFB3BA416	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3CFF90FF512440FAAFA3EB.text	1C04CD046E3CFF90FF512440FAAFA3EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lauterborniella Thienemann et Bause 1913	<div><p>Genus  Lauterborniella Thienemann et Bause, 1913</p><p>A genus with a single named species,  L. agrayloides (Kieffer, 1911) distributed in the Neotropical, Nearctic, and Palaearctic regions. Other species referred to as  Lauterborniella in the literature belong either to  Zavreliella Kieffer, 1920 or to  Kribiodorum Kieffer, 1921, or their generic affinities are unclear (Epler et al. 2013). The larvae are mobile amongst submerged vegetation in small bodies of standing water (Epler et al. 2013). In Brazilian streams they have also been found in accumulations of litter attached to stones (Sanseverino &amp; Nessimian 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3CFF90FF512440FAAFA3EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3DFF90FF51225FFDEEA125.text	1C04CD046E3DFF90FF51225FFDEEA125.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lauterborniella agrayloides (Kieffer 1911)	<div><p>Lauterborniella agrayloides (Kieffer, 1911)</p><p>Kieffer, 1911: 51 ( Tanytarsus) [Germany]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 70).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 22 February 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3DFF90FF51225FFDEEA125	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3DFF90FF51219CFE1BA021.text	1C04CD046E3DFF90FF51219CFE1BA021.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oukuriella Epler 1986	<div><p>Genus  Oukuriella Epler, 1986</p><p>A genus of&gt;20 species restricted to the Neotropical region. The larvae can be found associated with freshwater sponges or submerged wood in streams and rivers (Fusari et al. 2014). Species associated with sponges were revised by Fusari et al. (2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3DFF90FF51219CFE1BA021	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3DFF90FF5126B4FDEDA59D.text	1C04CD046E3DFF90FF5126B4FDEDA59D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachironomus directus (Dendy et Sublette 1959)	<div><p>Parachironomus directus (Dendy et Sublette, 1959)</p><p>Dendy et Sublette, 1959: 514 ( Tendipes ( Cryptochironomus)) [USA: Alabama]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 71).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 2 males, February– March 1986, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3DFF90FF5126B4FDEDA59D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3DFF90FF512748FDC7A65D.text	1C04CD046E3DFF90FF512748FDC7A65D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachironomus Lenz 1921	<div><p>Genus  Parachironomus Lenz, 1921</p><p>The genus has a worldwide distribution with at least 30 species in the Holarctic region and 20 species in the Neotropical region (Trivinho-Strixino et al. 2010; Epler et al. 2013). The adults of the Neotropical species were revised by Spies et al. (1994). Larvae are found in lentic and lotic water bodies under a wide range of conditions, including leaf miners in submerged macrophytes; they also live in association with Bryozoa or are ectoparasites on other invertebrates (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3DFF90FF512748FDC7A65D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3DFF97FF5125CAFED2A2BF.text	1C04CD046E3DFF97FF5125CAFED2A2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachironomus longistilus Paggi 1977	<div><p>Parachironomus longistilus Paggi, 1977</p><p>Paggi, 1977: 200 [Argentina]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 71 as  P. supparilis (Edwards, 1931)), see Spies et al. (1994: 81), Spies (2008: 174).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Colon Province,  Gamboa, 1 male, 2 January 1984, leg W. Nentwig, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .   Panamá Oeste Province, Canal Zone,  Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 22 February 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Argentina, Panama.</p><p>Notes. Spies et al. (1994) treated  Parachironomus supparilis (Edwards, 1931) as a “superspecies”. However, Spies (2008) stated that the treatment of  P. supparilis (Edwards) as a superspecies is untenable and split the species in three separately valid species:  P. supparilis (Edwards) distributed in the southern Andean eastern slope south to Tierra del Fuego,  P. valdiviensis Spies, 2008 from two localities in southern and central Chile and  P. longistilus Paggi, 1977 distributed from northeast Argentina north to southeast U.S.A. One of the specimens from Panama was collected in connection with a study on the feeding ecology of the tropical spitting spider  Scytodes longipes (Nentwig 1985) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3DFF97FF5125CAFED2A2BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3AFF97FF5121C3FD6EA0B7.text	1C04CD046E3AFF97FF5121C3FD6EA0B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratendipes Kieffer 1911	<div><p>Genus  Paratendipes Kieffer, 1911</p><p>A genus of nearly 40 named species that occur in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and in the Holarctic realm (Qi et al. 2009). For South America there are only records of unnamed species (Roque et al. 2004; Trivinho-Strixino 2011). The larvae are found in lakes, ponds, small water bodies, bogs, and hot springs and in streams and rivers in soft sediments and sandy bottoms (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3AFF97FF5121C3FD6EA0B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3AFF96FF5125F0FAB9A3EB.text	1C04CD046E3AFF96FF5125F0FAB9A3EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypedilum (Polypedilum) Kieffer 1912	<div><p>Polypedilum (Polypedilum) spp.</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Renacimiento District,  Reserva Privado Landis,  Quebrada sin nombre, 4 males, 30 December 2021 – 15 January 2022, Malaise trap, leg M. Landis.   Chiriquí Province,  Cuenca 102,  Bugaba District,  Quebrada La Vuelta,  San Andrés Bugaba,  Finca la Esperanza, 1 male, 8–21 April 2022, Malaise trap, leg Y. Aquirre &amp; T. Rios.   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108,  Gualaca District, Quebrada Grande, 8 males, 27 February 2019, light trap, leg Y Aguirre.   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108,  Boquete District, Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 8 males, 28 November 2018, light trap, leg K. Castillo.   Veraguas Province, Cuenca 108,  Boquete District, Quebrada Honda, 3 males, 18 February 2018, leg B. Armitage;  as previous except 5 males, 6 February 2019 .   Panamá Oeste Province,  Barro Colorado Island, 8 males, 22 February 1986, leg H. Malicky [ZSM]  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3AFF96FF5125F0FAB9A3EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3AFF97FF5127DBFDEBA581.text	1C04CD046E3AFF97FF5127DBFDEBA581.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypedilum Kieffer 1912	<div><p>Genus  Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912</p><p>Asheum Sublette et Sublette, 1983, as subgenus.</p><p>The largest genus of  Chironomidae, with&gt;500 described species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. Based on imaginal characters, eight subgenera were recognized by Saether et al. (2010), namely  Tripedilum Kieffer, 1921;  Polypedilum s. str.;  Pentapedilum Kieffer, 1913; Tripodura Townes, 1945; Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saether, 1998;  Cerobregma Saether et Sundal, 1999;  Kribionympha Kieffer, 1921; and  Probolum Andersen et Saether, 2010. However, the delimitation of the subgenera was questioned by Yamamoto &amp; Yamamoto (2015) and Cranston et al. (2016). The position of Asheum is unclear but it is usually treated as a subgenus within  Polypedilum (see Pinho &amp; Silva 2020). The larva of  Polypedilum occur in virtually all still and flowing waters, except in the Arctic and at high elevation. They are mostly found in sediments, mining water plants or specializing in plant-held waters (phytotelmata) (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3AFF97FF5127DBFDEBA581	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51225FFDEDA12A.text	1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51225FFDEDA12A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypedilum (Tripodura) pterospilis Townes 1945	<div><p>Polypedilum (Tripodura) pterospilis Townes, 1945</p><p>Townes, 1945: 40 [USA: Texas]; Roback (1962: 6), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 72).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province, Albrook (Holbrook (sic.)) Air Force Base,  Curundu, 1 male, 28 December 1957, leg C. Earl Smith (Roback 1962)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51225FFDEDA12A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51219CFBCDA73D.text	1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51219CFBCDA73D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypedilum (Tripodura) Townes 1945	<div><p>Polypedilum (Tripodura) spp.</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Renacimiento District,  Reserva Privado Landis,  Quebrada sin nombre, 5 males, 30 December 2021 – 15 January 2022, Malaise trap, leg M. Landis.   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 102,  Bugaba District,  Quebrada La Vuelta, San Andrés Bugaba,  Finca la Esperanza, 2 males, 8–21 April 2022, Malaise trap, leg Y. Aquirre &amp; T. Rios.   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 104,  Bugaba District,  La Concepcíon,  Rio Güigala,  Vias del Ferrocarril,  Puente Antiguo, 1 male, 13 March 2021, light trap, leg Y. Aquirre &amp; T. Rios.   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108,  David District,  San Pablo Viejo,  Rio Platanal, puente vía  Interamericana antes de llegar a la entrada de Bagala, 29 males, 12 April 2021, leg Y. Aquirre &amp; T. Rios.   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108,  Gualaca District,  Quebrada Grande, 8 males, 27 February 2019, light trap, leg Y. Aguirre.   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108,  Boquete District, Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 25 males, 28 November 2018, light trap, leg K. Castillo.   Panamá Oeste Province,  Barro Colorado Island, 8 males, 22 February 1986, leg H. Malicky [ZSM].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51219CFBCDA73D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3BFF96FF512794FD76A6A5.text	1C04CD046E3BFF96FF512794FD76A6A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypedilum (Uresipedilum) microzoster Sublette et Sasa 1994	<div><p>Polypedilum (Uresipedilum) microzoster Sublette et Sasa, 1994 *</p><p>Sublette et Sasa, 1994: 43 [Guatemala].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, David District,  San Pablo Viejo,  Rio Platanal, puente vía Interamericana antes de llegar a la entrada de Bagala, 1 male, 12 April 2021 ,  leg Y. Aquirre &amp; T. Rios .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Grande,  Valle Escondido, Condo unit 157-G, 1 male, 12 April 2021 ,   light trap, leg B.  Armitage; as previous except 17 males, March–April 2022  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Guatemala, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3BFF96FF512794FD76A6A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51240FFD43A4E9.text	1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51240FFD43A4E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) fittkaui Borkent 1984	<div><p>Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) fittkaui Borkent, 1984</p><p>Borkent, 1984: 109 [Brazil]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 73).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 10 March 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51240FFD43A4E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51251DFD47A5C4.text	1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51251DFD47A5C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenochironomus Kieffer 1919	<div><p>Genus  Stenochironomus Kieffer, 1919</p><p>A genus of&gt;100 described species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. The genus was revised by Borkent (1984), describing Petalopholeus as a new subgenus. South American species were treated by Dantas et al. (2016). The larvae are obligate miners in living or dead vegetation including woody parts of plants, in both lentic and lotic situations (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E3BFF96FF51251DFD47A5C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E38FF95FF512382FD75A296.text	1C04CD046E38FF95FF512382FD75A296.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) gladius Borkent 1984	<div><p>Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) gladius Borkent, 1984</p><p>Borkent, 1984: 108 [Costa Rica]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 73).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 10 March 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E38FF95FF512382FD75A296	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E38FF95FF5122C0FCE3A1F5.text	1C04CD046E38FF95FF5122C0FCE3A1F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) quadrinotatus Borkent 1984	<div><p>Stenochironomus (Petalopholeus) quadrinotatus Borkent, 1984</p><p>Borkent, 1984: 114 [Costa Rica]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 73).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Oeste Province, Canal Zone,  Barro Colorado Island, 1 female (paratype), 25 February 1967 (Borkent 1984).  As previous except 1 male, 10 March 1986, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.).</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E38FF95FF5122C0FCE3A1F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E38FF95FF5127B5FCAEA659.text	1C04CD046E38FF95FF5127B5FCAEA659.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xenochironomus Kieffer 1921	<div><p>Genus  Xenochironomus Kieffer, 1921</p><p>A genus with ~20 species distributed in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, Oriental, and Australasian regions. The genus was revised by Fusari et al. (2013). The larvae of almost all species are obligate miners in freshwater sponges in standing and flowing waters (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E38FF95FF5127B5FCAEA659	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E38FF95FF512689FDEDA598.text	1C04CD046E38FF95FF512689FDEDA598.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xenochironomus xenolabis Kieffer	<div><p>Xenochironomus xenolabis Kieffer in Thienemann et Kieffer, 1916</p><p>Kieffer in Thienemann et Kieffer, 1916: 526 [Sweden]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 74).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 2 March 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E38FF95FF512689FDEDA598	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E38FF95FF5125CEFF63A497.text	1C04CD046E38FF95FF5125CEFF63A497.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestochironomus Sublette et Wirth 1972	<div><p>Genus  Xestochironomus Sublette et Wirth, 1972</p><p>A genus of more than ten described species that occur only in the Neotropical and Nearctic regions (Pinho &amp; Souza 2013; Bello-González et al. 2016). Known larvae are miners in immersed wood in running waters (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E38FF95FF5125CEFF63A497	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E39FF94FF5125CFFA92A4BB.text	1C04CD046E39FF94FF5125CFFA92A4BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochironomus Malloch 1915	<div><p>Genus  Pseudochironomus Malloch, 1915</p><p>A genus of ~20 described species from the Neotropical, Nearctic and Western Palaearctic regions. Eleven species are described from the Neotropical region (Paggi &amp; Rodriguez-Garay 2015; Shimabukuro et al. 2017; Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Shimabukuro 2018; Andersen 2023; Andersen et al. 2023). Larvae favour sandy or gravelly littoral sediments, primarily in meso- or oligotrophic lakes or in large, slow flowing rivers (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E39FF94FF5125CFFA92A4BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E39FF94FF512383FCDDA296.text	1C04CD046E39FF94FF512383FCDDA296.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestochironomus comptus Sublette et Wirth 1972	<div><p>Xestochironomus comptus Sublette et Wirth, 1972</p><p>Sublette et Wirth, 1972: 10 [Jamaica]; Borkent (1984: 25), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 74).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Colon Province, Canal Zone, Gamboa,  Rio Agua Salud, 1 male, July 1967, light trap, leg W.W. Wirth (Sublette &amp; Wirth 1972)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E39FF94FF512383FCDDA296	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E39FF94FF5122C0FDEDA1D1.text	1C04CD046E39FF94FF5122C0FDEDA1D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestochironomus subletti Borkent 1984	<div><p>Xestochironomus subletti Borkent, 1984</p><p>Borkent, 1984: 25 [USA: Texas]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 74).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, February–March 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E39FF94FF5122C0FDEDA1D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E39FF94FF5120F9FBEFA784.text	1C04CD046E39FF94FF5120F9FBEFA784.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavreliella Kieffer 1920	<div><p>Genus  Zavreliella Kieffer, 1920</p><p>A genus with ~15 species; according to Fusari et al. (2017), 13 of these are known from tropical South America. The genus was revised by Reiss (1990). The larvae build transportable cases and move among submerged vegetation in standing water but can also be found in sediments in flowing waters (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E39FF94FF5120F9FBEFA784	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E39FF94FF5127F2FC2FA553.text	1C04CD046E39FF94FF5127F2FC2FA553.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavreliella longiseta Reiss 1990	<div><p>Zavreliella longiseta Reiss, 1990</p><p>Reiss, 1990: 112 [Brazil]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 74).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 3 males, February– March 1986, light trap, leg H. Malicky, det. F. Reiss [ZSM] (M. Spies, pers. comm.)  .</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Gualaca District,  Quebrada Grande, 1 male, 27. February 2019, UV light trap, leg Y. Aquirre  .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Grande,  Valle Escondido, near tennis courts, 1 male, 27 February 2019, UV light trap, leg B. Armitage  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E39FF94FF5127F2FC2FA553	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E26FF8BFF51254EFF51A417.text	1C04CD046E26FF8BFF51254EFF51A417.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladotanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) Kieffer 1921	<div><p>Cladotanytarsus (Cladotanytarsus) sp. *</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, David District,  San Pablo Viejo,  Rio Platanal, puente vía  Interamericana antes de llegar a la entrada de Bagala, 1 male, 12 April 2021, UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T. Ríos  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E26FF8BFF51254EFF51A417	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E26FF8BFF5127E6FC28A51B.text	1C04CD046E26FF8BFF5127E6FC28A51B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladotanytarsus Kieffer 1921	<div><p>Genus  Cladotanytarsus Kieffer, 1921</p><p>A genus divided into two subgenera,  Cladotanytarsus s. str. Kieffer, 1921 and  Lenziella Kieffer, 1922, with 73 and 7 described valid species respectively (Giłka 2011; Puchalski et al. 2018; Giłka &amp; Puchalski 2018). Except for Antarctica, the genus is distributed in all zoogeographical regions including Oceania (Giłka &amp; Dobosz 2015). No named species are recorded from South America, but larval morphotypes have been reported from Brazil (Roque et al. 2004). Larvae construct sessile cases of fine detritus and have been found in streams and larger rivers, lakes, and ponds, as well as in brackish water and hot springs (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E26FF8BFF5127E6FC28A51B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E26FF8BFF512442FA11A4E8.text	1C04CD046E26FF8BFF512442FA11A4E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau 1998	<div><p>Genus  Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau, 1998</p><p>A genus with seven described extant species that occur in the Neotropical and Australasian regions; the geographical distribution of all  Nandeva has been recently analysed by Andersen et al. (2011) and Giłka et al. (2016). The only described larvae were found in semi-immersed leaf litter packs in a tropical stream in Australia (Cranston 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E26FF8BFF512442FA11A4E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E26FF8BFF51219AFB4DA04F.text	1C04CD046E26FF8BFF51219AFB4DA04F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Riethia Kieffer 1917	<div><p>Genus  Riethia Kieffer, 1917</p><p>A transantarctic genus of more than 20 named species that occurs in South and Central America (Trivinho-Strixino &amp; Shimabukuro 2018; Andersen &amp; Sanz-laParra 2023; Andersen et al. 2024), and the Austro-Pacific region (Cranston 2019a). In South America larva of  R. truncatocaudata (Edwards, 1931) occurs in habitats characterised by high amounts of fine organic particles in both lotic and lentic systems (Trivinho-Strixino et al. 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E26FF8BFF51219AFB4DA04F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E27FF8AFF512382FC50A14E.text	1C04CD046E27FF8AFF512382FC50A14E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nandeva tropica Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau 1998	<div><p>Nandeva tropica Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau, 1998</p><p>Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau, 1998: 64 [Brazil]; Saether &amp; Roque (2004: 68); Andersen et al. (2011: 55, fig. 25).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 6 February–25 March 1986, leg H. Malicky [ZSM] (Saether &amp; Roque 2004)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Panama, Venezuela.</p><p>Note. The species was originally described based on pupa exuviae only. Saether &amp; Roque (2004: 68) described the male, and Andersen et al. (2011: 55, fig. 25) illustrated the male superior volsella. However, there are no direct association between the pupal exuviae and the male. According to Saether &amp; Roque (2004) the males they described are all from the same localities and collected at the same dates as the pupal exuviae types and they assumed that they belong to  N. tropica . Further, the specimen from Panama has a less distinct banding pattern on the posterior tergites, is lacking the antenna and could conceivably belong to a separate species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E27FF8AFF512382FC50A14E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5120D8FD84A681.text	1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5120D8FD84A681.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheotanytarsus baculus Kyerematen et Andersen 2002	<div><p>Rheotanytarsus baculus Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 *</p><p>Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002: 27 [Costa Rica].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108,  Boquete District, Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 1 male, 28 November 2018 ,   UV light trap, leg K.  Castillo; as previous except 1 male, 6 February 2019  .   Ngäbe Buglé Comarca, Cuenca 93,  Bosque Protector Palo Seco,  Alto del Valle, Quebrada Martínez, detrás de la Caseta de MiAmbiente, 1 male, 13–29 September 2019 ,   Malaise trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T.  Ríos; as previous except 2 males, 29 September–11 October 2019  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Panama.</p><p>Note. Prior to the present paper, this species was known from a single site in Costa Rica, where males were collected in a Malaise trap situated close to a small, fast flowing stream with substrate of stones and gravel (Kyerematen &amp; Andersen 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5120D8FD84A681	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5126F1FBC2A4BB.text	1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5126F1FBC2A4BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheotanytarsus foliatus Kyerematen et Andersen 2002	<div><p>Rheotanytarsus foliatus Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 *</p><p>Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002: 35 [Costa Rica].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 102, Bugaba District,  Quebrada La Vuelta, San Andrés Bugaba,  Finca la Esperanza, 1 male, 8–22 April 2022 ,   Malaise trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T.  Ríos .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 104, Bugaba District,  La Concepcíon,  Rio Güigala,  Vias del Ferrocarril, Puente Antiguo, 1 male, 12 March 2021 ,   UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T.  Ríos .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108,  Boquete District, Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 1 male, 14 September 2018 ,   UV light trap, leg K.  Castillo; as previous except 2 males, 28 November 2018 ; as previous except 3 males, 15 January 2019; as previous except 3 males, 6 February 2019; as previous except 1 male, 27 November 2019.</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.</p><p>Note. Adult males are photophilous, sampled mostly using light traps, at rivers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5126F1FBC2A4BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5121B8FBC8A06E.text	1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5121B8FBC8A06E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheotanytarsus Thienemann et Bause 1913	<div><p>Genus  Rheotanytarsus Thienemann et Bause, 1913</p><p>A genus with ~100 species distributed in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. The Central American and Mexican species were reviewed by Kyerematen &amp; Andersen (2002); the  Rheotanytarsus pellucidus group was revised by Kyerematen et al. (2000). The larvae are rheobiontic, occurring in streams, large rivers, and the littoral of lakes where wave action simulates the action of flowing water (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E27FF8AFF5121B8FBC8A06E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E24FF89FF512382FD09A1FE.text	1C04CD046E24FF89FF512382FD09A1FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheotanytarsus kusii Kyerematen et Andersen 2002	<div><p>Rheotanytarsus kusii Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 *</p><p>Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002: 37 [Mexico].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 104, Bugaba District,  La Concepcíon,  Rio Güigala,  Vias del Ferrocarril, Puente Antiguo, 2 males, 12 March 2021 ,   UV light trap, leg Y.Aguirre &amp; T.  Ríos .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, David District,  San Pablo Viejo,  Rio Platanal, puente vía Interamericana antes de llegar a la entrada de Bagala, 1 male, 12 February 2021 ,   UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T.  Ríos; as previous except 19 males, 12 April 2021  .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Gualaca District,  Río Majagua,  Potrerillos,  Banquito de Palmira, 1 male, 20 June–4 July 2019 ,   Malaise trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T.  Ríos .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada sin nombre, 5 km NE Volcán Barú cráter, 3 males, 8 May 2017 ,   UV light trap, leg E. Àlvarez, E. Peréz &amp; T.  Ríos .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Mexico, Panama.</p><p>Note. So far known from a single male recorded from a fast-flowing lowland river with stony and sandy substratum in Mexico (Kyerematen &amp; Andersen 2002). Adult males are photophilous - both Mexican and Panamanian specimens were mostly sampled using light traps, at rivers and streams. Probably one of the most common  Rheotanytarsus species in Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E24FF89FF512382FD09A1FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E24FF89FF512028FBCAA7CC.text	1C04CD046E24FF89FF512028FBCAA7CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheotanytarsus scutulatus Kyerematen et Andersen 2002	<div><p>Rheotanytarsus scutulatus Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002 *</p><p>Kyerematen et Andersen, 2002: 39 [Costa Rica].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Tierras Altas District,  Mount Totumas Cloud Forest and  Biological Reserve,  Quebrada Norte, 3 males, 26–28 December 2017, Malaise trap, leg B. Armitage &amp; J. Dietrich  .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Grande,  Valle Escondido,  Condo unit 157-G, 1 male, 18 March 2022, UV light trap, leg B. Armitage  .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada sin nombre, 5 km NE Volcán Barú crater, 16 males, 8 May 2017, leg E. Àlvarez, E. Peréz &amp; T. Ríos  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Panama.</p><p>Note. Originally known from a single site close to a small, fast flowing stream with substrate of stones and gravel in Costa Rica (Kyerematen &amp; Andersen 2002). Adult males are photophilous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E24FF89FF512028FBCAA7CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E24FF89FF51243DFAF4A4C1.text	1C04CD046E24FF89FF51243DFAF4A4C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Skutzia Reiss 1985	<div><p>Genus  Skutzia Reiss, 1985</p><p>A genus of six species that occur in the Neotropical, Nearctic, and Oriental regions. The genus was revised by Pinho et al. (2009). The larvae are unknown. However, they can be expected to construct transportable cases of sand grains and small wood- or plant remains, as seen in the larvae of other species in the subtribe  Zavreliina Saether, 1977 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E24FF89FF51243DFAF4A4C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E25FF88FF512382FCA1A2DF.text	1C04CD046E25FF88FF512382FCA1A2DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Skutzia quetzali Pinho, Mendes et Andersen 2009	<div><p>Skutzia quetzali Pinho, Mendes et Andersen, 2009</p><p>Pinho, Mendes et Andersen, 2009: 204 [Mexico].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Colon Province,  Gamboa, 1 male, 9 August 1983, leg W. Nentwig; as previous except 1 male, 27 December 1983 (Pinho et al. 2009)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Mexico, Panama.</p><p>Note. The specimens from Panama were collected in connection with a study on the feeding ecology of the tropical spitting spider  Scytodes longipes (Nentwig 1985) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E25FF88FF512382FCA1A2DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E25FF88FF512108FBF3A1DA.text	1C04CD046E25FF88FF512108FBF3A1DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stempellina Thienemann et Bause 1913	<div><p>Genus  Stempellina Thienemann et Bause, 1913</p><p>A genus of at least 20 species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. The larvae construct long, curved, tapered, transportable cases of fine sand and silt. They are eurytopic, occurring in springs, streams, larger rivers, lakes, brackish water, moorland pools, and in thermal springs (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E25FF88FF512108FBF3A1DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E25FF88FF512516FCFEA406.text	1C04CD046E25FF88FF512516FCFEA406.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus capitatus Sublette et Sasa 1994	<div><p>Tanytarsus capitatus Sublette et Sasa, 1994 *</p><p>Sublette et Sasa, 1994: 54 [Guatemala].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Tierras Altas District,  Mount Totumas Cloud Forest and  Biological Reserve,  Quebrada Norte, 1 male, 26–28 December 2017, Malaise trap, leg B. Armitage &amp; J. Dietrich  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E25FF88FF512516FCFEA406	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E25FF88FF51272CFF63A6A3.text	1C04CD046E25FF88FF51272CFF63A6A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus Wulp 1874	<div><p>Genus  Tanytarsus Wulp, 1874</p><p>Syn.:  Nimbocera Reiss, 1972 (see Sanseverino et al. 2010).</p><p>Syn.:  Caladomyia Säwedal, 1981 (see Lin et al. 2018).</p><p>A species-rich genus with approximately 400 described extant species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica, including 100 species known from the Neotropics (Dantas et al. 2022, 2023; Dantas &amp; Giłka 2024). A molecular phylogeny of the genus was presented by Lin et al. (2018), placing  Caladomyia as a junior synonym of  Tanytarsus . The larvae are found in all types of freshwaters, with some marine, and at least one terrestrial species. The freshwater species usually construct long, soft tubes that are fixed to the bottom substrate (Epler et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E25FF88FF51272CFF63A6A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E25FF8FFF512473FDDDA253.text	1C04CD046E25FF8FFF512473FDDDA253.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus cotopaxi Gilka et Zakrzewska 2013	<div><p>Tanytarsus cotopaxi Giłka et Zakrzewska, 2013 *</p><p>Giłka et Zakrzewska, 2013: 456 [Ecuador].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 1 male, 14 September 2018, UV   light trap, leg K.  Castillo; as previous except 3 males, 28 November 2018 ; as previous except 2 males, 15 January 2019; as previous except 5 males, 6 February 2019.</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Ecuador, Panama.</p><p>Note. Adult males are photophilous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E25FF8FFF512473FDDDA253	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E22FF8FFF512286FC2CA1F9.text	1C04CD046E22FF8FFF512286FC2CA1F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus deimos Gilka, Dantas et Andersen 2024	<div><p>Tanytarsus deimos Giłka, Dantas et Andersen, 2024</p><p>Giłka, Dantas et Andersen, 2024: 590 [Mexico].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 106, Boquerón District,  Río Chirigagua, puente antes de llegar al  Hotel Los Delfines, 1 male (paratype), 12 April 2021, UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T. Ríos.   Ngäbe Buglé Comarca,  Cuenca 93,  Bosque Protector Palo Seco,  Alto del Valle,  Quebrada Martínez, detrás de la Caseta de MiAmbiente, 1 male (paratype), 9 April 2019, UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T. Ríos.</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Mexico, Panama.</p><p>Note. Adult males were found at streams and rivers, photophilous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E22FF8FFF512286FC2CA1F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E22FF8FFF51202BFC0BA739.text	1C04CD046E22FF8FFF51202BFC0BA739.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus fastigatus Reiss 1972	<div><p>Tanytarsus fastigatus Reiss, 1972 *</p><p>Reiss, 1972: 75 [Chile].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 2 males, 28 November 2018, UV  light trap, leg K. Castillo; as previous except 1 male, 6 March 2019.</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E22FF8FFF51202BFC0BA739	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E22FF8FFF512769FD43A69F.text	1C04CD046E22FF8FFF512769FD43A69F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus hastatus Sublette et Sasa 1994	<div><p>Tanytarsus hastatus Sublette et Sasa, 1994</p><p>Sublette et Sasa, 1994: 56 [Guatemala]; Sanseverino (2006: 80).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Barro Colorado Island, 2 males, February–March 1986, leg H. Malicky [ZSM] (Sanseverino 2006)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela. The species is known also from the USA (California).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E22FF8FFF512769FD43A69F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E22FF8FFF5126CAFD43A5E2.text	1C04CD046E22FF8FFF5126CAFD43A5E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus jatai Trivinho-Strixino, Wiedenbrug et Silva 2015	<div><p>Tanytarsus jatai Trivinho-Strixino, Wiedenbrug et Silva, 2015 *</p><p>Trivinho-Strixino, Wiedenbrug et Silva, 2015: 95 [Brazil].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, David District,  San Pablo Viejo,  Rio Platanal, puente vía  Interamericana antes de llegar a la entrada de Bagala, 1 male, 12 April 2021, UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T. Ríos  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E22FF8FFF5126CAFD43A5E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E22FF8EFF51242EFB34A3EB.text	1C04CD046E22FF8EFF51242EFB34A3EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus kiche Vinogradova, Reiss et Spies 2009	<div><p>Tanytarsus kiche Vinogradova, Reiss et Spies, 2009</p><p>Vinogradova, Reiss et Spies, 2009: 14 [Mexico].</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, March 1986, leg H. Malicky [ZSM] (Vinogradova et al. 2009)  .</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Gualaca District,  Quebrada Grande, 2 males, 27 February 2019, UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E22FF8EFF51242EFB34A3EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E23FF8EFF5125CFFF63A4E3.text	1C04CD046E23FF8EFF5125CFFF63A4E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antillocladius Saether 1981	<div><p>Genus  Antillocladius Saether, 1981</p><p>A genus of 30 named species that occur mostly in the Neotropical region, but are also found in the Nearctic, Palaearctic, and Oriental regions (Ashe &amp; O’Connor 2012; Andersen &amp; Hagenlund 2017). The genus was reviewed by Mendes et al. (2004, 2011) and Mendes &amp; Andersen (2008). Known larvae from South America appear to be terrestrial or semi-terrestrial as they have been collected in moss and lichens on stones and tree trunks; a North American species has been found in seeps near streams and impoundments (Mendes et al. 2004; Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E23FF8EFF5125CFFF63A4E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E23FF8EFF51225EFD43A12A.text	1C04CD046E23FF8EFF51225EFD43A12A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus ligulatus Reiss 1972	<div><p>Tanytarsus ligulatus Reiss, 1972 *</p><p>Reiss, 1972: 81 [Brazil].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 104, Bugaba District, La Concepción, Rio Güigala,  Vias del Ferrocarril, Punte  Antigua, 1 male, 12 March 2021, UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T. Ríos .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E23FF8EFF51225EFD43A12A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E23FF8EFF51219FFD43A065.text	1C04CD046E23FF8EFF51219FFD43A065.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler 2022	<div><p>Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 *</p><p>Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022: 429 [Brazil].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 102, Bugaba District, afluente sin nombre de  Rio Cueta,  San Andrés Bugaba,  Finca la Esperanza, 1 male, 8–21 April 2022, Malaise trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T. Ríos  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E23FF8EFF51219FFD43A065	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E23FF8EFF5120DDFC24A7CB.text	1C04CD046E23FF8EFF5120DDFC24A7CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanytarsus paraligulatus Reiss 1972	<div><p>Tanytarsus paraligulatus Reiss, 1972 *</p><p>Reiss, 1972: 82 [Chile].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, David District,  San Pablo Viejo,  Rio Platanal, puente vía  Interamericana antes de llegar a la entrada de Bagala, 2 males, 12 April 2021, UV light trap, leg Y. Aguirre &amp; T. Ríos  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Southern and central Chile, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E23FF8EFF5120DDFC24A7CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512382FC4AA296.text	1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512382FC4AA296.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antillocladius arcuatus Saether 1982	<div><p>Antillocladius arcuatus Saether, 1982 *</p><p>Saether, 1982: 474 [USA: South Carolina].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Veraguas Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Honda, 8 males, 18 February 2018, UV light trap, leg B. Armitage  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512382FC4AA296	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5121C4FCD5A713.text	1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5121C4FCD5A713.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryophaenocladius carus (Roback 1962)	<div><p>Bryophaenocladius carus (Roback, 1962)</p><p>Roback, 1962: 5 ( Cantomyia) [Panama; holotype in Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Type no.: 6834]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 75), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2012: 141).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province, Canal Zone, Curundu,  Albrook ( Holbrook (sic.))  Air Force Base, 1 male (holotype), 25 December 1957, at light, leg C. Earl Smith ;  as previous except 1 female (allotype); as previous except 4 males, 1 female (paratypes), 25–28 December 1957 (Roback 1962).</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Panama,? St. Vincent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5121C4FCD5A713	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5122C0FC50A192.text	1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5122C0FC50A192.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryophaenocladius Thienemann 1934	<div><p>Genus  Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934</p><p>A species-rich genus with ~123 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica and Oceania. Neotropical and Mexican species were reviewed by Wang et al. (2006). The larvae of most species are terrestrial or semi-terrestrial, but a few are aquatic (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5122C0FC50A192	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512746FF63A633.text	1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512746FF63A633.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocladius Kieffer 1912	<div><p>Genus  Cardiocladius Kieffer, 1912</p><p>A genus of 20 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica and Oceania.The Neotropical species were reviewed by Andersen et al. (2016). The larvae live in fast-flowing waters and are often associated with the immature stages of blackflies ( Simuliidae), on which they are reported to be predaceous (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512746FF63A633	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512666FD52A572.text	1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512666FD52A572.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocladius moreloensis Andersen, Hagenlund et Pinho 2016	<div><p>Cardiocladius moreloensis Andersen, Hagenlund et Pinho, 2016 *</p><p>Andersen, Hagenlund et Pinho, 2016: 277 [Mexico].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 14 males, 14 November 2018, UV light trap, leg K. Castillo  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Mexico, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E20FF8DFF512666FD52A572	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5125BEFB6BA4E5.text	1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5125BEFB6BA4E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricotopus Wulp 1874	<div><p>Genus  Cricotopus Wulp, 1874</p><p>Syn.:  Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu, 1918 (see Cranston &amp; Krosch 2015).</p><p>A genus of ~270 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. Seven subgenera are recognized, namely  Cricotopus s. str.;  Isocladius Kieffer, 1909;  Maurius Lehmann, 1981; Nostocladius Ashe et Murray, 1980;  Oliveiriella Wiedenbrug et Fittkau, 1997;  Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu, 1918; and  Pseudocricotopus Nishida, 1987 (see Ashe &amp; O’Connor 2012; Andersen et al. 2013; Cranston &amp; Krosch 2015). The larvae inhabit all types of freshwaters including saline coastal waters. They are frequently associated with aquatic plants, including algae, and some mine living parts of aquatic macrophytes (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E20FF8DFF5125BEFB6BA4E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E21FF8CFF512382FA18A2D5.text	1C04CD046E21FF8CFF512382FA18A2D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricotopus oris Roback 1962	<div><p>Cricotopus oris Roback, 1962</p><p>Roback, 1962: 4 [Panama; holotype in Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Type no.: 6833]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 76), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2012: 257).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province, Canal Zone, Curundu,  Albrook (Holbrook (sic.))  Air Force Base, 1 male (holotype), 25 December 1957, at light, leg C. Earl Smith (Roback 1962)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p><p>Note. Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2012) consider the species as a subgenerically unplaced valid species of  Cricotopus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E21FF8CFF512382FA18A2D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E21FF8CFF51210DFDEDA05A.text	1C04CD046E21FF8CFF51210DFDEDA05A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cricotopus tanis Roback 1962	<div><p>Cricotopus tanis Roback, 1962</p><p>Roback, 1962: 2 [Panama; holotype in Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Type no.: 6832]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 76), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2012: 228).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province, Canal Zone, Curundu,  Albrook ( Holbrook (sic.))  Air Force Base, 1 female (holotype), 29 December 1957, at light, leg C. Earl Smith;  as previous except 1 male (allotype); as previous except 9 males, 42 females (paratypes), 25 December 1957 – 4 January 1958 (Roback 1962) .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E21FF8CFF51210DFDEDA05A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E21FF8CFF5127C8FCCAA69A.text	1C04CD046E21FF8CFF5127C8FCCAA69A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophyes Eaton 1875	<div><p>Limnophyes Eaton, 1875</p><p>A genus of&gt;90 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Oceania. Saether (1990a, b) revised the Holarctic, Afrotropical, and Neotropical species of the genus. The larvae are eurytopic, including aquatic, semiterrestrial, and terrestrial habitats (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E21FF8CFF5127C8FCCAA69A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E21FF8CFF512408FD8EA4DA.text	1C04CD046E21FF8CFF512408FD8EA4DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesosmittia Brundin 1956	<div><p>Genus  Mesosmittia Brundin, 1956</p><p>A genus of 18 named species that occur in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental regions. The Neotropical and Mexican species were reviewed by Andersen &amp; Mendes (2002b). The immatures are likely terrestrial (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E21FF8CFF512408FD8EA4DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2EFF83FF512382FAABA2F9.text	1C04CD046E2EFF83FF512382FAABA2F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesosmittia truncata Saether 1985	<div><p>Mesosmittia truncata Saether, 1985</p><p>Saether, 1985: 51 [Panama; holotype in British Museum of Natural History, Type no.: BM 1979-125]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 77), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2012: 371).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Colon,  Canal Zone, 1 male (holotype), 2–14 July 1979, canopy fogging, leg E. Broadhead et al. (Saether 1985)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p><p>Note. Based on material collected in Zuruquí, Costa Rica, Epler (2017) could not separate  Mesosmittia truncata from  M. patrihortae Saether, 1986 and considered  M. truncata to be a junior synonym of  M. patrihortae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2EFF83FF512382FAABA2F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2EFF83FF512129FE87A03D.text	1C04CD046E2EFF83FF512129FE87A03D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriocnemus Wulp 1874	<div><p>Genus  Metriocnemus Wulp, 1874</p><p>A genus of ~75 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica and Oceania. Three subgenera are recognized, namely  Metriocnemus s. str.;  Crymaleomyia Ashe et O’Connor, 2000; and  Inermipupa Langton et Cobo, 1997 (see Ashe &amp; O’Connor 2012).  A review of the genus was given by Saether (1995). The larvae occur in mosses, phytotelmata, springs, ditches, streams, and lakes and a few species are hygropetric (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2EFF83FF512129FE87A03D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2EFF83FF51274DFB0CA635.text	1C04CD046E2EFF83FF51274DFB0CA635.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer 1932	<div><p>Genus  Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer, 1932</p><p>A genus of 35 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica and the Neotropical region. The genus is recorded from South America based on unnamed larvae from Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela (Roback &amp; Coffman 1983; Ospina-Torres et al. 1999; Trivinho-Strixino 2011). Larvae of  Parametriocnemus are found in springs and relatively fast flowing cold streams and rivers (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2EFF83FF51274DFB0CA635	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2EFF83FF51266DFCFCA5BF.text	1C04CD046E2EFF83FF51266DFCFCA5BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parametriocnemus lundbeckii (Johannsen 1905)	<div><p>Parametriocnemus lundbeckii (Johannsen, 1905) *</p><p>Johannsen, 1905: 302 ( Metriocnemus) [Greenland].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Tierras Altas District,  Mount Totumas Cloud Forest and  Biological Reserve,  Quebrada Norte, 7 males, 26–28 December 2017, Malaise trap, leg B. Armitage &amp; J. Dietrich  .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 3 males, 14 November 2018, UV light trap, leg K. Castillo  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Guatemala, Panama, St. Vincent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2EFF83FF51266DFCFCA5BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2EFF83FF5125EAFDD2A4DF.text	1C04CD046E2EFF83FF5125EAFDD2A4DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphaenocladius Thienemann 1924	<div><p>Genus  Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924</p><p>One named species,  P. exagitans Johannsen, 1905, has been recorded from Costa Rica and Guatemala (Sublette &amp; Sasa 1994; Saether &amp; Wang 1995). The latter authors suggest that all South American records of the genus likely belong to the subspecies P. e.  longipes Saether &amp; Wang, 1995 . Larval habitats vary from terrestrial to lentic and lotic aquatic habitats (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2EFF83FF5125EAFDD2A4DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2FFF82FF512382FB45A2DE.text	1C04CD046E2FFF82FF512382FB45A2DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphaenocladius exagitans subsp. longipes Saether et Wang 1995	<div><p>Paraphaenocladius exagitans longipes Saether et Wang, 1995 *</p><p>Saether et Wang, 1995: 52 [Costa Rica].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Tierras Altas District,  Mount Totumas Cloud Forest and  Biological Reserve,  Quebrada Norte, 4 males, 26–28 December 2017, Malaise trap, leg B. Armitage &amp; J. Dietrich  .   Veraguas Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Honda, 1 male, 18 February 2018, leg B. Armitage  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, St. Vincent, Trinidad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2FFF82FF512382FB45A2DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2FFF82FF512108FB84A1DA.text	1C04CD046E2FFF82FF512108FB84A1DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudosmittia Edwards 1932	<div><p>Genus  Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932</p><p>A genus of&gt;100 described species that occur in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica. Andersen et al. (2010) reviewed the Neotropical species, and a revision of the genus was given by Ferrington &amp; Saether (2011). Most larvae appear to be semiterrestrial to semiaquatic (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2FFF82FF512108FB84A1DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2FFF82FF51200CFEF5A760.text	1C04CD046E2FFF82FF51200CFEF5A760.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetghebuer 1921)	<div><p>Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921) *</p><p>Goetghebuer, 1921: 87 ( Camptocladius) [Belgium].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Tierras Altas District,  Mount Totumas Cloud Forest and  Biological Reserve,  Quebrada Norte, 1 male, 26–28 December 2017, Malaise trap, leg B. Armitage &amp; J. Dietrich  .   Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 1 male, 14 November 2018, UV light trap, leg K. Castillo  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, St. Vincent, Venezuela.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2FFF82FF51200CFEF5A760	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5126D5FCF9A5BC.text	1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5126D5FCF9A5BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictocladius acutus Saether et Cranston 2012	<div><p>Stictocladius acutus Saether et Cranston, 2012 *</p><p>Saether et Cranston, 2012: 128 [Peru].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriquí Province, Cuenca 108, Boquete District,  Quebrada Jaramillo Abajo, 2 males, 28 November 2018, UV light trap, leg K. Castillo  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5126D5FCF9A5BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5127D1FE18A67D.text	1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5127D1FE18A67D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stictocladius Edwards 1931	<div><p>Genus  Stictocladius Edwards, 1931</p><p>A genus of 18 named species that occur in the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Australasian zoogeographical regions. Eleven species are recorded from South America (Saether &amp; Cranston 2012). The larvae are hyporheic in sand (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5127D1FE18A67D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5125EAFC80A4BB.text	1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5125EAFC80A4BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thienemanniella Kieffer 1911	<div><p>Genus  Thienemanniella Kieffer, 1911</p><p>A genus of ~55 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. The Neotropical species were reviewed by Wiedenbrug et al. (2013). The larvae occur in most lotic habitats, from fast-flowing streams to slow-flowing ditches and rivers (Andersen et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2FFF82FF5125EAFC80A4BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2CFF81FF512534FDB4A406.text	1C04CD046E2CFF81FF512534FDB4A406.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelotanypus Kieffer 1913	<div><p>Genus  Coelotanypus Kieffer, 1913</p><p>A genus of ~20 described species that occur in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Afrotropical, and Australasian regions. A key to the males of the Neotropical species was given by Paggi &amp; Zilli (2018). The larvae inhabit benthic sediments of lakes, including artificial impoundments, slow flowing reaches of rivers, and old riverbeds (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013). The genus can be very abundant in Amazonian flood-plain lakes and in wetlands in southern Brazil (Fonseca Leal et al. 2004; Panatta et al. 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2CFF81FF512534FDB4A406	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2CFF81FF51214EFAF0A03B.text	1C04CD046E2CFF81FF51214EFAF0A03B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parochlus Enderlein 1912	<div><p>Genus  Parochlus Enderlein, 1912</p><p>A genus of 48 named species that occurs in all zoogeographical regions except the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and Oceania. South America is the most diverse region with 27 named species, while two species,  P. crozetensis Serra-Tosio, 1986 and  P. steinenii (Gercke, 1889) are known from Antarctica (Ashe &amp; O’Connor 2009). The larvae are found mostly in torrents and mountain streams, but also in lakes (Brundin 1966; Saether &amp; Andersen 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2CFF81FF51214EFAF0A03B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2CFF81FF51206EFF7AA652.text	1C04CD046E2CFF81FF51206EFF7AA652.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parochlus kiefferi (Garrett 1925)	<div><p>Parochlus kiefferi (Garrett, 1925) *</p><p>Garrett, 1925: 8 ( Paratanypus) [Canada].</p><p>Material examined.   Panama, Chiriqui Province, Cuenca 102, Tierras Altas District,  Mount Totumas Cloud Forest and  Biological Reserve,  Quebrada Norte, 1 male, 26–28 December 2017, Malaise trap, leg B. Armitage &amp; J. Dietrich  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.</p><p>Note. The species belongs to the  Parochlus araucanus group, a group of species that cannot be identified with certainty based on male adults alone. The group is distributed in continental South America and apparently only  Parochlus kiefferi has spread to the Holarctic region through the mountains in Central America (see Bello-González et al. 2024b). Awaiting more material from Panama, including immatures, we list the species as  P. kiefferi (Garret) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2CFF81FF51206EFF7AA652	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2CFF81FF512382FCFCA2D3.text	1C04CD046E2CFF81FF512382FCFCA2D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thienemanniella spreta (Roback 1962)	<div><p>Thienemanniella spreta (Roback, 1962)</p><p>Roback, 1962: 2 ( Corynoneura ( Thienemanniella)) [Panama; holotype in Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Type no.: 6831]; Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 78), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2012: 624).</p><p>Syn.:  Thienemanniella sanctivincenta Saether, 1981: 37 [St. Vincent].</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Province, Canal Zone, Curundu,  Albrook (Holbrook (sic.))  Air Force Base, 1 male (holotype), 29 December 1957, at light, leg C. Earl Smith (Roback 1962)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Guatemala, Panama, St. Vincent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2CFF81FF512382FCFCA2D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2CFF80FF512470FD34A20F.text	1C04CD046E2CFF80FF512470FD34A20F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelotanypus humeralis (Loew 1866)	<div><p>Coelotanypus humeralis (Loew, 1866)</p><p>Loew, 1866: 3 ( Tanypus) [Cuba]; (Roback 1964: 3), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 81), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2009: 141).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 2 males 1 female, April 1940; as previous except 1 male 1 female, 31 August 1940;  as previous except 1 male, September–October 1940; as previous except 1 female, July 1941 (Roback 1964).</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Cuba, Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2CFF80FF512470FD34A20F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2DFF87FF5125EBFE35A3EB.text	1C04CD046E2DFF87FF5125EBFE35A3EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia Johannsen 1905	<div><p>Genus  Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905</p><p>A genus of nearly 100 described species that occur in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica; it is currently the most speciose genus in  Tanypodinae . Four subgenera,  Ablabesmyia s. str., Asaya Roback, 1985,  Karelia Roback, 1971, and  Sartaia Roback, 1983 are recognized (see Ashe &amp; O’Connor 2009). Most Neotropical species probably belong in  Ablabesmyia s. str., but as pointed out by several authors, many South American species cannot be assigned to subgenus with certainty (see Neubern et al. 2013). Many of the recently described species are thus not assigned to subgenus. The Neotropical species were reviewed by Neubern et al. (2013). The larvae occur in a wide variety of habitats, including small and large standing and flowing waters from cold temperate to warm tropical climate zones (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2DFF87FF5125EBFE35A3EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2DFF80FF51227BFCBDA149.text	1C04CD046E2DFF80FF51227BFCBDA149.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelotanypus naelis Roback 1963	<div><p>Coelotanypus naelis Roback, 1963</p><p>Roback, 1963b: 170 [Surinam]; Roback (1965: 40), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 81), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2009: 142).</p><p>Material Recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 6 females, July 1941 (Roback 1965)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Mexico, Panama, Surinam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2DFF80FF51227BFCBDA149	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2DFF80FF5121B8FE7BA75B.text	1C04CD046E2DFF80FF5121B8FE7BA75B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelotanypus scapularis (Loew 1866)	<div><p>Coelotanypus scapularis (Loew, 1866)</p><p>Loew, 1866: 2 ( Tanypus) [USA: District of Columbia]; Roback (1965: 40), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 81), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2009: 142).</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá Oeste Province, Canal Zone,  Barro Colorado Island, 1 female, 16 January 1935;  Panamá Province, Curundu, Albrook (Holbrook (sic.)) Air Force Base, 1 male, 3 August 1957, leg C. Earl Smith (Roback 1965) .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics.? Argentina,? Bolivia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,? Venezuela.</p><p>Note. Roback (1962: 1) recorded  Coelotanypus neotropicus (Kieffer, 1917) from Panama. However, Roback (1965: 40) calls his own earlier record of  C. neotropicus a misidentification of  C. scapularis (Loew); see also note 49 in Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 93).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2DFF80FF5121B8FE7BA75B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2DFF80FF51278FFCBFA657.text	1C04CD046E2DFF80FF51278FFCBFA657.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Naelotanypus Roback 1982	<div><p>Genus  Naelotanypus Roback, 1982</p><p>The only included species,  N. viridis Roback, 1982, is known from Colombia (Roback 1982) and Surinam. Other life stages have not been associated directly, but tentatively assigned females from Surinam and Panama are in the collection at Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2DFF80FF51278FFCBFA657	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2AFF87FF512137FE35A007.text	1C04CD046E2AFF87FF512137FE35A007.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Denopelopia Roback et Rutter 1988	<div><p>Genus  Denopelopia Roback et Rutter, 1988</p><p>A genus of six species that occur in the Neotropical and Oriental regions. Currently, three species are known from Southern and Central America and Florida (Roback &amp; Rutter 1985; Silva et al. 2014; Dantas et al. 2016). Unnamed material at ZSM includes an adult male from Panama (Spies &amp; Reiss 1996). The larvae have been found in ditches and ponds with dense macrophyte stands and can tolerate low dissolved oxygen and high iron concentrations (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2AFF87FF512137FE35A007	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2AFF87FF51272BFE35A7FB.text	1C04CD046E2AFF87FF51272BFE35A7FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labrundinia Fittkau 1962	<div><p>Genus  Labrundinia Fittkau, 1962</p><p>A genus of ~40 named species distributed in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, and Oriental regions. The genus was revised by Silva et al. (2014). The larvae live in small, standing water bodies as well as in streams and rivers (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2AFF87FF51272BFE35A7FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2AFF87FF51262FFDEDA53A.text	1C04CD046E2AFF87FF51262FFDEDA53A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labrundinia panamensis Silva 2014	<div><p>Labrundinia panamensis Silva in Silva et al., 2014</p><p>Silva in Silva et al., 2014: 99 [Panama; holotype in Zoologische Staatssammlung München]  .</p><p>Material recorded.   Panama, Panamá  Oeste Province, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 1 male, 10 March 1986, leg H. Malicky (Silva et al. 2014)  .</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Panama.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2AFF87FF51262FFDEDA53A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2AFF86FF512444FF63A3C7.text	1C04CD046E2AFF86FF512444FF63A3C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Larsia Fittkau 1962	<div><p>Genus  Larsia Fittkau, 1962</p><p>A genus of ~30 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. Neubern &amp; Silva (2011) described two new species from the Neotropical region and presented a checklist of the  Larsia species of the world. In the Southern Hemisphere the larvae are associated with both lotic and lentic warm waters (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2AFF86FF512444FF63A3C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5122EBFC03A1BB.text	1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5122EBFC03A1BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nilotanypus Kieffer 1923	<div><p>Genus  Nilotanypus Kieffer, 1923</p><p>A genus of 12 named species distributed in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica and Oceania. Three species are described from Brazil (Andersen &amp; Pinho 2019; Shimabukuro et al. 2021). The larvae inhabit flowing waters, especially areas with sandy beds (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5122EBFC03A1BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5120C7FD85A76F.text	1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5120C7FD85A76F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thienemannimyia Fittkau 1957	<div><p>Genus  Thienemannimyia Fittkau, 1957</p><p>A genus of ~20 named species occurring in the Nearctic, Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental regions. Unnamed species were reported from Costa Rica by Watson &amp; Heyn (1992). The larvae are found in both lotic and lentic waters (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5120C7FD85A76F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5126B3FBF9A5ED.text	1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5126B3FBF9A5ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavrelimyia Fittkau 1962	<div><p>Genus  Zavrelimyia Fittkau, 1962</p><p>Syn.:  Paramerina Fittkau, 1962.</p><p>Recently Silva &amp; Ekrem (2016) formally placed the genus  Paramerina Fittkau as a synonym of  Zavrelimyia Fittkau. The genus now comprises ~50 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. Larvae of  Zavrelimyia s. str. are, with few exceptions, more or less cold stenothermic and in temperate regions of the Holarctic primarily inhabitants of sandy or detritus rich sediments of springs and lentic habitats of stream sections close to springs. Larvae of  Zavrelimyia (Paramerina) are eurythermic, living in a variety of standing waters of all sizes, but are also present in small lotic habitats including pools in rivers (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E2BFF86FF5126B3FBF9A5ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E28FF85FF5123CAFF63A2E7.text	1C04CD046E28FF85FF5123CAFF63A2E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procladius Skuse 1889	<div><p>Genus  Procladius Skuse, 1889</p><p>The second most speciose genus of  Tanypodinae, with ~70 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. Four subgenera are recognized, namely  Procladius s. str.,  Holotanypus Roback, 1982,  Laurotanypus Oliveira, Messias et Silva-Vasconcellos, 1992, and  Psilotanypus Kieffer, 1906 (see Ashe &amp; O’Connor 2009; Dantas &amp; Hamada 2018). The larvae prefer muddy substrate of standing or slow-flowing water bodies, especially ponds and small lakes, but a few also inhabit the profundal zone of large, deep lakes (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E28FF85FF5123CAFF63A2E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E28FF85FF512072FD52A727.text	1C04CD046E28FF85FF512072FD52A727.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanypus Meigen 1803	<div><p>Genus  Tanypus Meigen, 1803</p><p>A genus of&gt;30 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica and Oceania. Two subgenera are recognized, namely  Tanypus s. str. and  Apelopia Roback, 1971 (see Ashe &amp; O’Connor 2009). The larvae live in sediments in standing and slowly flowing waters, especially in temperate to warm regions, where they can tolerate high salinity (Cranston &amp; Epler 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E28FF85FF512072FD52A727	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E28FF85FF51256AFB2EA47E.text	1C04CD046E28FF85FF51256AFB2EA47E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thalassomya bureni Wirth 1949	<div><p>Thalassomya bureni Wirth, 1949</p><p>Wirth, 1949: 167 [USA: Florida]; Wirth (1969: 573), Spies &amp; Reiss (1996: 83), Ashe &amp; O’Connor (2009: 336).</p><p>Material recorded. Panama (Wirth 1969).</p><p>Distribution in Neotropics. Florida, Mexico, Panama, “West Indies”.</p><p>Note. Wirth (1969) states that the species is distributed “to Panama and the West Indies”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E28FF85FF51256AFB2EA47E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
1C04CD046E28FF85FF5126B2FB26A53F.text	1C04CD046E28FF85FF5126B2FB26A53F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thalassomya Schiner 1856	<div><p>Genus  Thalassomya Schiner, 1856</p><p>A genus of 12 named species that occur in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. The larvae live in the intertidal marine zone, particularly in the warmer seas of the  world (Cranston &amp; Ashe 2013) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C04CD046E28FF85FF5126B2FB26A53F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Armitage, Brian J.;Andersen, Trond;Giłka, Wojciech;Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N.;Ríos González, Tomás A.;Aguirre, Yusseff P.	Armitage, Brian J., Andersen, Trond, Giłka, Wojciech, Castillo Sánchez, Kayla N., Ríos González, Tomás A., Aguirre, Yusseff P. (2025): The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae. Zootaxa 5613 (2): 201-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5613.2.1
