identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
214A878AFFACFFBEC9F16F63D17AC2D8.text	214A878AFFACFFBEC9F16F63D17AC2D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Borreria minensis E. L. Cabral, L. M. Miguel & E. B. Souza 2015	<div><p>Borreria minensis E. L. Cabral, L. M. Miguel &amp; E. B. Souza sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—   BRAZIL. Minas Gerais:  Serra do Ibitipoca, Pico do Pião, formação rupícola em arenito da série de Lavras, entre 1580–1600 m, 11 May 1970, D. Sucre 6677 (holotype RB! ,  isotypes CTES!,  SI!). (Figs. 1, 3 A–C, 4 A–B).</p><p>Borreria minensis is very close to  B. tenera Candolle (1830: 543), but differs from that species by its plants many branched from the base (vs. a main stem with few opposite branches), inflorescence with terminal and subterminal glomerules (vs. terminal and numerous axillary glomerules), and stipular sheath with bristles 2–4 mm long (vs. bristles 1–1.5 mm long).</p><p>Erect subshrubs, 6–40 cm tall; main stems 3–15, with numerous side branches, quadrangular, puberulous or with short hairs on the angles, internodes 3–30 mm long. Leaves opposite, with axillary brachyblasts, blades linear, 4– 18 × 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous, margins revolute. Stipular sheath 1–1.2 mm long, pubescent to puberulous, edge truncate, with 5–7 bristles; bristles 2–4 mm long, glabrous. Glomerules terminal and subterminal, spherical or subspherical, 4–10 mm diam.; involucral bracts 4–10, linear to narrowly elliptic, 4.3–15.6 × 0.56–2.08 mm, of the same length or twice as long the glomerule. Flowers sessile; hypanthium 0.9–1.2 mm long, glabrescent to puberulous; calyx 4–lobed, lobes narrowly triangular, 1.6–1.8 mm long; corolla 4–lobed, infundibuliform, 2.5–2.8 mm long, white, externally glabrous with papillae at the apex of lobes, internally with a ring of moniliform hairs near the middle of the tube; stamens exerted, filaments 0.8–1 mm long, anthers 1–1.2 mm long; style 3–3.5 mm long, stigma slightly 2–lobed, 0.2 mm wide, nectariferous disc bipartite. Capsules subglobose, 2.5–2.9 × 1.8–2.2 mm, glabrescent to puberulous at the apex. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.2–1.5 × 0.6–0.8 mm, brown; ventral face with a longitudinal groove covered by the strophiole, raphides located around the strophiole, not showing up clearly on SEM images, hilum on ventral surface, just below the centre of the seed, resembling a small swelling; seed coat surface reticulate-foveate, exotesta cells hexagonal, isodiametrical, microsurface of exotesta cells microperforate, microperforations less than 1.5 μm and in the center of the cell.</p><p>Pollen morphology: —Pollen grains of  B. minensis are spheroidal, 6–7 zonoporate, and 19–21 μm in diam., in polar view the outline is circular. The exine is 3 μm thick, the ectopore is 2–2.3 μm in diam., the operculum is present; the endoaperture is an indistinct endopore. The tectum is perforated and microspines are uniformly present (Fig. 4 A–B).</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from January to May.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat: —  Borreria minensis is apparently endemic to Minas Gerais, where it is found in “campos rupestres” between 1100 and 1600 m elevation, in the Serra do Ibitipoca, Serra da Piedade, and Ouro Preto. This area comprises parts of the Mantiqueira Moutains and parts of the Espinhaço Range, including cangas of the Iron Quadrangle (Souza et al. 2012), which have one of the highest levels of endemism (Giulietti et al. 1997). (Fig. 5)</p><p>Representative specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Caeté, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.666668/lat -19.816668)">Serra da Piedade</a>, campo rupestre, 19º49’S, 43º40’W, 1670 m, 28 April 1985, L. Cunha et al. 5845 (BHCB, CTES) ;  ídem, 19º54’S, 43º38’W, 1480−1650 m, 14 May 1990, M. Arbo et al. 4105 (CTES);   Ouro Preto,  Falcão, campo, 28 January 1942, Mendes Magalhães 1208 (BHCB, CTES)  .</p><p>Conservation status: —The species is known from four localities, representing three locations, all outside protected areas. The calculated extent of occurrence is 2,552.106 km 2. The estimated area of occupancy is 12 km 2 (cell size 2 km). Therefore, following the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012), the species should be considered as endangered: EN, B1 a,b(iii) + B2a,b(ii).</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet  ‘ minensis ’ refers to its distribution in the state of Minas Gerais.</p><p>Comments: —This species could be confused with  B. rosmarinifolia E. L. Cabral &amp; Bacigalupo, another endemic species from “campos rupestres” between 1100 and 1300 m elevation, in Minas Gerais. However  B. rosmarinifolia can be differentiated due to its linear leaves and involucral bracts, which are rigid and oriented towards the apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/214A878AFFACFFBEC9F16F63D17AC2D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miguel, Laila M.;Souza, Elnatan B.;Cabral, Elsa L.	Miguel, Laila M., Souza, Elnatan B., Cabral, Elsa L. (2015): Two new species of Borreria (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 201 (2): 149-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.5
214A878AFFA9FFBCC9F16DCCD712C441.text	214A878AFFA9FFBCC9F16DCCD712C441.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Borreria psyllocarpoides E. L. Cabral & L. M. Miguel 2015	<div><p>Borreria psyllocarpoides E. L. Cabral &amp; L. M. Miguel,  sp. nov.</p><p>Type:—   BRAZIL. Goiás:  Canal de São Simão, 18 September 1972, A. P. Duarte 14082 (holotype RB! ,  isotypes CTES!,  NY,  US) (Figs. 2, 3 D–G, 4 C–D).</p><p>Borreria psyllocarpoides is similar to  B. tenuis Candolle (1830: 543), but differs from that species by the white corolla, glabrous throughout (vs. corolla lilac to pale blue, externally papillose and internally with a fringe of moniliform hairs on the tube and tufts of papillae on the lobes), stamens and style exerted (vs. stamens and style included), pollen grains pantoporate (vs. pollen grains colporate), seeds subellipsoid, 1.5–1.7 mm long, concave ventral face with a wide longitudinal groove with the margin transversally furrowed, seed coat papillate (vs. seeds obovoid, 0.8–1 mm long, flat ventral face with a longitudinal groove with entire margin, seed coat reticulate-foveate).</p><p>Erect subshrubs, 36–46 cm tall, distal branches pseudodichotomous; stems quadrangular to terete, glabrous, internodes 0.5–2.5 cm long. Leaves opposite, pseudoverticillate, with axillary brachyblast, sessile; blades linear, 10–22 × 0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous, margins revolute. Stipular sheath 1.8–2 mm long, glabrous, edge truncate with 3–5 bristles; bristles 1–2 mm long, glabrous. Glomerules terminal, pauciflorous, 2–5 mm wide; involucral bracts 2, linear, 4–8 × 0.2–0.5 mm, 2 times longer than the glomerule. Flowers subsessile, pedicels 0.3–0.5 mm long; hypanthium 1–1.2 mm long, glabrous; calyx 4–lobed, lobes narrowly triangular, 1–1.3 mm long, glabrous, margin scaberullous; corolla 4–lobed, infundibuliform, 3.5–3.7 mm long, white, glabrous throughout; stamens exerted, filaments 1.8–2.2 mm long, anthers 1 mm long; style 3 mm long, stigma slightly 2–lobed, ca. 0.2 mm wide; nectariferous disc bipartite. Capsules obovoid, 3–3.3 × 2–2.3 mm, glabrous. Seeds subellipsoid, 1.7 × 1 mm, brown, ventral side with a wide longitudinal groove, strophiole is not visible in SEM images (probably caducous), seed margin transversally furrowed on ventral side; seed coat papillate, the exotesta cells are isodiametric, with round radial walls, microsurface of the exotesta cells is smooth in dorsal side and rugose in marginal furrow on the ventral side.</p><p>Pollen morphology: —The pollen grains of  B. psyllocarpoides are spheroidal, 11–12 pantoporate, and 24 (25) 29 μm in diam., in polar view the outline is circular. The exine is 3 μm thick, the ectopore is 1μm in diam., the operculum is present; the endoaperture is an indistinct endopore. The tectum is perforate and microspines are uniformly present. (Fig. 4 C–D)</p><p>Distribution and Habitat: —  Borreria psyllocarpoides occurs in Brazil, in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais, along the margins of the river Paranaíba, in the Canal do São Simão. This area is included in the “cerrado” vegetation (Fig. 5).</p><p>Conservation status: —In this study we analyzed specimens from Canal do São Simão, a narrow canyon of 600 m wide, formed by the Paranaíba River, and representing the natural limit between the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás. These specimens were collected by Duarte in 1970 and 1972. In 1978, the São Simão Dam began to operate, which meant that the Canal and the original City of São Simão were flooded. Therefore, following the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012), this species is data deficient (DD) because we consider that information about its current distribution is lacking.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from September to November.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the similarities of this new species with  Psyllocarpus schwackei K. Schumann (1898: 18), another member of the tribe  Spermacoceae . Both species are similar in the habits, the linear leaves and the pauciflorous glomerules.</p><p>Comments: —Studied specimens were formerly identified as  Psyllocarpus in different herbaria and probably the most similar species is  Psyllocarpus schwackei which also occurs in Minas Gerais state, in the Serra do Espinhaço (Kirkbride, 1979). However,  B. psyllocarpoides differs from  P. schwackei mainly by the corolla 3.5–3.7 mm long, white, glabrous throughout, the capsule with septicidal dehiscence from the apex and both cocci dehiscent without a persistent septum, while in  P. schwackei the corolla is 3.8–6.1 mm long, blue, externally minutely and densely papillate, internally glabrous, and the capsule dehiscent from the apex downwards along the edge of the septum which is persistent, entire and erect, and both cocci are free.</p><p>Representative Specimen Examined (paratype): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais:  Margem do Paranaíba, Canal de São Simão, 2 November 1970, A. P. Duarte 13908 (F, HB)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/214A878AFFA9FFBCC9F16DCCD712C441	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miguel, Laila M.;Souza, Elnatan B.;Cabral, Elsa L.	Miguel, Laila M., Souza, Elnatan B., Cabral, Elsa L. (2015): Two new species of Borreria (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 201 (2): 149-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.5
