identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
211887DE3537DC1EFF5483C6F4E8FED4.text	211887DE3537DC1EFF5483C6F4E8FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittiinae Cossmann 1906	<div><p>Subfamily Bittiinae Cossmann, 1906</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Shell small, turreted, narrowly elongate to pupate, with moderate spiral and axial sculpture frequently cancellate and/or beaded. Aperture with short but distinct anterior canal. Spiral sculpture usually 4-5 spiral cords per whorl.” (Houbrick 1993: 269).</p><p>Discussion. There is presently no known diagnostic feature of shell morphology or internal anatomy that allows unambiguous placement in Cerithiinae versus Bittiinae (Strong &amp; Bouchet 2013, 2018). Therefore, the placement of fossil species in Bittiinae is to some extent subjective. Herein we place species in this subfamily based on their resemblance to extant congeners.</p><p>Genus Argyropeza Melvill &amp; Standen, 1901</p><p>Type species. Argyropeza divina Melvill &amp; Standen, 1901; by monotypy (Melvill &amp; Standen, 1901: 371). Present day, Indo-West Pacific (IWP) Region.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Shell small, 6-8 mm in length, thin and vitreous, turreted and with 9-12 whorls sculptured with weak axial riblets and with two spiral cords bearing sharp nodules where crossed by axial riblets. Sinusigera protoconch of about three and a half whorls, sculptured with two spiral lirae and spiral band of pustules adjacent to suture. Tip of protoconch smooth, domeshaped, white, remainder chestnut in color. Protoconch sculpture sharply separated from adult sculpture of teleoconch. Former varices present on shell, with prominent varix opposite outer lip of aperture. Suture deeply impressed, set off with inferior and superior sutural ramps. Aperture ovate with short but distinct anterior siphonal canal and weak anal canal. Outer lip thin, columella concave.” (Houbrick 1980).</p><p>Discussion. All Argyropeza species have small, thin shells with randomly placed varices with the most prominent one being opposite the outer lip. All species have distinct anal canals and deeply impressed sutures with sloping ramps. The sculpture consists of weak axial ribs and more prominent spiral cords with small, sharp tubercles (Houbrick 1980). Fossils of the genus have been known so far only from the Pliocene of the IWP Region (Houbrick 1980). According to Houbrick (1980), all fossils represent Argyropeza divina Melvill &amp; Standen, 1901, reported from Japan (MacNeil 1961), the Philippines (Shuto 1969) and Java (Martin 1884, as Cerithium spinigerum Martin, 1884). Thus, the herein described Argyropeza spina (Hörnes, 1855) is the stratigraphically oldest record pushing the origin of the genus back to the Middle Miocene. Moreover, it documents a Western Tethyan occurrence of this genus, which is now restricted to the IWP Region. Argyropeza species differ from Bittium species in having two primary spiral cords on teleoconch whorls as opposed to three or more, a more distinct anal canal, and a protoconch with two strong spiral cords, which are weak in Bittium species if present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3537DC1EFF5483C6F4E8FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3536DC10FF54817BF6B1F870.text	211887DE3536DC10FF54817BF6B1F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argyropeza spina (Hornes 1855)	<div><p>Argyropeza spina (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>Figs 1A–G</p><p>[ Cerithium] spina Partsch— Hörnes 1848: 21 [nomen nudum].</p><p>* Cerithium spina Partsch— Hörnes 1855: 409, pl. 42, fig. 15.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) spina (Partsch) — Sieber 1937: 490.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa)— Sieber 1937: 489 (pars), pl. 25, fig. B1 [non da Costa, 1778].</p><p>Bittium spina (Partsch) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 30.</p><p>Bittium spina Partsch, 1842 — Strausz 1955: 204.</p><p>B. (B [ittium].) spina (Partsch) — Sieber 1958: 136.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) spina (Partsch in Hoernes 1856)—Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 110, pl. 31, figs 19, 20.</p><p>Bittium botense n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969: 71, pl. 1, fig. 20.</p><p>Bittium leganyii n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969: 72, pl. 1, fig. 19.</p><p>Bittium legányii n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 25.</p><p>Bittium botense n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 30.</p><p>Bittium spina (Partsch in Hörnes) 1856— Bohn-Havas 1973: 1046, 1109, pl. 4, fig. 2.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) sp.— Bałuk 2006: 199, pl. 8, fig. 3.</p><p>Bittium botense Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 104.</p><p>Bittium leganyii Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 104.</p><p>non Bittium spina — Sorgenfrei 1958: 165: pl. 31, fig. 103 [= Bittium sp.].</p><p>non Bittium spina Partsch— Strausz 1962: 35, pl. 7, figs 1–2 [= Bittium grinzingense sp. nov.].</p><p>non Bittium spina Partsch, 1842 — Strausz 1966: 141, pl. 7, figs 1–2 [= Bittium grinzingense sp. nov.].</p><p>non Bittium (Bittium) spina (Partsch) — Rado 1971: 177, pl. 3, figs 71, 75, 77, 87 [= Bittium krenni sp. nov.].</p><p>non Bittium (Bittium) spina (Hörnes) — Janssen 1984: 152, pl. 49, fig. 1 [= Bittium sp.].</p><p>non Bittium (Bittium) spina (Partsch in Hoernes, 1856)— Atanacković 1985: 104, pl. 24, figs 22–25 [= Bittium sp.]. non Bittium (Bittium) spina (Partsch, 1842) — Iljina 1993: 69, pl. 8, figs 16–19 [= Bittium konkense Sokolov, 1899]. non Bittium spina (Partsch in Hörnes, 1856)—Harzhauser 2002: 71, pl. 2, fig. 10 [= Bittium grinzingense sp. nov.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, designated herein: NHMW 1851 /0013/0002, SL: 16.0 mm, MD: 3.9 mm, Baden (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 42, fig. 15), Figs 1D 1 –D 2 . Paralectotypes: NHMW 1859 /0027/0109, SL: 12.9 mm, MD: 3.2 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 1A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 2023 /0054/0001, SL: 11.4 mm, MD: 3.1 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 1B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023 /0054/0002, SL: 15.8 mm, MD: 3.8 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Figs 1C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 1859 /0027/0109, SL: 8.6 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Baden-Sooss (Austria), Fig. 1G .</p><p>Illustrated material. M.68.2104, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hungary), holotype of Bittium leganyii Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969, illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969: pl. 1, fig. 19), Borsodbóta (Hungary), Figs 1E 1 –E 2. M. 68.2105, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hungary), SL: 9.5 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, holotype of Bittium botense Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969, illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1969: pl. 1, fig. 20), Borsodbóta, Szilvásvárad (Hungary), Fig. 1F.</p><p>Additional material. 518 spec., NHMW 1861 /0001/0812, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria) ; 1355 spec., NHMW 1861 /0033/0035, Buituri (Romania) ; 73 spec., NHMW 1861 /0015/0750, Niederleis (Austria) ; 12 spec., NHMW 2023 /0054/0003, Baden-Sooss (Austria) ; 20 spec., NHMW 2023 /0054/0004, Baden-Sooss (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1869 /0001/0105, Baden (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1927: pl. 25, fig. B1); 1 spec., NHMW 2023 /0027/0007, Baden (Austria) .</p><p>Revised description. Large, slender shell of up to 15 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 12–16 mm in height; apical angle 20–23°. Protoconch multispiral of about 3.5 whorls with sinusigera (dp = ~200 μm). Earliest protoconch whorl convex, smooth; later with two sharp spiral cords. Early teleoconch whorls with two prominent spiral cords bearing wide spaced, axially arranged tubercles. Whorl profile with broad subsutural ramp, subcylindrical periphery and steep slope towards deeply incised suture. Delicate subsutural spiral cord appears around third to fourth teleoconch whorl. Second spiral thread appears on subsutural ramp around sixth to seventh whorl. Tubercles on later teleoconch whorls becoming sharply pointed, placed on narrow spiral cords. Two spiral cords on subsutural ramp bearing one or two additional spiral rows of smaller tubercles of variable strength. Broad varices especially on the last teleoconch whorls. Sculpture on varices consisting only of spiral cords without tubercles. Aperture missing in all available specimens. Base delimited by bifid peribasal cord arising from insertion of outer lip, upper of the two cords strongest, one or two further weak cords over fasciole. Outer lip broken in all specimens, siphonal canal short, narrow, bent strongly adaxially.</p><p>Synonyms. Bittium leganyii Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969, from the Badenian of Borsodbóta (Hungary), is a spire fragment of Argyropeza spina . Bittium botense Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969, from the same locality, is a broader specimen of A. spina .</p><p>Discussion. This species has been placed so far in Bittium, but the characteristic protoconch and the peculiar sculpture of two prominent spiral cords with prickly tubercles on early spire whorls places this species in Argyropeza Melvill &amp; Standen, 1901, as reviewed by Houbrick (1980). Among the extant Argyropeza species, A. schepmaniana Melvill, 1912, from the Indo-West Pacific is most similar to A. spina (Hörnes, 1855) in its mode of sculpture formation and whorl profile. However, A. spina differs in its more slender shell, more numerous teleoconch whorls, and larger size. Since the description by Hörnes (1855) this species was confused in the literature with other species due to the somewhat misleading illustration in Hörnes (1855), which shows comparatively large, close-set and rounded tubercles. Moreover, the illustration overemphasized the convexity of early whorls and the strength of the spiral cords on the subsutural ramp. Consequently, most specimens illustrated subsequently by Sorgenfrei (1859), Strausz (1966), Iljina (1993) and Harzhauser (2002) as this species differ in their broader profile and/or larger tubercles. Similarly, the stout specimens described by Sacco (1895: 41, pl. 2, figs 120, 121) as varieties of Bittium spina from the Burdigalian and Tortonian of Italy are certainly unrelated to Argyropeza spina . Bittium spina agriense Báldi, 1966, from the Egerian of Hungary, is a Bittium and is also unrelated to Argyropeza spina .</p><p>Argyropeza spina is superficially reminiscent of Royella Iredale, 1912 (type species Cerithium sinon Bayle, 1880; original designation by Iredale 1912: 219; present day, Indo-West Pacific Region) as reviewed by Houbrick (1986). Like Argyropeza, Royella bears two prominent spiral cords bearing pointed tubercles.A difference, however, is the much larger size of Royella, its broader shell, relatively gradate spire and the lower, subcylindrical whorls. The protoconch of Royella consists of three whorls with two prominent spiral rows of tubercles (Bandel 2006), quite unlike that of Argyropeza .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation (Baden, Möllersdorf) suggest middle to outer neritic environments with up to 210 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021). Extant Argyropeza species live on shelves and slopes from few tens of meters water depth down to upper bathyal depths on muddy or fine-grained substrata (Houbrick 1980).</p><p>Distribution. Known so far only from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian(Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin:Korytnica(Poland)(Bałuk2006); Carpathian Foredeep: Moravské Knínice (Czechia) (Hörnes 1855); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Möllersdorf, Niederleis, Nodendorf (Austria) (Hörnes 1855); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (Hörnes 1855); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hörnes 1855); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta, Szilvásvárad (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Mecsek Mountains: Magyaregregy (Hungary) (Bohn-Havas 1973); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Dylgodeltsi, Opanets, Portitovtsi, Yasen (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p><p>Genus Bittium Gray, 1847</p><p>Type species. Strombiformis reticulatum Da Costa, 1778, subsequent designation by Gray (1847: 270). Present-day, Europe.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Shell small, turreted and elongate, consisting of many moderately inflated or angular whorls (6– 10). Sculpture normally reticulate, of varying combinations of spiral cords and axial riblets, frequently beaded at intersections. Usually 3 spiral cords per whorl. Former varices usually present at irregular intervals. Suture distinct, straight. Protoconch about 2 ½ whorls, smooth, but sometimes with several spiral lirations. Frequently, teleoconch strongly reticulate. Aperture ovate with short, shallow, anterior siphonal canal that is not reflected backwards. Weak anal sinus present. Columella concave and with slight callus. Outer lip thin, smooth and rounded, occasionally flared at the base on some individuals. Base of last whorl sculptured with 5–6 spiral cords. Last whorl occasionally contracted in some individuals.” (Houbrick 1977: 103).</p><p>Synonyms. See Houbrick (1993) and Van Dingenen et al. (2016).</p><p>Discussion. The diagnosis by Houbrick(1977) must be slightly emended because specimens with more teleoconch whorls (12–14) occur in Paratethyan assemblages. Moreover, paucispiral (Van Dingenen et al. 2016; Landau et al. 2018) and multispiral (hoc opus) protoconchs may occur. The diversity of this genus in the Paratethys Sea has been strongly underestimated in the literature due to confusion and misidentifications with Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778), which does not occur in the Paratethys Sea. At least six species have been lumped together by authors as ‘ Bittium reticulatum ’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3536DC10FF54817BF6B1F870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE353BDC13FF548083F2A1F8F1.text	211887DE353BDC13FF548083F2A1F8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium acutum Ossaulenko 1936	<div><p>Bittium acutum Ossaulenko, 1936</p><p>Figs 2A–D</p><p>* Bittium acutum sp. nov. — Ossaulenko 1936: 86, pl. 3, figs 19–26.</p><p>Bittium acutum Ossaulenko, 1937 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 162.</p><p>Bittium acutum Osaulenko— Iljina et al. 1976: 99, pl. 25, figs 20–22.</p><p>? Bittium sp. — Badzoshvili 1986: 63, pl. 19, fig. 1.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein: specimen illustrated in Ossaulenko (1936: pl. 3, fig. 21); not seen, size not given. Stored in the Geological Museum in Kiev (Ukraine). Bila Krynytsya (Ukraine), Late Miocene, early Maeotian.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5904/2, SL: 4.4 mm, MD: 1.5 mm, Figs 2A 1 –A 2. PIN 5904/4, SL: 4.8 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, Figs 2B 1 –B 3. PIN 5904/5, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 1.5 mm, Fig. 2C. PIN 5904/6, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, Fig. 2D. All specimens from Bila Krynytsya (Ukraine), early Maeotian, Late Miocene.</p><p>Revised description. Small, slender shell of about 9–10 teleoconch whorls, attaining 5.5–7 mm in height; apical angle 20–25°. Protoconch unknown. Whorl profile angled with broad subsutural ramp, weakly convex below. Suture incised, linear. First two teleoconch whorls with two prominent primary spiral cords placed mid-whorl and third cord along abapical suture. First secondary spiral cord appears above upper primary cord on second whorl; abapically, second secondary cord follows above first secondary cord, and third secondary cord intercalated between two earlier secondary spiral cords. Last two whorls bear up to six or seven cords and threads. Two upper primary cords wider and more prominent, suprasutural cord only partially visible. Adapical primary cord widest, bearing largest nodes, if present, placed mid-whorl coinciding with maximum diameter and angulation. Spirally elongated beads usually prominent in middle part of teleoconch; weakening to subobsolete on last two whorls. Beads widely spaced, around 10–13 per whorl. Single poorly developed varix may be located close to aperture in fully adult shells. Microsculpture of close-set spiral rows of tiny tubercles in spiral interspaces and minute pits over cords. Last whorl strongly constricted, attaining 38–41% of total height. Base with two prominent peribasal spiral cords; and two further thinner cords over base in most specimens. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, moderately broad rim.Anal canal indistinct, V-shaped. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal very short, wide.</p><p>Discussion. The species is mostly known from the type area. It differs from Bittium badzoshviliae sp. nov. in the less prominent spiral sculpture with weakly angled to convex whorls. Bittium acutum Ossaulenko, 1936 is also more slender than Bittium badzoshviliae .</p><p>Iljina (1976: pl. 25, fig. 19) illustrated a poorly preserved, very slender shell devoid of axial sculpture from Cape Urdek (Kazakhstan) as this species. A sample from that locality yields only poorly preserved and undeterminable shells. These may be morphs of B. acutum or slender morphs of Bittium bosphoranum (Andrussow, 1890) with poorly developed axial sculpture. Badzoshvili (1976: pl. 19, fig. 1) also illustrated a shell which is very close to B. acutum, but that specimen lacks axial sculpture, which would be atypical for B. acutum . Moreover, the shell was found outside the known distribution area of that species.</p><p>Bittium acutum is transitional between B. bosphoranum and B. badzoshviliae . We assume that B. acutum derived from B. bosphoranum, becoming more slender and less sculptured. Subsequently, B. badzoshviliae derived from B. acutum developing more prominent axial ribs and primary cords, whilst its secondary sculpture became reduced. Especially near the Caucasian area, B. acutum develops shells that are reminiscent of B. badzoshviliae .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic, based on associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Restricted to the early Maeotian of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Maeotian (Late Miocene): Black Sea Lowland: Mykil’s’ke (Kherson Region); Berezneguvate, ravine Bila Krynytsya near Novorosiiske, Semenivka, (Mykolaiv Region, Ukraine) (Ossaulenko, 1936); Crimea: Kerch, Semenovka (Russia); Ciscaucasia: ravine Belaya Saklya, cape Popov Kamen’ (Krasnodar Krai, Russia);? Transcaspian Region: Cape Urdek (Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan) (Iljina et al. 1976, hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE353BDC13FF548083F2A1F8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE353DDC14FF548083F689FED4.text	211887DE353DDC14FF548083F689FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko 1936)	<div><p>Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936)</p><p>Figs 3A–F</p><p>* Newtoniella dertobicarinata Sacco var. agibelica n. var. — Zhizhchenko 1936: 214, pl. 21, figs 31–33.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata Sacco var. agibelica Zhizhchenko— Strachimirov 1953: 71, pl. 16, figs 14–15.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata Sacco var. agibelica Zhizhchenko— Volkova 1955: 49, pl. 22, figs 12–13.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata Sacco var. agibelica Zhizhchenko— Zhizhchenko 1959: 253, pl. 16, figs 32–34.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata Sacco var. agibelica Zhizhchenko— Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 165, pl. 40, figs 13–14.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata agibelica Zhizh.— Bidzinashvili 1971: 52, pl. 1, fig. 17.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata Sacco var. agibelica Zhizhchenko, 1936 — Volkova 1974: 91, pl. 11, figs 12–13.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata agibelica Zhizh.— Bidzinashvili 1975: 108, fig. 8.</p><p>Bittium agibelicum (Zhizh.) —Nevesskaya et al. 1986: 94.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) kamyshlakense L. Iljina, sp. nov. — Iljina 1993: 67, pl. 8, fig. 12 [non Iljina 1993 = figs 10–11].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) kamyshlakense L. Il’ina sp. nov.— Iljina 1994: 35, pl. fig. 8 [non Iljina 1993 = fig. 7].</p><p>Bittium (?) agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936) — Iljina 1993: 71, pl. 9, figs 1–3.</p><p>Cerithidium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936) — Ilgar 2015: 69, text fig. 5(A), fig. 19.</p><p>Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko) — Guzhov 2015: 84.</p><p>Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936) — Guzhov 2022: 23, pl. 4, figs 9–10, pl. 5, figs 7–16.</p><p>non Newtoniella dertobicarinata var. agibelica Zhizhchenko— Strachimirov 1960a: 287, pl. 59, figs 27–30 [= Bittium orientale</p><p>(Andrussow, 1911)]. non Newtoniella dertobicarinata Sacco— Urbaniak 1974: 38, pl. 3, fig. 9, pl. 19, fig. 13 [= Bittium sp.]. non Newtoniella dertobicarinata agibelica Zhizh.— Kókay 1985: 94, pl. 9, figs 14–15 [= Theodiscella biseriata (Friedberg,</p><p>1914)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, TSNIGR 171/11330 (former number 42183), illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 21, fig. 31), SL: 5.5 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Fig. 3A. Paratypes stored in TSNIGR Museum: 172/11330, illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 21, fig. 32); 173/11330, illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 21, fig. 33). All types from Lugovoe (formerly Agibel’) (Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN no. 5794/69, SL: 8.4 mm, MD: 3 mm, Belaya River (Russia), Figs 3B 1 –B 2. PIN 5794/68, Belaya River (Russia), Middle Miocene, lower Chokrakian, Fig. 3C. PIN, no. 5794/54, SL: 5.9 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, ravine Semikolennyi (Russia), Fig. 3D. PIN no. 5904/33, SL: 16.8 mm, MD: 4.8 mm, Cape Carta (Turkey), Figs 3E 1 –E 2. PIN no. 5794/71, SL: 8.3 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, Cape Tarkhan (Crimea), Figs 3F 1 –F 2.</p><p>Additional material. See Guzhov (2022: 25).</p><p>Revised description. Small, slender shell of 8–13 teleoconch whorls, typically 9–12 mm, rarely up to 16–17 mm in height; apical angle 20–25°. Protoconch low conical of 2.5 smooth convex whorls. Teleoconch whorls with steep, very broad, slightly concave subsutural ramp, marked angulation slightly below mid-whorl and distinct constriction at abapical suture. Suture linear, weakly incised. Adapical spiral cord more prominent, placed slightly below mid-whorl, second cord midway between adapical cord and suture; third, weak spiral cord appearing just above suture. Axial ribs only on early teleoconch whorls, reduced to subobsolete ridges on later whorls; 14–17 on last whorl. Axial ribs indicated by small, spirally elongated tubercles on spiral cords. Microsculpture of spiral rows of tiny pustules in spiral interspaces visible only on early teleoconch whorls. Later whorls only with indistinct microscopical spiral threads in spiral interspaces, tiny pits over cords. Last whorl strongly constricted, 35–38% of total height. Varices usually absent; occasionally one or two weak varices may appear on last one or two whorls; rarely, three varices may occur on last whorl. Base weakly convex, delimited by two prominent, widely spaced peribasal cords; two or three spiral cords over fasciole. Aperture low, wide ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal narrowly V-shaped. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short, very wide.</p><p>Discussion. The species probably derived from Bittium rossicum sp. nov. during the earliest Chokrakian (Guzhov 2022). Bittium agibelicum differs from Bittium nabokovorum nom. nov., B. orientale (Andrussow, 1911) (early Chokrakian) and B. badzoshviliae sp. nov. (early Maeotian) in its more slender, elongated shell with broad smooth subsutural ramp. This species was discussed in detail by Guzhov (2022).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Restricted to the early Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Cape Bayram, Cape Carta, Ordu (Sinop District) (hoc opus); Bulgaria: Samotino (Strachimirov 1953); Crimea: Bulganak, Lake Chokrak, Malyi Kamyshlak and Skelya sections, Cape Tarkhan, Yuzmyak place near Leninskoe, Cape Zyuk; Ciscaucasia: Khadyzhensk (Krasnodar Krai); Belaya and Fars rivers, ravine Semikolennyi (Adygea); Novo-Kuvinsk (Karachay-Cherkessia), Vorovskolesskoe (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Grmagele, Inashauri, Kinoti (Georgia) (Iljina 1993, Guzhov 2022, hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE353DDC14FF548083F689FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE353CDC17FF5486BCF616FA46.text	211887DE353CDC17FF5486BCF616FA46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium agriense Baldi 1966	<div><p>Bittium agriense Báldi, 1966</p><p>Fig. 4A</p><p>* Bittium spina agriense n. subsp. — Báldi 1966: 87, pl. 2, fig. 4.</p><p>Bittium spina agriense Báldi, 1966 — Báldi 1973: 262, pl. 29, fig. 5.</p><p>Bittium spina agriense Báldi, 1966 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 81.</p><p>Type material. Holotype M 65.1083, SL: 3.7 mm, MD: 1.4 mm, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hungary), illustrated in Báldi (1966: pl. 2, fig. 4). Wind brickyard, Eger (Hungary), Late Oligocene, Egerian, Fig. 4A.</p><p>Revised description. Minute, moderately slender shell of more than nine teleoconch whorls; apical angle 25°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls with two prominent spiral cords placed mid-whorl and slightly above abapical suture. Third spiral cord appears on fourth whorl placed on narrow, subsutural ramp. Spiral cords with pointed tubercles. Fourth smooth spiral cord appears on seventh whorl just above abapical suture. Whorl profile convex narrowly constricted above abapical suture. Suture moderately incised. Last whorl with varix; aperture and base not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This species was established as subspecies of Argyropeza spina (Hörnes, 1855) but is clearly unrelated. Bittium agriense Báldi, 1966 is slightly reminiscent of Bittium grinzingense sp. nov., but is much smaller at the same number of whorls, has less convex whorls, and the subsutural ramp of early teleoconch whorls is much narrower.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Central Paratethys: Egerian (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene): Hungarian Paleogene Basin: Eger (Hungary) (Báldi 1973).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE353CDC17FF5486BCF616FA46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE353FDC09FF5485F5F628FAB0.text	211887DE353FDC09FF5485F5F628FAB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium amibouei Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium amibouei sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5A–G</p><p>Cerithium scabrum Olivi— Hörnes 1855 (pars): 410 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)— Tomašových 1998: 374, pl. 3, figs 10–11, pl. 9, figs 6–7 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum — Zuschin et al. 2007: 288 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype NHMW 1864 /0001/0206, SL: 11.0 mm, MD: 3.3 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 5D 1 – D 2 . Paratypes: NHMW 2023 /0048/0002, SL: 9.0 mm, MD: 2.9 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 5A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 2023 /0048/0003, SL: 8.0 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 5B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023 /0048/0004, SL: 8.0 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 5C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023 /0048/0005, SL: 5.0 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Fig. 5E . NHMW 2023 /0048/0006, SL: 6.2 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Fig. 5F. NHMW 2023 /0048/0007, SL: 6.1 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Gainfarn (Austria), Fig. 5G .</p><p>Additional material. 8 spec., NHMW 1864 /0047/0001, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 326 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0866, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 470 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0864, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 175 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0869, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 588 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0863, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 15 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0867, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 96 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0871, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 139 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0865, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 179 spec., NHMW 2013 /0479/0868, Gainfarn (Austria) .</p><p>Type locality. Gainfarn (Austria), Vienna Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silt sand of the Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the French geologist Ami Boué (1794–1881), who was the first to study the mollusks from Gainfarn (Austria).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, slender conical shell characterized by a protoconch of 2.5 whorls with faint spiral thread on last whorl, teleoconch sculpture of three prominent spiral cords crossed by axial ribs of equal strength forming cancellate sculpture. Varices very prominent, roughly axially aligned.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, slender conical shell of up to 14 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 11 mm in height; apical angle ~22–25°. Protoconch high conical of 2.5 convex whorls (dp = 270 μm). Last protoconch whorl with faint spiral thread at abapical suture. First teleoconch whorl with moderately wide subsutural ramp and two prominent spiral cords. Prominent, narrow axial ribs appear on second teleoconch whorl, forming cancellate sculpture with large tubercles developed at intersections. Third spiral cord appears over subsutural ramp on second or third teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls conical, straight sided with deeply incised, linear to weakly undulating suture. Sculpture of three prominent spiral cords and weaker axial ribs. Sculpture rather close set on early spire whorls; wide cancellate sculpture on later whorls. Fourth spiral cord at abapical suture, largely covered by subsequent whorl. Varices broad, strengthening further during ontogeny, often being roughly axially aligned along length of teleoconch. Last whorl weakly convex with markedly constricted base, attaining ~33 % of total height. Transition into base weakly angulated with two raised peribasal cords. Two additional spiral cords over fasciole. Aperture ovate, relatively small. Columella weakly excavated. Columellar callus forming indistinct, narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip not preserved. Three blunt denticles inside aperture corresponding to varix of last whorl. Siphonal canal narrow, short.</p><p>Discussion. This species is among the larger sized Bittiinae of the Central Paratethys Sea and occurs in huge numbers at the type locality, where it is among the dominant mollusk species (Zuschin et al. 2007). Since Hörnes (1855), however, it has been confused with Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778), from which it differs quite clearly by the presence of only three spiral cords and by the cancellate sculpture in Bittium amibouei sp. nov. The same features allow a separation from Bittium tani sp. nov. The prominent varices and the presence of three primary spiral cords in B. amibouei are reminiscent of Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1829), but that species is also clearly distinguished by its close-set beads. Bittium courtillerianum (Millet, 1865), from the Tortonian of France, has very similar sculpture on late teleoconch whorls, but has convex early whorls and a short protoconch of only one whorl (see Landau et al. 2018: pl. 4). Bittium courtillerianum (Millet, 1865) var. sensu Landau et al. (2018), from the Tortonian of France, also has a cancellate sculpture, but develops four spiral cords, has more convex whorls and especially its early teleoconch whorls differ in their convexity (see Landau et al. 2018: pl. 5).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic with sea grass cover (Zuschin et al. 2007).</p><p>Distribution. Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Gainfarn (Austria); Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE353FDC09FF5485F5F628FAB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3521DC08FF5485DFF6E8FBFC.text	211887DE3521DC08FF5485DFF6E8FBFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium badzoshviliae Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium badzoshviliae sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2E–I</p><p>Bittium acutum Osaulenko— Iljina et al. 1976: 99, pl. 25, figs 19, 23, 24, 26.</p><p>B [ittium]. acutum (Ossau.) — Badzoshvili 1979: 27, pl. 20, figs 2–3.</p><p>Bittium acutum Ossaul.— Badzoshvili 1986: 36, 63, pl. 18, figs 5–6.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, PIN 5904 /9; SL: 5 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Krymsk (Russia), Figs 2G 1 –G 2 . Paratypes: PIN 5904 /7; SL: 5.8 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Cəngi (Azerbaijan), Fig. 2E . PIN 5904 /8; SL: 4.9 mm, MD: 2 mm, Otap River (Abkhazia), Fig. 2F. PIN 5904 / 10; Otap River (Abkhazia), Fig. 2H . PIN 5904 / 11; Otap River (Abkhazia), Fig. 2I .</p><p>Type locality. Krymsk (Russia) .</p><p>Type stratum. Unknown.</p><p>Age. Late Miocene, early Maeotian (Tortonian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Tsiala Badzoshvili, who studied Maeotian molluscs of Georgia.</p><p>Description. Small, slender shell of 7–8 teleoconch whorls, attaining 6–6.5 mm in height; apical angle 20– 25°. Protoconch of 2.5–3 whorls, terminal part becoming angled mid-whorl, with sinusigera (dp = 300–320 μm). Teleoconch whorl profile markedly angled with broad subsutural ramp. Suture moderately incised. First teleoconch whorl with two prominent primary spiral cords placed mid-whorl and weaker suprasutural cord. Secondary sculpture of three delicate spiral threads over subsutural ramp appearing after second to fourth teleoconch whorl. Fourth secondary spiral cord may appear on last whorl. Periphery mid-whorl, delimited by adapical primary cord. Axial ribs appear on second teleoconch whorl, rarely also on first whorl. Tubercles at intersections with primary spiral cords, occasionally also on secondary cords. Ten to 14 axial ribs on penultimate whorl, increasing in number on last whorl. Varices absent. Microsculpture on early teleoconch whorls of spiral rows of tiny pustules, becoming subobsolete on later whorls; spiral cords with tiny pits. Last whorl attains 40–47% of total height. Base delimited by two peribasal cords, adapical cord stronger, three further weaker cords over fasciole. Aperture wide, subcircular. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, moderately narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct, broad. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal very short, wide.</p><p>Discussion. This species is most close to the Chokrakian Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936), Bittium nabokovorum nom. nov. and Bittium orientale (Andrussow, 1911) . It differs from B. agibelicum in its smaller, shorter and broader shell with lower whorls, with thin secondary cords above the primary cords. It differs from B. nabokovorum in its longer protoconch, fewer and spirally elongated beads, persistent and more numerous secondary sculpture, and it differs from B. orientale in its longer protoconch, smaller and shorter shell and the presence of secondary sculpture. Bittium badzoshviliae sp. nov. differs from its assumed precursor Bittium acutum Ossaulenko, 1936 in that the secondary sculpture is much weaker than the primary, the clearly bicarinate whorls, and the well-developed cords and beads persisting on the entire teleoconch.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Restricted to the early Maeotian of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Maeotian (Late Miocene): Black Sea Lowland:Don River in Nizhnegnilovskoi district of Rostov-on-Don (Rostov Region, Russia); Ciscaucasia: Krymsk, Shebsh river near Grigor’evskaya, Sheptal’skii (Krasnodar Krai, Russia); Yaryksu river near Novolakskii (Chechnya, Russia); Transcaucasia: Galidzga and Otap rivers (Abkhazia), Tkhinvali (Georgia); Cəngi, Qobustan (former Mərəzə) (Azerbaijan) (Badzoshvili 1979, 1986; Iljina et al. 1976, hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3521DC08FF5485DFF6E8FBFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3520DC0AFF548493F301FDA8.text	211887DE3520DC0AFF548493F301FDA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium bosphoranum (Andrussow 1890)	<div><p>Bittium bosphoranum (Andrussow, 1890)</p><p>Figs 6A–H</p><p>* Cerithium bosphoranum sp. nov. — Andrussow 1890: 299, pl. 4, fig. 10.</p><p>Cerithium (Bittium) bosphoranum Andrus.— Andrussow 1906: 397 .</p><p>Cerithium bosphoranum Andrus.— Davidaschvili 1931: 20, pl. 4, fig. 9.</p><p>Bittium bosphoranum Andrusssov, 1890 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 162, pl. 39, fig. 27.</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (Costa)— Iljina 1972: 49, pl. 1, figs 7–8 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (Costa)— Iljina et al. 1976: 87, pl. 25, figs 11–18 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (Costa)— Badzoshvili 1979: 27, pl. 19, figs 9–14, pl. 20, fig. 1 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium reticulatum (Costa)— Badzoshvili 1986: 36, 62, pl. 18, figs 1–4 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Type material. The shell illustrated in Andrussow 1890 not marked in his collection, lectotype (designated herein): SPSU 50/150-1; SL: 6 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Figs 6A 1 –A 2. Paralectotypes: SPSU 50/150-2; SL: 5.9 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Figs 6B 1 –B 2. SPSU 50/150-3; SL: 5.9 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Fig. 6C. Also 13 unfigured paralectotypes under number SPSU 50/150. All specimens from Mount Mitridat, Kerch (Crimea), early Maeotian, Late Miocene .</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 2220/292; SL: 6.7 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, Gup (= Gupi) (Abkhazia), illustrated in Iljina et al. (1976: pl. 25, fig. 13), Figs 6D 1 –D 2. PIN 2220/502; SL: 6.9 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Pshish River near Erivanskii (Russia), illustrated in Iljina et al. (1976: pl. 25, fig. 15), Fig. 6E. PIN 5904/1; SL: 6.5 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, Gup (Abkhazia), Figs 6F 1 –F 2. PIN 5904/3, Galidzga River (Abkhazia), Figs 6G 1 –G 3. PIN 5904/2, SL: 4.4 mm, MD: 1.4 mm, Lake Tobechik (Crimea), Fig. 6H.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, moderately slender conical shell of 9–10 teleoconch whorls, attaining 7–8.5 mm in height; apical angle 19–35°. Protoconch of 2.5–3.0 whorls, terminal part angled mid-whorl, with sinusigera (dp = ~270 μm). Early teleoconch whorls weakly angled with broad subsutural ramp, later whorls convex. Suture deeply incised, weakly undulating. First teleoconch whorl with two prominent primary spiral cords placed mid-whorl and partially visible suprasutural cord. First secondary cord appears on subsutural ramp on third whorl. Next secondary spiral cord appears below first secondary cord and additional cord may appear along abapical suture. Last whorl with five, rarely four, subequal prominent spiral cords, separated by about 1.5 times wider interspace. Axial ribs appear on first or second teleoconch whorls; 14–18 axial ribs on penultimate whorl plus varices. Spiral cords tuberculate at intersections with densely spaced, prominent axial ribs, separated by narrower interspaces. Two or more varices on last whorl, occurring at between 160–180 °to each other, strengthening during ontogeny; occasionally axially aligned. Second half of last whorl typically devoid of axial ribs, bearing only wide-spaced varices and smooth spiral cords. Microsculpture of spiral rows of tiny pustules, spiral cords with tiny pits. Later teleoconch whorls convex with periphery below mid-whorl. Last whorl convex, moderately constricted, attaining about 37–41% of total height. Base with two prominent peribasal spiral cords, three weaker cords over fasciole. Aperture wide and ovate. Columella weakly excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct, wide. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short and very wide.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its peculiar sculpture of prominent spiral cords with small tubercles developed at axial intersections and by the broad, prominent varices, which are slightly reminiscent of some Potamididae such as Terebralia . This similarity was already stressed by Andrussow (1890), but his illustration was very schematic. Iljina (1972), Iljina et al. (1976) and Badzoshvili (1979) identified these Maeotian shells as Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778), which is more slender, has a less incised suture and has weaker varices than Bittium bosphoranum (Andrussow, 1890) .</p><p>Some samples contain B. bosphoranum with more slender shells and reduced axial sculpture and weak tubercles (Figs 6C, G 2). These specimens are transitional to B. acutum Ossaulenko, 1936, which is probably a descendant of B. bosphoranum . Bittium acutum differs in its reduced axial sculpture, the weaker and more wide-spaced beads, the reduced varices, the distinction between secondary and primary cords, and the usually angled whorls.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from early Maeotian (Late Miocene) of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Maeotian (Late Miocene): Black Sea Lowland: Yagorlyts’kyi Kut peninsula (where was former Svobodnyi Port) (Kherson Region); Crimea: Nasyr, Kerch (including Mount Mitridat), Semenovka, Lake Tobechik, Zavetnoe (Crimea, Russia). Ciscaucasia: Anapa District (boreholes), Apchas river near Kutais, ravine Belaya Saklya (Pshish river), Erivanskii, ravine Kordashova (Pshish river), capes Panagiya and Popov Kamen’, Shebsh river near Grigor’evskaya, Sheptal’skii, Taman’ (Krasnodar Krai, Russia), Sulak river near Bavtugai (Dagestan, Russia); Transcaucasia: Galidzga River near village Gup (or Gupi), Otap River (Abkhazia); Transcaspian Region: Cape Urdek (Iljina et al. 1976; Badzoshvili 1979; hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3520DC0AFF548493F301FDA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3522DC0FFF5482A7F326F85C.text	211887DE3522DC0FFF5482A7F326F85C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium deforme (Eichwald 1829)	<div><p>Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1829)</p><p>Figs 7A–N, 8A–C</p><p>* C [erithium]. deforme n.— Eichwald 1829: 295, pl. 5, fig. 11.</p><p>C [erithium]. deforme m.— Eichwald 1830: 223.</p><p>Cerithium lima Brug.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 36, pl. 2, figs 1–3 [non Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>C [erithium]. Lima Brug.— Pusch 1836: 526 [non Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>Cerithium lima Brug.— Pusch 1837: 148 [non Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>C [erithium]. deforme — Pusch 1836: 526.</p><p>Cerith [ium]. deforme m.— Eichwald 1851: 88, pl. 7, fig. 22.</p><p>Cerithium deforme — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 22.</p><p>Cerith [ium]. deforme m.— Eichwald 1853: 159.</p><p>Cerithium deforme Eichwald— Hilber 1882: 8, pl. 1, fig. 18.</p><p>Cerithium (Bittium) deforme Eichw.—Laskarev 1903: 146, pl. 5, fig. 27.</p><p>Bittium deforme Eichw.— Friedberg 1914: 304, pl. 18, figs 12–13.</p><p>? Cerithium deforme Eichw.— Ossipov 1932: 69, pl. 4, fig. 16.</p><p>Bittium deforme Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1936: 346, pl. 20, figs 11–12.</p><p>Bittium deforme Eichw.— Friedberg 1938a: 103 .</p><p>Bittium deforme Eichw.—Krach 1950: 305, pl. 1, fig. 1.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) deforme Eichw.— Korobkov 1955: pl. 30, figs 13–14.</p><p>Bittium deforme (Eichwald 1830 [sic])— Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 162, pl. 39, figs 28–29.</p><p>Bittium deforme (Eichw.) — Urbaniak 1974: 38, pl. 3, fig. 14, pl. 4, fig. 13, pl. 19, fig. 6.</p><p>? Bittium reticulatum (da Costa)— Urbaniak 1974: pl. 12, fig. 19, pl. 19, fig. 18 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1830) — Jakubowski &amp; Musiał 1977: 112, pl. 15, figs 18–19.</p><p>Bittium deforme (Eichwald 1830 [sic])— Krach 1981: 60, pl. 16, figs 18–23.</p><p>non Bittium deforme Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1936: 212, pl. 20, figs 13–14 [= Batillariidae, Theodiscella cicur (Zhizhchenko, 1934)].</p><p>non Bittium deforme Eichw.— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 100, pl. 2, fig. 19–20 [= Potamididae].</p><p>non Bittium deforme (Eichw.) — Kókay 1966: 44, pl. 4, fig. 16 [= Potamididae].</p><p>non Bittium (Bittium) deforme Eichwald— Atanacković 1969: 197, pl. 8, figs 21–22 [= Bittium tani sp. nov.].</p><p>non Bittium (Bittium) deforme Eichw.—Radi 1971: 176, pl. 3, fig. 72 [unidentifiable fragment].</p><p>non Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum deforme (Eichwald, 1853 [sic])— Švagrovský 1971: 345, pl. 59, figs 1–16 [= Potamididae]. non Bittium reticulatum deforme (Eichwald) — Papp 1974: 345, pl. 7, figs 1–6 [= Potamididae].</p><p>non Bittium reticulatum deforme — Özsayar, 1977: 61, pl. 10, fig. 1 [= Bittium rossicum sp. nov.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, designated herein: SPSU 3/330-1, SL: 12 mm, MD: 4 mm, Zhukivtsi, Figs 7A 1 –A 2. No type locality is given in Eichwald (1829); Eichwald (1851, 1853) listed several Ukrainian localities, such as Bilka (Velyka Bilka), Staro Poczaiow (Staryi Pochaiv), Zukowce (Zhukivtsi) and Zalisce (Zalistsi) and others. Type series stored in SPSU: 3/330, 12 specimens, including lectotype, Zhukivtsi; 3/331, eight specimens, erroneously marked as Korytnica; 3/332, one specimen, Zhukivtsi; and in ZI RAS: Eichwald’s number 192, more than a hundred specimens, Velyka Bilka. All from late Badenian, Ukraine.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1870 /0014/0006a, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 3.9 mm, Golubytsya (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 1870 /0014/0006b, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 3.2 mm, Golubytsya (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 1870 /0014/0006c, SL: 10.7 mm, MD: 3.5 mm, Golubytsya (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7D 1 –D 2 . PIN 5904 /43, SL: 8.4 mm, MD: 2.6 mm, Łychów (Poland), middle Badenian, Fig. 7E . PIN 5904 /44, SL: 8.2 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Łychów (Poland), middle Badenian, Fig. 7F. PIN 5904 /45, SL: 9.3 mm, MD: 3.2 mm, Łychów (Poland), middle Badenian, Figs 7G 1 –G 2 . PIN 5904 /46, SL: 11.4 mm, MD: 3.6 mm, Pochaiv (Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7H . PIN 5904 /54, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, Shyshkivtsi (Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7I . PIN 5904 /47, SL: 11.9 mm, MD: 3.7 mm, Pochaiv (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7J 1 –J 2 . PIN 5904 /48, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Pochaiv (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 7K 1 –K 2 . PIN 5904 /49, SL: 10.3 mm, MD: 3 mm, Sataniv (Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7L. PIN 5904 /50, SL: 14.4 mm, MD: 4.5 mm, Gryts’kiv (Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7M. PIN 5904 /51, SL: 17.5 mm, MD: 4 mm, Tsikova (Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 7N. PIN 5904 /51, Łychów, Poland, Middle Miocene, middle Badenian, Fig. 8A . PIN 5904 /52, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 8B 1 –B 4 . PIN 5904 /53, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, middle Badenian, Fig. 8C .</p><p>Additional material. 34 spec., NHMW 1871 /0007/0007, Gliwice (Poland) ; 23 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0485, Golubytsya (= Hołubica) (Ukraine) .</p><p>Revised description. Large, slender shell of 10–11 (up to 13–15 in elongated morph) teleoconch whorls with weakly cyrtoconoid spire, commonly attaining 10–14 mm in height; apical angle 21–30°. Protoconch of three whorls terminating with sinusigera (dp = ~320 μm). Protoconch whorls covered by numerous large pustules, two spiral cords appear on second whorl. First teleoconch whorl convex with two spiral cords with beads and partially visible suprasutural cord. Secondary cord appears just below suture on second or third teleoconch whorl and reaches size of primary cords. Spiral threads often appear on penultimate or last whorl. Later whorls straight sided, subcylindrical with three close-set spiral cords of large beads separated by interspaces of roughly equal width to cords. Beads vaguely axially aligned without forming ribs. Suture deeply incised due to deep abapical constriction of whorls. Weakly tubercular secondary spiral cord intercalated between adapical and mid-primary cord in some specimens. Prominent varices may occur occasionally on spire whorls and especially on last whorl. Last whorl strongly constricted, attaining 36–39% of total height (decreasing to 31% in elongated morph). Base weakly convex with two prominent peribasal spiral cords, adapical stronger, and few weaker spiral cords (from two to four) over base. Aperture ovate, not very wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, thin rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short, wide, slightly deflected to the left. Color pattern of big irregular spots and uncolored varices.</p><p>Discussion. Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1829) is represented by several morphotypes in the late Badenian of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin. One morphotype is characterized by the presence of varices and the presence of secondary spiral cords starting on the penultimate whorl. The lectotype represents this morphotype. Varices are absent or weak in the second common morphotype, which bears spiral threads only on the last half of the last whorl (Figs 7E, K) or lacks secondary sculpture (Figs 7J, N). Both morphs have a similar number of whorls (up to 15) and attain up to 14 mm in height. Elongated shells may reach 20 mm in height and have either orthoconoid shells or bullet-like shells with short cyrtoconoid posterior part and long cylindrical anterior part (Figs 7M, N). The earliest known Bittium deforme are known from the late middle Badenian (late Moravian) from Łychów (Poland) and are characterized by smaller shells (up to 10 mm) without spiral threads on last whorls. Varices are absent or represented only on the last whorl, rarely also on the spire.</p><p>Bittium deforme was partly confused with Bittium tani sp. nov., which is comparable in size and shape. Both species, however, are very clearly distinguished by the spiral sculpture of three primary spiral cords with occasional intercalations of secondary threads in B. deforme whereas B. tani has four primary spiral cords without secondary intercalations. The available specimens show many scars suggesting intense predation pressure. Bittium larrieyense Vignal, 1911, from the Early Miocene of France, is comparable in its general shape and the strong varices but develops five spiral cords of equal strength and is slightly more slender (see Lozouet et al. 2001: pl. 6, fig. 6).</p><p>Bittium deforme is restricted to the late middle and late Badenian of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin. Specimens described as this species from the Vienna and the Pannonian basins represent other species, e.g., the specimen from Herend-Márkó (Hungary), described by Kókay (1966), differs clearly in its stout conical outline. Sarmatian occurrences, described by Švagrovský (1971) and Papp (1974) as this species are Potamididae . The same might be the case for the Sarmatian specimens mentioned by Hír et al. (2001). Similarly, specimens from the Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys, described by Zhizhchenko (1936) are not conspecific with B. deforme and represent Theodiscella cicur (Zhizhchenko, 1936), Potamididae (Guzhov 2022; Harzhauser et al. 2023a).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the late middle and late Badenian (Serravallian) of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek, (Poland) (Krach 1981); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Monasterz (spelled as Monastyrz) (Poland) (Jakubowski &amp; Musiał 1977). Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Białogon, Błoń, Bogucic, Czepiele, Dryszczów (Nadrichne), Gliwice, Miechocin, Pustelnia, Wielowieś, Wieliczka, Zgłobień (Poland) (Friedberg 1914, 1938a; Krach 1950; hoc opus); Tarnów (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); Dibrova (former Vovkotrubi/Volkotrubi), Gorodok, Gryts’kiv, Kytaigorod, Novokonstyantyniv, Postolivka, Ripyntsi, Sataniv, Shyshkivtsi, Smotrych, Stara Pisochna, Tarnoruda, Trostyanets’, Varivtsi, Velyka Levada, Tsikova, Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Hołdy near Buchyna, Oles’ko, Penyaky, Yaseniv (Lviv Region), Chernylivka, Fashchivka, Gusyatin, Kabarivtsi, Kalagarivka, Komaryn, Mala Bilka, Pochaiv, Rydomyl’, Shushkivtsi, Staryi Pochaiv, Ternopil, Turivka, Velyka Bilka, Velyki Birky, Velykyi Glibochok, Zalistsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914; hoc opus); Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3522DC0FFF5482A7F326F85C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3526DC0EFF548083F381F83C.text	211887DE3526DC0EFF548083F381F83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium densespiratum Baldi 1966	<div><p>Bittium densespiratum Báldi, 1966</p><p>Figs 9A 1 –A 2</p><p>* Bittium reticulatum densespiratum n. subsp. — Báldi 1966: 87, pl. 2, fig. 3.</p><p>Bittium reticulatum densespiratum Báldi, 1966 — Báldi 1973: 262, pl. 29, fig. 6.</p><p>Bittium reticulatum densespiratum Báldi, 1966 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 81.</p><p>Type material. Holotype M.65.1084, SL: 8.2 mm, MD: 2.8 mm; Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hungary), illustrated in Báldi (1966: pl. 2, fig. 3). Wind brickyard, Eger (Hungary), Late Oligocene, Egerian, Figs 9A 1 –A 2.</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, moderately slender shell of more than eight teleoconch whorls with broad varices; apical angle 27°. Protoconch and first teleoconch whorls unknown. Early spire whorls weakly convex, conical. Later teleoconch whorls moderately convex with periphery slightly below mid-whorl. Sculpture on early teleoconch of four weak spiral cords overrunning weak axial ribs, separated by wider interspaces. Number of spiral cords increasing to ten on last spire whorl due to intercalation of secondary spiral cords; secondaries only slightly weaker than primaries on last whorl. Axial ribs weaken abapically. Suture moderately incised. Last whorl strongly constricted attaining about 42% of total height. Base weakly convex with two slightly more prominent peribasal cords and several weaker spiral cords over base and fasciole. Columella almost straight. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Siphonal canal short, slightly deflected to the left. Outer lip not preserved. Two stout denticles placed close behind aperture.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by a somewhat irregular appearance of the whorls due to the broad varices, the delicate sculpture and the denticles in the aperture. Bittium lozoueti Van Dingenen, Ceulemans &amp; Landau, 2016, from the Tortonian and Early Pliocene of France, is superficially similar but is more slender, has more prominent sculpture and lacks denticles in the aperture (see Van Dingenen et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 11–14; Landau et al., 2018, pl. 8). Similarly, Bittium venustulum (Millet, 1865), from the Tortonian of France, has very weak axial sculpture as well but is much more slender (see Landau et al., 2018, pl. 11, figs 1–5). Cerithium taeniagranulosum Lozouet, 1999, from the Chattian of the Aquitaine Basin in France, is comparable in size, outline, and sculpture on the last whorls, but differs in its prominent axial sculpture on early spire whorls.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Egerian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Egerian: Hungarian Paleogene Basin: Eger (Hungary) (Báldi 1973).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3526DC0EFF548083F381F83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3529DC00FF548083F3D9F86A.text	211887DE3529DC00FF548083F3D9F86A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko 1934)	<div><p>Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1934)</p><p>Figs 10A–D</p><p>Bittium scabrum Olivi— Schwetz 1912: 320 [non Olivi, 1792].</p><p>Cer [ithium]. scabrum Olivi var. comitatensis Font.— Schwetz 1912: 320 [non Cerithium comitatensis Fontannes, 1880].</p><p>Cerithium (Bittium) scabrum Olivi—Davitashvili 1932: 38, pl. 4, figs 5–7 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792)].</p><p>* Cerithium digitatum sp. nov. — Zhizhchenko 1934: 63, pl. 9, figs 26–28.</p><p>Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko— Zhizhchenko 1936: 210, 300, pl. 20, figs 17, 19–22 [non fig. 18 = Bittium tulskajense Iljina, 1993].</p><p>Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko— Volkova 1955: 49, pl. 22, figs 8–9.</p><p>Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko— Zhizhchenko 1959: 252, pl. 16, figs 1–6.</p><p>Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko— Strachimirov 1960a: 287, pl. 59, figs 41–44.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) digitatum (Zhizhchenko) — Manolov 1960: 306, pl. 2, figs 26–30.</p><p>Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko— Pčelincev &amp; Korobkov 1960: 312, pl. 19, figs 16–17.</p><p>Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko 1934) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 162, pl. 40, figs 1–2.</p><p>Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko, 1936 — Volkova 1974: 90, pl. 11, figs 8–9.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1934) — Iljina 1993: 68, pl. 8, figs 13–15.</p><p>Bittium digitatum (Zhizh.) — Goncharova et al. 2014: 251, pl. 4, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium scabrum — Vorobyev 2014: pl. 13.1.2, fig. j.</p><p>Turbonilla (Turbonilla) facki Koenen, 1882 — Ilgar 2015: 69, text fig. 5(A), fig. 18 [non Turbonilla facki von Koenen, 1882].</p><p>Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1936) — Ilgar 2015: 69, text fig. 5(A), fig. 21.</p><p>Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko) — Guzhov 2015: 84.</p><p>Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1934) — Guzhov 2022: 1101, pl. 2, figs 12–16, pl. 3, figs 1–6.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, TSNIGR 168/11330, former number 42159), SL: 14 mm, MD: 4.3 mm, early Chokrakian of Cape Tarkhan (Crimea), illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 20, fig. 21), Figs 10A 1 –A 2. Zhizhchenko (1934) did not designate a holotype. In Zhizhchenko (1936) he illustrated one of the syntypes and designated it as ‘holotype’. Because a subsequent designation of a holotype is not possible, this specimen became a lectotype. Paralectotypes: TSNIGR 166/11330, illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl.20, fig.19); TSNIGR 167/11330, illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 20, fig. 20). Note that the specimen illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 20, fig. 18, TSNIGR 165/11330), represents Bittium tulskajense Iljina, 1993 . All specimens from Cape Tarkhan (Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5794 /34, SL: 15 mm, MD: 4.6 mm, Belaya River (Russia), Figs 10B 1 –B 2 . PIN 5794 /33, SL: 13.3 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Belaya River (Russia), Figs 10C 1 –C 2 . PIN 5904 /12, SL: 5 mm, ravine Semikolennyi (Russia), Fig. 10D . PIN 5794 /31, ravine Semikolennyi (Russia), Figs 10E 1 –E 2. PIN 5794 / 30, ravine Semikolennyi (Russia), Fig. 10F. PIN 5904 /14, ravine Semikolennyi (Russia), Fig. 10G.</p><p>Revised description. Large, moderately slender regularly conical shell of up to 16 teleoconch whorls, attaining 17–19 mm in height; apical angle ~20°. Protoconch of 3.3 whorls (dp = ~320 μm), with numerous spiral rows of microscopical pustules, after first whorl alternating with spiral threads below mid-whorl. Last protoconch whorl with marked shoulder above mid-whorl, ends with sinusigera. First three teleoconch whorls bicarinate with three smooth primary spiral cords. Third primary cord at abapical suture, partly covered by subsequent whorl. Third to sixth teleoconch whorls weakly convex with three spiral cords with wide spaced tubercles. First secondary cord appears in the middle between adapical suture and upper primary cord at around third to fourth teleoconch whorls. Next secondary cord appears along adapical suture little later, and fifth secondary appears as thin thread between two earlier secondary cords on penultimate or last whorls. Microsculpture of numerous spiral rows of pustules in interspaces; spiral cords with tiny pits. Later whorls subcylindrical with narrow, incised suture, bearing finely cancellate sculpture, with close-set rounded tubercles (up to 30 per whorl) developed at intersections. Last whorl weakly convex, strongly constricted, attaining 33–35% of total height. Base with two prominent peribasal spiral cords and up to three weaker spiral cords over fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal weakly incised. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal very short, wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its regular conical outline and somewhat cancellate sculpture with tubercles developed at the intersections so close-set as to be almost beaded. It differs from Bittium tani sp. nov. and B. deforme (Eichwald, 1829) by its regular conical outline and more numerous but lower teleoconch whorls. Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1934) derived from B. tulskajense Iljina, 1993 during the early Chokrakian (Guzhov 2022). For a detailed discussion and additional pictures see Guzhov (2022).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the early Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Cape Bayram, Cape Carta, Ordu, Sinop (Sinop District) (Goncharova et al. 2014; Guzhov, 2022; hoc opus); Bulgaria: Varna district (Strachimirov 1960); Crimea: Bondarenkovo, Chekur-Koyash, Chokrak Lake, Malyi Kamyshlak and Skelya sections, Cape Tarkhan, Yuzmyak place near Leninskoe, Cape Zyuk (Crimea); Ciscaucasia: Belaya, ravine Semikolennyi (Adygea), Bol’shoi Zelenchuk river (Karachay-Cherkessia), Kievskoe, Otradnaya, Rubaily rocks, Shpil’ Mountain (Krasnodar Krai), Mountain Bryk, Podgornoe, Sultan, Vorovskolesskoe (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali, Kvezani, Badzhi (Georgia); Tkvarcheli (Abkhazia); Transcaspian Region: Chelyungkyr Plateau, Geokoba Mountain Ridge (Turkmenistan), Balniyaz place (Garabogazköl Bay), former Sartas (now in the limits of Garabogaz) (Turkmenistan) (Andrussow 1911; Zhizhchenko 1959; Volkova 1974; Iljina 1993; Vorobyev 2014; Guzhov 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3529DC00FF548083F3D9F86A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE352BDC02FF548083F658FDA8.text	211887DE352BDC02FF548083F658FDA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium foedum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium foedum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11A–C</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) benoisti Cossmann et Peyrot, 1922 — Steininger 1963: 45, pl. 13, fig. 3 [non Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922]. Bittium (Bittium) benoisti Cossmann et Peyrot, 1922 — Steininger et al. 1971: 382, pl. 53, fig. 3 [non Cossmann &amp; Peyrot,</p><p>1922].</p><p>Type material. Holotype NHMW 2023 /0055/0001, SL: 4.2 mm, MD: 1.3 mm, Figs 11A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes NHMW 2023 /0055/0002, SL: 3.9 mm, MD: 1.4 mm, Fig. 11B . NHMW 2023 /0055/0003, SL: 3.8 mm, MD: 1.2 mm, Figs 11C 1 –C 2 .</p><p>Additional paratypes. 16 spec., Paleontological Institute of the University of Vienna (Austria), material studied by Steininger (1963) .</p><p>Type locality. Fels am Wagram (Austria), North Alpine Foreland Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Sand of the Fels Formation.</p><p>Age. Early Miocene, Eggenburgian (Aquitanian/Burdigalian).</p><p>Etymology. Latin foedum meaning ugly.</p><p>Diagnosis. Minute, slender turreted shell characterized by its coarse horizontally rectangular cancellate sculpture of broad spiral cords and axial ribs. Broad peribasal band composed of three coalescent spiral cords.</p><p>Description. Minute, slender turreted shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 4.5 mm in height; apical angle ~20–24°. Protoconch high conical of about three weakly convex whorls (dp = ~280 μm). First teleoconch whorl moderately convex with two broad, rounded spiral cords crossed by rounded axial rib with large tubercles developed at intersections. Two additional spiral cords appear successively on subsutural ramp on second and third teleoconch whorls. Axial ribs on later teleoconch whorls widely spaced forming coarse horizontally rectangular cancellate sculpture with large, low tubercles developed at intersections. Whorl profile convex, outline somewhat irregular due to occasional varices. Suture deeply incised, more or less linear. Last whorl convex, moderately constricted, attaining ~38% of total height. Base with trifid broad peribasal band composed of three close-set spiral cords, three further cords over siphonal fasciole. Aperture ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus indistinct. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip not preserved. Siphonal canal wide, short, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. Bittium foedum sp. nov. is characterized by its small, slender shape and coarse horizontally rectangular cancellate sculpture. However, the most unusual character is the trifid peribasal fold that is not seen in any of its Paratethyan congeners. It is superficially reminiscent of the slightly larger Bittium praescabrum sp. nov., but differs in its blunt sculpture and the lower, more convex last whorl and broader trifid as opposed to bifid peribasal spiral band. Bittium amibouei sp. nov. is much larger than B. foedum, it has almost straight-sided whorls, the spiral cords are narrower and better defined, and again the peribasal cord is trifid as opposed to bifid.</p><p>This species was confused by Steininger (1963) with Bittium benoisti Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922 from the Burdigalian of France. However, Bittium benoisti differs clearly in its much larger size, the wide spaced spiral cords, weaker axial ribs, and it has a more bifid peribasal cord (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/ j05916).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The mollusk fauna of Fels am Wagram suggests shallow marine foreshore conditions with sandy bottoms (own data M.H.).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Fels am Wagram (Austria) (Steininger 1963).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE352BDC02FF548083F658FDA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE352ADC04FF5482A7F5EAFE18.text	211887DE352ADC04FF5482A7F5EAFE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium grinzingense Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium grinzingense sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12A–H</p><p>Cerithium scabrum Olivi— Hörnes 1855 (pars): 410 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792)].</p><p>Bittium spina Partsch— Strausz 1962: 35, pl. 7, figs 1–2 [non Bittium spina (Hörnes, 1855)].</p><p>Bittium spina Partsch, 1842 — Strausz 1966: 141, pl. 7, figs 1–2 [non Bittium spina (Hörnes, 1855)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum da Costa — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 21 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium reticulatum (Costa, 1779)— Švagrovský 1982: 20, pl. 8, fig. 1 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium spina (Partsch in Hörnes, 1856)—Harzhauser 2002: 71, pl. 2, fig. 10 [non Bittium spina (Hörnes, 1855)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1869 /0001/0105, SL: 6.6 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, Baden-Sooss, illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 42, figs 17a–b), Figs 12D 1 –D 2 . Paratypes: NHMW 2023 /0056/0001, SL: 6.2 mm, MD: 2.0 mm, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria) Fig. 12A . NHMW 2023 /0047/0002, SL: 6.2 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Buituri (Romania), Fig. 12B . NHMW 2023 /0047/0003, SL: 5.0 mm, MD: 1.6 mm, Buituri (Romania), Figs 12C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023 /0056/0002, SL: 7.2 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria), Figs 12E 1 –E 2 . NHMW 2023 /0056/0003, SL: 7.7 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria), Figs 12F 1 –F 2 . NHMW 2023 /0056/0004, SL: 7.3 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria), Fig. 12G . NHMW 2023 /0056/0005, SL: 7.0 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Grinzing (Austria), Figs 12H 1 – H 2 .</p><p>Additional material.&gt; 100 spec., NHMW 1865 /0001/0812, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1874 /0024/0016, Baden (Austria) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1865 /0036/0040, Drnovice u Vyškova (Czechia) ; 32 spec., NHMW1865 /0015/0088, Lysice (Czechia) ; 1 spec. NHMW 2000 z0001/0059, Obergänserndorf (Austria) , illustrated on Harzhauser (2002: pl. 2, fig. 10).</p><p>Type locality. Baden-Sooss (Austria) .</p><p>Type stratum. Silty clay of the Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to Grinzing, a district of Vienna. The name was used already by Mathias Auinger (1810– 1890) on collection labels.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, slender conical shell with high conical protoconch of three whorls, convex teleoconch whorls and regular sculpture of four to five spiral cords crossing narrow axial ribs with small, prominent tubercles at intersections, giving somewhat pricky appearance.</p><p>Description. Small, slender shell of 10–11 teleoconch whorls, with deep sutures, attaining about 5–7 mm in height; apical angle 21–26°. Protoconch high conical, of about three smooth, convex whorls with faint mid-whorl angulation, faint spiral threads below angulation on last whorl (dp = ~260 μm). Early teleoconch whorls with broad subsutural ramp and two spiral cords with rounded tubercles and weak axial ribs. Later whorls becoming more evenly convex. Two additional tubercular spiral cords appear simultaneously on subsutural ramp on third teleoconch whorl. Abapically tubercles become sharper, giving slightly pricky appearance. Spiral interspaces roughly equal in width to cords; axial interspaces about double width of ribs, forming horizontally rectangular cancellate sculpture. Axial sculpture of ribs largely reduced except from axial arrangement of tubercles and occasional varices, more prominent varix on last whorl. Fifth tubercular spiral cord intercalated between two most adapical cords on late whorls in some specimens. Last whorl attaining about 30–35% of total height, convex. Base strongly constricted with two narrow, close-set peribasal cords and two weaker cords over fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin; prominent varix close behind outer lip. Siphonal canal very short, shallow, wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species was lumped by Hörnes (1855) with several species, which he all treated as Cerithium scabrum . The extant Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792) differs distinctly in their larger size, less convex whorls and the rounded as opposed to pointed tubercles. The same features distinguish Bittium tani sp. nov. from B. grinzingense sp. nov. Bittium renauleauense Landau, Ceulemans &amp; Van Dingenen, 2018, from the Tortonian of France, is superficially similar but has more convex whorls and a less pricky appearance, the tubercles reduced (see Landau et al. 2018: pl. 10).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation (Baden, Möllersdorf) suggest middle to outer neritic environments with up to 210 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021). Occurrences at Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) point to agitated, shallow sublittoral environments (Švagrovský 1981).</p><p>Distribution. Karpatian (Early Miocene) to Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Obergänserndorf Basin (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Vienna /Grinzing (Austria) (hoc opus); Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982); Drnovice u Vyškova, Lysice (Czechia) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Szob (Strausz 1966); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Buituri (Romania) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE352ADC04FF5482A7F5EAFE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE352CDC39FF548237F324FC0D.text	211887DE352CDC39FF548237F324FC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium konkense Sokolov 1899	<div><p>Bittium konkense Sokolov, 1899</p><p>Figs 13A–O</p><p>* Bittium reticulatum da Costa var. konkensis — Sokolov 1899: 37, 80, pl. 4, figs 25–30.</p><p>Cerithium konkensis Sok.— Ossipov 1932: 66, pl. 4, figs 10–12.</p><p>Cerithium konkensis Sok. var. sokolovi n. var. — Ossipov 1932: 67, pl. 4, fig. 13.</p><p>Bittium moesiense n. sp. — Jekelius 1944: 82, pl. 21, figs 18–20.</p><p>Cerithium konkensis Sokol.— Zhgenti 1958: 83 .</p><p>Cerithium konkensis Sok.— Gamkrelidze et al. 1964: 273 .</p><p>Cerithium konkensis Sok. var. sokolovi Ossip. — Gamkrelidze et al. 1964: 274 .</p><p>Bittium konkensis Sokolov, 1899 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 163, pl. 40, figs 3–4.</p><p>Bittium reticulatum deforme (Eichw.) — Zhgenti 1991: 72, pl. 40, figs 1–8 [non Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1829)]. Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (Costa, 1778)— Iljina 1993: 67, pl. 8, figs 8–9 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium (Bittium) spina (Partsch, 1842) — Iljina 1993: 69 (pars), pl. 8, figs 16–19 [non Bittium spina (Hörnes, 1855)]. Bittium (Stylidium) amitrovi L. Iljina, sp. nov. — Iljina 1993: 70, pl. 8, figs 20–21.</p><p>Bittium (Stylidium) amitrovi L. Il’jina, sp. nov.— Iljina 1994: 36, pl. 1, figs 10–11.</p><p>Bittium sp. — Ilgar 2015: 69, text fig. 5(B), fig. 15.</p><p>non Bittium reticulatum konkensis Sok.— Kókay 1985: 94, pl. 9, fig. 13 [= Bittium sp.].</p><p>non Bittium moesiense Jekelius, 1944 — Bandel 2006: 72, pl. 5, figs 7–8 [? = Bittium orientale (Andrussow, 1911)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein: TSNIGR 468/302, SL: 8 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, Figs 13A 1 –A 2, illustrated in Sokolov 1899, pl. 4, fig. 28. Paralectotypes: TSNIGR 477/302, SL: 6 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Fig. 13B. TSNIGR 473/302, SL: 6.5 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, Fig. 13C. TSNIGR 471/302, SL: 7.3 mm, MD: 2.6 mm, Fig. 13D. All specimens from Yul’ivka (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Konkian. The type series of Bittium konkense contains 19 shells and is stored in the TSNIGR Museum. A part contains specimens marked as shells illustrated in Sokolov (1899) (numbers from 465/302 to 470/302). The second part contains unfigured shells (numbers 471/302–483/302). All shells come from the type locality. We compared the specimens marked as illustrated types with enlarged photos in Sokolov (1899) and found that most do not correspond to the figures. Only 468/302 (with crushed aperture after comparison) and 470/302 can be identified as illustrated types. Moreover 470/302, which is marked in the collection as specimen of Sokolov (1899, pl. 4, fig. 30), seems to represent his fig. 26. Sokolov’s figure 25 is too small to be identified with certainty. No other illustrated specimens could be identified in the second lot.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 4450/182, SL: 6.4 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, holotype of Bittium amitrovi Iljina, 1993, Aksengir Mountain (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13E. PIN 5904/27, SL: 5.2 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, Karatyulei (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13F. PIN 5904/13, SL: 5.7 mm, MD: 2 mm, Aksengir Mountain (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13G. Lectotype of Bittium konkense var. sokolovi Ossipov, 1932 (refigured from Sokolov 1899, pl. 4, fig. 30), Yul’ivka (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13H. PIN 5904/24, SL: 4.5 mm, MD: 1.5 mm, gully Chumnaya (Russia), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13I. PIN 5904/25, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, gully Chumnaya (Russia), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13J. PIN 5904/28, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 1.6 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Fig. 13K. PIN 5904/26, SL: 4.4 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Aksengir Mountain (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13L. PIN 5904/31, SL: 9 mm, MD: 2.9 mm, Kiyandy (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13M. PIN 5904/32, SL: 9.6 mm, MD: 3.2 mm, Kiyandy (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 13N. Holotype of Bittium moesiense Jekelius, 1944 (refigured from: Jekelius 1944, pl. 21, fig. 18), SL: 4 mm, MD: 1.4 mm, Soceni (Romania), Middle Miocene, Volhynian, Fig. 13O. PIN 5904/29, SL: 3.6 mm, MD: 1.3 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Fig. 13P. PIN 5904/30, SL: 5 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Fig. 13Q.</p><p>Revised description. Small, slender, conical shell of 10–12 teleoconch whorls, attaining about 6–8 mm in height; apical angle 21–25°. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch whorls weakly convex or faintly angled at mid-whorl. Suture deeply incised. First three whorls with two prominent spiral cords near mid-whorl crossed by increasingly more prominent axial ribs. Third primary cord along abapical suture. First secondary cord appears subsuturally on fourth teleoconch whorl. Second secondary cord appears below the first one or two whorls later or may be absent. Axial ribs with rounded tubercles at intersections with cords. Axial ribs may be reduced at various ontogenetic stages, partly resulting in shells with spiral cords without beads. Microsculpture represented by numerous rows of densely spaced pustules arranged in interspaces between spiral cords. Adult shells often with prominent varix close to aperture, second less prominent varix may occur at beginning of last whorl. Occasionally with up to two distinct varices per whorl. Spire whorls convex, with periphery at mid-whorl. Last whorl convex, moderately constricted, attaining 35–43% of total height. Base with two peribasal cords, the upper one stronger, and up to five narrower spiral cords over base and fasciole. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal very short, wide, shallow.</p><p>Synonyms. Bittium moesiense Jekelius, 1944, from the Sarmatian (Volhynian) of Soceni (Romania). We tentatively treat this species as Sarmatian occurrence of Bittium konkense as we do not see convincing differences to separate the two. We have several shells coming from the uppermost Badenian sample of Bursuc (Moldova), which are close to Bittium konkense with rare secondary cords. Ossipov (1932) treated the specimen illustrated by Sokolov (1899: pl. 4, fig. 30) as his new Cerithium konkensis var. sokolovi, based on its reduced axial sculpture.</p><p>Herein, we synonymize Bittium amitrovi Iljina, 1993 with Cerithium konkensis var. sokolovi Ossipov 1932 . The type material of Bittium amitrovi is represented by rounded shells with worn sculpture, but we observe poorly visible axial elements, which are strongly reduced on the last whorls. We have studied the shells, which Iljina treated as Bittium amitrovi in her collection. These are worn shells in all cases, partially with visible axial sculpture on early whorls or even on all whorls of less worn shells. The type series of Bittium konkense documents a broad variability in sculpture ranging from prominent axial ribs on the entire teleoconch to specimens almost devoid of ribs. Therefore, Cerithium konkensis var. sokolovi and Bittium amitrovi are cases of intraspecific variability of Bittium konkense . Shells with reduced axial sculpture are typical for the type locality and in the Transcaspian region, but unknown from Ciscaucasian localities. This might have ecological reasons.</p><p>Discussion. Bittium konkense Sokolov, 1899 from Kiyandy ravine (Figs 13M–N) differs from other specimens of this species in the more slender shells composed of more numerous whorls. Shells from this locality vary from morphs as illustrated in Sokolov (1899, pl. 4, fig. 28) and Iljina (1993, pl. 8, figs 17, 19) to shells, having 12 to 14 whorls and attaining up to 14 mm in height. The last whorls may be convex or flattened. Overall, B. konkense is highly variable in size and shape from various localities of the Eastern Paratethys. Typically, it is smaller at Caucasian localities than at Transcaspian localities and the type area.</p><p>This species was confused by Iljina (1993) with the extant B. reticulatum (da Costa 1778) and was originally established as subspecies of that species. Bittium konkense differs from B. reticulatum in its cancellate sculpture, the subobsolete varices, the more constricted base, and the prominent adapical peribasal spiral cord. Bittium grinzingense sp. nov. is reminiscent of B. konkense in its convex whorls but is more slender and has pricky beads. Bittium konkense is close to B. merklini sp. nov., which might be a possible ancestor. Bittium konkense differs in its convex adult whorls with poorly developed varix only close to the aperture, whereas Bittium merklini has comparatively straight-sided whorls and two well developed varices on the last three whorls.</p><p>Bandel (2006) illustrated a juvenile shell as Bittium moesiense Jekelius, 1944 from Bulganak (Crimea), probable meaning Bulganak Bay, without stratigraphic information. This specimen has a broad subsutural ramp and only two spiral cords on the fourth teleoconch whorl and therefore is not conspecific with Bittium moesiense / konkense . The specimen might rather represent the early Chokrakian Bittium orientale (Andrussow, 1911) .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine foreshore based on sedimentology and associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Latest Badenian and Volhynian of the Central Paratethys Sea, and late Konkian (Middle Miocene) of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Late Konkian (Middle Miocene): Black Sea Lowland: Yul’ivka (Zaporizhzhia Region, Ukraine) (Sokolov 1899). Ciscaucasia: Chumnaya and Vertepnaya gullies (Adygea), Pivol’nyi (= so named Mount Dubrovaya) (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Saberno (= Papynrkhua) (Abkhazia), Agara, ravine Natsvaltskhali (near Mount Saryyal), Tbilisi (ravine Khevdzmari, district Gldani) (Georgia); Transcaspian Region: Aksengir Mountain, to west of saline Karatuley, ravine Kiyandy, well Molakuduk, place Mynsualmas (Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan) (Zghenti 1958; Iljina 1993; hoc opus).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (hoc opus). Sarmatian (Volhynian): Transylvanian Basin: Soceni (Romania) (Jekelius 1944).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE352CDC39FF548237F324FC0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3511DC3BFF548402F32AFBFC.text	211887DE3511DC3BFF548402F32AFBFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium krenni Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium krenni sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 14A–D</p><p>Cerithium scabrum Olivi— Hörnes 1855: 410 (pars) [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi 1792)]. Bittium reticulatum da Costa — Friedberg 1914: 302, pl. 18, fig. 11 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium reticulatum Costa, 1779— Strausz 1955: 76, 201, pl. 9, figs 164, 166 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium reticulatum ex. gr. ssp. reticulatum (Da Costa)— Seneš 1955: 96, pl. 9, figs 1–7 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa,</p><p>1778)]. Bittium reticulatum Costa — Strausz 1962: 35, pl. 6, fig. 20 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium reticulatum Costa, 1779— Strausz 1966: 140, pl. 6, fig. 20 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium (Bittium) spina (Partsch) — Rado 1971: 177, pl. 3, figs 71, 75, 77, 87 [non Argyropeza spina (Hörnes, 1855)]. Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa, 1779)— Turek &amp; Hladilová 2019: 62, fig. 4/1 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa,</p><p>1778)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 2023 /0043/0008, SL: 6.7 mm, MD: 2.0 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 14A . Paratype, NHMW 2023 /0043/0009 SL: 7.3 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 14B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023 /0043/0010, SL: 5.0 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 14C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023 /0043/0011, SL: 4.2 mm, MD: 1.6 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 14D 1 –D 2 .</p><p>Additional material. 2100 spec., 1867/0019/0192, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania); 1230 spec., NHMW 2018/024870179, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania).</p><p>Type locality. Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early/middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Martin Krenn, head of the Archive for the History of Science at the NHMW.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, slender conical shell with paucispiral protoconch of a single convex whorl, prominent varices developed along last five teleoconch whorls, and characteristic sculpture of small, rounded tubercles on spiral cords, which increase in number during ontogeny from three to five by subsequent intercalation of spiral cords between adapical two cords.</p><p>Description. Small, slender conical shell of ten teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 7.3 mm in height; apical angle ~22–27°. Paucispiral protoconch of one smooth, convex whorl (dp = ~180 μm). Early teleoconch whorls low, initially with two prominent, raised, beaded spiral cords. On second whorl third cord appears below suture, rapidly strengthening abapically to be equal in strength to other cords. Second to fourth teleoconch whorl with three spiral cords overriding axial ribs separated by interspace of about equal width. Intersections with small, prominent, rounded tubercles. Fourth spiral cord intercalated between adapical two spirals on fifth teleoconch whorl. Fifth spiral cord appears on last two whorls, again intercalated between adapical two cords: all cords with small tubercles at intersections. Whorl profile of early spire whorls straight sided, becoming weakly convex with periphery in abapical third on last three whorls. Suture deeply incised. Strong varices appear around fifth teleoconch whorl (2–3 varices per whorl). Varices roughly axially arranged across teleoconch with variable offset. Last whorl attaining about 40% of total height. Transition into strongly constricted convex base with two prominent peribasal spiral cords; three further cords over fasciole. Aperture ovoid. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short, wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is unique with the Paratethyan Bittiinae in the mode of formation of its spiral cords; two cords at the teleoconch boundary, next cord appearing just below the suture on the second teleoconch whorl, but subsequent two cords intercalated between primaries 1 and 2. All cords rapidly strengthening to become subequal. This results in sculpture of close set, but prominent, cords with small, rounded tubercles developed at intersections on all cords. In addition, the strong varices cause a somewhat irregular shape. Fully grown specimens are exceptionally rare and most available specimens are juveniles lacking the last two whorls. All shells in the literature, treated here as Bittium krenni sp. nov. are also subadult or fragmented specimens. This might have been the reason why B. krenni was overlooked so far. This species was confused with Bittium reticulatum (da Costa 1778), which differs distinctly in its more regular sculpture of larger beads and has only four spiral cords. Moreover, B. reticulatum has a multispiral protoconch. Bittium tani sp. nov., with which Bittium krenni was mixed in the collections of the NHMW, is much larger, has straight sided whorls and bears four tubercular spiral cords. Spire fragments of Bittium krenni are reminiscent of Bittium pingue Landau, Ceulemans &amp; Van Dingenen, 2018, from the Tortonian of France), which is larger, has more rounded tubercles, and weaker varices (see Landau et al. 2018: pl. 9).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Bittium krenni is documented from various localities of the middle and late Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea. This species was confused with Bittium tani sp. nov. Therefore, it is difficult to reconstruct its distribution from literature data.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zboriv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914); Vienna Basin: Mušlov (Czechia) (Turek &amp; Hladilová 2019); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Varhaňovce (Slovakia) (Seneš 1955); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania); Beiuş Basin: Valeo Stracoş (Romania) (Rado 1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3511DC3BFF548402F32AFBFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3513DC3AFF548493F264F828.text	211887DE3513DC3AFF548493F264F828.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium merklini Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium merklini sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 15A–E</p><p>Type material. Holotype PIN 5904 /20, SL: 5.4 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), Figs 15B 1 –B 4 . Paratypes: PIN 5904 /19, SL: 5.6 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), Figs 15A 1 –A 2 . PIN 5904 /21, SL: 6.2 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), Fig. 15C . PIN 5904 /22, SL: 8.9 mm, MD: 2.6 mm, Lanivtsi (Ukraine), Figs 15D 1 –D 2 . PIN 5904 /23, SL: 5.5 mm, MD: 2 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), Figs 15E 1 –E 2. All from late Badenian, Middle Miocene .</p><p>Type locality. Varivtsi (Ukraine), Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Shelly sands.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, late Badenian.</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Roman L. Merklin, explorer of Neogene stratigraphy and bivalves of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small or medium-sized, slender conical shell, with deeply incised suture, protoconch of 2.5 whorls with sinusigera, teleoconch whorls with four tuberculate spiral cords, changing from conical to subcylindrical during ontogeny, with varices on late whorls.</p><p>Description. Small or medium-sized, slender conical shell of 10–12 teleoconch whorls, attaining 6–9 mm in height, apical angle ~27–33°. Protoconch of 2.5 rounded whorls, with suprasutural thread and probably with wide-spaced microscopic pustules above. Protoconch with sinusigera (dp = 240–270 μm). Early teleoconch whorls convex, later whorls weakly convex to nearly straight-sided, separated by deeply incised suture. First nine whorls form conical teleoconch passing into subcylindrical outline, resulting in slender bullet-shaped outline. Sculpture of three primary cords, suprasutural cord largely obscured by next whorl. Two or three secondary spiral cords with pointed tubercles appear below suture: first secondary cord on second or third whorl, second secondary cord appears on seventh or eighth whorls, third cord may appear on tenth whorl. Second and third secondary spiral cords appear abapically to first secondary cord. Spiral cords almost equally spaced, crossed by 13–15 axial ribs bearing pointed tubercles. Microsculpture of numerous rows of tiny close-set pustules in spiral interspaces; numerous tiny pits over cords. Varices well developed, appearing from tenth whorl. Subsequent whorls with two varices per whorl, almost opposite each other. Last whorl about 35% of total height. Base strongly constricted, with two prominent peribasal cords and two or three thinner cords over fasciole. Aperture ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short and wide.</p><p>Discussion. Only one shell seems to be a fully grown, adult specimen (Figs 15D 1 –D 2), showing a characteristic bullet-shaped outline. This is confirmed by rare shells with teleoconchs of more than ten whorls, which show a comparable change in outline and sculpture transformation. This species is most close to Bittium praescabrum sp. nov. (late Badenian) and B. konkense Sokolov, 1899 (late Konkian), from which it differs in the flattish last two teleoconch whorls with two varices per whorl. It differs from Bittium praescabrum also in the late appearance of varices.</p><p>Distribution. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Central Paratethys.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Ripyntsi, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Lanivtsi, Shushkivtsi (Ternopil Region), Plugiv (Lviv Region, Ukraine) (hoc opus) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3513DC3AFF548493F264F828	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3515DC3CFF548083F552FDF4.text	211887DE3515DC3CFF548083F552FDF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium nabokovorum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium nabokovorum Guzhov nom. nov.</p><p>Figs 16A–E</p><p>* Bittium binodulosum Guzhov, sp. nov. — Guzhov 2022: 25, text-fig. 5, pl. 5, figs 17–19 [non Bittium binodulosum Yokoyama, 1920].</p><p>Type material. Holotype PIN 5794 /74, SL: 5.3 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Figs 16A 1 –A 3 . Paratypes: PIN 5794 /75, SL: 5.5 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Figs 16B 1 –B 2 . PIN 5794 /79, SL: 6.0 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Fig. 16C . PIN 5904 /17, Fig. 16D . PIN 5904 /18, Fig. 16E. All specimens from Belaya River (Russia), Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian .</p><p>Description. Small, slender conical shell of seven teleoconch whorls, attaining 5.0–6.0 mm in height, apical angle ~27–33°. Protoconch of 2.5 rounded whorls, with sinusigera (dp = ~270 μm), covered by microscopic pustules arranged in spiral rows or irregular. Whorls bicarinate, markedly angled slightly below mid-whorl, with broad, sloping, slightly concave subsutural ramp. Periphery coinciding with adapical primary cord at angulation. Second primary cord slightly weaker. Third narrow spiral cord at abapical suture partially obscured by subsequent whorl. Secondary spiral threads may occur on early teleoconch whorls. Upper two cords overrun 18–23 subobsolete ribs forming spinous tubercles at intersections and vaguely cancellate sculpture between spiral cords. Microsculpture of early teleoconch whorls of rows of tiny pustules in spiral interspaces, becoming obsolete during ontogeny. Last whorl attaining 47–50% of total height. Transition into conical base convex with two prominent peribasal cords and three close-spaced cords over fasciole.Aperture ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow thin rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short and wide.</p><p>Discussion. This species was recently established by Guzhov (2022) as Bittium binodulosum but the name is preoccupied by Yokoyama (1920) for a Pleistocene fossil from Japan. Therefore, Bittium nabokovorum nom. nov. is proposed herein as a replacement name in honor of the Eugeny Nabokov and Irina Nabokova, with whose help the study of Neogene strata in Adygea was possible.</p><p>Bittium nabokovorum might be an early Chokrakian descendent of the Tarkhanian-Chokrakian Bittium tschokrakense (Özsayar, 1977) during the early Chokrakian (Guzhov 2022). For a discussion on this species see Guzhov (2022).</p><p>Distribution. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene) of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Ordu (Sinop District) (hoc opus); Crimea: Chokrak Lake (Crimea); Ciscaucasia: Belaya River, ravine Semikolennyi (Adygea), Kutais, rocks Rubaily (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) (Guzhov 2022) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3515DC3CFF548083F552FDF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3514DC3EFF54829BF276FC48.text	211887DE3514DC3EFF54829BF276FC48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium orientale (Andrussow 1911)	<div><p>Bittium orientale (Andrussow, 1911)</p><p>Figs 17A–H</p><p>* Cerithium orientale sp. nov. — Andrussow 1911: 75, text-fig. 50, fig. 26.</p><p>Cerithium orientale Andr.— Uspenskaya 1927: 639, pl. 34, figs 24–27.</p><p>Cerithium orientalis [sic] Andrus.— Davidaschvili 1932: 39, pl. 4, figs 15–19.</p><p>Potamides orientalis [sic] Andrussov— Zhizhchenko 1936: 208, pl. 21, figs 6–10.</p><p>Potamides orientalis [sic] Andrussov— Strachimirov 1953: 70, pl. 16, figs 10–13.</p><p>Potamides orientalis [sic] Andrussov— Zhizhchenko 1959: 251, pl. 16, figs 7–12.</p><p>Potamides orientalis [sic] Andrussov 1911— Strachimirov 1960a: 286, pl. 59, figs 25–26.</p><p>Newtoniella dertobicarinata var. agibelica Zhizhchenko 1936 — Strachimirov 1960a: 287, pl. 59, figs 27–30 [non Zhizhchenko 1936]</p><p>Potamides orientalis [sic] (Andrussov, 1911)— Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 160, pl. 39, fig. 19.</p><p>Cerithium (?) orientale Andrussov, 1911 — Iljina 1993: 81, pl. 10, figs 13–15.</p><p>C. (?) orientale Andrussov— Iljina, 2004: 621 .</p><p>Bittium moesiense Jekelius, 1944 — Bandel 2006: 72, pl. 5, figs 7–8 [non Bittium moesiense Jekelius, 1944 (= Bittium konkense Sokolov, 1899)].</p><p>Cerithium orientale Andrussow— Guzhov 2015: 84 .</p><p>Cerithium orientale Andrussow, 1911 — Guzhov 2022: 1.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype TSNIGR 12 /11285, figured in Andrussow 1911: pl. 50, fig. 26; SL: 9.4 mm, MD: 4 mm, Cape Tarkhan (Crimea), Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian, Figs 17A 1 –A 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5904/36, SL: 11.2 mm, MD: 4.3 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Fig. 17B. PIN 5904/37, SL: 10.4 mm, MD: 3.8 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 17C 1 –C 2. PIN 5904/38, SL: 11.6 mm, MD: 4.4 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Fig. 17D. PIN 5904/39, SL: 13 mm, MD: 4.9 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 17E 1 –E 2. PIN 5904/40, SL: 7.7 mm, MD: 2.9 mm, Khadyzhensk (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 17F 1 –F 2. PIN 5904/41, SL: 9.1 mm, MD: 3.5 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 17G 1 –G 3. PIN 5904/42, Belaya River (Russia), Middle Miocene, lower Chokrakian, Figs H 1 –H 2.</p><p>Revised description. Large, moderately stocky, conical shell of up to ten teleoconch whorls, attaining 12 mm in height; apical angle 20–37°. Protoconch of two and half whorls terminating with sinusigera (dp = ~260 μm). Teleoconch whorl profile angled below mid-whorl, with very broad, often slightly concave subsutural ramp; weakly convex below. Suture becoming more superficial during ontogeny, almost linear. First teleoconch whorls with two spiral cords at mid-whorl, and third only partially visible cord at abapical suture. Secondary sculpture of single delicate subsutural cord appearing on second to third whorls, fading after three to four whorls. Subsequent teleoconch whorls with two prominent close-set spiral cords, the adapical cord placed near mid-whorl, bearing spirally elongated, weakly pointed tubercles at intersections with axial ribs. Axial ribs subobsolete, 9–12 per whorl, quickly weakening above and below beads. Microsculpture of very thin and dense spiral striae in spiral interspaces, often weakly tuberculate; spiral cords with numerous tiny pits. Last whorl low, convex, slightly angled on periphery, attaining 41–47% of total height. Base strongly constricted, convex, bearing two widely spaced peribasal cords; additional spiral cords on base varying from three regularly spaced, prominent cords to two to four thin spiral threads. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal weakly marked, narrow. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal very short and wide. Gerontic stage on last third of last whorl expressed by increasing number of close-set tubercular axial ribs.</p><p>Discussion. Bittium orientale (Andrussow, 1911) is characterized by its bicarinate outline. It was placed in Cerithium by most authors, but the character of protoconch and sculpture of the early teleoconch whorls suggests a relation with several endemic Bittium species of the Eastern Paratethys, such as early Chokrakian Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936), B. nabokovorum nom. nov., and the early Maeotian B. badzoshviliae sp. nov. Bittium orientale differs from B. agibelicum in its broader, generally larger shell and the narrower subsutural ramp; it differs from B. nabokovorum in its much larger and massive shell and scattered beads. Occasionally, specimens with three or four tuberculate spiral cords may occur. These cords form either as adapical secondary cord and/or when the suprasutural cord moves above the suture. A reworked shell with two adapical secondary cords from Khadyzhensk (Russia) (Fig. 17F) may represent an archaic specimen or an ancestor of B. orientale .</p><p>Bandel (2006) illustrated a juvenile specimen with well-preserved protoconch as Bittium moesiense Jekelius, 1944 from Bulganak (Crimea) without stratigraphic information. Most probably, he referred to Gulf Bulganak, which is known for the Chokrakian sections Malyi Kamyshlak and Skelya. The early teleoconch features agree with those of B. orientale .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Early Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Bulgaria: Samotino, Varna (Strachimirov 1960a); Crimea: Lake Chokrak, Malyi Kamyshlak, Skelya, Mramornaya gully (Sevastopol), Cape Tarkhan, Yuzmyak, Cape Zyuk (Zhizhchenko 1936, hoc opus); Ciscaucasia: Belaya River (= Tul’skii), ravine Semikolennyi (Adygea), Khadyzhensk, Novourupskii, rocks Rubaily (Krasnodar Krai), Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai, Russia) (Iljina 1993; hoc opus); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali, Gorisa, Kvezani (Georgia), Ajivan Mountain Ridge (Azerbaijan) (Iljina 1993); Transcaspian Region: Balniyaz, well Belek, Geokoba Mountain Ridge (Turkmenistan) (Iljina 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3514DC3EFF54829BF276FC48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3516DC31FF5483C7F21BF9DD.text	211887DE3516DC31FF5483C7F21BF9DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium praescabrum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium praescabrum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 18A–D</p><p>Cerithium scabrum Olivi— Hörnes 1855 (pars): 410, pl. 42, fig. 17 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype NHMW 2023 /0040/0011, SL: 4.8 mm, MD: 1.5 mm, Figs 18A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes: NHMW 2023 /0040/0012, SL: 5.6 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, Fig. 18B . NHMW 2023 /0040/0013, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 1.4 mm, Fig. 18C . NHMW 2023 /0040/0014, SL: 5.3 mm, MD: 1.6 mm, Fig. 18D. All Steinebrunn (Austria), middle Badenian, Middle Miocene .</p><p>Additional paratypes. 1 spec., NHMW 2023 /0040/0015, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855 (pars): 410, pl. 42, figs 17a–b). 9089 spec., NHMW1855 /0002/0091, Steinebrunn (Austria) .</p><p>Type locality. Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Silt sand of the Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Prae - Latin for ‘before’, and scabrum referring to Bittium scabrum Olivi, 1792, with which this species was confused by Hörnes (1855).</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, slender conical shell with multispiral protoconch of three convex whorls, moderately convex teleoconch whorls, sculpture of four spiral cords with prominent tubercles at intersections overrunning weaker axial ribs, two strongly raised peribasal spiral cords overhanging profile of concave base.</p><p>Description. Small, slender conical shell of up to nine teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 6 mm in height; apical angle ~30°. Broad conical protoconch of three convex whorls terminating in sinusigera (dp = 260 μm). Last protoconch whorl with mid-whorl angulation and two faint spiral threads below angulation. First teleoconch whorl with broad subsutural ramp, two spiral cords, angulated at upper cord delimiting shoulder, indistinct axial ribs, small tubercles developed at intersections. On second whorl, third cord appears over subsutural ramp, rapidly becoming equal in strength. Fourth spiral cord over ramp on fourth teleoconch whorl; all cords overrun weak ribs forming small tubercles at intersections. Fifth, narrow spiral cord at abapical suture partly covered by subsequent whorls on last four whorls. Narrow spiral thread may be intercalated between adapical two cords on last two teleoconch whorls in some specimens. Whorl profile moderately convex with periphery slightly below mid-whorl. Suture linear, deeply incised. Axial ribs weakening further on late teleoconch whorls resulting in even more prominent spiral sculpture. Varices becoming more prominent on last three whorls causing slightly irregular outline. Last whorl weakly convex attaining ~40% of total height. Transition into base angulated with pair of strongly raised peribasal spiral cords, overhanging concave base, three further strong cords on fasciole. Aperture ovate, not very wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus indistinct. Anal canal, outer lip and siphonal canal not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Bittium praescabrum sp. nov. is characterized by its small shell, slender outline and the convex, somewhat irregular whorls. It occurs at Steinebrunn along with Bittium tani sp. nov. Both species are found in huge numbers and have been lumped by Hörnes (1855) in ‘ Bittium reticulatum ’. Both, Bittium reticulatum and Bittium tani differ from Bittium praescabrum quite distinctly in their larger size and straight sided whorls. In addition, the two very strong peribasal spiral cords overhanging the concave base distinguish Bittium preascabrum from all other Paratethyan Bittium species.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic with sea grass cover (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3516DC31FF5483C7F21BF9DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3519DC32FF548672F4F4FF1C.text	211887DE3519DC32FF548672F4F4FF1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium tani Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium tani sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 19A–D</p><p>Cerithium scabrum Olivi— Hörnes 1855: 410 (pars), pl. 42, fig. 16 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792); non fig. 17 = Bittium praescabrum sp. nov.].</p><p>Cerithium scabrum —Quenstedt 1884: 505, pl. 204, fig. 113 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum da Costa — Friedberg 1914: 302, pl. 18, fig. 10 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778); non fig. 11 = Bittium krenni sp. nov.].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa)— Sieber 1937: 489, pl. 25, figs A1, A3 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum Costa, 1779— Strausz 1955: 76, 201, pl. 9, figs 154–157, 159–160, 174 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum Costa — Strausz 1962: 35, pl. 6, figs 19, 21 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum Costa, 1779— Strausz 1966: 140, pl. 6, figs 19, 21 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium reticulatum Costa, 1778 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 163, pl. 40, fig. 5 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) deforme Eichwald— Atanacković 1969: 197, pl. 8, figs 21–22 [non Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1829)]</p><p>? Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa)— Atanacković 1969: 197, pl. 8, figs 23–24 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Cerithium plicatum Brug.—Rado &amp; Muţui 1970: 145, pl. 5, figs 1–2 [non Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (Costa)— Bohn-Havas 1973: 1046, pl. 4, fig. 6 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (Da Costa)— Lubenescu 1973: 123, pl. 1, fig. 7.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa, 1779)— Bałuk 1975: 140, pl. 16, figs 10–15 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (Costa, 1778)— Švagrovský 1981: 136, pl. 41, figs 1–5 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa, 1977 [sic])— Atanacković 1985: 104, pl. 24, figs 20–21 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (Da Costa, 1779)— Popa &amp; Ianoliu 2000: 85, pl. 3, fig. 1 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (Da Costa, 1779)—Harzhauser 2002: 72, pl. 2, fig. 9 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>non Bittium reticulatum Da Costa — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 21, pl. 3, fig. 8 [non Bittium]. non Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa)— Švagrovský 1954: 28, pl. 5, figs 7, 10–15 [= Potamididae]. non Bittium reticulatum Costa — Strausz 1954: 58, 97, pl. 2, fig. 28 [? = Potamididae]. non Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum da Costa — Švagrovský 1960: 83, pl. 8, fig. 12 [= Cerithiinae]. non Bittium reticulatum da Costa — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 21 [= Bittium grinzingense sp. nov.]. non Bittium reticulatum Costa, 1779— Nicorici 1974: 107, pl. 3, figs 22–23 [= Cerithiopsidae]. non Bittium reticulatum (Costa)— Iljina et al. 1976: 88, pl. 25, figs 11–18 [= Bittium bosphoranum (Andrussow, 1890)]. non Bittium reticulatum (Costa)— Badzoshvili 1979: 83, pl. 19, figs 9–14, pl. 20, fig. 1 [= Bittium bosphoranum (Andrussow,</p><p>1890)]. non Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (Costa, 1778)— Iljina 1993: 67, pl. 8, figs 6–9 [figs 6–7 = Bittium tschokrakense Özsayar,</p><p>1977; figs 8–9 = Bittium konkense Sokolov, 1899]. non Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (da Costa, 1779)— Turek &amp; Hladilová 2019: 62, fig. 4/1 [= Bittium krenni sp. nov.]. non Bittium reticulatum (Costa, 1779)— Švagrovský 1982: 20, pl. 8, fig. 1 [= Bittium grinzingense sp. nov.].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 /0037/0361, SL: 11.1 mm, MD: 3.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (18555: pl. 41, figs 16a–b), Figs 19A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes: NHMW 1846 /0037/0362a, SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 3.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 19B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 1846 /0037/0362b, SL: 8.2 mm, MD: 2.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 19C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 1846 /0037/0362c, SL: 9.0 mm, MD: 2.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 19D. All middle Badenian, Middle Miocene .</p><p>Additional material. 10.450 spec., NHMW 1884 /0037/2970, Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin .</p><p>Type locality. Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silt and sand of the Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the monogram T.A.N. of Thomas Alan Neubauer (Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology, Munich), in recognition of his contributions to Tertiary freshwater malacology.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, slender conical shell, teleoconch whorls subcylindrical with four spiral cords bearing prominent, close-set beads. Fourth spiral cord intercalated between adapical and mid-whorl cord around eighth teleoconch whorl, giving cords crowded appearance.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, slender conical shell of up to 12 teleoconch whorls, with faintly cyrtoconoid early spire, attaining ~ 8–11 mm in height; apical angle 25–27°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls with narrow subsutural ramp and two prominent spiral cords. Axial ribs most prominent over subsutural ramp, forming weak tubercles at intersections with spiral cords. Second to fourth whorls convex; third beaded spiral cord develops on subsutural ramp. Sculpture of close-set spiral cords forming rounded tubercles at intersections. Tubercles aligned axially obliquely, without forming axial ribs. Later teleoconch whorls straight sided, subcylindrical. Fourth spiral cord squeezed in between adapical and mid-whorl cord around eighth whorl, strengthening abapically to become equal to other cords. Abapically tubercles more close-set giving cords beaded appearance. Weaker spiral cord at abapical suture on last two whorls. Suture narrow, deeply incised. Occasional weak varices on spire whorls and prominent varix on last whorl. Last whorl strongly constricted, attaining 33–35% of total height. Base with two prominent peribasal spiral cords, upper one faintly beaded, and three cords over fasciole.Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, moderately broad rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately wide, short, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. Bittium tani sp. nov. is characterized by its slender outline, subcylindrical whorls and the fourth spiral cord, which is squeezed in between the adapical and mid-whorl spiral cords around the eighth and tenth teleoconch whorls. This species was frequently confused in the literature with the extant Mediterranean Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778). The Paratethyan species, however, differs distinctly from B. reticulatum by its more close-set beads, the characteristic narrow fourth spiral cord, and the subcylindrical whorls. Moreover, the beads of B. tani are not axially arranged as in B. reticulatum, but oblique, and its base is more constricted. Several authors mixed B. tani with Bittium krenni sp. nov., but they are clearly distinguished by the more convex whorls of B. krenni . In addition, B. krenni develops the fourth spiral cord at an earlier stage of growth and a fifth cord on the last whorls. Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1829), from the late Badenian of the Ukrainian-Polish Fore Carpathian Basin, is very similar in outline and size, but differs in its strong varices, deeper suture and the presence of three tubercular primary spiral cords, the tubercles far more widely spaced than beads in B. tani . Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1934), from the Chokrakian of Crimea, is more conical, less slender and the two spiral cords of beads on the subsutural ramp develop nearly synchronously.</p><p>‘ Bittium reticulatum ’ was described from the Maeotian (Late Miocene) of Georgia and Crimea by Iljina et al. (1976) and Badzoshvili (1979), but these specimens differ from B. reticulatum and B. tani in their convex whorls and marked varices and represent Bittium bosphoranum (Andrussow, 1890) . The convex whorls and the cancellate sculpture distinguish also the Tarkhanian specimens from Russia described by Iljina (1993) as B. reticulatum from this species and from B. tani .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The species occurs in enormous masses at Steinebrunn, which suggests a preference for inner neritic environments with sea grass meadows (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Widespread in the Central Paratethys from the Karpatian (Early Miocene) to the late Badenian (Middle Miocene). Literature based occurrences without illustrations will need confirmation due to the confusion with other species.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Stetten (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zboriv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975); Vienna Basin: Baden-Sooss, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Pötzleinsdorf, Steinebrunn, Vienna /Grinzing, Vienna /Nussdorf (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Devínska Nova Ves (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1981); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Creek Jazovac, Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1969); Haţeg Basin: Răchitova (Romania) (Popa &amp; Ianoliu 2000). Transylvanian Basin: Sebeş Alba (Romania) (Lubenescu 1973). Dacian Basin: Islaz (Romania) (Rado &amp; Muţui 1970).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3519DC32FF548672F4F4FF1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE351ADC32FF548133F38EF850.text	211887DE351ADC32FF548133F38EF850.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium rossicum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium rossicum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 20A–G</p><p>Cerithium (Bittium) scabrum Olivi— Mikhailovsky 1903: 51, pl. 3, figs 19–22 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum deforme — Özsayar, 1977: 61, pl. 10, fig. 1 [non Bittium deforme (Eichwald, 1829)].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) reticulatum (Costa, 1778)— Iljina 1993: 67, pl. 8, figs 6–7 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Bittium scabrum (Olivi) —Barg &amp; Stepanyak 2005: 151, pl. 14, figs 7–8 [non Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792)].</p><p>Bittium reticulatum reticulatum (Costa, 1778)— Guzhov 2022: pl. 3, figs 10–15, pl. 4, figs 2–6 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype: PIN 5794 /38, SL: 5.7 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Shirvanskaya (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene, Figs 20B 1 –B 3 . Paratypes: PIN 5904 /15, SL: 7.4 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Shirvanskaya (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 20A . PIN 5794 /41, SL: 4.8 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Shirvanskaya (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 20C . PIN 5794 /42, SL: 5.3 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Kutais (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 20D . PIN 5794 /49, SL: 4.8 mm, MD: 2 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 20E 1 –E 2 . PIN 5794 /48, SL: 5.8 mm, MD: 2.5 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 20F 1 –F 3 . PIN 5904 / 16, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 20G .</p><p>Type locality. Shirvanskaya (Russia) .</p><p>Type stratum. Aleuritic clays.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to Russia.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, moderately stocky shell with low conical protoconch of 2.5 convex whorls, seven to nine teleoconch whorls, sculpture of four spiral cords with small tubercles, axial sculpture strongly reduced, without varices.</p><p>Description. Small, moderately stocky shell of seven to nine teleoconch whorls, attaining 6–7 mm in height; apical angle 30–36°. Protoconch low conical of 2.5 convex, probably smooth whorls, terminating in sinusigera (dp = 280 μm). Early teleoconch whorls bicarinate, angled; later teleoconch whorls regularly convex. Suture moderately incised, linear.First teleoconch whorl with two prominent spiral cords placed mid-whorl, partially visible suprasutural cord. First secondary spiral cord appears below suture on second teleoconch whorl and quickly becomes equal in strength to primary cords. Second secondary cord appears below first secondary, strongly variable in appearance. Late teleoconch whorls convex, with four subequal, evenly spaced, tuberculate to almost beaded spiral cords. Axial sculpture more prominent on early and mid-spire whorls, weakening to subobsolete and more numerous on last two whorls; 17–21 axial ribs on penultimate whorl. Last whorl convex, slightly inflated, attaining 40–47% of total height. Varices absent. Transition into base convex with two moderately weak, widely spaced peribasal cords and about four even weaker cords over base and fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim, Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal very short, wide.</p><p>Discussion. The variability of this subspecies was discussed in detail by Guzhov (2022) (as Bittium reticulatum reticulatum). Bittium rossicum differs from B. tschokrakense (Özsayar, 1977) mainly in its evenly convex whorls due to more frequent spiral cords, four equal spiral cords, and less prominent and smaller tubercles.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic (Guzhov 2022).</p><p>Distribution. Tarkhanian and early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene) of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Turkey:Arabadurağı (Sinop District) (Guzhov 2022); Black Sea Lowland: Kam’yanka, Tomakivka (Dnipropetrovsk Region, Ukraine) (Barg &amp; Stepanyak 2005); Ciscaucasia: Damanka, Khadyzhensk, Kutais, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) (Guzhov 2022).</p><p>Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Belaya River (Adygea), Khadyzhensk, Kutais, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai), Novo-Kuvinsk (Karachay-Cherkessia), Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali (Georgia); Transcaspian Region: southern Mangyshlak (Kazakhstan) (Guzhov 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE351ADC32FF548133F38EF850	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE351DDC37FF54868DF6B2F9D2.text	211887DE351DDC37FF54868DF6B2F9D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium tschokrakense (Ozsayar 1977)	<div><p>Bittium tschokrakense (Özsayar, 1977)</p><p>Figs 21A–F</p><p>* Bittium reticulatum tschokrakense — Özsayar, 1977: 62, pl. 10, figs 2–3.</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) kamyshlakense L. Iljina, sp. nov. — Iljina 1993: 67 (pars), pl. 8, figs 10–11 [non fig. 12 = Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936)].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) kamyshlakense L. Il’ina sp. nov.— Iljina 1994: 35 (pars), pl. fig. 7 [non fig. 8 = Bittium agibelicum (Zhizhchenko, 1936)].</p><p>Bittium kamyshlakense L. Ilyina— Goncharova et al. 2014: 251 .</p><p>Bittium kamyshlakense L. Iljina— Guzhov 2015: 84 .</p><p>Bittium reticulatum tschokrakense Özsayar, 1977 — Guzhov 2022: pl. 4, figs 7–8, 11–12, pl. 5. figs 1–6.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, specimen illustrated in Özsayar (1977: pl. 10, fig. 2), stored in the Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölüm, Trabzon (Turkey); Demirciköy, Sinop (Turkey), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 4450 /172, SL: 4 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, holotype of Bittium kamyshlakense Iljina, 1993, Malyi Kamyshlak ( Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 21F. PIN 5794 /59, SL: 3.8 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, Malyi Kamyshlak ( Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 21A . PIN 5794 /60, SL: 4.2 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, Malyi Kamyshlak ( Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 21B . PIN 5794 /61, SL: 4 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, Malyi Kamyshlak ( Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 21C 1 –C 2 . PIN 5794 /62, SL: 3.9 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, Malyi Kamyshlak ( Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 21D . PIN 5794 /52, SL: 3.9 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, Semikolennyi (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 21E 1 –E 2 .</p><p>Revised description. Small, stocky shell of about eight teleoconch whorls, attaining 5–6 mm in height; apical angle 31–37°. Protoconch of 2.5 smooth convex whorls, terminating in sinusigera (dp = 250 μm). Early teleoconch whorls bicarinate, angled, later whorls with broad subsutural ramp, distinct angulation, moderately convex below. Suture moderately incised, linear. First teleoconch whorl with two prominent spiral cords placed mid-whorl and partially visible suprasutural cord. Later whorls with large, rounded tubercles on spiral cords. Tubercles become denser and smaller on last whorl or become subobsolete. Presence and appearance of secondary spiral sculpture variable, always adapically to primary cords; typically, with subsutural thread. Last whorl convex, strongly constricted, attaining 46–51% of total height. Base with two prominent, widely spaced peribasal cords, two weaker cords over base and three over fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal very short, wide.</p><p>Paratethyan synonyms. Bittium (Bittium) kamyshlakense Iljina, 1993; holotype PIN 4450 /172, Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, early Chokrakian, Crimea.</p><p>Discussion. The type specimens are poorly preserved, abraded shells. Iljina (1993) had much better-preserved material from the Chokrakian of Crimea at hand, which she described as Bittium kamyshlakense Iljina, 1993 . As shown by Guzhov (2022), these specimens are conspecific with Bittium tschokrakense (Özsayar, 1977) and already Goncharova et al. (2014) treated both species as synonyms but used Bittium kamyshlakense as name, although this is a subjective junior synonym.</p><p>Bittium rossicum sp. nov. occurred in the Tarkanian and earliest Chokrakian, whereas Bittium tschokrakense was restricted to a short phase in the middle early Chokrakian. Morphologically, Bittium tschokrakense is intermediate between Bittium rossicum sp. nov. and B. nabokovorum nom. nov. Thus, Bittium tschokrakense seems to be a shortlived anagenetic transition between Bittium rossicum sp. nov. and Bittium nabokovorum nom. nov., from which it differs in its larger tubercles, and the tuberculate spiral cord on the subsutural ramp, and the usually smaller size.</p><p>Miocene specimens from the Eastern Paratethys treated herein as Bittium tschokrakense have been identified as the extant Bittium reticulatum by Iljina (1993) and Guzhov (2022) and especially slender specimens are indeed strikingly similar to that variable species. Despite the convergent morphologies of some specimens, we think that the Miocene shells are not conspecific with the extant species. Shells of modern Bittium reticulatum (Da Costa, 1778) are generally larger, typically attaining ~ 7–10 mm in height, whereas Bittium tschokrakense ranges around 5– 6 mm and Bittium rossicum ranges around 5–7 mm (exceptionally large specimens, however, may attain up to 8 mm (Guzhov 2022: 21). Generally, B. reticulatum is also more slender, the suture is more incised, and the last whorl is generally more constricted, resulting in a slightly angulated transition from periphery into base. In B. tschokrakense, the last whorl and the transition into the base are convex and the peribasal cords are much weaker. The tubercles of B. reticulatum are generally larger, more close set and it develops varices, which are absent in B. tschokrakense .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.</p><p>Distribution. Early Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Cape Carta, Demirciköy (Sinop District) (Özsayar 1977; Goncharova et al. 2014); Crimea: Malyi Kamyshlak, Cape Tarkhan, Yuzmyak, Cape Zyuk (Guzhov 2022); Ciscaucasia: Belaya River, ravine Semikolennyi (Adygea, Russia) (Guzhov 2022); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali (Georgia) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE351DDC37FF54868DF6B2F9D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE351FDC29FF54864BF343FAF8.text	211887DE351FDC29FF54864BF343FAF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium tulskajense L. Iljina 1993	<div><p>Bittium tulskajense Iljina, 1993</p><p>Figs 22A–J</p><p>Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko— Zhizhchenko 1936: pl. 20, fig. 18 [non Bittium digitatum Zhizhchenko, 1934].</p><p>? Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) bulgarica sp. nov. — Manolov 1960: 304, pl. 2, figs 10–20.</p><p>Sandbergeria (?) sp.— Özsayar 1977: 62, pl. 10, fig. 4.</p><p>* Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum tulskajense L. Iljina, subsp. nov. — Iljina 1993: 69, pl. 8, figs 22–25.</p><p>Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum tulskajense L. Il’jina, subsp. nov.— Iljina 1994: 36, pl. 1, fig. 9.</p><p>Bittium multiliratum tulskajense L. Ilyina— Goncharova et al. 2014: 251, pl. 4, fig. 10.</p><p>Bittium multiliratum tulskajense Iljina, 1993 — Ilgar 2015: 69, text fig. 5(A), fig. 16.</p><p>Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)— Ilgar 2015: 69, text fig. 5(A), fig. 34 [non Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)]. Bittium multiliratum tulskajense L. Iljina— Guzhov 2015: 84 .</p><p>Bittium tulskajense L. Iljina, 1993 — Guzhov 2022: 12, pl. 1, figs 1–14, pl. 2, figs 1–11, pl. 3, figs 6–8.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, PIN 4450 /184, SL: 7 mm, 2.6 MD: mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 22C 1 –C 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5794 /1, SL: 6.1 mm, MD: 2 mm, Shirvanskaya (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 22A . PIN 5794 /7, SL: 5.8 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Kutais (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 22B . PIN 5794 /10, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, Shirvanskaya (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 22D 1 –D 2 . PIN 5794 /16, SL: 8 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 22E . PIN 5794 /14, SL: 10.9 mm, MD: 3.4 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 22F. PIN 5794 /20, SL: 8.6 mm, MD: 2.7 mm, Mount Bryk (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 22G . PIN 5794 / 12, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 22H 1 –H 2 . PIN 5794 /18, SL: 7.6 mm, MD: 2.4 mm, Otradnaya (Russia), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 22I . PIN 5794 /37, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, Malyi Kamyshlak (Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 22J .</p><p>Revised description. Small to medium sized, slender conical shell of up to 12 teleoconch whorls, attaining 11–13 mm in height; apical angle 19–25°. Protoconch of 2.5 convex and probably smooth whorls, terminating in sinusigera (dp = 270 μm). Early teleoconch whorls bicarinate, convex; later whorls straight-sided, occasionally with weak angulation slightly above abapical suture. Suture shallow, narrowly incised. Beginning of first teleoconch whorl with two spiral cords placed mid-whorl and partly visible suprasutural cord. First secondary cord appears just below suture at end of same whorl. Second secondary cord appears below first secondary on third whorl. Later, secondary cords appear between these secondary and two upper primary cords. Axial sculpture subobsolete, represented in some specimens by indistinct swellings over ribs, its appearance strongly varies among intraspecific morphs. Later whorls weakly convex to nearly straight-sided with 6–9 weak, flattened primary and secondary spiral cords and threads separated by narrower to broader interspaces depending on number of spiral cords. Weak varices may developed on two last whorls. Last whorl weakly convex or rarely with faint peribasal angulation, moderately constricted, attaining 35–42% of total height, with rarely developed varices. Base with two widely spaced peribasal cords, not strengthened, four or five further cords over base and fasciole.Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin with shallowly sigmoidal margin in lateral view. Siphonal canal very short and wide.</p><p>Synonyms. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) bulgarica Manolov, 1960, from the Chokrakian of Bulgaria, might be the same species. In this case Bittium bulgaricum (Manolov, 1960) would have priority over Bittium tulskajense Iljina, 1993 . Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) bulgarica is reminiscent of shells described by Guzhov (2022) as shortlived ecological morph ‘ pseudodigitatum ’ of Bittium tulskajense . The whereabouts of the type material of Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) bulgarica Manolov, 1960 is unknown and the illustrations do not illustrate the protoconch, which would be crucial for the placement in Turbonilla . Therefore, we refrain from synonymizing both species for now until new material of Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) bulgarica becomes available.</p><p>Discussion. The variability of this species and its morphological evolution was discussed in detail by Guzhov (2022: 12). Bittium tulskajense Iljina, 1993 was established as subspecies of the coeval Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877 [= Bittium turritella (Eichwald, 1851)], which occurred in the Central Paratethys Sea. It differs from B. turritella in its more slender, more conical spire, the faintly angulated last whorl, the less incised suture and the weaker but more numerous flattened spiral cords that are not as clearly delimited as in B. turritella .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Tarkhanian and early Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Arabadurağı (Sinop District); Ciscaucasia: Damanka, Khadyzhensk, Kutais, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Naguru (Georgia) (Guzhov 2022). Early Chokrakian: Turkey: Cape Bayram, Cape Carta (location named as Carta-Burnu in Goncharova et al. 2014), Cape Bayram, Ordu (Sinop District) (hoc opus); Crimea: Bondarenkovo, Lake Chokrak, Malyi Kamyshlak, Skelya, Yuzmyak, Cape Zyuk; Ciscaucasia: Belaya, Fars and Kurdzhips rivers, Semikolennyi (Adygea), Novo-Kuvinsk (Karachay-Cherkessia), Otradnaya, Khadyzhensk, Kutais, Rubaily, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai), Mount Bryk, Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali (Georgia); Transcaspian Region: Chelyungkyr Plateau (Turkmenistan) (Goncharova et al. 2014; Guzhov 2022; hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE351FDC29FF54864BF343FAF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3501DC2AFF548597F26AF845.text	211887DE3501DC2AFF548597F26AF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium turritella (Eichwald 1851)	<div><p>Bittium turritella (Eichwald, 1851)</p><p>Figs 23A–G, 24A–C</p><p>* Rissoa turritella — Eichwald 1851: 132, pl. 10, fig. 18.</p><p>Rissoa turritella — Eichwald 1852: plate captions, pl. 10, fig. 18.</p><p>Riss [oa]. turritella m.— Eichwald 1853: 275.</p><p>Bittium multiliratum Brusina— Brusina 1871: 213 [nomen nudum].</p><p>Bittium multiliratum Brusina— Brusina 1877: 380 .</p><p>Seila turritella Eichw.— Friedberg 1914: 314, pl. 18, fig. 27.</p><p>[ Fenella] turritella Eichw.— Cossmann 1921: 47, pl. 2, figs 52–54, pl. 3, fig. 21.</p><p>Seila (Seila) turritella Eichw.— Sieber 1937: 506, pl. 25, fig. B4.</p><p>Seila (Seila) Schwartzi (Hörn. M.) — Sieber 1937: 506, pl. 25, fig. B3 [non Cerithidium schwartzi (Hörnes, 1855)]. Seila (Seila) multilirata (Brusina) — Sieber 1937: 507, pl. 25, fig. C2.</p><p>Seila multilirata (Brusina) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 388, pl. 1, figs 40–41.</p><p>Seila turritella Eichw. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 389, pl. 1, figs 34–35.</p><p>Seila turritella Eichwald— Strausz 1962: 33, pl. 5, figs 26–27.</p><p>Seila multilirata Brusina— Strausz 1962: 33, pl. 5, figs 28–29.</p><p>Seila turritella Eichwald, 1853 — Strausz 1966: 169, pl. 5, figs 26–27.</p><p>Seila multilirata Brusina, 1877 — Strausz 1966: 169, pl. 5, figs 28–29.</p><p>Seila multilirata Brusina— Kókay 1966: 126, pl. 5, fig. 1.</p><p>Seila schwartzi Hörnes— Bałuk 1970: 118, pl. 9, fig. 9 [non Cerithidium schwartzi (Hörnes 1855)].</p><p>Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum Brusina, 1877 — Bałuk 1975: 141, pl. 16, figs 8–9.</p><p>Bittium (Semibittium) turritella (Eichwald, 1853) — Bałuk 1975: 142, pl. 16, fig. 7.</p><p>Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum Brusina, 1877 — Bałuk 2006: 199, pl. 8, fig. 4.</p><p>Bittium (Semibittium) multiliratum Brusina, 1877 — Popa &amp; Ianoliu 2000: 85, pl. 3, fig. 2.</p><p>Semibittium multiliratum — Zuschin et al. 2006: 78.</p><p>non Bittium turritella (Eichwald, 1853) — Švagrovský 1982: 21, pl. 8, fig. 4 [= Eulimidae ?].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein, specimen illustrated in Eichwald 1851: pl. 10, fig. 18, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), Badenian (Middle Miocene). The type material is lost.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1859 /0045/0128, SL: 7.7 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, lectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877, designated herein, Figs 23A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 2023 /0057/0001, SL: 7.6 mm, MD: 2.1 mm, paralectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877, Figs 23B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023 /0057/0002, SL: 6.7 mm, MD: 2.0 mm, paralectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877, Figs 23C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023 /0057/0003, SL: 5.1 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, paralectotype of Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877, Figs 23D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 2023 /0057/0004, SL: 5.2 mm, MD: 1.7 mm, Fig. 23E . NHMW 2023 /0057/0005, SL: 5.7 mm, MD: 1.8 mm, Fig. 23F. NHMW 2023 /0057/0007, SL: 3.0 mm, MD: 1.2 mm, Fig. 23G. Brusina (1877) had studied various specimens of this species in the collections of the Natural History Museum Vienna, without selecting type specimens. From this lot, we selected the lectotype and paralectotypes. All specimens from Niederleis (Austria), Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian) . PIN 5904 /90, SL: 2.9 mm, MD: 1.1 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 24A 1 –A 2 . PIN 5904 /91, SL: 3.6 mm, MD: 1.15 mm, Varivtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 24B 1 –B 2 . PIN 5904 /91, Varivtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 24C .</p><p>Additional material. 698 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0751, Niederleis (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2013 /0470/0876, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 178 spec., NHMW 1970 /1396/1225, Bad Vöslau (Austria) , 12 spec., NHMW 1861 /0001/0468, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1866 /0001/0734, Vienna / Nussdorf (Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1865 /0004/0106, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1973 /1615/0127, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 6 spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0388, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Small to medium sized moderately slender shell of about nine teleoconch whorls, with conical to weakly cyrtoconoid spire, attaining ~ 6–8 mm in height; apical angle 26–31°. Protoconch of 2.5 convex whorls with deep sinusigera (dp = ~260 μm). First whorl smooth, second whorl with pustules located in adapical and abapical thirds of whorl, and with doubled spiral thread below mid-whorl. Angulation placed mid-whorl appears near end of protoconch. Two weak spiral threads close above abapical suture. Last whorl with mid-whorl angulation and two spiral cords appearing close before sinusigera. Early teleoconch whorls angulated with two prominent spiral cords and moderately broad subsutural ramp. Mid-whorl spiral cord often slightly more prominent, keel-like. Additional spiral cords appearing at adapical and abapical suture on second teleoconch whorl. Fifth spiral cord appears between two adapical cords on subsequent whorls. Later whorls with six to seven broad, convex spiral cords separated by flat interspaces of about same width bearing about seven delicate spiral rows of tiny pustules. Axial sculpture obsolete, or almost so, represented in some specimens by irregular swelling over the spirals. Whorl profile typically becoming weakly convex with periphery usually slightly below mid-whorl. Specimens with more strongly convex whorls may appear as well. Suture narrowly incised, linear. Weak varices may occasionally occur on spire whorls, last whorl often with more prominent varix. Last whorl moderately constricted, attaining 35–40% of total height. Base weakly convex with two prominent peribasal cords and three cords on fasciole, one or two cords over base in some specimens. Aperture ovoid, wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct to weakly incised. Outer lip thin. One specimen shows two denticles deep inside aperture at position of varix. Siphonal canal weakly incised.</p><p>Synonyms. Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877, Badenian, Middle Miocene, Niederleis (Austria). Lectotype designated herein: NHMW 1859/0045/0128, SL: 7.7 mm, MD: 2.3 mm, Figs 23A 1 –A 2. We treat Bittium multiliratum tentatively as junior synonym of Rissoa turritella Eichwald, 1851 although doubts remain because the type material of Bittium turritella is lost.</p><p>Discussion. This species is enormously variable in sculpture, size and slenderness, and in most populations, specimens with convex whorls and incised sutures occur along with ‘typical’ multiliratum -morphs with weakly convex whorls. These shells correspond well to the illustrations of Bittium turritella in Eichwald (1851). Specimens with spiral cords, however, predominate. Similarly, the convexity of the whorls is variable. Bittium brebioni (Landau, Ceulemans &amp; Van Dingenen, 2018), from the Tortonian of France, differs in its lower spiral cords, stockier outline and more cyrtoconoid spire. Bittium perminima (de Boury in Ivolas &amp; Peyrot, 1900), from the Early to Late Miocene of France has more convex whorls and more wide spaced interspaces between to spiral cords (based on specimens described by Landau et al. (2018) as Semibittium duvergieri Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922).</p><p>Moroni &amp; Ruggieri (1988) document this species also from the Late Miocene of Italy as subspecies Bittium multiliratum saheloparvulum (Moroni, 1955) . The illustrated specimens differ from Paratethyan shells in their stout conical outline and flat whorls. Therefore, we keep them separated from Bittium turritella and treat them at full species rank. Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic. The Niederleis section exposed tempestites with shells from lagoonal and shallow neritic habitats, which were transported into upper bathyal settings (Mandic et al. 2002).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (= Hołubica), Pidgirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Ripyntsi, Sataniv, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Oles’ko (Lviv Region), Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914; Cossmann 1921; hoc opus); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica(Poland)(Bałuk2006); Nowy Sącz Basin:Niskowa(Poland)(Bałuk 1970); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Immendorf (Austria) (Zuschin et al. 2006), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Lysice (Czechia) (Brusina 1871, 1877; Sieber 1937); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Niederleis, Nodendorf, Steinebrunn, Vienna /Grinzing, Vienna /Nussdorf (Austria) (Sieber 1937; Mandic et al. 2002; Zuschin et al. 2007), Drnovice u Vyškova, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, Sedlec (Czechia) (Brusina 1877); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin; Forchtenau (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Herend, Szob (Hungary) (Brusina 1877; Kókay 1966; Strausz 1966); Haţeg Basin: Răchitova (Romania) (Popa &amp; Ianoliu 2000); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Brusina 1877).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3501DC2AFF548597F26AF845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3505DC2FFF548083F6B3FE40.text	211887DE3505DC2FFF548083F6B3FE40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium walaszczyki Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Bittium walaszczyki sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 25A–D</p><p>Bittium spina Partsch, 1842 — Nicorici 1974: 107, pl. 3, figs 24–26 [non Argyropeza spina (Hörnes, 1855)].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) benoisti Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922 — Bałuk 2006: 199, pl. 8, fig. 2 [non Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, BkK-G1190, SL: 5.8 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Korytnica (Poland), Badenian, Middle Miocene, Figs 25A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes. BkK-G1190, SL: 5.8 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Korytnica (Poland), Figs 25B 1 –B 2 . BkK-G1190, SL: 5.3 mm, MD: 1.6 mm, Korytnica (Poland), Figs 25C 1 –C 2 . BkK-G1190, SL: 5.0 mm, MD: 1.6 mm, Korytnica (Poland), Fig. 25D .</p><p>Type locality. Korytnica (Poland), Korytnica Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silty clay of the so-called ‘ Pleurotoma Clays’ of the Korytnica Basin.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Ireneusz Walaszczyk (Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland) for his help searching for type material published by Wacław Bałuk.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, slender pagodiform shell with very broad subsutural ramp and marked angulation. Sculpture of two prominent spiral cords crossed by narrow, widely spaced axial ribs, forming small tubercles at intersections. Weak spiral cords on subsutural ramp.</p><p>Description. Small, slender pagodiform shell of about ten, high teleoconch whorls; apical angle 25°. Protoconch conical of about 2.5 whorls (dp = ~230 μm). Teleoconch whorls developing very broad, steep subsutural ramp and marked angulation below mid-whorl. Two primary spiral cords at periphery, the upper forming the angled shoulder placed below mid-whorl, the lower close above abapical suture. About five delicate spiral cords on subsutural ramp. Weak, wide spaced axial ribs most prominent on subsutural ramp, forming horizontally elongated tubercles at intersections. Suture distinctly incised with weak spiral cord at abapical suture. Last whorl moderately constricted, attaining about 37% of total height. Base with two prominent peribasal spiral cords, three weaker cords over fasciole. Aperture ovate, moderately wide, only partly preserved. Columella weakly excavated. Columellar callus indistinct. Siphonal canal not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Bałuk (2006) identified this specimen from the Badenian of Korytnica (Poland) as Bittium benoisti (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922), which was described from the Burdigalian of France. However, they have little in common and Bittium benoisti differs strongly in its larger size, convex whorls and prominent varices (see holotype, MNHN.F. J05916, stored in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, illustrated in Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922: 287, pl. 7, figs 44–45, https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/j05916). Bittium walaszczyki sp. nov. differs from all Paratethyan Bittium species by its slender pagodiform outline and broad subsutural ramp. Argyropeza spina (Hörnes, 1855) is slightly similar in shape but differs in its narrower subsutural ramp and more pricky tubercles.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Badenian (Langhian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys Sea. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 2006). Şimleu Basin: Tusa (Romania) (Nicorici 1974).</p><p>A comment on Semibittium auctores, non Cossmann, 1896</p><p>Bittium turritella and Bittium tulskajense belong to a group of Bittiinae species in the Eurasian Miocene, which are immediately recognized by the close-set spiral sculpture, the tiny pustules in the spiral interspaces and the near absence of a siphonal canal. This group includes Rissoa turritella Eichwald, 1851 [Middle Miocene (Langhian, Serravallian) [= Bittium multiliratum Brusina, 1877], Central Paratethys Sea], Semibittium duvergieri Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922 [Middle Miocene (Serravallian), Northeastern Atlantic (France)], Semibittium octoliratum Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922 [Early Miocene (Burdigalian), Northeastern Atlantic (France) and Semibittium brebioni Landau, Ceulemans &amp; Van Dingenen, 2018 [Late Miocene (Tortonian), Northeastern Atlantic (France)].</p><p>Lozouet (1999) treated S. duvergieri and S. octoliratum as junior synonyms of Scalaria (Acirsella) perminima de Boury in Ivolas &amp; Peyrot, 1900 and placed it in Cerithidium Monterosato, 1884 . Cerithidium species, however, are characterized by convex, often slightly angulated whorls with comparatively coarse sculpture of beads, axial ribs and varices].</p><p>At first sight, these species differ from Bittium in the predominant spiral sculpture and strongly reduced axial sculpture. The microsculpture of spiral rows of pustules in the interspaces between the spiral cords is characteristic for these species but micropustules also occur in many Bittium species [e.g., Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864) in Moreno (2011, fig. 7), Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1934) (Guzhov 2022: pl. 3, figs 2a–b)] and in Cerithidium Monterosato, 1884 [e.g., Cerithidium submammillatum (de Rayneval &amp; Ponzi, 1854) in Rueda et al. (2000, fig. 4B) and have been documented herein from all Eastern Paratethyan Bittium species.</p><p>Since Cossmann &amp; Peyrot (1922) and Glibert (1949) most of these species have been treated as Semibittium Cossmann, 1896 [type species Cerithium cancellatum Lamarck, 1804, Middle Eocene, France]. In his brief diagnosis Cossmann (1896: 29) stated: “ The Bittium of the second group differ only from those of the first by the absence of varices and by their straighter canal ” (translated from French), without discussing other features. Semibittium cancellatum is a very slender conical species with numerous, relatively low, subcylindrical whorls. Specimens of S. cancellatum illustrated by Cossmann &amp; Pissarro (1911: pl. 26, figs 142-12, 142-12’ display predominant spiral sculpture) but specimens with tiny, spirally and axially arranged beads occur as well (see https://science.mnhn.fr/ taxon/species/bittium/cancellatum; https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/b73463).</p><p>Houbrick (1993) suggested that the Eocene Semibittium Cossmann was congeneric with the extant Cacozeliana Strand, 1928 (type species Cerithium lacertinum Gould, 1861, present-day, Australia). Gründel (1976), Kowalke (1998) and Bandel (2006), in contrast, treated Semibittium Cossmann as distinct genus based on its multispiral protoconch of three whorls with a cord at “ the top of the large median apertural projection of its outer lip ” (Bandel 2006: 72). Erroneously, Houbrick (1993) stated that Semibittium would be preoccupied by Bronn (1831), Lea (1842), Tuomey (1848) and Sowerby in Dixon (1850). This, however, is incorrect and Houbrick (1993) referred to junior homonyms of Cerithium cancellatum introduced by these authors. The Miocene species differ from Semibittium in their broader, often slightly cyrtoconoid outline and higher, weakly to moderately convex whorls and are not congeneric with Semibittium Cossmann, 1896 and Cacozeliana Strand, 1928 . The presence of varices and the near absence of a siphonal canal distinguish these species additionally from Semibittium . Neostylidium Doweld, 2013 (type species Bittium eschrichtii Middendorf, 1849, present day, Pacific) differs in its much broader flattened spiral bands.</p><p>Herein, we place the species discussed above in Bittium, because Bittium tulskajense Iljina, 1993, from the Tarkhanian and Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys Sea, was shown by Guzhov (2022) to be a derived Bittium with reduced axial sculpture, related to ‘normal’ species such as Bittium digitatum (Zhizhchenko, 1934) . In addition, juvenile shells of Bittium turritella are strikingly reminiscent of the extant Cassiella abylensis Gofas, 1987, which is the type species of Cassiella Gofas, 1987 . This monotypic genus is characterized by its minute sizes, predominant spiral sculpture and it lacks a siphonal canal. Serge Gofas (pers comm. 23. 12. 2022), however, informed us that unpublished anatomical data indicate that Cassiella is an atypical Bittium . These two observations suggest that the entire group represents Bittium species with reduced axial sculpture, which might not even form a monophyletic group within Bittium .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3505DC2FFF548083F6B3FE40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3507DC2EFF548237F5E1FED4.text	211887DE3507DC2EFF548237F5E1FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bittium benoisti (Cossmann & Peyrot 1922)	<div><p>Bittium benoisti auctores non Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) benoisti Cossmann et Peyrot, 1924 [sic]— Steininger 1963: 45, pl. 13, fig. 3 [= Bittium foedum sp. nov.].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) benoisti Cossmann et Peyrot, 1924 [sic]— Steininger et al. 1971: 382, pl. 53, fig. 3 [= Bittium foedum sp. nov.].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) benoisti Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922 — Bałuk 2006: 199, pl. 8, fig. 2 [= Bittium walaszczyki sp. nov.].</p><p>Bittium (Bittium) benoisti (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1921 [sic])— Katona et al. 2011: 8, pl. 2, fig. 11 [= Potamididae].</p><p>Discussion. The name ‘ Bittium benoisti ’ has been used for Paratethyan material. However, none of these occurrences are conspecific with Bittium benoisti Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922, which is based on a specimen from the Aquitanian of La Brède (France) (holotype, MNHN.F. J05916, stored in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, illustrated in Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922: 287, pl. 7, figs 44–45; https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/ collection/f/item/j05916). This species did not occur in the Paratethys.</p><p>Genus Cerithidium Monterosato, 1884</p><p>Type species. Cerithium submammillatum Rayneval &amp; Ponzi, 1854; original designation by Monterosato (1884: 123), by monotypy. Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Shell elongate conical, sculptured with distinct spiral cords and axial ribs. Protoconch multispiral, with smooth initial whorl and spirally sculptured later whorls. The end of protoconch clearly demarcated by a varix having a notch in the upper half of the whorl. Aperture semicircular, columella straight, forming a sharp angle at the anterior end with the outer lip. Radula typical of Cerithiidae, with many sharp cusps on the well developed central and lateral teeth. ” (Hasegawa 1998: 175).</p><p>Synonyms. Clathrofenella Kuroda &amp; Habe, 1952, type species Dunkeria reticulata A.Adams, 1860, by original designation; junior synonym of Dunkeria fusca A. Adams, 1860, subsequent designation by Hasegawa (1998: 175). Present-day, West Pacific.</p><p>Discussion. Cerithidium has an unclear position within Cerithiidae because it has a closed pallial oviduct in contrast to other Bittiinae (Houbrick 1993: 270) . However, this information is not available for the type species. Cerithidium differs from Bittium Gray, 1847 in its smaller shell, which has less teleoconch whorls and an insignificant siphonal canal. The siphonal canal distinguishes Cerithidium from most other Bittiinae except for Stylidium Dall, 1907, which differs in its spiral sculpture and lack of axial ribs.</p><p>In addition to the herein described species, the genus is documented by Cerithidium plebeium Lozouet, 1998 from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of France. In addition, Lozouet (1998) treated Scalaria (Acirsella) perminima Boury, 1900 (France, Middle Miocene, Serravallian) as Cerithidium, [= Semibittium octoliratum Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922 (France, Early Miocene, Burdigalian) and Semibittium duvergieri Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922 (France, Middle Miocene, Serravallian)]. Scalaria (A.) perminima was described by Ivolas &amp; Peyrot 1900 (173, pl. 7, figs 27–28) and was also discussed and illustrated in later papers (Cossmann 1912: 99, pl. 4, fig. 32, as Acirsa (Acirsella) perminima; Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922: 176, pl. 5, fig. 11, as Acirsella (?) perminima). The specimen illustrated by Cossmann (1912) is available in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) database (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/j05205). Illustrations of this species and of Semibittium octoliratum and S. duvergieri (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot, 1922: 290, pl. 6, fig. 86, pl. 7, figs 93–95 and 291, pl. 7, figs 33–34, 96 (also MNHN database: https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/j05920) respectively) show that the specimens are rather spirally sculptured Bittium species, like Bittium turritella (Eichwald, 1851) and B. tulskajense Iljina, 1993 .</p><p>Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Indo-Pacific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3507DC2EFF548237F5E1FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3506DC21FF54817AF3DEFBFC.text	211887DE3506DC21FF54817AF3DEFBFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithidium iljinae Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Cerithidium iljinae sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 26A–B</p><p>Type material. Holotype, PIN 5904 /34, SL: 3.1 mm, MD: 1.16 mm, Shirvanskaya (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle</p><p>Miocene, Figs 26A 1 –A 2. Paratype, PIN 5904 /35, Shirvanskaya (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene, Fig. 26B. Additional material. 9 spec., Shirvanskaya (Russia), Tarkhanian, Middle Miocene. Type locality. Shirvanskaya (Russia). Type stratum. Coquina in clay. Age. Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian (Langhian) .</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Lubov’ Iljina, explorer of gastropods of the Eastern Paratethys and the Pleistocene Black Sea.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, slender shell, protoconch of 2.5 convex whorls terminating in deep sinusigera, six teleoconch whorls, initially angled mid-whorl, last whorl convex, sculptured by two primary spirals and 2–3 secondaries over subsutural ramp, overriding broad low ribs.</p><p>Description. Small, slender shell of six convex teleoconch whorls, attaining 3–3.5 mm in height; apical angle 25°. Protoconch of two whorls, with deep sinusigera (dp = ~ 230 μm). First teleoconch whorl with two prominent spiral cords. Suprasutural cord becomes visible on second teleoconch whorl. Subsutural ramp widening during ontogeny, with up to two secondary cords and one to two tertiary threads (up to four spiral elements). Additional spiral thread may appear between primary cords. Later whorls with broad subsutural ramp, subcylindrical periphery, tapering below abapical primary spiral cord. Suture moderately incised, linear. Primary cords hardly swollen over ribs, adapical one coinciding with mid-whorl angulation. Spiral cords overrunning low and wide axial ribs forming faint elongate swellings at intersections, most prominent on adapical primary cord. Ribs weakening further abapically. Last whorl convex, attaining about 42% of total height. Base with two prominent peribasal spiral cords and four weaker cords on base and fasciole. Aperture ovate, only partly preserved. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal and siphonal canal not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Cerithidium iljinae sp. nov. differs from Cerithidium plebeium Lozouet, 1998 (France, Late Oligocene—Early Miocene, Aquitanian) in the less prominent axial sculpture and the less numerous spiral cords. Cerithidium channakodiense Harzhauser, 2014 (India, Early Miocene, Burdigalian) has a taller protoconch (three whorls), weaker secondary spiral cords, more prominent axial ribs and varices on late whorls. Cerithidium indicum (Harzhauser, 2014) from the same locality in India has only two primary cords, additional spiral threads and more prominent axial ribs. Cerithidium iljinae differs from the type species, C. submammillatum Rayneval &amp; Ponzi, 1854, in its weaker axial sculpture, narrower secondary spiral cords and the absence of varices.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Tarkhanian (Langhian) of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys Sea. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Shirvanskaya (Russia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3506DC21FF54817AF3DEFBFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3509DC20FF548492F43EFCF0.text	211887DE3509DC20FF548492F43EFCF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithidium schwartzi (Hornes 1855)	<div><p>Cerithidium schwartzi (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>Figs 26C–E</p><p>* Cerithium Schwartzi Hörn.— Hörnes 1855: 412, pl. 42, fig. 18.</p><p>Seila Schwartzi Hoern.— Friedberg 1914: 313, pl. 18, fig. 26.</p><p>Seila schwartzi M. Hörnes — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 23.</p><p>Seila (Seila) schwartzi (M. Hörnes) — Švagrovský 1954: 37, pl. 4, figs. 10–13, 15, 16.</p><p>S [eila] (S [eila].) schwartzi (Hörn.) — Sieber 1958: 137.</p><p>Seila schwartzi Hörnes, 1856 — Strausz 1966: 168, pl. 5, fig. 25.</p><p>Seila schwartzi (M. Hoernes, 1856) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 165: pl. 40, figs 17–18.</p><p>Seila schwartzi (Hoern.) — Urbaniak 1974: 38, pl. 5, fig. 1 [non pl. 3, fig. 15 = Bittium sp.].</p><p>Bittium schwartzi (M. Hoernes, 1856) — Tomašových 1998: 376, pl. 4, figs 1–3.</p><p>non Seila (Seila) Schwartzi (Hörn. M.) — Sieber 1937: 506, pl. 25, fig. B3 [= Bittium turritella (Eichwald, 1851)].</p><p>non Cerithidium schwartzi (Hörnes, 1856) — Moroni &amp; Ruggieri 1988: 136, pl. 1, figs 6–9, text-fig. 1 [= Cerithidium sp. nov.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1865 /0001/0575, SL: 3.0 mm, MD: 1.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 26C 1 –C 3 . Paralectotypes: NHMW 1855 /0002/0094, SL: 3.0 mm, MD: 1.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), probably illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 42, fig. 18), Figs 26D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 1855 /0002/0094, SL: 2.7 mm, MD: 1.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 26E .</p><p>Revised description. Small sized, slender conical shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 3 mm in height; apical angle ~27–29°. Protoconch low conical of 2.5 convex whorls (dp = 230 μm). First teleoconch whorl with moderately wide subsutural ramp and two prominent spiral cords. Third spiral cord appears at subsutural ramp on second or third teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls moderately convex with weak shoulder, with deeply incised, linear to weakly undulating suture. Sculpture of three prominent spiral cords with most prominent cord at periphery; two additional secondary cords on subsutural ramp. Axial sculpture weak consisting of indistinct, broad varices on last two spire whorls. Last whorl attaining 40% of total height, with prominent dorsal varix and slightly weaker terminal varix. One or two weaker intervarical ribs may occur. Last whorl moderately convex with steep subsutural ramp, weakly convex periphery, moderately constricted base with prominent spiral cords. Aperture ovate, relatively small. Columella weakly excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct. Siphonal canal distinct, narrowly incised, short. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix.</p><p>Discussion. Cerithidium schwartzi is a rare species, which is reminiscent of the extant Mediterranean Cerithidium submammillatum (de Rayneval &amp; Ponzi, 1854), which differs especially in its more prominent axial sculpture. Specimens from the Messinian (Late Miocene) of Palermo (Italy), identified as this species by Moroni &amp; Ruggieri (1988) differ from Paratethyan shells in their comparatively stout outline and more delicate and uniform spiral cords, more convex last whorl and weaker varix. The Italian specimens represent a yet undescribed species. The coeval Eastern Paratethyan Cerithidium iljinae sp. nov. differs in its prominent axial sculpture.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at Steinebrunn (Austria) suggests shallow marine environments with seagrass (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa (Poland) (Friedberg 1938); Wieliczka (Poland) (Friedberg 1938); Voronyaky Hills: Pidhirtsi (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1938); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Jasionów, Shushkivtsi, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1938); Tarnów (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) (Tomašových 1998); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Mátraverebély, Szob (Hungary) (Strausz 1966).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3509DC20FF548492F43EFCF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3508DC20FF54839EF7FCF870.text	211887DE3508DC20FF54839EF7FCF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithiinae Fleming 1822	<div><p>Subfamily Cerithiinae Fleming, 1822</p><p>Genus Chondrocerithium Cossmann, 1906</p><p>Type species. Cerithium calculosum de Basterot, 1825, original designation by Cossmann (1906: 82). Early Miocene, France.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Medium to fairly large size; shape usually ventrose, although conical; spire moderately elongated, pointed at the apex, with slightly conoidal outline; protoconch smooth, paucispiral, subglobose, with bulbous nucleus; whorls not very convex, varicose, decorated with spiral rows of granulations or nodosities alternating with smooth threads. Last whorl equal to two fifths of the total height, carrying a very strong varix, opposite the labrum; oval base, not limited at the periphery, decorated with granular cords and threads, extending to under the neck, which is obliquely curved, funiculated and under which the lateral varix forms. Oval-rounded aperture, with a continuous and thickened peristome, bearing a deep furrow limited by a rather protruding parietal rib; canal anteriorly narrowed, rather short, truncated and a little deflected; labrum barely inclined in profile […] carrying two or three strong lirae, especially visible opposite to the penultimate varix.” (Cossmann 1906: 82, translated from French).</p><p>Discussion. Chondrocerithium is characterized by its somewhat irregular shape due to the prominent, bulging varices and by lirae deep in the aperture. Its sculpture consists of numerous spiral cords with more or less prominent tubercles or granules. It lacks any clear mid-whorl cord or angulation as is typical for Thericium .</p><p>Stratigraphy. The type species comes from the Early Miocene of France, but the genus has roots in the European Paleogene with species such as the Eocene C. passyi (Deshayes, 1864) and the Oligocene C. intradentatum (Deshayes, 1864) . Chondrocerithium gibbosum (Eichwald, 1830) is the stratigraphically youngest representative of this genus. The placement of the Danian Cerithium pauli Briart &amp; Cornet, 1873 in Chondrocerithium, as proposed by Le Renard &amp; Pacaud (1995) will need verification.</p><p>Distribution. The genus is represented by several species in the Northeastern Atlantic from the Eocene to the Early Miocene (Burdigalian) (Pacaud &amp; Le Renard 1995; Le Renard &amp; Pacaud 1995). In the Proto-Mediterranean Sea, the genus is documented from the Rupelian of Italy, Greece and Iran (Harzhauser 2004). From the Central Paratethys Sea it is recorded herein for the first time from the late Badenian (Serravallian). The stratigraphically disjunct distribution suggests the presence of so far undetected Middle Miocene species in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3508DC20FF54839EF7FCF870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE350BDC27FF548083F619FD04.text	211887DE350BDC27FF548083F619FD04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chondrocerithium gibbosum (Eichwald 1830)	<div><p>Chondrocerithium gibbosum (Eichwald, 1830)</p><p>Figs 27A, 28A–I</p><p>* C [erithium]. gibbosum m.— Eichwald 1830: 224.</p><p>Cerithium irregulare Nov.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 35, pl. 2, figs 4–5.</p><p>Cerithium gibbosum Born.— Andrzejowski 1832: 562 [non Murex gibbosus Born, 1778].</p><p>C [erithium]. irregulare Du Bois.— Pusch 1836: 528 .</p><p>Cerithium irregulare Dubois— Pusch 1837: 148 .</p><p>Cerithium mediterraneum Desh.— Eichwald 1851: 86, pl. 7, fig. 8 [non Cerithium mediterraneum Deshayes in Deshayes &amp; Milne-Edwards, 1843, = Thericium lividulum (Risso, 1826)].</p><p>Cerithium mediterraneum Desh.— Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 8 [non Deshayes in Deshayes &amp; Milne-Edwards, 1843, = Thericium lividulum (Risso, 1826)].</p><p>Cerith [ium]. gibbosum m.— Eichwald 1853: 149.</p><p>Cerithium irregulare (Dub.) — Friedberg 1914: 256, pl. 16, fig. 5.</p><p>Cerithium sp. an fallax Grat.— Friedberg 1914: 271, text-fig. 58.</p><p>Cerithium irreguare Dubois de Montpéreux, 1831 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 9.</p><p>? Cerithium europaeum irregulare (Dubois 1830) — Krach 1981: 58, pl. 24, fig. 13.</p><p>non Cerithium irregulare Dub.— Urbaniak 1974: 38, pl. 3, fig. 11 [= Ptychocerithium distinctissimum (Eichwald, 1851)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein), SPSU 3/300-1, SL: 27 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 28G . Paralectotypes: SPSU 3/300-2, SL: 20.5 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 28H 1 –H 2. ZI RAS 64248, SL: 23.7 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Velyka Bilka (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 28I. Other type material stored in St. Petersburg State University, Paleontological Museum and Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science in Saint-Petersburg. SPSU: 3/300, 18 shells, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine), lectotype 3/300-1 and paralectotype 3/300-2 from here; 3/301, 14 shells, probably erroneously labelled as Camenca (Moldova) because this species is unknown from the locality; 3/302, five shells erroneously labelled as from Korytnica (Poland); ZI RAS: box without number, eight shells, Velyka Bilka (Ukraine), paralectotype 64248 from here .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0021/0001, SL: 31.4 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Ternopil (Ukraine), Figs 28A 1 –A 2. NHMW 2023/0021/0002, SL: 28.5 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Ternopil (Ukraine), Figs 28B 1 –B 2. NHMW 2023/0021/0003, SL: 22.3 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Ternopil (Ukraine), Figs 28C 1 –C 2. NHMW 1859/0040/0022, SL: 28.7 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Figs 27A, 28D 1 –D 2, NHMW 2023/0022/0001, SL: 27.0 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Figs 28E 1 –E 2. NHMW 2023/0022/0002, SL: 18.6 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Figs 28F 1 –F 2.</p><p>Additional material. 3 spec. NHMW 1849 /0009/0014, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, ventrose conical shell of up to eleven teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 27–31 mm in height; apical angle 40–50°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with very prominent, rounded axial ribs and broad varices separated by wide interspaces. Axial sculpture crossed by narrow spiral cords or alternating strength separated by narrow grooves. Spirals of primary to tertiary strength persisting throughout ontogeny. Convexity of whorls decreasing during ontogeny. Axial ribs weaken around sixth or seventh whorl, becoming subobsolete or represented by band of irregularly shaped subquadratic beads below suture and weak tubercles mid-whorl on late spire whorls. Suture narrowly incised, irregularly undulating around varices. Last whorl moderately convex, attaining ~45% of total height, with strong varix opposite aperture. Sculpture of narrow cords of primary to tertiary strength that continues onto base and fasciole, separated by narrow grooves, with row of faint subquadratic tubercles or beads below suture and slightly above periphery; tubercles cut by cords. Base weakly constricted. Aperture ovate, very wide. Columella broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming moderately broad rim, not very thickened, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal deeply incised with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip slightly flaring, weakly crenulated, thin. Two prominent lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderately short and wide, twisted, deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its irregular outline with broad, bulging varices and undulating suture along with reduced tubercles on late teleoconch whorls. There are no comparable species known so far from the Paratethys Sea or from Miocene deposits of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea. The Early Miocene Chondrocerithium calculosum (de Basterot, 1825) differs in its prominent sculpture of tubercles and beads (see Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922: pl. 5, figs 38–39, 57–58, 96; Lozouet et al. 2001: pl. 6, figs 2a–c). In its reduced sculpture, C. gibbosum is closer to Paleogene species, such as C. intradentatum (Deshayes, 1864) and C. passyi (Deshayes, 1864) . The Rupelian C. intradentatum differs in its more delicate sculpture of tiny granules (see Lozouet &amp; Maestrati 2012: figs 288/11–12; Cossmann &amp; Lambert 1884, https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/j05153). Chondrocerithium tumidum (Braun in Walchner, 1851), from the Rupelian of the Mainz Basin, is morphologically close to C. gibbosum and differs mainly in its coarser and more numerous beads (see Sandberger 1859: pl. 10, fig. 1; Kuster-Wendenburg 1973: pl. 3, fig. 38). The Lutetian C. passyi is more slender, has higher whorls and small granules below the adapical suture (see Deshayes 1864: pl. 74 figs 36–37). ‘ Cerithium sp. an fallax ’ described by Friedberg (1914) from Zboriv (Ukraine) represents a spire fragment of Chondrocerithium gibbosum .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data M.H.)</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the late Badenian of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian part of Central Paratethys.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene):? Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek (Poland) (Krach 1981). Voronyaky Hills: Butini, Hołdy (between hill Makitra and village Buchyna), Kulychkiv (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Gorodok, Kuncha, Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Komaryn, Lanivtsi, Mala Bilka, Staryi Pochaiv, Ternopil, Velyka Bilka, Zalistsi, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914, hoc opus).</p><p>Genus Rhinoclavis Swainson, 1840</p><p>Type species. Murex vertagus Linnaeus, 1767; subsequent designation by Herrmannsen (1848: 392). Present-day, Indo-Pacific.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Turreted fusiform shells with sharply reflexed, elongated anterior canals and well defined anal canals. Columella with central oblique plait extending along entire axis of shell. Aperture ovate-fusiform. Parietal callosity and thick columellar lip partially detached along edge. Sculpture of spiral grooves, cords, nodes and axial elements. Several faint varices; prominent varix opposite outer lip.” (Houbrick 1978: 30).</p><p>Discussion. In the Oligocene and Early Miocene of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and the Central Paratethys Sea, there occur species, which are reminiscent of extant species placed in Rhinoclavis: Cerithium ampullosum Brongniart, 1823 (Brongniart 1823: 71, pl. 3, fig. 18), Cerithium orditum Michelotti, 1861 (Michelotti 1861: 122, pl. 12, fig. 18), Cerithium brongniarti Michelotti, 1861 (Michelotti 1861: 123, pl. 12, figs 19–20), Cerithium voglinoi Michelotti, 1861 (Michelotti 1861: 122, pl. 12, fig. 17), Vertagus voglinoi conicoscalaris Sacco, 1895 (Sacco 1895: 36, pl. 2, fig. 96, BS.046-06.002), Vertagus voglinoi cingulellatior Sacco, 1895 (Sacco 1895: 36), Vertagus oligasper Sacco, 1895 (Sacco 1895: 36, pl. 2, fig. 97), BS.046-06.003, Vertagus orditus longofusata Sacco, 1895 (Sacco 1895: 36, pl. 2, fig. 98, BS.046-06.004); all from the Rupelian of Italy. In addition, Cerithium (Vertagus) kachhensis Vredenburg, 1925 was described from the Burdigalian of India (see Vredenburg 1925; pl. 7, figs 10–11). These shells are characterized by large, solid, broad conical shells with about 11 subcylindrical to weakly convex teleoconch whorls. Apical angle 22–35°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided with three beaded primary spiral cords arranged in close-set axial ribs. Weak secondary spiral threads in interspaces. Sculpture of later whorls with dense pattern of primary and secondary spiral cords with more or less prominent, axially arranged tubercles and beads (e.g., Rhinoclavis ampullosa, R. oligasper). In other species, sculpture reduced during ontogeny (e.g., R. ordita, R. voglinoi). Suture narrowly incised, linear. Last whorl high, broad subcylindrical to weakly convex, attaining ~38–43% of total height. Broad, indistinct varix on last whorl. Last whorl with deep neck, strongly constricted, with short base. Fasciole indistinct. Aperture moderately wide, ovoid, oblique. Columella moderately excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, thick, prominent rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal, deeply incised, narrow, with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip flaring, wide, with continuously convex margin. Siphonal canal short, deeply notched, moderately narrow, strongly deflected to the left.</p><p>These shells differ from typical Rhinoclavis in their broader, conical (instead of slender pupoid) shells, shorter siphonal canals and the prominent parietal denticle, which is often weaker or completely absent in Rhinoclavis . These differences, however, are all gradual and we refrain from separating the European species as distinct genus. Nevertheless, the placement of the Oligocene/Early Miocene species in Rhinoclavis is in conflict with the assumed origin of the genus during the Pliocene in the Indo-West Pacific (Houbrick 1978). More and better-preserved shells would be needed to decide on the generic status of the European fossils, which we provisionally place in Rhinoclavis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE350BDC27FF548083F619FD04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE350FDC26FF54830AF4F5F93B.text	211887DE350FDC26FF54830AF4F5F93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinoclavis eggenburgensis (Schaffer 1912)	<div><p>Rhinoclavis eggenburgensis (Schaffer, 1912)</p><p>Figs 29A 1 –A 2</p><p>* Cerithium Eggenburgense Schff.— Schaffer 1912: 151, pl. 51, fig. 35.</p><p>C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) eggenburgense Schff.— Sieber 1958: 137 .</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) eggenburgense Schaffer, 1912 — Steininger et al. 1971: 382, pl. 6, fig. 3.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, F/1142, Krahuletz Museum, SL: 34.3 mm, MD: 14.3 mm, illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 51, fig. 35), Maria Dreieichen (Austria), Early Miocene (Eggenburgian), Figs 29A 1 –A 2.</p><p>Revised description. Large, broad conical shell, attaining about ~ 40 mm in height; apical angle ~25°. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Teleoconch whorl profile straight sided with narrowly incised linear suture. Sculpture of three spiral rows of low, rounded tubercles, axially aligned without forming continuous axial ribs. One weak secondary spiral cord between each pair of beaded primary cords. Last two spire whorls becoming weakly convex. Central spiral row slightly more prominent with stronger tubercles. Tertiary spirals intercalated on last two whorls. Last whorl weakly convex with low base and numerous primary to tertiary spirals. Weak, indistinct varix on last whorl. Aperture only partly preserved. Columella excavated, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised with prominent parietal denticle.</p><p>Discussion. This species is documented by a single fragmentary specimen. Nevertheless, its shape and sculpture allow a clear separation from other Paratethyan cerithiids. This species is related to the Oligocene Western Tethyan Rhinoclavis ampullosa (Brongniart, 1823) (= Cerithium fuchsiana Sacco, 1895) and Rhinoclavis oligasper (Sacco, 1895) from the Rupelian of Italy and Greece (see Fuchs 1870: 154, pl. 5, figs 4–5; Sacco 1895: 36, pl. 2, fig. 97; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984; pl. 35, fig. 16; Harzhauser 2004, pl. 8, figs 3–4). These species are characterized by the regular sculpture of three beaded primary spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls intercalated by secondary and tertiary cords, the straight-sided whorls and the broad conical outline. Rhinoclavis ampullosa and R. oligasper differ from R. eggenburgensis (Schaffer, 1912) mainly in their subcylindrical last whorls and higher spires. Thericium podhorcense (Hilber, 1882), from the Badenian of Ukraine is slightly reminiscent of Rhinoclavis eggenburgensis but has axial ribs on early teleoconch whorls, and convex spire whorls (see Friedberg 1914: pl. 16, figs 7, 12).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow sublittoral environments with sand bottoms in few meters water depth were described from the village Maria Dreieichen (Austria) (Mandic et al. 2004).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Central Paratethys.</p><p>Central Paratethys. North Alpine Foreland Basin: Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): Maria Dreieichen (Austria) (hoc opus).</p><p>Genus Pithocerithium Sacco, 1894</p><p>Type species. Murex doliolum Brocchi, 1814; original designation by Sacco (1895: 28). Pliocene, Italy.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Generally small, dolioliform, short-channeled shells with more or less granular spiral cords.” (Sacco 1895: 28, translated from Italian).</p><p>Revised description. Small to medium sized shells often with pupoid outline or with conical spire. Sculpture of two or three spiral rows of rounded beads or tubercles placed on subsutural cord, mid-whorl and above abapical suture. Tubercles rarely pointed mid-whorl; not axially aligned on late teleoconch whorls. Prominent spiral cords and threads in interspaces between tubercles. Suture moderately incised, relatively linear. Prominent varix on last whorl. Last whorl ovate, often attaining or surpassing half of total height. Aperture ovate, wide. Anal canal distinctly incised, moderately wide. Siphonal canal very short, wide, deflected to the left. Tops of beads or tubercles with reddish color.</p><p>Discussion. Pithocerithium is characterized by its tubercular sculpture with prominent spiral cords in the interspaces between the tubercles, and by the wide aperture with short siphonal canal. These features distinguish Pithocerithium from Cerithium Bruguière, 1789, with which it was synonymized by Houbrick (1992). Pithocerithium generally lacks a marked mid-whorl angulation with pointed tubercles, which are typical for Thericium Monterosato, 1890 . Exceptions are Sarmatian morphs of the endemic Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830), which developed ‘ Thericium -like’ shells with pointed tubercles and mid-whorl angulation.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. All species derive from inner neritic deposits. Pithocerithium mediolanionense nom. nov. is documented from estuarine mudflats in the vicinity of mangroves (own data M.H.). Pithocerithium rubiginosum formed huge populations on mudflats of the Sarmatian Sea.</p><p>Distribution. Represented by several species during the Early and Middle Miocene in the Northeastern Atlantic, the Proto-Mediterranean Sea, and the Central and Eastern Paratethys Sea (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922; Sacco 1895; hoc opus). In the Proto-Mediterranean Sea, the genus is recorded also from the Late Miocene (Tortonian) (Sacco 1895; Dominici et al. 2020) and persisted into the Pliocene (Chirli 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE350FDC26FF54830AF4F5F93B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE350EDC5BFF548750F21CFC24.text	211887DE350EDC5BFF548750F21CFC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium cattleyae (Baily 1858)	<div><p>Pithocerithium cattleyae (Baily, 1858)</p><p>Figs 30A–D, 31A–G</p><p>* Cerithium Cattleyae sp. nov. — Baily 1858: 150, pl. 10, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium Cattleyae Baily— Andrussow 1911: 75, text-fig. 50, fig. 25.</p><p>Cerithium Cattleyae Baily— Schwetz 1912: 314, pl. 7, figs 16–17.</p><p>Cer [ithium]. cf. rubiginosum Eichw.— Schwetz 1912: 314, pl. 7, figs 18–20 [non Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830)].</p><p>Cerithium Cattleyae Baily—Davitashvili 1932: 38, pl. 4, figs 8–14.</p><p>Cerithium cattleyae Baily— Zhizhchenko 1936: 200, pl. 21, figs 21–25.</p><p>Cerithium cattleyae Baily— Volkova 1955: 48, pl. 22, figs 10–11.</p><p>Cerithium cattleyae Baily— Zhizhchenko 1959: 249, pl. 16, figs 26–28.</p><p>Cerithium cattleyae Baily— Bagdasaryan 1965: 230, pl. 6, fig. 19.</p><p>Cerithium cattleyae Baily, 1857 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 153, pl. 38, figs 3–4.</p><p>Cerithium cattleyae Baily, 1856 — Volkova 1974: 88, pl. 11, figs 10–11.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) cattleyae Baily, 1856 — Strachimirov 1960a: 286, pl. 59, figs 31–34.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) cattleyae Baily— Manolov 1960: 205, pl. 2, figs 21–25.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) cattleyae Baily, 1856 — Iljina 1993: 79, pl. 10, figs 2–4.</p><p>Cerithium cattleyae Baily, 1856 — Iljina 2004: 621, 624, pl. 5, fig. 8.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) cattleyae — Vorobyev 2014: 215, 246, pl. 9.4.2, fig. h, pl. 13.1.2, fig. h.</p><p>non Cerithium cf. cattleyae Baily 1856 — Krach 1981: 59, pl. 24, fig. 8 [= Pithocerithium sp.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein, NHMUK PI TB 27312, SL: 18 mm, MD: 8 mm, Natural History Museum (London, UK), illustrated in Baily (1858: pl. 10, fig. 12a), Fig. 30A . Paralectotype, NHMUK PI TB 27313, SL: 18 mm, MD: 11 mm, Natural History Museum ( London, UK), illustrated in Baily (1858: pl. 10, fig. 12b), Fig. 30B. Mramornaya gully (= “ Gorge of Iphigenia ”) ( Crimea), Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian .</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5904 /62, SL: 23.6 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Fig. 30D . PIN 5904 /55, SL: 26 mm, MD: 12.5 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 30C, 31A 1 –A 3 . PIN 5904 /56, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 31B 1 –B 3 . PIN 5904 /57, SL: 24.2 mm, MD: 11.5 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 31C 1 –C 2 . PIN 5904 /58, SL: 24 mm, MD: 12.5 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 31D 1 –D 2 . PIN 5904 /59, SL: 23.1 mm, MD: 12.5 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Fig. 31E . PIN 5904 / 60, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Fig. 31F. PIN 5904 / 61, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Fig. 31G .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, stocky, ovate shell of about 10–12 teleoconch whorls, with low conical spire, attaining 24–30 mm in height; apical angle 45–50°. Protoconch of 2.5 whorls (dp = ~250 μm). Last protoconch whorl with numerous tubercles and suprasutural thread, slightly angled at mid-whorl on last half-whorl. First teleoconch whorl bicarinate with two even spiral cords. Adapical spiral cord become more prominent after second whorl, coinciding with mid-whorl angulation. Thin secondary spiral sculpture appears adapically on first whorl already, and between primary cords on third whorl. Primary cords develop abapically large, rounded nodes. Vague axial ribs appear on fourth teleoconch whorl, most strongly developed mid-whorl. They change in abapical row of nodes on later whorls. Nodes on adapical spiral cord appear after sixth teleoconch whorl; abapical spiral cord with 10–14 nodes on last whorl. Nodes on abapical spiral cord often becoming smaller and equal to subsutural nodes on last half of last whorl. Primary cords and numerous weak secondary cords transform in subequal, flat, broad bands separated by narrow grooves on late teleoconch whorls. Bands intersecting nodes can be merged. Suture incised, shallowly undulating. Last whorl ovate, attaining 58–61% of total height. Third spiral row of low nodes on penultimate and last whorl just at or below suture. Base convex, strongly constricted with numerous spiral bands separated by narrow grooves, occasionally with more prominent, weakly tuberculate cord at mid-base. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thick rim, sharply delimited from base. Parietal callus with anal denticle delimiting deeply incised anal canal. Outer lip solid, slightly flaring, not crenulated. Siphonal canal short, moderately wide, slightly deflected to the left. Color pattern of intense yellowish-orange or honey tone dots on nodes.</p><p>Discussion. Pithocerithium cattleyae (Baily, 1858) is characterized by its stocky shape and the sculpture of two very prominent spiral rows of rounded tubercles on the spire whorls. The species is reminiscent of Pithocerithium michelottii (Hörnes, 1855), from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea, but P. michelottii is more inflated and has pointed tubercles.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene) of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys: Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Cape Carta, Kurtkuyusu (Sinop District) (Büyükmeriç &amp; Ilgar 2016); Crimea: Lake Chokrak, Malyi Kamyshlak, Mramornaya gully (near Sevastopol), Skelya section, Cape Tarkhan, Yuzmyak, Cape Zyuk (Baily 1858, Iljina 1993, hoc opus); Ciscaucasia: Belaya, Fars and Kurdzhips rivers, ravine Semikolennyi (Adygeya), Novo-Kuvinsk (Karachay-Cherekessia), Mountain Kamennaya, Kievskoe, Kutais, rocks Rubaily, Mountain Shpil’, Tsetse River near Veselyi (Krasnodar Krai), Bryk Mountain, Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai, Russia) (Iljina 1993, Vorobyev 2014, hoc opus); Transcaucasia: Adzhivan Mountain Ridge, Dzhgali, Gorisa, Kvezani (Georgia) (Iljina 1993); Transcaspian Region: Tyub-Karagan Peninsula (Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan); Kopet Dagh Mountain Ridge (Turkmenistan) (Iljina 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE350EDC5BFF548750F21CFC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3573DC5DFF548425F5B4FD38.text	211887DE3573DC5DFF548425F5B4FD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium gilyandense (Iljina 1993)	<div><p>Pithocerithium gilyandense (Iljina, 1993)</p><p>Figs 32A–D</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum Bruguière, 1789 — Iljina 1993: 78 (pars), pl. 10, fig. 1 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>* Cerithium (Thericium) gilyandense L. Iljina, sp. nov. — Iljina 1993: 80, pl. 10, figs 9–12.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) gilyandense L. Il’jina, sp. nov.— Iljina 1994: 37, pl. 1, figs 13–14.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, PIN 4450/218, Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, SL: 18.8 mm, MD: 8 mm; ravine Kiyandy (spelled as ravine Gilyandy in Iljina 1993, 1994) (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 32A 1 –A 2. Paratypes: PIN 5904/63, SL: 20.4 mm, MD: 7.8 mm; ravine Kiyandy (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Figs 32C 1 –C 3. PIN 5904/64, SL: 14.7 mm, MD: 5.4 mm; well Molakuduk (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 32D.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 4450/210, SL: 22.7 mm, MD: 8.1 mm (illustrated in Iljina 1993, pl. 10, fig. 1, as Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum), well Molakuduk (Kazakhstan), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 32B.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, moderately slender, conical shell of 11 teleoconch whorls, attaining 20–22 mm in height; apical angle ~33–35°. Protoconch unknown. Earliest preserved whorl with two more prominent (probably primary) cords, upper cord delimits angulation at mid-whorl, lower cord runs in the middle between suture and upper cord. Next four to five whorls with close-set spiral cords overrunning prominent axial ribs without distinct nodes, maximum strength mid-whorl, coinciding with adapical primary spiral cord. Primary cords weaken on later whorls, bearing numerous broad secondary spiral bands, separated by narrow grooves, no axial ribs. Three spiral bands with rounded nodes may occur or may be largely reduced. Last whorl high, attaining 47–50% of total height, weakly convex, moderately constricted, typically with five spiral bands intercalated by two to four spiral cords and threads. Large varix opposite the outer lip (position slightly variable); rarely up to three varices or none. Base with two slightly more prominent, smooth cords and numerous narrow cords and threads. One peribasal cord and second stronger cord mid-base.Aperture ovate, not very wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming thick, broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, moderately wide, with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip solid, slightly flaring, without varix. Siphonal canal short, moderately wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. Sculpture of late teleoconch whorls is highly variable. Few shells develop axial ribs throughout ontogeny, with nodes mid-whorl resulting in a Thericium -like profile. Such shells were erroneously described by Iljina (1993) as Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792) (Fig. 32B). The morphotype, represented by the holotype, lacks axial ribs but bears numerous low, rounded nodes. This morphotype is dominant in samples from ravine Kiyandy. Morphotypes with reduced nodes and with comparatively more numerous and narrower spirals bands often dominate in samples collected in vicinity of well Molakuduk (Figs 32C 1 –C 3). These samples yield also strongly sculptured shells [C. (T.) vulgatum sensu Iljina 1993] and shells with aberrant sculpture. These shells have two to three angled early teleoconch whorls with densely spaced subequal cords and prominent axial ribs without nodes and pass into late teleoconch whorls covered only by numerous, low, subequal cords (Fig. 32D).</p><p>Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895), from the Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea, is superficially similar, but differs in its slightly cyrtoconoid spire and the much larger tubercles.</p><p>Iljina (1993) cited Dzhgali (Georgia) as locality of the species. Three shells with such label are still present in the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, but the investigations of the Konkian of Dzhgali by A.G. revealed that neither such fauna nor such preservation occur at that locality. The preservation of the shells is the same as from the Ustyurt region and the label is most probably erroneous.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Late Konkian of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Late Konkian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Privol’nyi (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaspian Region: Aksengir Mountain, ravine Kiyandy, near well Molakuduk, Selmidy River (Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan) (Iljina 1993, hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3573DC5DFF548425F5B4FD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3575DC5FFF548356F63FFA2C.text	211887DE3575DC5FFF548356F63FFA2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco 1895)	<div><p>Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895)</p><p>Figs 27H, 33A–E</p><p>Cerithium doliolum Brocc.— Hörnes 1855: 392 (pars), pl. 41, fig. 12 [non Pithocerithium doliolum (Brocchi, 1814)]. * [ Cerithium (Pithocerithium) turonicum] var. longiuscata Sacco 1895: 29 . Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco— Friedberg 1914: 265, pl. 16, fig. 14 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium (Pithocerithium) turonicum Mayer— Sieber 1937: 500, pl. 25, fig. E2 [non Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer,</p><p>1878)]. Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) exdoliolum Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 31, pl. 2, fig. 4 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum</p><p>(Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium (Thericium) exdoliolum Sacco— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 26, fig. 4 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco,</p><p>1895)]. Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) exdoliolum Sacco 1895 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 106, pl. 31, fig. 8</p><p>[non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium (Thericium) boettgeri nom. nov. — Švagrovský 1960: 77, pl. 7, figs 11–12. Cerithium cfr. exdoliolum Sacco— Strausz 1962: 230, pl. 9, figs 27–28 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium cfr. exdoliolum Sacco— Strausz 1966: 552, pl. 9, figs 27–28 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum turonicum Mayer— Mariani &amp; Papp 1966: 143, pl. 1, figs 1–2 [non Pithocerithium turonicum</p><p>(Mayer, 1878)]. Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 8 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973: 165, pl. 24, fig. 2 [non Thericium europaeum</p><p>(Mayer, 1878)]. Cerithium (Thericium) aff. zelebori Hörnes, 1856 — Bałuk 1975: 147, pl. 17, figs 4–5 [= non Hörnes, 1855]. Cerithium (Thericium) exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895) — Švagrovský 1982: 20, pl. 9, fig. 1 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco,</p><p>1895)]. Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer— Kókay 1996: 456, pl. 3, fig. 2 [non Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878)]. Thericium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895) — Landau et al. 2013: 42, pl. 3, fig. 9.</p><p>non Cerithium doliolum Brocc. var. longiuscata Sacc.— Bauer 1900: 30, pl. 1, fig. 10. [= Thericium sp.].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1999 z0098/0008, SL: 24.9 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 12a–b), Figs 33A 1 –A 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1870/0037/0037, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 8.7 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 27H, 33B 1 – B 2. NHMW 2023/0024/0001, SL: 27.1 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 33C 1 –C 2. NHMW 2023/0024/0002, SL: 24.9 mm, MD: 8.4 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 33D 1 –D 2. NHMW 2023/0024/0003, SL: 24.8 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Ritzing (Austria), Figs 33E 1 –E 2.</p><p>Additional material. 6 spec., NHMW 1884 /0018/1612, Guntersdorf (Austria) ; 13 spec., NHMW 2023 /0024/0004, Ritzing (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1999 z0004/0018, Ritzing (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 25, fig. E2); 14 spec., NHMW 1930 /0006/0046, Ritzing (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1874 /0033/0016, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, elongate pupoid shell of up to ten teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 24– 27 mm in height; apical angle 40–45°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls low, weakly convex with faint mid-whorl angulation and wide spaced, drop-shaped axial ribs, crossed by delicate spiral cords. Later whorls subcylindrical to weakly convex. Axial ribs disintegrating into weak subsutural spiral row of rounded tubercles and spiral cord of horizontally elongated tubercles placed just above suture, separated by weakly concave subsutural ramp. Additional spiral cord of weaker tubercles appears around eighth teleoconch whorl at abapical suture. Single narrow secondary spiral thread intercalated between broad primary spiral cords. Suture deep, narrow, more or less linear. Last whorl high, ovate, attaining ~45% of total height, with prominent varix at about 120° from the edge of the outer lip Sculpture of five tubercular cords, adapical broadest, with 3–4 crowded spiral threads intercalated in interspaces. Base weakly constricted with two weakly beaded spiral cords and several prominent secondary spirals. Aperture ovate, wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, thick rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal deeply incised, moderately narrow, with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip slightly thickened. Siphonal canal short, wide, deflected to the left.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium (Thericium) boettgeri Švagrovský, 1960 . Holotype illustrated in Švagrovský 1960: 77, pl. 7, fig. 12, Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava. Slanské hory (Slovakia), Middle Miocene, late Badenian (Serravallian). This species seems to be based on a slightly aberrant specimen of P. longiuscatum with rather pointed and wide spaced tubercles.</p><p>Discussion. The name longiuscatum was overlooked so far in the literature because it was introduced by Sacco (1895: 29) somewhat hidden within a discussion on P. turonicum (Mayer, 1878) referring to the specimen illustrated as fig. 12 in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41).</p><p>This species is characterized by its slender pupoid outline and regularly beaded sculpture. It is distinguished from P. turonicum (Mayer, 1878) by its larger size and the elongate and slightly cyrtoconoid spire. Morphologically, Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895) is closer to P. mediolanionense nom. nov. than to P. turonicum . Pithocerithium mediolanionense differs in its broader ovate outline and differences in sculpture, such as the large subquadratic beads on the subsutural and mid-whorl cords. Pithocerithium longiuscatum might be related to Pithocerithium praedoliolum (Fischer &amp; Tournouër, 1873) from the Tortonian of Vaucluse (France), which has a comparably slender outline, but differs in its larger but fewer and wide spaced tubercles and wider interspaces between the primary spiral cords (see Fischer &amp; Tournouër 1873: pl. 18 fig. 1; https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/ mnhn/collection/f/item/r06717).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Pithocerithium longiuscatum was widespread in the Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea and occurred also in the Serravallian of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Bałuk 1975); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Wólka Niedźwiedzka, Zgłobice (Poland), Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Khorostkiv, Rydomyl’ (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914, hoc opus); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Guntersdorf(Austria) (hoc opus); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: St. Veit/Berndorf, Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov (Czechia), Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (hoc opus; Švagrovský 1982); Danube Basin: Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Slanské hory (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1960); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Márkháza, Sámsonháza, Várhegy (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950, 1954; Strausz 1966); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus); Zarand Basin: Minişul de Sus (Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973); Dacian Basin: Opanets (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p><p>Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Seyithasan (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3575DC5FFF548356F63FFA2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3577DC51FF548622F6B0FA9C.text	211887DE3577DC51FF548622F6B0FA9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium mediolanionense Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Pithocerithium mediolanionense nom. nov.</p><p>Figs 27J, 34A–G</p><p>Cerithium doliolum Brocc.— Hörnes 1855: 392 (pars) [non Pithocerithium doliolum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum Brocc. var. imperfecta n. v. — Sieber 1937: 499, pl. 25, fig. E3 [non Deshayes, 1833].</p><p>C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) italicum May.— Sieber 1958: 137 [non Pithocerithium italicum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum imperfecta Sieber 1937 — Mariani &amp; Papp 1966: 143 [non Deshayes, 1833 = Hemicerithium imperfectum].</p><p>Cerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) —Harzhauser 2002: 72, pl. 2, figs 5–8 [non Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Clavatula (Clavatula) granulatocincta (Münster in Goldfuss, 1840) — Bošnjak et al. 2021: 228, fig. 3A [non Clavatulidae].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 2023/0025/0001, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 20.5 mm, 8.5 mm, syntype of Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum imperfecta Sieber, 1937, illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 25, fig. E3), Fig. 34C.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1861 /0050/0149, SL: 26.9 mm, MD: 10.6 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 34A 1 –A 2. Paratypes : NHMW 2023 /0026/0001, SL: 27.7 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 34B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023 /0026/0002, SL: 21.9 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Figs 34D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 2023 /0026/0003, SL: 18.9 mm, MD: 7.8 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Fig. 34E–F . NHMW 2023 /0026/0004, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Fig. 34G ; NHMW 2023 /0026/0005, SL: 20.7 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, Kleinebersdorf (Austria), Fig. 27J .</p><p>Additional material. 14 spec., NHMW 2023 /0026/0006, Kleinebersdorf (Austria) ; 11 spec., NHMW 2023 /0026/0007, Kleinebersdorf (Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1861 /0050/0014, Rückersdorf (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1860 /0050/0064, Neuruppersthal (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0257, Weinsteig (Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1861 /0050/0167, Gebmannsberg (Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0070, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria) ; all Karpatian (Early Miocene).</p><p>Etymology. After the historical village Mediolanion, which was situated in the Korneuburg region in Austria.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, stocky, ovate shell of up to nine teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 18–27 mm in height; apical angle 43–55°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls low with weak mid-whorl angulation and large, knob-shaped axial ribs and delicate spiral threads. Narrow, slightly concave subsutural ramp developing around forth to fifth teleoconch whorl. Axial ribs subobsolete over subsutural ramp. Subsutural spiral cord and weak spiral cord at abapical suture developing on subsequent whorls. Tubercles on central spiral cord become more densely spaced forming close-set beads. Subsequent whorls with three distinct beaded spiral cords separated by narrow interspaces with delicate single secondary spiral thread intercalated. Adapical spiral cord with densely spaced, rectangular, convex, slightly axially elongated beads; central cord with slightly wider spaced, rounded, more prominent, higher tubercles; abapical spiral cord with smaller, horizontally elongated beads. Penultimate whorl with fourth beaded spiral cord appearing at abapical suture. Whorl profile subcylindrical to weakly convex. Suture narrowly incised. Last whorl high, ovate, attaining ~55% of total height. Broad varices on last two whorls. Base weakly constricted, with numerous prominent spiral cords with narrower secondaries intercalated. Aperture only partly preserved. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, slightly thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, relatively wide, with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip not preserved. Siphonal canal moderately short, slightly twisted.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium imperfectum Sieber, 1937 is primary homonym, preoccupied by Deshayes (1833: 365) and therefore, we propose Pithocerithium mediolanionense nom. nov. as replacement name.</p><p>Discussion. Pithocerithium mediolanionense nom. nov. is highly reminiscent of P. doliolum (Brocchi, 1814) from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea concerning the subquadratic beads on the subsutural spiral cord and on the mid-whorl cord. However, they are distinguished by the larger size and the higher and more conical spire of P. doliolum (see Pinna &amp; Spezia 1978: pl. 34, fig. 2; Chirli 2006: pl. 34, figs 9–15). Pithocerithium mediolanionense differs from P. longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895) in its stout outline and the much broader subsutural beads and larger tubercles on the mid-whorl spiral cord. It differs from Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) in its cyrtoconoid spire, higher last whorl, less constricted base and larger, more close-set beads. A Late Miocene record of this group from the Northeastern Atlantic was described by Pereira Da Costa (1867; 247, pl. 28, fig. 14) from the Tortonian of Cacela (Portugal) but the poor drawing does not allow an identification.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, lagoonal environments in vicinity of mudflats and Avicennia mangroves (Harzhauser et al. 2002).</p><p>Distribution. Mainly known from the Karpatian (Late Burdigalian) of the Central Paratethys Sea and very rare during the Badenian.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Helfens, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Neuruppersthal, Niederkreuzstetten, Obergänserndorf, Rückersdorf, Stetten, Teiritzberg, Weinsteig (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002; hoc opus). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Zaprešić Brijeg (Croatia) (Bošnjak et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3577DC51FF548622F6B0FA9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3579DC53FF5485B2F3C2F90B.text	211887DE3579DC53FF5485B2F3C2F90B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium michelottii (Hornes 1855)	<div><p>Pithocerithium michelottii (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>Figs 27O, 35A–E</p><p>* Cerithium Michelottii Hörn.— Hörnes 1855: 389, pl. 41, fig. 7</p><p>[ Cerithium] P [ithocerithium]. Michelottii var. dertoaspinosa Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 33, pl. 2, fig. 82.</p><p>[ Cerithium] P [ithocerithium]. Michelottii var. infracingulellata Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 34, pl. 2, fig. 83.</p><p>[ Cerithium] P [ithocerithium]. Michelottii var. mediocristata Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 34, pl. 2, fig. 84.</p><p>Cerithium Michelottii Hoern.—Friedberg 1928: 594, pl. 38, fig. 7.</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) Michelottii (Hörn.) — Sieber 1937: 499.</p><p>Cerithium michelottii M. Hörnes — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 21, pl. 2, figs 10–12.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) michelottii Hörn.— Strausz 1954: 16, 96, pl. 3, fig. 49.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) michelottii Hörnes, 1856 — Strausz 1955: 26, 143.</p><p>C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) michelottii Hörn.— Sieber 1958: 137 .</p><p>Cerithium michelotti Hörnes— Strachimirov 1960b: 263, pl. 5, fig. 3.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) michelottii Hoernes 1856 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 105, pl. 31, fig. 5.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) tumidum n. sp. — Kecskeméti-Körmendy 1962: 88, 97, pl. 10, figs 7–8.</p><p>Cerithium michelottii Hörnes— Strausz 1962: 47, pl. 9, fig. 29.</p><p>Cerithium michelottii Hörnes, 1856 — Strausz 1966: 134, pl. 9, fig. 29.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) michelottii Hörnes, 1856 — Bałuk 1975: 146, pl. 17, figs 6–8.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) michelottii Hörnes, 1856 — Atanacković 1985: 106, pl. 25, figs 12–14.</p><p>non Cerithium (Thericium) michelotti [sic] Hörnes, 1855 — Popa et al. 2014: 7, pl. 1, fig. 4 [= Thericium lapugyense (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>non Cerithium michelotti [sic] Hörnes, 1856— Vazzana &amp; Cecalupo 2007: 184, pl. 5, fig. e.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein, NHMW 2023 /0027/0001, SL: 23.6 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, Figs 35B 1 –B 2; paralectotype, NHMW 2023 /0027/0002, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 7a–b), Figs 35A 1 –A 2, 27O. All Baden (Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1846/0037/0359a, SL: 22.5 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Figs 35C 1 –C 2. NHMW 2023/0028/0001, SL: 22.8 mm, MD: 13.0 mm, Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Figs 35D 1 –D 2. NHMW 1867/001970188, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 35E 1 –E 2.</p><p>Additional material. 16 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0359, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) ; 7 spec., NHMW 1878 /0041/0021, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1878 /0050/0027, Baden (Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/1175, Baden-Sooss (Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 2023 /0029/0001, Möllersdorf (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2023 /0030/0001, Forchtenau (Austria) ; 12 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0268, Boršov (Czechia) ; 4 spec., NHMW 1867 /001970188, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1862 /0001/0559, Buituri (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, very stocky shell of up to nine teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 20–24 mm in height; apical angle 45–55°. Protoconch unknown. First three teleoconch whorls low with slightly concave subsutural ramp, weak mid-whorl angulation and several spiral cords crossing low, wide-spaced axial ribs. Mid-whorl spiral cord along angulation more prominent, forming weak, horizontally elongated tubercles. On fourth whorl weak spiral cord develops on subsutural ramp close below suture bearing small widely spaced tubercles; mid-whorl cord migrates closer to abapical suture, tubercles strengthen. Numerous fine secondary threads intercalated between two tubercular cords. Penultimate whorl consisting almost entirely of subsutural ramp delimited by two spinous tubercular cords, lower cord placed just above suture. Suture weakly incised. Last whorl ovate, convex; attaining ~70% of total height. Subsutural spiral cord bearing 10–14 prominent spinous tubercles, widely separated from three lower closer spaced spiral cords of less prominent pointed tubercles. Interspaces between spiral cords with secondary and tertiary spiral threads. Transition into base convex with weaker tubercular peribasal cord. Base moderately constricted, concave fasciole, all covered in weaker tubercular spiral cords with secondary and tertiary spirals intercalated. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming broad rim. Anal canal deeply incised. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal short and wide, deeply incised, twisted, slightly deflected to the left. Color pattern of reddish dots on tops of tubercles.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) tumidum Kecskeméti-Körmendy, 1962, holotype, M.249, Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet múzeuma (Geological Museum of the Geological Institute of Hungary, Budapest), Várpalota (Hungary), Middle Miocene, Badenian. The name is preoccupied by Cerithium tumidum Braun in Walchner, 1851 [= Chondrocerithium tumidum (Braun in Walchner, 1851)]. No replacement name is necessary, because there is no reason to separate this shell from P. michelottii and we consider C. tumidum Kecskeméti-Körmendy, 1962 as a subjective junior synonym of P. michelottii . Sacco (1895) described the varieties dertoaspinosa, infracingulellata and mediocristata based on specimens from the Tortonian (Late Miocene) of S. Agata (Italy). We have not seen these specimens, but the differences described by Sacco (1895) do probably not justify separation from the Paratethyan species.</p><p>Discussion. This species is unique within the Paratethyan cerithiids due to its high and inflated last whorl and its pointed tubercles. The specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, figs 7a–b) has a growth anomaly resulting in a strong difference between the spire with weak sculpture and the last two whorls with typical tubercles. All other specimens lack such distinction and therefore, we selected another syntype as lectotype. ‘ Cerithium ’ klipsteini (Michelotti, 1847) (including the varieties described by Sacco, 1895), from the Burdigalian of Italy, is somewhat similar in profile, but differs in the smaller number of spinous tubercular spiral cords and lacks secondary spiral threads (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984, pl. 35, figs 3a–b). The specimen illustrated by Vazzana &amp; Cecalupo (2007) from the Tortonian of Calabria (Italy) as Cerithium michelottii differs in its more numerous spiral cords and much weaker tubercles and represents another species.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) suggests inner neritic sandy bottoms (own data M.H.) .</p><p>Distribution. Pithocerithium michelottii occurred during the middle and late Badenian (= Late Langhian, Early Serravallian) in the Central Paratethys Sea and might have been present in the Tortonian of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Boršov (Porstendorf) (Czechia); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Möllersdorf, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Hörnes 1855; Sieber 1937); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Sámsonháza, Várpalota (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954; Strausz 1966), Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Buituri, Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Opanets, Staropatitsa, Urovene, Tyrnene, Yasen (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p><p>Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: S. Agata (Italy) (Sacco 1895).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3579DC53FF5485B2F3C2F90B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE357BDC4FFF548707F5A1FE40.text	211887DE357BDC4FFF548707F5A1FE40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald 1830)	<div><p>Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830)</p><p>Figs 27I, 36A–I, 37A–J, 38A–B, 39A–J</p><p>* C [erithium]. rubiginosum m.— Eichwald 1830: 223.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 32, pl. 2, figs 6–8.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Pusch 1837: 527 .</p><p>Cerithium Comperei d’Orb., 1844 — d’Orbigny 1844: 469, pl. 4, figs 10–12.</p><p>[ Cerithium] rubiginosum Eichw.— Hörnes 1848: 21 .</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum m.— Eichwald 1851: 86, pl. 7, fig. 9.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 9.</p><p>Cerithium pictum — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 22 [non Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)].</p><p>Cerith [ium]. rubiginosum m.— Eichwald 1853: 151.</p><p>Cerithium Mediterraneum Desh.— Hörnes 1855, 393, pl. 41, fig. 14 [non Deshayes in Deshayes &amp; Milne-Edwards, 1843, = Thericium lividulum (Risso, 1826)].</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Hörnes 1855: 396, pl. 41, figs 16, 18.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. var.— Hoernes 1875: 67, pl. 2, figs 15–16, 19.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Cobălcescu 1883: 148, pl. 15, fig. 1.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum —Quenstedt 1884: 504, pl. 204, fig. 110.</p><p>Cerithium Comperei d’Orbigny— Fontannes 1887: 330, pl. 26, figs 5–6.</p><p>[ Cerithium (Pithocerithium) mediterraneum] var. exmediterranea Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 32 .</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Simionescu 1902: 25, pl. 2, figs 21–22.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Friedberg 1914: 266, pl. 16, figs 15–16.</p><p>Cerithium zaleścense Auing. (in coll).—Friedberg 1928: 597, pl. 38, figs 11–12.</p><p>Cerithium Comperei d’Orb.— Karlov 1932: 73, pl. 1, figs 7–12.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Karlov 1932: 73, pl. 1, figs 1–3.</p><p>Cerithium gibbosum Eichw.— Kolesnikov 1934: 231, 381, pl. 28, fig. 28.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum (Eichw.) Dub.— Kolesnikov 1934: 232, 381, pl. 28, figs 29–30.</p><p>Cerithium comperei d’Orb.— Kolesnikov 1934: 233, 382, pl. 28, figs 31–32.</p><p>Cerithium zaleścense Auing.— Krach 1935: 7 .</p><p>Cerithium gibbosum Eichw. var.— Krach 1935: 14, pl. 1, figs 10–11.</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) rubiginosum Eichw. var. subtypica Sacco— Sieber 1937: 502, pl. 25, fig. E4 [non Sacco 1895].</p><p>Cerithium zaleścense Auing.— Friedberg 1938a: 94, text fig. 27.</p><p>Cerithium Comperei d’Orb.— Friedberg 1938a: 95, text fig. 28.</p><p>Cerithium gibbosum Eichw.— Friedberg 1938a: 96, text fig. 29.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Friedberg 1938b: 154, pl. 3, figs 1–5.</p><p>[ Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.] var. Rudolphi nova var. — Friedberg 1938b: 155, pl. 3, figs 8–11.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.—Papp 1939: 329, pl. 10, fig. 35.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 92, pl. 1, figs 54–56, text figs 100–101.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. var. prahovensis n.v. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 93, pl. 1, fig. 57.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw. var. spinosa n.v. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 93, pl. 1, fig. 58.</p><p>Cerithium comperei d‘Orb.— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 93, pl. 1, figs 59–61, text fig. 102.</p><p>Cerithium gibbosum Eichw.— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 94, pl. 1, figs 62–64.</p><p>Cerithium paucăi n.f. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 95, pl. 2, figs 1–2.</p><p>Cerithium cantemiri n.f. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 95, pl. 2, figs 3–4.</p><p>Cerithium moldavicum n.f. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 96, pl. 2, figs 5–7.</p><p>Cerithium dacicum n.f. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 97, pl. 2, figs 8–9.</p><p>Cerithium striatum n.f. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 97, pl. 2, figs 10–14 [non Cerithium striatum Lea, 1833].</p><p>Cerithium cf. costatum Bors.— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 98, pl. 2, fig. 15 [non Cerithium costatum Borson, 1821].</p><p>Cerithium cf. italicum Mayer— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 98, pl. 2, fig. 16 [non Pithocerithium italicum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium europaeum Mayer— Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 98 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium postdoliolum n.f. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 99, pl. 2, fig. 17.</p><p>Cerithium postvulgatum n.f. — Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940: 99, pl. 2, fig. 18.</p><p>Pithocerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Jekelius 1944: 80, pl. 21, figs 1–17.</p><p>Cerithium poliţioanei n. sp. — Jekelius 1944: 82, pl. 19, figs 24–25.</p><p>Cerithium banaticum n. sp. — Jekelius 1944: 83, pl. 21, figs 24–26.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Stevanović 1949: 37, pl. 1, figs 6/1–2.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Stevanović 1950: plate captions, pl. 2, figs 15–30.</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) rubiginosum Eichwald— Švagrovský 1954: 30, pl. 3, figs 25–32.</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) rubiginosum Eichwald var. gracilis nov. var. — Švagrovský 1954: 32, pl. 3, figs 22–24.</p><p>Cerithium ( Chondrocerithium ?) incertum Grateloup var. minuta nov. var. — Švagrovský 1954: 34, pl. 3, figs 33–42, pl. 4, figs 1–9 [non G.B. Sowerby II, 1855].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald— Papp 1954: 46, pl. 6, figs 27–28.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum subtypicum Sacco— Papp 1954: 47, pl. 6, fig. 29 [non Pithocerithium subtypicum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum Eichw.— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 26, figs 3, 5.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum Eichwald, 1883 — Moisescu 1955: 201, pl. 19, figs 17–23.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) maguricum sp. nov. — Moisescu 1955: 203, pl. 19, fig. 16.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum Eichwald— Tudor 1955: 101, pl. 8, fig. 65.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) rubiginosum Eichwald, (1830) 1853— Strausz 1955: 27, 145, pl. 1, figs 3–5.</p><p>Cerithium gubkini Oss.— Saulea 1956: 263, pl. 3, figs 7–10.</p><p>C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichw.— Sieber 1958: 137 .</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Švagrovský 1959: 254, pl. 9, fig. 9.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum (Eichwald) — Boda 1959: 620, 715, pl. 27, figs 4–10.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) palatinum (Kókay) — Boda 1959: 620, 716, pl. 27, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) banaticum Jekelius— Boda 1959: 716, pl. 27, fig. 11.</p><p>? Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Stevanović &amp; Milošević 1959: 94: pl. 3, fig. 4.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Švagrovský 1964: 84, pl. 18, fig. 6.</p><p>Cerithium gracile Sim. et Barbu— Švagrovský 1964: 84, pl. 18, fig. 7.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Spajić 1966: 36, pl. 3, figs 19–20.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Bielecka 1967: 188, pl. 9, fig. 7.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Ionesi 1968: 249, pl. 8, figs 10–13.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald, 1853 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 132, pl. 31, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum prahovense Simionescu et Barbu, 1940 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 132, pl. 31, figs 13–14.</p><p>Cerithium gibbosum Eichwald, 1830 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 155, pl. 38, figs 12–13.</p><p>Cerithium zalescense (Auinger) Friedberg, 1928 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 155.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Kojumdgieva 1969: 89, pl. 31, figs 22–23, pl. 32, figs 1–2.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) rubiginosum prahovense Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 — Kojumdgieva 1969: 90, pl. 32, figs 3–4.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) rubiginosum comperei d’Orbigny, 1844 — Kojumdgieva 1969: 90, pl. 32, figs 5–8.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichw.— Rado &amp; Muţui 1969: 200, pl. 5, figs 40, 43–44.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum subtypicum Sacco— Rado &amp; Muţui 1969: 200, pl. 5, figs 45–49.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 84, pl. 1, figs 5–14, pl. 2, figs 1–11, text fig. 20 II.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum zalescense Friedberg— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 88, pl. 1, figs 1–4, text fig. 20 I.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum prahovense Simionescu et Barbu— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 90, pl. 2, figs 12–14, pl. 3, figs 1–5, text fig. 20 III.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum comperei Orbigny— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970: 93, pl. 3, figs 6–19, text fig. 21.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Švagrovský 1971: 351, pl. 61, figs 1–12.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum subtypicum Sacco, 1895 — Švagrovský 1971: 354, pl. 60, figs 7–12 [non Sacco 1895].</p><p>Cerithium comperei d’Orbigny, 1844 — Švagrovský 1971: 356, pl. 60, fig. 6.</p><p>Cerithium incertum minutum Švagrovský, 1954 — Švagrovský 1971: 361, pl. 63, figs 4–6 [non G.B. Sowerby II, 1855].</p><p>Cerithium politioanei Jekelius, 1944 — Švagrovský 1971: 357, pl. 62, figs 1–9.</p><p>Cerithium jekeliusi nom. nov. — Švagrovský 1971: 359, pl. 63, figs 1–3 [nom. nov. pro Cerithium banaticum Jekelius, 1944 non Boettger, 1902].</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Eremija 1971: 67, pl. 7, fig. 17.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald— Nicorici 1971: 230, pl. 6, figs 26–49.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum Eichwald— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1972: 24, unnumbered plate, figs 1–15, 20–24.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1972: 25, unnumbered plate, figs 3–12, text fig. 3.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum zalescense Friedberg— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1972: 28, unnumbered plate, figs 1–2, text fig. 1.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum prachovense Simionescu et Barbu— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1972: 29, unnumbered plate, figs 13–15, text fig. 2.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum comperei Orbigny— Plǎmǎdealǎ 1972: 30, unnumbered plate, figs 20–24, text fig. 1.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum (Eichw.) — Ionesi &amp; Ionesi 1972: 72, pl. 1, figs 18–25, pl. 2, figs 2–5.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum spinosa Sim. et Barbu— Ionesi &amp; Ionesi 1972: plate captions, pl. 2, fig. 1.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum prachovensis Sim. et Barbu— Ionesi &amp; Ionesi 1972: plate captions, pl. 2, figs 36–44.</p><p>Cerithium cf. cantemiri Sim. et Barbu— Ionesi &amp; Ionesi 1972: plate captions, pl. 3, figs 1–8.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Chinţa 1973: plate captions, pl. 2, fig. 3.</p><p>Cerithium paucai Simionescu &amp; Barbu— Lubenescu et al. 1974: 13, pl. 2, fig. 3.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald— Papp 1974: 346, pl. 8, figs 5–6.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum subtypicum Sacco— Papp 1974: 346, pl. 8, figs 7–8 [non Sacco 1895].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) comparei d’Orbigny— Papp 1974: 347, pl. 8, fig. 3.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) politioanei Jekelius— Papp 1974: 347, pl. 8, fig. 4.</p><p>Cerithium comperei comperei Orb.— Iljina et al. 1976: 90, pl. 26, figs 1–6.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum cf. subtypicum Sacco— Ionesi &amp; Gräf 1978: 600, pl. 5, figs 14–15.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichw.— Ionesi &amp; Gräf 1978: 600, pl. 5, figs 16–17.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw., 1830 — Yanakevich 1980: 102, pl. 16, fig. 11.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Yanakevich 1987: 44, pl. 2, fig. 14.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Mihailescu et al. 1987: 191, plate, figs 14–15.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 — Iljina 1993: 79, pl. 10, figs 5–8 [non Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Papaianopol 1997: plate captions, pl. 1, fig. 21.</p><p>Cerithium jekeliusi Svagrovsky, 1971 — Harzhauser &amp; Kowalke 2002: 70, pl. 13, fig. 10.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum rubiginosum Eichwald, 1853 — Ionesi et al. 2005: 108, pl. 17, figs 15–16.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum spinosum Simionescu et Barbu, 1940 — Ionesi et al. 2005: 108, pl. 17, fig. 17.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum prahovensis Simionescu et Barbu, 1940 — Ionesi et al. 2005: 108, pl. 17, fig. 18.</p><p>Cerithium striatum Simionescu et Barbu— Ionesi et al. 2005: 493, pl. 23, figs 5–7 [non Lea, 1833].</p><p>Cerithium moldavicum Simionescu et Barbu, 1940 — Ionesi et al. 2005: 108, pl. 23, figs 8–10.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald — Piller &amp; Harzhauser 2005: 452, fig. 4/5.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Ionesi 2006: 196, pl. 4, figs 13–14.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Harzhauser &amp; Piller 2010: 192, fig. 10/7.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Harzhauser et al. 2011: 173, fig. 3/9.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1853) — Lukeneder et al. 2011: 772, figs 4G–H.</p><p>Therithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830) — Filipescu et al. 2014: 78: fig. 10/3.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830) — Poljak et al. 2016: 138, pl. 3, figs 3–5.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum juvenilă— Mogorici 2016: 44, fig 3.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830) — Harzhauser et al. 2018: 30, fig. 3/10.</p><p>non Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.—Liverovskaya 1935: 21, pl. 2, fig. 30 [= Pithocerithium gilyandense (Iljina, 1993)].</p><p>non Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1936: 198, pl. 21, figs 18–20 [= Thericium zhizhchenkoi sp. nov.].</p><p>non Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1959: 248, pl. 16, figs 19–31 [ Thericium zhizhchenkoi sp. nov.].</p><p>non Cerithium rubiginosum Eichw.— Badzoshvili 1979: 27, pl. 18, figs 7–8 [= Lampanella maeotica (Karlov, 1932)].</p><p>non Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald 1830, ssp. ind .— Krach 1981: 58, pl. 16, figs 1–5, 15 [ Pithocerithium sp.].</p><p>non Cerithium zaleścense Auing. (in coll. Friedberg 1928)— Krach 1981: 59, pl. 16, fig. 11 [ Pithocerithium sp.].</p><p>non Cerithium (Thericium) rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Davoli 1991: 56, pl. 4, figs 6–8 [= Pithocerithium subtypicum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>non Cerithium cf. rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Vazzana &amp; Cecalupo 2007: 185, pl. 4, fig. o.</p><p>non Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald, 1830 — Mogorici 2016: 43, fig 3. [= Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)].</p><p>Type material. ZI RAS 62421, lectotype, SL: 24.6 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian ( Volhynian), Figs 36A 1 –A 2. SPSU 3/303-1, paralectotype, SL: 15 mm, MD: 6.6 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian ( Volhynian), Figs 36B 1 –B 2. SPSU 3/308-2, paralectotype, SL: 13.8 mm, MD: 6 mm, Zavadyntsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian ( Volhynian), Fig. 36C. SPSU 3/308-3, paralectotype, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 5.4 mm, Zavadyntsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Fig. 36F.</p><p>The type series is stored in the Paleontological Museum at Saint-Petersburg State University (SPSU) and in the Zoological Institute (ZI RAS), Saint-Petersburg. SPSU: 3/303, 17 shells, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Sarmatian (Volhynian); 3/304, one shell erroneously labeled as Koryntica (Poland); 3/305, two shells, Zăzuleni (Moldova), Sarmatian; 3/306, five shells, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Sarmatian (Volhynian); 3/307, two shells, one of which may be poorly preserved Lampanella volhynica (Friedberg), Bilozirka (Ukraine), Sarmatian (Volhynian); 3/308, 14 shells, four of which are Lampanella volhynica (Friedberg), Zavadyntsi (Ukraine), Sarmatian (Volhynian). ZI RAS, boxes with Eichwald’s numbers: 231, eight shells, Kreminna (Ukraine), Sarmatian (Volhynian); 232, nine shells, Kuncha (Ukraine), Sarmatian (Volhynian); 233, four shells, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Sarmatian (Volhynian), lectotype from this box.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5904/87, SL: 18.5 mm, MD: 6.6 mm, Bursuc, Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 36D 1 –D 2. PIN 5904/88, SL: 17 mm, MD: 7.2 mm, Bursuc, Moldova, Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 36E 1 –E 2. PIN 5904/93, SL: 25.8 mm, MD: 9.8 mm, Rîbnița, Moldova, Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 36G 1 –G 2, 38A 1 –A 2. PIN 5904/94, SL: 20.6 mm, MD: 8.4 mm, Rîbnița, Moldova, Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 36H 1 –H 2. PIN 2814/23, 22.6 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Bursuc, Moldova, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Fig. 36I. PIN 2814/41, SL: 26 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Bursuc, Moldova, Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 37A 1 –A 2. NHMW 1857/0037/0084, SL: 21.1 mm. MD: 9.5 mm, Oberpullendorf (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 18), Figs 37B 1 –B 2. NHMW 2023/0031/0001, SL: 20.9 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Oberpullendorf (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 16), Figs 37C. GBA, SL: 20.8 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Krawarsko (Croatia), syntype of Cerithium rubiginosum rudolphi Friedberg, 1938b, illustrated in Hoernes (1875: pl. 2, figs 16a–b), Figs 37D 1 –D 2. NHMW 1847/0037/0085, SL: 21.1 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Hauskirchen (Austria), Figs 27E 1 –E 2. ZNG PAN A-I-50/614.1, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 7.5 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), lectotype (designated herein) of Cerithium zalescense Friedberg, 1928, illustrated in Friedberg (1928: pl. 38 fig. 11), Fig. 36F. NHMW 1847/0037/0087, SL: 18.0 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Kostel (Czechia), holotype of Cerithium exmediterraneum Sacco, 1895, illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, figs 14a–c), Fig. 37G. ZNG PAN A-I-50/615, SL: 24.0 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), illustrated in Friedberg (1938: fig. 27), Fig. 36H. NHMW 2023/0032/0001, SL: 23.1 mm, MD: 8.3 mm, Vienna /Schmelz (Austria), Figs 37I 1 –I 2. MNHN-F-R54729, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 7.2 mm, lectotype (designated herein) of Cerithium comperei d’Orbigny, 1844, “des bords du Dnieper, et en Bessarbie “, Sarmatian, Fig. 37J. PIN 5904/95, SL: 17.2 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Camenca, Moldova, Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Fig. 38B.</p><p>Konkian and late Badenian ‘turonicum ’-morphs: PIN 4450 /214, Mount Aksengir, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, illustrated in Iljina (1993: pl. 10, fig. 5), Figs 39A 1 –A 2 . PIN 4450 /215, Mount Aksengir, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, illustrated in Iljina (1993: pl. 10, fig. 5), Figs 39B 1 –B 2 . PIN 5904 /97, Mount Chokraktau, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 39C . PIN 4450 /216, Mount Aksengir, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, illustrated in Iljina (1993: pl. 10, fig. 7), Figs 39D 1 –D 2 . PIN 4450 /217, Mount Aksengir, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, illustrated in Iljina (1993: pl. 10, fig. 8), Figs 39E 1 –E 2 . PIN 5904 /100, Mount Chokraktau, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 39F. PIN 5904 /98, Mount Chokraktau, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 39G . PIN 5904 /99, Mount Aksengir, Kazakhstan, Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 39H . PIN 5904 /72, Privol’nyi (Russia), Middle Miocene, late Konkian, Fig. 39I . PIN 5904 /101, Yaseniv (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, late Badenian, Figs 39J 1 –J 2 .</p><p>Additional material. ZNG PAN A-I-50/614.2, SL: 14.5 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine) , Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), paralectotype of Cerithium zalescense illustrated in Friedberg (1928: pl. 38, fig. 12). PIN 2984 /23, SL: 22.6 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Bursuc (Moldova) , illustrated in Plǎmǎdealǎ (1970: pl. 1, fig. 2), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian. PIN 2984 /41, SL: 26 mm, MD: 9.6 mm, Bursuc (Moldova) , illustrated in Plǎmǎdealǎ (1970: pl. 1, fig. 1), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian . 1 spec., 1999z0004/0014, Hauskirchen (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937, pl. 25, fig. E4); 8 spec., NHMW 1890 /0015/0008, Hauskirchen (Austria) ; 47 spec., NHMW 1854 /0045/0317, Hauskirchen (Austria) ; 20 spec., NHMW 2023 /0033/0001, Hauskirchen (Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0349, Hautzendorf (Austria) ; 1 spec., 1878/0050/0012, Kottingbrunn (Austria) ; 13 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/362, Gaweinsthal (Austria) ; 13 spec., NHMW 1861 /0050/0189, Hörersdorf (Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1823 /0027/0256, Vienna (Austria); 11 spec., NHMW 1866 /0040/0391, Vienna / Hernals (Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1872 /0005/0037, Vienna / Schmelz (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1873 /0014/0019, Vienna / Nussdorf (Austria) ; 21 spec., NHMW 1904 /0008/0096, Vienna / Nussdorf (Austria) ; 53 spec., NHMW 1859 /0005/0203, Vienna / Neulerchenfeld (Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1851 /0002/0164, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1866 /0001/0708, Möllersdorf (Austria) ; 20 spec., NHMW 2023 /0034/0001, Braunkirchen (Austria) ; 14 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0340, Wolfpassing (Austria) ; 24 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0000, Höflein (Austria) ; 42 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0354, Oberpullendorf (Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1869 /0001/0132, Marz (Austria) ; 40 spec., NHMW 1847 /0037/0086, Mattersburg (Austria) ; 50 spec., NHMW 1930 /0006/0046, Ritzing (Austria) ; 28. spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0271, Podivín (Kostel) (Czechia) ; 1. spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0000, Podivín (Kostel) (Czechia) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1839 /0016/0153, Gaya (Czechia) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1862 /0018/0031, Hidas (Hungary) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1862 /0018/0013, Hidas (Hungary) ; 22 spec., NHMW 1866 /0054/0005, Buják (Hungary) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1858 /0015/0046, Sopron (Hungary); 36 spec., NHMW 1859 /0031/0002, Tinnye (Hungary) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0026, Zhukivtsi (Ukraine) .</p><p>Revised description. Small to medium sized, from moderately slender to stocky, sometimes pupoid shell of up to 11 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 13–25 mm in height; apical angle 25–45°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with three spiral cords crossing broad axial ribs separated by interspaces of roughly equal width. Later whorls with concave subsutural ramp and subsutural spiral cord bearing rounded tubercles; axial ribs becoming subobsolete abapically. Spiral cords increasing rapidly in number by intercalation of secondary cords. Mid-whorl angulation with more prominent rounded or occasionally pointed tubercles. Third spiral row of smaller, horizontally elongate tubercles placed just above abapical suture. Fourth spiral row of tubercles may occur at abapical suture. Shell covered with fine, flattened secondary spiral cords, separated by narrow grooves most prominent in interspaces between tubercles. Suture deeply incised, weakly undulating. Last whorl high, weakly convex, attaining 47–54% of total height. Mid-whorl spiral cord forming periphery of last whorl in most specimens. Base weakly constricted, weakly concave with moderately prominent peribasal cord and several primary and secondary spiral cords over base and fasciole. Aperture moderately wide, ovate, oblique. Columella broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, relatively thin rim, sharply delimited. Anal canal incised with low, indistinct parietal denticle. Outer lip wide, solid. Siphonal canal short, wide, slightly deflected to the left. Tops of tubercles frequently with reddish color.</p><p>Synonyms. Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830) is exceptionally abundant in Sarmatian strata and may be even rock forming. Like many Sarmatian mollusks, it is also extremely variable concerning sculpture and shape, resulting in a vast number of morphotypes. For these, 16 species-level names have been established, which are all considered subjective junior synonyms of Pithocerithium rubiginosum herein.</p><p>Cerithium comperei d’Orbigny, 1844 is based on abraded, stout, dwarf specimens of Pithocerithium rubiginosum with weak spiral sculpture. Syntypes, MNHN-F-R64472, SL: 11.8 mm, MD: 6.6 mm; MNHN-F-R54729, SL: 13.5 mm, MD: 7.2 mm Fig. 34H; Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). D’Orbigny (1844: 470) described this species from “ des bords du Dnieper, et en Bessarbie [from the Dnjepr riverbank and from Bessarabia]”, which represents large regions in Ukraine and Moldova; Late Miocene, Sarmatian.</p><p>Cerithiumdacicum Simionescu&amp;Barbu,1940,Răducăneni(Romania).LateMiocene,Sarmatian(Bessarabian).We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens.The specimen illustrated in Simionescu&amp;Barbu(1940:pl.2,fig. 9) is a very robust specimen of P. rubiginosum with a conical spire. Their fig. 8 is an unidentifiable apertural fragment.</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) rubiginosum gracilis Švagrovský, 1954 . Holotype illustrated in Švagrovský (1954: pl. 3, figs 22–24), Slanec (Slovakia), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian). Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava. This subspecies was based on a single specimen with a slender shell and delicate sculpture. We consider this specimen to be a morphotype of P. rubiginosum, with which it co-occurs at the type locality. The name Cerithium gracile is preoccupied by Philippi (1836) and Simionescu &amp; Barbu (1940: 91). As we consider Cerithium (Pithocerithium) rubiginosum gracilis Švagrovský, 1954 to be a subjective junior synonym of P. rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830), no replacement name is needed.</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) mediterraneum exmediterranea Sacco, 1895 was established by Sacco (1895) for the specimen from Podivín (= Kostel) (Czechia) illustrated by Hörnes (1855: pk. 41, fig. 14). This specimen is a juvenile P. rubiginosum .</p><p>Cerithium ( Chondrocerithium ?) incertum minutum Švagrovský, 1954 [non G.B. II Sowerby, 1855], lectotype designated by Švagrovský (1971: 361): No. 2335, illustrated in Švagrovský (1954: pl. 3, figs 39–40), Bohdanovce (Slovakia), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian). Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava. Švagrovský (1971) considered this specimen as holotype, but no type specimen designation is given in Švagrovský (1954). The name Cerithium minutum is variously preoccupied, e.g., de Serres (1822: 60), G.B. II Sowerby (1855: 865). As we consider Cerithium incertum minuta Švagrovský, 1954 a subjective junior synonym of Pithocerithium rubiginosum, no replacement name is needed.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) maguricum Moisescu, 1955, Dealurile Măgura, Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. The illustrated specimen seems to be an aberrant, very slender morphotype of. P. rubiginosum, with which it co-occurs.</p><p>Cerithium jekeliusi Švagrovský 1971 [= Cerithium banaticum Jekelius, 1944 non Boettger, 1902], holotype illustrated in Jekelius 1944: pl. 21, fig. 25 from the Sarmatian of Poliţioană (Romania). This taxon is based on small morphotypes of P. rubiginosum with axially arranged nodes.</p><p>Cerithium moldavicum Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940, Bohotin (Romania), Late Miocene, Sarmatian (Bessarabian). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. The species is based on robust, stocky specimens of P. rubiginosum .</p><p>Cerithium politioanei Jekelius, 1944, holotype illustrated in Jekelius 1944: pl. 19, fig. 25, is based on two abraded spire fragments from the Sarmatian of Poliţioană (Romania). We tentatively consider this species as junior synonym of P. rubiginosum .</p><p>Cerithium postdoliolum Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940, Valea Baicului-Bihor (Romania), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian). Simionescu &amp; Barbu (1940: 99) state that the holotype is stored in the collection Paucă. We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. Represents a specimen with a relatively narrow last whorl.</p><p>Cerithium paucai Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940, Bucuroaia-Bihor (Romania), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. This species is based on stocky specimens of P. rubiginosum with prominent tubercular sculpture.</p><p>Cerithium postvulgatum Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940, Selişte-Orhei (Moldova), Late Miocene, Sarmatian (Bessarabian). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. Based on an exceptionally slender specimen of P. rubiginosum .</p><p>Cerithium prahovensis Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940, Gornetu Cuib-Prahova (Romania), Late Miocene, Sarmatian (Bessarabian). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. The species is based on a stocky specimen of P. rubiginosum .</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum spinosa Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940, Şcheia (Romania), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Bessarabian). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. The name Cerithium spinosum is preoccupied by Philippi (1836: 193). As we consider Cerithium spinosum Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940 as subjective junior synonym of P. rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830), no replacement name is needed.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum rudolphi Friedberg, 1938b, from the Sarmatian of Machalata (Poland). This is a small, rather delicate morphotype of P. rubiginosum with spinose nodes.</p><p>Cerithium striatum Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [non Lea, 1833], Răducăneni (Romania), Late Miocene, Sarmatian (Bessarabian). We are not aware of the whereabouts of the type specimens. The name Cerithium striatum is variously preoccupied (e.g., Lea 1833; Deshayes 1833; Hombron &amp; Jacquinot 1848; Friedberg 1905). As we consider Cerithium striatum Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940 as subjective junior synonym of P. rubiginosum, no replacement name is needed.</p><p>Cerithium zalescense Friedberg, 1928, ZNG PAN A-I-50/614.1, Zaleśce (Salisze) (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Geological Museum of the Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, Poland. This species is based on specimens with pointed tubercles on several prominent spiral cords, which are similar in strength to the mid-whorl cord, whereas in typical specimens the mid-whorl tubercles are stronger.</p><p>Discussion. Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830) is reminiscent of Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) and we assume a phylogenetic relation between the two. Pithocerithium turonicum differs mainly in its more prominent parietal denticle, the more crowded beads and spiral cords and the weaker secondary sculpture. It lacks the dominant middle spiral row of P. rubiginosum and consequently is less angled. Material from the Konkian of the Eastern Paratethys (Figs 39A–B, D–E), described by Iljina (1993) as Pithocerithium turonicum, yield many specimens being closer to Pithocerithium rubiginosum, than to typical P. turonicum due to the dominant row of nodes mid-whorl. We treat these as early representatives of P. rubiginosum . Late Badenian specimens from the Carpathian Foredeep are also close to P. rubiginosum (Figs 36I, 37A, 39E). Specimens from the latest Badenian of the Moldavian Platform were already treated as P. rubiginosum by Plǎmǎdealǎ (1970, pl. 1, figs 1–2), reillustrated here in Figs 36I, 37A. Specimens from mounts Aksengir and Chokraktau (Kazakhstan) labelled by L. Iljina as ‘ Cerithium turonicum ’ are small, stocky shells, which in sculpture resemble strongly sculptured specimens of Pithocerithium gilyandense (Iljina, 1993) . Some strongly eroded shells from the Konkian of Ciscaucasia (Privol’nyi = Mount Dubrovaya), stored in the Iljina collection and listed in Iljina (1993) as Cerithium gilyandense and Cerithium (Fig. 39F, I) belong also to this intermediate form which we consider as ancestral P. rubiginosum . The same form described and illustrated by Liverovskaya (1935, 21, pl. 2, fig. 30) from Privol’nyi as Cerithium rubiginosum .</p><p>Thus, Pithocerithium rubiginosum arose during the late Badenian in Central Paratethys and the Konkian in the Eastern Paratethys simultaneously. The Konkian populations disappeared, whereas the Central Paratethyan populations gave rise to the Sarmatian populations. At that time, both seas were connected, which would have allowed for such development. Nevertheless, some atypical morphs such as the specimen from the very base of the Volhynian of Bursuc (Figs 36E 1 –E 2) might belong to another clade and might derive from Thericium vovkotrubense sp. nov. Considering the enormous variability of this group, the systematic position of several deviated morphs will remain unsolved.</p><p>Sieber (1937) and Papp (1954) treated specimens of P. rubiginosum with prominent tubercles and weak secondary spiral sculpture as a distinct subspecies, although these shells co-occur with typical specimens of P. rubiginosum . This was probably induced by a statement by Sacco (1895: 33) that his subtypicum might be identical with the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, fig. 16). In respect to the highly endemic fauna of the Sarmatian Paratethys Sea, it is unlikely that the specimens described by Sacco (1895) from the Tortonian of Stazzano, S. Agata, and Montegibbio are conspecific with P. rubiginosum, and we consider Pithocerithium subtypicum (Sacco, 1895) as a distinct species. Similarly, Pithocerithium tauropraecedens (Sacco, 1895), P. subbigranosa (Sacco, 1895), P. percingulellata (Sacco, 1895) and P. taurorubiginosa (Sacco 1895), introduced by Sacco (1895: 33) as varieties of P. rubiginosum are excluded herein from synonymy. Occurrences from the Tortonian of the Proto-Mediterranean Sea, described by Davoli (1991) from Sogliano (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), differ in their conical outline, linear suture, broader last whorl and much weaker spiral sculpture. These specimens represent Pithocerithium subtypicum (Sacco, 1895) .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. This species is extraordinarily abundant in littoral and shallow sublittoral environments (own data M.H, A.G.; Lukeneder et al. 2011).</p><p>Distribution. An endemic species, which occurs frequently in the Central and western part (to west of the Crimea) of the Eastern Paratethys seas during late Badenian/Konkian and Sarmatian (Volhynian, Bessarabian).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Latest Badenian: Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Yaseniv (Lviv Region) (Ukraine) (hoc opus). Dacian Basin: Viişoara–Brăteşti (Romania) (Ionesi &amp; Ionesi 1972).? Southern Pannonian Basin: Bresnica (Serbia) (Stevanović &amp; Milošević 1959).</p><p>Sarmatian (Volhynian): North Alpine Carpathian Foreland Basin: Hollabrunn, Ziersdorf (Austria) (Papp 1974), Bílovce (Czechia) (Švagrovský 1971); Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Oles’ko, Palykorovy, Pidhirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914, 1928); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova (former Vovkotrubi/ Volkotrubi), Gorodok, Khmel’nytskyi (Grechani), Kreminna, Kuncha, Zavadyntsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Derman, Verkhiv (Rivne Region), Bilozirka, Bogdanivka, Bugliv, Butyn, Butsyky, Dubivtsi, Gai-Roztots’ki, Glibiv, Kam’yanki, Kokutkivtsi, Lanivtsi, Mykulyntsi, Ogryzkivtsi, Pliskа, Romanivka, Staryi Pochaiv, Tarasivka, Ternopil, Terpylivka, Vikno, Volya, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zalistsi, Zboriv, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region); Klembivka, Kotyuzhyntsi, Trostyanets’ (Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine) (Eichwald 1851; Friedberg 1914; Krach 1935; Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970; hoc opus), Białogon, Chmielnik, Dwikozy, Grabki ad Sobków, Kamień Łukawski, Miechocin, Modliborzyce, Słupcza, Wielowieś (Poland) (Friedberg 1914, 1928; Bielecka 1967). Vienna Basin: Atzelsdorf, Gaweintal, Hautzendorf, Hauskirchen, Hölles, Kollnbrunn, Nexing, Pirawarth, Traunfeld, Vienna /Alsergrund, Vienna /Heiligenstadt, Vienna /Liesing, Vienna /Margarethen, Vienna /Josefstadt (Austria) (Harzhauser et al. 2018, 2011; Piller &amp; Harzhauser 2005), Čejč, Gaya, Strážnice (Czechia) (Hörnes 1855, Švagrovský 1971), Dúbravka, Holič, Plavecký Peter, Rohožník (boreholes), Skalica, Šaštínske Stráže, Trkmanec (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1971); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Bohdanovce, Nižný Čaj, Nižná Myšľa, Olšovany, Slanec, Kalša, Rakoš, Skaroš, Slanec, Trstené pri Hornáde (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1964, 1971); Oberpullendorf Basin: Oberpullendorf, Ritzing (Janoschek 1931); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Höflein, Wiesen, St. Margarethen (Austria) (Papp 1974), Fertőrákos, Sopron (Hungary (own data M.H., Boda 1959, Papp 1974); Styrian Basin: Jamm, Kalch, St. Aigen, Waltra (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Acsa, Balatonakali, Balatonudvari, Bia, Budapest, Csabi, Ecseg, Füzérradvány, Galgagyörk, Makkoshotyka, Mány, Pálháza, Pécsvárad, Perbál, Balatonakali/Ság-puszta, Sirák, Szentgyörgymajor, Telki, Tinnye, Úny, Vanyarc, Várpalota, Vérkút, Zánka, Zsámbék (Hungary) (Boda 1959); Kravarsko (Croatia) (Hoernes 1875), Soceni (Romania) (Jekelius 1944); Mehadia Basin: Valea Calvei, Valea Bobiac (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Gradec Basin: Brežice (Slovenia) (Poljak et al. 2016); Borod Basin: Vârciorog (Romania) (Filipescu et al. 2014); Transylvanian Basin: Bucuroaia, Lunca-Sprie, Valea Baicului, Valea Cordăneşti, Valea Osoiului, (Romania) (Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Latest Badenian: Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970). Late Konkian: Ciscaucasia: Privol’nyi (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali (Georgia); Transcaspian Region: Mounts Aksengir and Chokraktau (Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan) (Iljina 1993; hoc opus).</p><p>Sarmatian (Volhynian): Moldavian Platform: Rashkiv (Chernivtsi Region, Ukraine), Bursuc, Butuceni, Florești, Ghidirim, Camenca, Chetrosu, Gura-Căinarului, Gura Camencii, Liveden, Măgdăceşti, Molochișul, Năpadova, Rezina, Rîbnița, Saharna, Severinovca, Tîrnova, Zgurița, Zăzuleni (Moldova) (Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970, hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Galatin, Krivodol, Portitovtsi, Rakovo (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva 1969, hoc opus). Sarmatian (Bessarabian): Moldavian Platform: Bursuc, Chişinău (Petricani), Cricova, Doibani, Floreşti, Gura Bîkului, Calfa, Lupăria, Mateuţi, Micăuţi, Molochișul, Orhei, Oxentea, Piatra, Rîbnița, Slobozia (Slobozia-Horodiște or Slobozia-Hodorogea), Taşlîc, (Moldova) (Kolesnikov 1934; Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940; Plǎmǎdealǎ 1970); Valea Sării (Lubenescu et al. 1974): creeks Livijoarei and Lupăria, Hill Mătrăgunei, Siliştea (Judeţul Suceava) (Ionesi 2006), Bazga, Coharna, Dobrovăţ, Drăgoeşti, Glâmboaca, Hârtop, Iași, Rădăşeni, Repedea, Şcheia, Valea Olăneşti (Romania) (Cobălcescu 1883; Simionescu &amp; Barbu 1940; Ionesi et al. 2005); Mehadia Basin: Valea Svinea Mare, Valea Svinea Mică, Valea Tudoroviţa (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Dacian Basin: Gornetu Cuib, Zâmboaia (Romania) (Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940), Kostychovtsi, Yarlovitsa, (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva 1969).</p><p>Additional locations: Sarmatian (Volhynian): Islaz (Judeţul Teleorman) (Rado &amp; Muţui 1969), Comşeşti (Judeţul Cluj) (Chinţa 1973), Vârciorog (Judeţul Bihor) (Nicorici 1971), Peştişul Mare (Judeţul Hunedoara) (Moisescu 1955), Chinuşu (Judeţul Harghita) and Fişer (Judeţul Braşov) (Ionesi &amp; Gräf 1978), Boziorul, Lacul, Odăile (Judeţul Buzău) (Saulea 1956); Chiojdeanca (Judeţul Prahova, Romania) (Papaionopol 1997); Boževac, Makce, Dušmanić, Guberevac, Koprivnica, Knežica, Kušilievo, Lescovac, Ripanj, Trnovče, Vinča (Serbia) (Stevanović 1950; Spajić 1966); Velika Ilova (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Eremija 1971). Sarmatian (Bessarabian): Anisiş (Judeţul Gorj, Romania) (Tudor 1955).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE357BDC4FFF548707F5A1FE40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3567DC41FF5481CEF5A1F878.text	211887DE3567DC41FF5481CEF5A1F878.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer 1878)	<div><p>Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878)</p><p>Figs 40A–G</p><p>Cerithium doliolum Brocc.— Hörnes 1855: 392 (pars), pl. 41, figs 11, 13 [non Pithocerithium doliolum (Brocchi 1814)]. * Cerithium Turonicum Mayer— Mayer 1878b: 181, pl. 4, fig. 9. [ Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum] var. exdoliolum Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 29 . [ Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum] var. dolioloconica Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 29 . Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 — Glibert 1949: 149, pl. 9, fig. 14. Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) mediterraneum Deshayes — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 33, pl. 2, fig. 5 [non Deshayes 1843]. Cerithium procrenatum Sacco — Montanaro-Gallitelli &amp; Tacoli 1951: 173, pl. 1, fig. 16 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco,</p><p>1895)]. Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum May.— Florei 1961: 682, pl. 7, fig. 47 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)]. Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco— Strausz 1962: 47, pl. 10, fig. 2 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 — Strausz 1966: 131, pl. 10, fig. 2 [non Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895)]. Cerithium (Thericium) doliolum (Brocchi, 1814) —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 131, pl. 31, fig. 7 [non Pithocerithium doliolum (Brocchi, 1814)]. Cerithium (Thericium) italicum Mayer, 1878 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 131, pl. 31, fig. 8 [non Pithocerithium italicum</p><p>(Mayer, 1878)]. Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 132, pl. 31, figs 9–11. Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 — Bałuk 1975: 148 (pars), pl. 17, figs 9–10 (only). Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 — Krach 1981: 59, pl. 16, fig. 16. Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) — Koubová et al. 2024: 51, fig. 8G.</p><p>? non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) turonense Mayer— Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922: 194, pl. 5, figs 43–44. non Cerithium (Pithocerithium) turonicum Mayer— Sieber 1937: 500, pl. 25, fig. E2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco,</p><p>1895)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) exdoliolum Sacco 1895 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 106, pl. 31, fig.</p><p>8 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum turonicum Mayer— Mariani &amp; Papp 1966: 143, pl. 1, figs 1–2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895)]. non Cerithium exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 8 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco,</p><p>1895)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer, 1878 — Iljina 1993: 79, pl. 10, figs 5–8 [= Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald,</p><p>1830)].</p><p>non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum Mayer— Kókay 1996: 456, pl. 3, fig. 2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895)]. non Cerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878) —Harzhauser 2002: 72, pl. 2, figs 5–8 [= Pithocerithium mediolanionense nom. nov.]. non Cerithium (Thericium) turonicum (Mayer, 1878) — Bošnjak et al. 2021: 228, fig. 3B [= Thericium].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein: ETH 2923, SL: 18.5 mm, MD: 9.5 mm, ETH Zürich (Switzerland), Fig. 40B. The syntypes are stored as lot in which the specimen, which was illustrated in Mayer (1878b: pl. 4, fig. 9) cannot be identified any more. Therefore, we selected the specimen, which is closest to the illustration as lectotype . Paralectotypes: ETH 2923, SL: 21.5 mm, MD: 9.5 mm, ETH Zürich (Switzerland), Fig. 40A. ETH 2923, SL: 18.0 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, ETH Zürich (Switzerland), Fig. 40C. ETH 2923, SL: 23.0 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, ETH Zürich (Switzerland), Fig. 40D. The type locality was not mentioned in Mayer (1878b) but on the label the locality is given as Ferrière-Larçon at Tours (France); Middle Miocene, Langhian. The name turonicum also suggests an origin from the Middle Miocene of France .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1999z0098/0007, SL: 21.6 mm, MD: 10.6 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 11), Natural History Museum Vienna, holotype of Pithocerithium exdoliolum (Sacco, 1895), Figs 40E 1 –E 2. The same specimen was erroneously designated as lectotype by Švagrovský (1982: 20). Note that Hörnes (1855) listed the Karpatian locality Kleinebersdorf (Austria) as origin of the specimen but the preservation, with remnants of the color pattern, excludes this affiliation. The preservation is identical to the specimen from Mikulov (Czechia) illustrated by Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, fig. 13). NHMW 1849/0012/0018, SL: 19.8 mm, MD: 9.1 mm, Mikulov (Czechia), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 13a–b), holotype of Pithocerithium dolioloconicum (Sacco, 1895), Figs 40F 1 –F 2. NHMW 1855/0002/0023, SL: 21.0 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 40G 1 –G 2.</p><p>Additional material. 17 spec., NHMW 1851 /0013/0079, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1851 /0013/0079a, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1851 /0008/0079, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1866 /0040/0122, Marz (Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1855 /0002/0023, Grund (Austria) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1869 /0001/0046, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 20 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0358, Baden (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 25, fig. D1); 12 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0270, Mikulov (Czechia) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1860 /0270/0006, Mikulov (Czechia) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1863 /0033/0008, Boršov (Porstendorf) (Czechia) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0270, Hlohovec (Bischofswart), (Czechia) ; 5 spec., NHMW 1865 /0030/0045, Nagymaros (Hungary) ; 13 spec., NHMW 1859 /0042/0019, Hidas (Hungary) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1865 /0025/0024, Hidas (Hungary) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1870 /0033/0149, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1874 /0033/0017, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1870 /0033/0150, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; all Badenian (Middle Miocene).</p><p>Revised description. Small to medium sized, stocky shell of about ten teleoconch whorls, with conical spire, attaining 18–21 mm in height; apical angle 47–50°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls abraded on all available specimens. Spire whorls conical, almost straight sided. Sculpture of three spiral rows of relatively widely spaced tubercles. Subsutural spiral row of rounded, subquadratic tubercles; second spiral row placed mid-whorl slightly more prominent with faintly pointed tubercles. Third spiral row above abapical suture with weak, horizontally elongated tubercles. Tubercles vaguely obliquely axially arranged on early spire whorls, offset on last two whorls. Narrow non-tubercular, secondary spiral cords intercalated in interspaces. Suture narrowly incised, linear. Last whorl broad, ovate, attaining ~57% of total height. Four tubercular spiral cords; tubercles on subsutural cord most prominent, separated from next tubercular primary by slightly wider concavity, other three primary cords variable in strength; subequal in most specimens; single narrow secondary in each interspace. Base weakly constricted, delimited by fifth tubercular peribasal cord, 4–5 further prominent non-tubercular cords over base and fasciole. Aperture ovate, wide. Columella broadly excavated, Columellar callus forming narrow, slightly thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, wide, with moderately developed parietal denticle. Outer lip not thickened. Siphonal canal very short, wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum exdoliolum Sacco, 1895 was introduced by Sacco (1895) for the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1855; pl. 41, fig. 11). Hörnes (1855) gave Kleinebersdorf (Austria) as locality of that specimen, but the preservation, with remnants of color pattern, excludes this locality and suggests a Badenian locality of the Vienna Basin, such as Mikulov (Czechia).</p><p>Cerithium (Pithocerithium) doliolum dolioloconicum Sacco, 1895; this name was overlooked so far in the literature because it was introduced by Sacco (1895: 29) somewhat hidden within a discussion on P. turonicum (Mayer, 1878) referring to the specimen illustrated as fig. 13 in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41).</p><p>Discussion. This species was confused with Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895) and P. mediolanionense nom. nov. in the Paratethyan literature, although it is quite distinct due to its conical and relatively short spire, and the relatively wide interspace between the subsutural and mid-whorl cord on the last whorl. This species is the only cerithiid, which is documented so far from the Paratethys Sea and the Northeastern Atlantic.</p><p>Pithocerithium italicum (Mayer, 1878), from the Tortonian of Italy, might be a descendent of P. turonicum and is comparable in size and outline but has a more prominent mid-whorl angulation (see Mayer 1878b: 178, pl. 4, fig. 6; Sacco 1895: 25, pl. 2, fig. 63; Trentanove 1911: 67, pl. 4, figs 10–14, 21–22; Venzo &amp; Pelosio, 1963: 70, pl. 33, figs 34–38; Robba 1968: 518, pl. 40, figs 4a–b; Dominici et al. 2020: 76, Fig. 9D).</p><p>See Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830) for discussion on differences and potential phylogenetic relations.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data M.H.)</p><p>Distribution. Pithocerithium turonicum was described from the Langhian of the Northeastern Atlantic but was also widespread in the Central Paratethys during the Badenian (Langhian, Early Serravallian). During the Konkian (Early Serravallian), it appeared also in the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Grund (Austria), Boršov (Porstendorf), Hlohovec (Bischofswart), Žabčice, Jaroměřice (Czechia) (Montanaro Gallitelli &amp; Tacoli 1951); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov (Czechia) (Hörnes 1855; hoc opus); Danube Basin: Dubová (Slovakia) (Koubová et al. 2024); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Marz (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Nagymaros, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950; Strausz 1966; hoc opus); Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca, Valea Globului, Valea Satului (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus); Banat: Zorenţul-Mare (Florei 1961).</p><p>Northeastern Atlantic. Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin: Ferrière-Larçon, Manthelan, Louhans, Paulmy, Pont-Levoy (France) (Mayer 1878b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3567DC41FF5481CEF5A1F878	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3568DC43FF548083F226F92A.text	211887DE3568DC43FF548083F226F92A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium zelebori (Hornes 1855)	<div><p>Pithocerithium zelebori (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>Figs 41A–E</p><p>* Cerithium Zelebori Hörn.— Hörnes 1855: 391, pl. 41, fig. 10.</p><p>Cerithium Zelebori— Quenstedt 1884: 498, pl. 204, fig. 67.</p><p>? Cerithium doliolum —Quenstedt 1884: 503, pl. 204, figs 104–105 [non Pithocerithium doliolum (Brocchi 1814)].? Cerithium Zelebori var. taurorara Sacc.— Sacco, 1895: 12, pl. 1, fig. 41.</p><p>Cerithium Zelebori Hörn.— Schaffer 1912: 150, pl. 51, figs 23–25.</p><p>C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) zelebori Hörn.— Sieber 1958: 137 .</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) zelebori Hoernes, 1855 — Steininger et al. 1971: 382, pl. 6, fig. 4.</p><p>non Cerithium cf. Zelebori Hörn.—Friedberg 1928: 595, pl. 38, fig. 8 [= Pithocerithium sp.].</p><p>non Cerithium (Thericium) aff. zelebori Hörnes, 1856 — Bałuk 1975: 147, pl. 17, figs 4–5 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>non Cerithium zelebori Hörnes, 1856 — Vazzana &amp; Cecalupo 2007: 182, pl. 5, figs a–d [= Thericium sp.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein: NHMW 1849 /0013/0010, SL: 36.0 mm, MD: 13.6 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 10), Figs 41B 1 –B 2 . Paralectotype, NHMW 2023 /0037/0001, SL: 30.6 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Figs 41A 1 –A 2. Mold (Austria), Early Miocene, Eggenburgian .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0037/0002, SL: 36.0 mm, MD: 12.5 mm (largest specimen), Mold (Austria), Figs 41C 1 –C 2. NHMW 2023/0037/0003, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 11.6 mm, Mold (Austria), Figs 41D 1 –D 2. NHMW 2023/0037/0004, SL: 30. mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Mold (Austria), Figs 41E 1 –E 2.</p><p>Additional material. 20 spec., NHMW 1860 /0050/0251, Mold (Austria) , 5 spec., NHMW 2023 /0038/0001, Mold (Austria) ; 19 spec., NHMW 2023 /0039/0001, Maria Dreieichen (Austria) .</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium zelebori taurorara Sacco, 1895, from the Langhian of Italy, is highly reminiscent of P. zelebori and might be conspecific with Pithocerithium zelebori .</p><p>Revised description. Medium-sized, moderately slender conical shell of about eight teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 30–40 mm in height; apical angle 30–35°. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Early spire whorls straight sided with two spiral rows of prominent, rounded tubercles. Periphery coinciding with abapical spiral cord. Interspace between spiral cords with three or more secondary spiral threads. Abapical spiral cord migrating to mid-whorl on later teleoconch whorls. Third spiral cord with weaker tubercles appears at abapical suture on penultimate whorl, mostly covered by subsequent whorl. Suture narrowly incised, undulating. Last whorl weakly convex, attaining ~45% of total height. Last whorl with three prominent spiral rows of large, rounded tubercles. Third cord of weaker, more densely spaced tubercles forms peribasal cord. Base conical, weakly constricted with three prominent spiral cords and numerous weaker spiral threads. Fasciole weak. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming thick, broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal weakly incised. Outer lip thin, flaring, strongly narrowing towards siphonal canal. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, twisted, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its prominent sculpture of large, rounded tubercles and its slender conical outline without marked mid-whorl angulation of the teleoconch whorls. Specimens from the Middle Miocene of the Paratethys, described by Friedberg (1928) and Bałuk (1975) as cf. and aff. zelebori, differ in their slightly ventrose outline and sculpture of smaller tubercles and might represent Pithocerithium longiuscatum (Sacco, 1895) . Cerithium zelebori laevituberculata Sacco, 1895, from the Burdigalian or Langhian of Italy, differs considerably in its weaker sculpture and high last whorl and is not conspecific with P. zelebori . Vazzana &amp; Cecalupo (2007) confused specimens from the Tortonian of Cessaniti (southern Italy) with P. zelebori . These specimens have little in common with P. zelebori and lack the characteristic sculpture of tubercles. They probably represent a Thericium sp.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Inner neritic, coastal environments in vicinity of mudflats (own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Thericium zelebori is restricted to the Eggenburgian (Early Burdigalian) of the Central Paratethys Sea. The specimens from Winterlingen and Bachzimmern (Germany), illustrated by Quenstedt (1884: pl. 204, figs 104–105) might represent additional records. The occurrence from the Langhian of Sciolze (Italy), described by Sacco (1895), will need verification.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Eggenburg, Gauderndorf,</p><p>Maria Dreieichen, Mold, Kleinmeiseldorf (Austria) (Steininger et al. 1971). Eggenburgian/Ottnangian (Early</p><p>Miocene): Schwäbische Alb: Bachzimmern, Winterlingen (Swabia, Germany) (Quenstedt 1884). Proto-Mediterranean Sea.? Langhian (Middle Miocene): Po Basin: Sciolze (Italy) (Sacco 1895).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3568DC43FF548083F226F92A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE356BDC42FF548727F5C4F9C0.text	211887DE356BDC42FF548727F5C4F9C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pithocerithium Sacco 1894	<div><p>Pithocerithium ? sp. species inquirenda</p><p>Cerithium politioanei elegans n. ssp. — Özsayar 1977: 61, pl. 9, fig. 9 [non Deshayes 1824].</p><p>Discussion. Özsayar (1977) described Cerithium politioanei elegans as new subspecies based on a single subadult specimen. The illustration shows a very small, broad shell (SL. 5.8 mm, MD: 4.0 mm) with broad subsutural ramp and prominent angulation with large, rounded tubercles. The name is preoccupied by Deshayes (1824), but we refrain from introducing a replacement name until more material allows a better characterization of this species. A closer relationship to the Sarmatian Cerithium politioanei Jekelius, 1944 [treated herein tentatively as synonym of Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830)] is excluded based on the much broader shell and the position of the angulation close above the abapical suture.</p><p>Özsayar dated the fauna that he collected near Pazar as Volhynian, but some listed and illustrated species are of Konkian age. Therefore, the locality may also expose Konkian beds or Konkian specimens were redeposited in Volhynian strata.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Late Konkian or Volhynian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Pazar (Özsayar 1977).</p><p>Genus Ptychocerithium Sacco, 1895</p><p>Type species. Cerithium granulinum Bellardi &amp; Michelotti, 1840; original designation by Sacco (1895: 23). Late Miocene, Italy.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Size and shape of Vulgocerithium: spire elongated, with almost conical outline; whorls adorned with straight axial ribs, crossed by spiral cords, which form granulations there; last whorl generally lower than one third of the total height, bearing a rather strong varix diametrically opposed to the labrum; base covered by spiral cords, often very prominent, excavated under the neck which is short and thin. Aperture small, oval-rounded, with narrow spiral groove limited by a parietal rib, not very prominent; canal short, strongly narrowed at its origin, little recurved and briefly truncated at its end; labrum with vertical profile, not prominent anteriorly, generally varicose externally, structured internally by the outer lamellae; columella excavated, curved S-shaped along the canal, without pliciform torsion; columellar margin rather thin, narrow, well limited on its basal outline.” (Cossmann 1906: 80–81, translated from French).</p><p>Discussion. The original diagnosis by Sacco (1895: 23) is very brief: “ forms like Cerithium but with more or less pronounced longitudinal ribs [translated from Italian].” Ptychocerithium Sacco, 1895 is characterized by relatively slender conical shells with more or less prominent axial ribs, a prominent parietal denticle and a strong varix on the last whorl placed at about 120–180° from outer lip. The species lack pointed tubercles and a predominant mid-whorl spiral cord, which is typical for many Thericium Monterosato, 1890 species. The type species has a regularly shaped, slender conical spire with convex early teleoconch whorls, which become weakly angulated during later stages of growth. Other Ptychocerithium species lack such angulation. The suture of P. granulinum Bellardi &amp; Michelotti, 1840 is linear due to the absence of varices. Other species included in Ptychocerithium, such as P. taurobronnoides (Sacco, 1895), P. turritoplicatum (Sacco, 1895), P. bronniforme (Hilber, 1882) and P. bronnii (Naumann, 1852), develop varices also on spire whorls and have an undulating suture.</p><p>Stratigraphy. Ptychocerithium appeared during the Rupelian in the Western Tethys with species like P. ighinai (Michelotti, 1861) and P. plicatoligocenica (Sacco, 1895) (Harzhauser 2004) and persisted in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea into the Tortonian and Messinian (Harzhauser et al. 2013b). Eocene species placed in this genus by Le Renard &amp; Pacaud (1995) and Astibia et al. (2018) are closer to Potamididae genera such as Serratocerithium Vignal, 1897 and should be excluded from Cerithiidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE356BDC42FF548727F5C4F9C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE356ADC47FF54864EF3C4FC00.text	211887DE356ADC47FF54864EF3C4FC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann 1852)	<div><p>Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann, 1852)</p><p>Figs 27C, 42A–D</p><p>[ Cerithium] Bronni Partsch—Hörnes 1845: 796 [nomen nudum].</p><p>[ Cerithium] Bronni Partsch— Hörnes 1848: 21 [nomen nudum].</p><p>* Cerithium Bronnii — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 21.</p><p>[ Cerithium] Bronni Partsch— Naumann 1854: 1066 .</p><p>Cerithium Bronni Partsch— Hörnes 1855: 407, pl. 42, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium Bronni— Quenstedt 1884: 499, pl. 204, figs 71–72.</p><p>Cerithium Bronni Partsch— Friedberg 1914: 258, pl. 16, fig. 9.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) Bronni Partsch— Sieber 1937: 493 .</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 22, pl. 2, figs 24, 25, 29, 30. Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 15.</p><p>C. (P [tychocerithium].) bronni Partsch— Sieber 1958: 137 .</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch in Hoernes 1856—Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 106, pl. 31, fig. 9.</p><p>Cerithium bronni Partsch (in Hörnes)— Strausz 1962: 44, text fig. 56.</p><p>Cerithium bronni Partsch (in Hörnes), 1845— Strausz 1966: 137, text fig. 63.</p><p>Cerithium bronni Partsch— Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 153, pl. 38, figs 1–2.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch (in Hörnes, 1845)— Nicorici 1972: 138, pl. 15, fig. 15.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch in Hörnes, 1845—Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 130, pl. 31, fig. 4.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch— Bałuk 1970: 118, pl. 10, fig. 16</p><p>Cerithium bronni Partsch (in Hoernes) 1845— Krach 1981: 60, pl. 16, figs 12–14.</p><p>Hemicerithium (Hemicerithium) subcostatum Bałuk, 1975 — Švagrovský 1981: 134, pl. 42, fig. 1 [non Thericium subcostatum (Bałuk, 1975)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch in M. Hoernes, 1856— Švagrovský 1982: 19, pl. 8, figs 2–3.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch in Hoernes, 1845— Atanacković 1985: 105, pl. 25, figs 5–8.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch— Schultz 1998: 58, pl. 22, fig. 2.</p><p>? Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch in Hörnes, 1845— Mikuž 2009: 19, pl. 4, figs 59–60.</p><p>non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) Bronni Partsch— Cossmann 1906: 81, pl. 4, fig. 2. non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) Bronni Partsch— Vignal 1911: 148, pl. 7, fig. 8. non Cerithium bronni Partsch in Hoernes, 1845— Collignon &amp; Cottreau 1927: 160, pl. 4, fig. 11. non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) turritoplicatum Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 22, pl. 2, figs 26–28 [non Sacco 1895]. non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 15. non Cerithium cfr. bronni turritoplicatum Sacco— Strausz 1962: 43, pl. 9, fig. 1 [non Sacco 1895]. non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni Partsch in Hörnes, 1845— Brébion 1964: 239, pl. 6, figs 16–20 [= Ptychocerithium inconditum (Millet, 1865)]. non Cerithium cfr. bronni turritoplicatum Sacco, 1895 — Strausz 1966: 138, pl. 9, fig. 1 [non Sacco 1895]. non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) turritoplicatum Sacco an sp. dist.— Kókay 1966: 45, pl. 6, fig. 17 [unidentifiable fragment]. non Cerithium bronni Partsch— Urbaniak 1974: 31, pl. 3, figs 4–5, pl. 12, fig. 17. [= Ptychocerithium distinctissimum (Eichwald, 1851)]. non Thericium bronni (Hörnes, 1856) — Van Dingenen et al. 2016: 110, pl. 1, figs 1–3 [= Ptychocerithium inconditum (Millet,</p><p>1865)]. non Thericium bronni (Hörnes, 1856) — Landau et al. 2018: 179, pl. 2, figs 1–2 [= Ptychocerithium sp.].</p><p>Type material. Neotype designated herein, NHMW 2023/0040/0001, SL: 32.1 mm, MD: 11.4 mm, Figs 42B 1 –B 2. The illustrations in Naumann (1852) have been provided by Paul Maria Partsch (1791–1856) and Moritz Hörnes, (1815–1868) (see Naumann 1854: 1963, footnote) and were based on material from the Natural History Museum Vienna. The manuscript of Partsch with these illustrations is still preserved and the material was later published by Hörnes (1855). Nevertheless, it is not possible to identify the specimens drawn by Partsch in the collection. Therefore, we designate the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1855: pl. 42, fig. 12) from Steinebrunn (Austria) as neotype. This is the same specimen, which was erroneously selected as lectotype by Švagrovský (1982: 19).</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1869/0001/0371, SL: 30.5 mm, MD: 9.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 42A 1 –A 2; NHMW 2023/0040/0002, SL: 32.2 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 42C; NHMW 1871/0010/0372, SL: 32.3 mm, MD: 9.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 42D; NHMW 1870/0033/0152, SL: 18.1 mm, MD: 4.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 27C.</p><p>Additional material. 1 spec., NHMW 1937 /0002/0303, Steinebrunn (Austria) , illustrated in Schaffer (1908, pl. 11, fig. 21); 24 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0170, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 58 spec., NHMW 1874 /0033/0015, Steinebrunn (Austria) , 78 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0367, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0312, Forchtenau (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1861 /0001/0267, Pöls (Austria) ; 14 spec., NHMW 1865 /0001/0234, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, slender conical shell of up to 15 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 30–32 mm in height; apical angle 22–26°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with periphery below mid-whorl. Weak, straight to slightly opisthocline, relatively narrow axial ribs crossed by three narrow primary spiral cords with secondary and tertiary spiral threads rapidly intercalated abapically. Abapically, around fifth whorl, ribs become wider spaced, 3–4 narrow cords below suture become coalescent, forming undulating subsutural band, separated by deeper groove, axially elongated subquadrate tubercles form over ribs on subsutural band, weakly pointed tubercles over three primary spirals below. Later teleoconch whorls moderately convex with 1–3 irregularly spaced, prominent varices and somewhat irregular axial ribs. Last whorl broad, convex, moderately high, attaining ~35–38% of total height, with swollen varix roughly opposite aperture and very prominent peribasal spiral cord. Base strongly constricted with distinct neck and short fasciole. Base and fasciole bearing narrow spiral cords. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella deeply and broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, moderately narrow, with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip wide, slightly thickened, with weakly crenulate edge. Some specimens with prominent lirae deep inside coinciding with varix. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, twisted, distinctly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. The authorship of this species was passed by most authors to Paul Maria Partsch (1791–1856), although Partsch used Cerithium bronni only on museum labels. A few authors, such as Nicorici (1972) and Mikuž (2009) referred to Partsch in Hörnes, 1845. In Hörnes (1845), however, the name Cerithium bronni was listed as nomen nudum. The name was made available unintentionally by the illustrations in Naumann (1852), predating the detailed description in Hörnes (1855). Naumann (1852) used bronnii instead of the grammatically correct bronni, which, however, is available according to ICZN Art. 33.4.</p><p>The varices and irregularly swollen axial ribs give this species a characteristic, somewhat irregular appearance. Nevertheless, this species was frequently confused with other cerithiids, and consequently the geographic and stratigraphic distribution was obscured by several misidentifications. Ptychocerithium tauroplanata (Sacco, 1895) and P. transiens (Sacco, 1895), from the Early Miocene of Italy, were introduced by Sacco (1895) as subspecies of P. bronnii . Both lack the varices seen in P. bronnii and develop regular axial ribs (see Sacco 1895: 26, pl. 2, figs 43– 45). Cossmann (1906) illustrated a specimen from the Early Miocene of France as Cerithium bronnii, which differs in its much broader axial ribs and absence of varices.Another specimen from the Early Miocene of France described by Vignal (1911) is broader and develops distinct tubercles along a faint mid-whorl angulation and at the subsutural cord and has a much higher last whorl. Glibert (1949) discussed a phylogenetic relation between P. bronnii and P. heptagonum from the Early Miocene of France. Cerithium heptagonum Mayer-Eymar, 1889 differs distinctly from P. bronnii in its much smaller size and the prominent axial ribs, which are continuously aligned across the entire shell (Mayer-Eymar 1889: 207, pl. 5, fig. 7) (note that Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922: pl. 5, figs 74–75 illustrated a specimen with much weaker axial ribs and without axial alignment as seen in C. heptagonum, which nevertheless has little in common with P. bronnii). The generic placement of Cerithium heptagonum will need revision, but we doubt that it is a Ptychocerithium .</p><p>The specimen illustrated by Glibert (1949: 47, pl. 9, fig. 11) as Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) bronni heptagonum is also much smaller and differs from P. bronnii in its broader shell, weaker axial ribs and absence of varices on spire whorls. This species might represent a Thericium .</p><p>Van Dingenen et al. (2016) reported P. bronnii also from the Pliocene of the Loire Basin (France). Their specimens, however, are broad conical with subobsolete axial ribs and prominent sculpture of delicate spiral threads. This seems to be a yet undescribed Thericium species. Specimens from the Tortonian of France, described by Landau et al. (2018) as Thericium bronni differ in their weak varices, weak spiral sculpture and regularly shaped axial ribs and represents an additional species for which Thericium inconditum (Millet, 1865) is an available name.</p><p>All these northeastern Atlantic species are unrelated to P. bronnii . In addition, P. bronnii was described by Collignon &amp; Cottreau (1927) from the Miocene of Madagascar (https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ f/item/r07554). This specimen has a broad conical shell with broad axial ribs, comparatively low whorls and is clearly not conspecific with the European species.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The frequent occurrence at Steinebrunn and Gainfarn (Austria) suggests inner neritic environments with seagrass cover (Zuschin et al. 2007; own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Widespread in the entire Central Paratethys Sea during the Badenian (Langhian, Early Serravallian).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa (Poland) (Bałuk 1970); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Pfaffstätten, Steinebrunn, Vienna /Grinzing, Vienna / Ottakring, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Mikulov (Czechia), Borský Mikuláš, Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) (Hörnes 1855; Sieber 1937; Švagrovský 1981, 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (hoc opus); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Janoschek 1931); Styrian Basin: Pöls (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Budapest (Illés street), Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954; Strausz 1966); Cserhát Hills (Hungary) (Strausz 1966); Gorenje Vrhpolje, Dolenja Brezovica (Slovenia) (Mikuž 2009); Creek Jazovac, Hrvaćani, Čaklovica (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Dylgodel’tsi, Opanets, Oryakhovitsa, Portitovtsi (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE356ADC47FF54864EF3C4FC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE356FDC78FF54840EF336F9E9.text	211887DE356FDC78FF54840EF336F9E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptychocerithium distinctissimum (Eichwald 1851)	<div><p>Ptychocerithium distinctissimum (Eichwald, 1851)</p><p>Figs 27B, 43A–L</p><p>* Cerithium distinctissimum — Eichwald 1851: 85, pl. 7, fig. 19.</p><p>Cerith [ium]. nanum m.— Eichwald 1851: 89, pl. 7, fig. 21 [non Cerithium nanum Adams, 1850].</p><p>Cerithium distinctissimum — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 19.</p><p>Cerithium nanum — Eichwald 1852: 2, pl. 7, fig. 21 [non Cerithium nanum Adams, 1850].</p><p>Cerith [ium]. distinctissimum m.— Eichwald 1853: 147.</p><p>Cerith [ium]. nanum m.— Eichwald 1853: 147 [non Cerithium nanum Adams, 1850].</p><p>C [erithium]. Bronniforme n. sp. — Hilber 1881: 184 [nomen nudum].</p><p>Cerithium Bronni-forme Hilber nova forma — Hilber 1882: 8, pl. 1, figs 16–17.</p><p>Cerithium distinctissimum Eichw.— Friedberg 1914: 259, pl. 16, figs 10–11.</p><p>Cerithium distinctissimum Eichw.—Krach 1950: 305, pl. 2, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium distinctissimum Eichwald 1853 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 153, pl. 38, fig. 5.</p><p>Cerithium distinctissimum Eichw.— Urbaniak 1974: 38, pl. 3, fig. 7.</p><p>Cerithium irregulare Dub.— Urbaniak 1974: 38, pl. 3, fig. 11 [non Cerithium irregulare Dubois de Montpéreux, 1831 = Chondrocerithium gibbosum (Eichwald, 1830)].</p><p>Cerithium bronni Partsch— Urbaniak 1974: 31, pl. 3, figs 4–5, pl. 12, fig. 17 [non Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann, 1852)].</p><p>non Cerithium nanum Eichw. var.— Krach 1935: 14, pl. 1, fig. 7 [? = aberrant Pithocerithium rubiginosum (Eichwald, 1830)] non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) distinctissimum Eichw.— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 16 [? = Thericium sp.]. non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) distinctissimum Eichw. an sp. dist.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 387, pl. 3, figs 15–16 [? =</p><p>Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) distinctissimum Eichwald 1853 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 107,</p><p>pl. 31, fig. 10 [? = Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium bronni distinctissimum Eichwald— Strausz 1962: 43, pl. 9, figs 2–3 [? = Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann,</p><p>1852)]. non Cerithium bronni distinctissimum Eichwald, 1853 — Strausz 1966: 138, pl. 9, figs 2–3 [? = Ptychocerithium bronnii</p><p>(Naumann, 1852)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein: specimen illustrated in Eichwald (1852: pl. 7, fig. 19), probably specimen SPSU 3/299, SL: 27 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Zavadintsi (Ukraine), late Badenian, Figs 43A 1 –A 2 . Paralectotype: ZI RAS 63731, SL: 17.2 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Tarnoruda (Ukraine), late Badenian, Fig. 43B .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1871 /0007/0001, SL: 27.2 mm, MD: 10.1 mm, Gliwice (“ Gleiwitz ”) (Poland), Figs 43C 1 –C 2 . PIN 5904 /84, SL: 22.8 mm, MD: 6.7 mm, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Fig. 43D . NHMW 2023 /0022/0003, SL: 25.3 mm, MD: 8.5 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Figs 43E 1 –E 2 . NHMW 2023 /0022/0004, SL: 23.9 mm, MD: 7.1 mm, Zalistsi (Ukraine), Figs 27B, 43F 1 –F 2 . NHMW 1859 /0040/0023, SL: 23.1 mm, MD: 7.2 mm, Golubytsya (Ukraine), Figs 43G 1 –G 2 . PIN 5904 /81, SL: 26 mm, MD: 9.3 mm, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Figs 43H 1 –H 2 . PIN 5904 /82, SL: 27 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Fig. 43I . PIN 5904 /83, SL: 29 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, ravine Zhabyak (Ukraine), Fig. 43J . PIN 5904 /85, SL: 20.5 mm, MD: 7.9 mm, Stara Pisochna (Ukraine), Fig. 43K . PIN 5904 /86, SL: 20 mm, MD: 7.6 mm, Sataniv (Ukraine), Fig. 43L.</p><p>Additional material. 8 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0397, Oles’ko; 2 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0483, Golubytsya (Ukraine) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, slender shell of up to 12 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 30 mm in height (all specimens are fragmentary); apical angle ~20–30°. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Spire whorls weakly convex with broad very irregular axial ribs separated by narrower interspaces. One or two prominent varices starting around fifth teleoconch whorl. Spiral sculpture of prominent primary and secondary spiral cords separated by narrower, but deep grooves. Narrow subsutural cord with indistinct beads delimited by slightly deeper and broader groove. Axial sculpture weak to subobsolete on last whorls. Suture narrowly to deeply incised, irregularly and weakly undulating. Last whorl low, moderately convex, attaining ~35–40% of total height. Two prominent varices at aperture and about 180° before. Base strongly constricted with one peribasal spiral cord and numerous primary and secondary spiral cords. Aperture ovate, wide. Columella broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad, moderately thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, moderately narrow, with prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip slightly thickened, with densely crenulated edge. Few spiral lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately narrow, twisted, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium nanum Eichwald, 1851, from the Badenian of Zaleśce (Salisze) (Ukraine), seems to be based on a juvenile P. distinctissimum . Cerithium nanum is preoccupied by Adams (1850: 117). Cerithium bronniforme Hilber, 1882, the syntypes from Golubytsya (Ukraine) were stored in the Geological Survey of Austria (Vienna) but were destroyed during World War II. Already Friedberg (1914: 259) considered Cerithium bronniforme as junior synonym of C. distinctissimum Eichwald, 1830 with which it co-occurs. This morphotype is characterized by the more prominent axial sculpture and deeper suture.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its irregular outline due to the broad varices, the crenulated outer lip, the shallow suture and the short canal. Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann, 1852) might be related, but differs in its more regular axial ribs, the slightly lower spire whorls and the weaker crenulation of the outer lip. Specimens from the Pannonian Basin, illustrated by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1956) and Strausz (1966) as Cerithium bronniforme, might rather represent aberrant specimens of Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann, 1852) .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the late Badenian of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidhirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Tarnów (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); Dibrova, Gorodok, Sataniv, Stara Pisochna, Tarnoruda, Varivtsi, Velyka Levada, Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Hołdy hill near Buchyna, Oles’ko, Plugiv, Yaseniv (Lviv Region), Mala Bilka, Mykulyntsi, Myslova, Rydomyl’, Staryi Pochaiv, Velyka Bilka (= Bilka), Zalistsi, ravine Zhabyak near Dzvynyacha, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Hilber 1882; Friedberg 1914; hoc. opus); Błoń, Bogucic, Gliwice (“Gleiwitz”) (Poland) (Krach 1950; hoc opus).</p><p>An additional Ptychocerithium species might be represented by a cast illustrated in Steininger (1973: 406, pl. 4, fig. 8) as Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) granulinum Bellardi et Michelotti, 1840 from Bántapuszta (Hungary). The poor preservation does not allow a clear identification. The locality was listed as Ottnangian by Steininger (1973) but is now considered to be of Karpatian age based on the pectinid assemblages (Oleg Mandic pers. comm. 29. 2. 2025).</p><p>Genus Thericium Monterosato, 1890</p><p>Type species. Cerithium vulgatum Bruguière, 1792; original designation by Monterosato (1890: 163). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Shell small to medium with long spire of many whorls (6-13). Whorls separated by weak sinus and sculptured with spiral cords which may be beaded or nodular; tubercles sometimes prominent at periphery or extending radially to form axial riblets. Several varices scattered on whorls; varix opposite outer lip on body whorl. Outer lip slightly expanded, moderately crenulate. Siphonal canal short, moderately recurved; anal canal short. Columella slightly curved or straight with weak fold bordering anal sinus.” (Houbrick 1974: 38).</p><p>Discussion. Cerithium Bruguière, 1789 species are Indo-Pacific taxa, characterized by a flaring outer lip, with a tooth-like extension projecting abapically over the anterior siphonal canal and a relatively longer siphonal canal. We therefore agree with Houbrick (1974, p. 39) in separating the Atlantic and Mediterranean forms from the larger Indo-Pacific species and treat Thericium Monterosato, 1890 at full generic rank. Later, Houbrick (1992: 10), doubted that this separation was justified and considered the discussed conchological features unreliable. Consequently, Thericium is not accepted by MolluscaBase eds. (2021). To our knowledge, no molecular data has been published to date that might decide this matter, and we prefer to keep Thericium separate from Cerithium following Landau et al. (2013), Van Dingenen et al. (2016), Vermeij (2017) and others.</p><p>Distribution. Western Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea (Houbrick 1974) .</p><p>Objective synonyms</p><p>Gourmierium Jousseaume, 1894; introduced by Jousseaume (1894: 396) in a list in which he placed Thericium vulgatum, T. rupestre and T. pulchellum . Subsequent type species designation by Houbrick (1974: 38).</p><p>Goumierium Monterosato, 1910; introduced by Monterosato (1910: 65) as emendation of Gourmierium Jousseaume, 1894</p><p>Vulgocerithium Sacco, 1895; Sacco (1895: 7) introduced the name Vulgocerithium referring to a letter from M. Cossmann and listed Cerithium vulgatum and Cerithium europaeum as species. Subsequent type designation by Cossmann (1906: 77).</p><p>Subjective synonyms</p><p>Drillocerithium Monterosato, 1910; type species Cerithium protractum Bivona, 1838; subsequent designation by Houbrick (1974: 38). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Gladiocerithium Monterosato, 1910, type species Cerithium alucastrum (Brocchi, 1814); original designation by Monterosato (1910: 68). Pliocene, Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Hirtocerithium Monterosato, 1910; type species Hirtocerithium pugioniforum Monterosato, 1910 [= subjective junior synonym of Thericium vulgatum], by monotypy (Monterosato 1910: 73). Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Lithocerithium Monterosato, 1910, type species Lithocerithium fuscatum Costa, 1829, original designation by Monterosato (1910: 75) [= subjective junior synonym of Thericium lividulum (Risso, 1826)]. Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>Pliocerithium Monterosato, 1910; type species Pliocerithium holothurium Monterosato, 1910, original designation by Monterosato (1910: 67). Pliocene, Mediterranean Sea. Considered a subjective junior synonym of Thericium vulgatum by Houbrick (1974: 38) but might be a valid Pliocene species (Appolloni et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE356FDC78FF54840EF336F9E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3550DC78FF548665F48DF819.text	211887DE3550DC78FF548665F48DF819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium crenatum (Brocchi 1814)	<div><p>Thericium crenatum group</p><p>This group of species is characterized by its relatively slender outline and sculpture of band-like primary and secondary spiral cords with relatively small and close-set tubercles on late teleoconch whorls. The aperture is relatively narrow, oblique with a crenulated outer lip. Species of this group generally lack the mid-whorl angulation of the Thericium vulgatum group and lack prominent, pointed tubercles along the mid-whorl spiral cord. The last representative of this group is the eponymous Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814) from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea. No closely related species exists in the modern fauna of the Mediterranean Sea. The crenatum -group is represented in the Paratethys Sea by eight species. The genus did not pass the Badenian/Sarmatian Extinction Event (Harzhauser &amp; Piller 2007) but survived into the Pliocene in the Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3550DC78FF548665F48DF819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3553DC7BFF548083F6DDF849.text	211887DE3553DC7BFF548083F6DDF849.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium basilicum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium basilicum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 44A–E</p><p>Cerithium cf. dzieduszyckii Fried., 1914 — Yanakevich 1980: 103, pl. 17, fig. 1 [non Thericium dzieduszyckii (Friedberg, 1914)].</p><p>Cerithium dzieduszyckii Friedberg, 1914 — Yanakevich 1987: 45, pl. 2, fig. 15 [non Thericium dzieduszyckii (Friedberg, 1914)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype PIN 5904 /74, SL: 36.2 mm, MD: 12.9 mm, Figs 44A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes: PIN 5904 /75, SL: 34.8 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Figs 44B 1 –B 2 . PIN 5904 /76, SL: 42.3 mm, MD: 13.1 mm, Fig. 44C . PIN 5904 /77, SL: 41 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Fig. 44D . PIN 5904 /74, SL: 35 mm, MD: 12.8 mm, Fig. 44E .</p><p>Type locality. Bursuc (Moldova), Moldavian Platform .</p><p>Type stratum. Clayey sand.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, latest Badenian (Serravallian).</p><p>Etymology. After Latin basilicus —magnificent.</p><p>Diagnosis. Large sized, slender to moderately slender shells, with straight-sided late whorls without angled periphery, with three wide-spaced spiral cords and narrow, concave subsutural ramp; close-set, weak axial sculpture, with small, slightly pointed tubercles on cords; aperture elongate-ovate, with well-developed anal and siphonal canals.</p><p>Description. Large sized, slender to moderately slender shell with weakly cyrtoconoid spire of at least 14 teleoconch whorls, attaining 35–43 mm in height. Protoconch unknown. Earliest teleoconch whorls convex with two primary spiral cords. Axial sculpture and first secondary cord on subsutural ramp appear on third teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls with subcylindrical periphery and narrow, concave subsutural ramp below prominent subsutural spiral cord. Suture distinctly incised, deeper on early teleoconch. Prominent spiral cord appears at abapical suture on later whorls; cord often emerging from suture on late teleoconch whorls. Up to three weak secondary cords on subsutural ramp between subsutural cord and first secondary cord becoming most prominent in late whorls; one thin secondary cord between primary cords. Axial sculpture of early teleoconch of prominent, weakly opisthocline ribs fading on subsutural ramp. Axial ribs indistinct on later teleoconch whorls, expressed by small, spiny nodes at intersections with spiral cords. Axial ribs greatly increasing in number on last whorl. Last whorl attaining 42–48% of total height, with one wide varix placed opposite aperture. Base with prominent peribasal cord and two close-set, convex, rarely nodulose spiral cords mid-base, about three additional, weaker cords over fasciole.Aperture elongate-ovate. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated. Columellar callus forming thick, broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal narrow, deeply incised, constricted by prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip not thickened, slightly crenulated. Siphonal canal moderately long and wide, recurved, adapically deflected and sometimes bent to the left.</p><p>Discussion. The species displays some variability concerning sculpture of the late teleoconch. Strongly sculptured, moderately slender shells with more prominent and less frequent axial ribs and well-developed nodes predominate.</p><p>Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814), from the Mediterranean Pliocene is similar but differs in its more slender shell and delicate sculpture of rounded, subquadratic tubercles (see Chirli 2006: pl. 34, figs 1–5). Thericium basilicum sp. nov. differs from T. chamaeleo sp. nov. and T. podhorcense (Hilber, 1882) in its more slender shell with more delicate spiral sculpture and nodes, especially in comparison with T. chamaeleo . Thericium basilicum might be part of the anagenetic lineage T. chamaeleo (early/middle Badenian)— T. podhorcense (late Badenian)— T. basilicum (latest Badenian). This succession led to successively more slender shells with less prominent, delicate sculpture, simultaneously coinciding with an increasing variability of sculpture. This might reflect the rather isolated conditions and aberrant water chemistry in the region during the late Badenian.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Latest Badenian (Serravallian) of the Moldavian Platform.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Moldavian Platform: Bursuc, Naslavcea (Moldova) (Yanakevich 1980; hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3553DC7BFF548083F6DDF849	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3552DC7CFF5486CEF2BFFD38.text	211887DE3552DC7CFF5486CEF2BFFD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium bursucense Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium bursucense sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 44F 1 –F 3</p><p>Type material. Holotype, PIN 5904 /79, SL: 50.3 mm, MD: 15 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Figs 44F 1 –F 3.</p><p>Type locality. Bursuc (Moldova), Moldavian Platform .</p><p>Type stratum. Coquina in clays.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, latest Badenian (Serravallian).</p><p>Etymology. After the locality, village Bursuc.</p><p>Diagnosis. Large sized, slender shell, characterized by change in sculpture from predominant axial sculpture on early convex teleoconch whorls towards spirally ornamented and flattened later whorls with narrow subsutural concavity and delicate and dense axial ribs forming numerous small tubercles with spiral sculpture.</p><p>Description. Large sized, moderately slender shell with orthoconoid spire of no less than 14 teleoconch whorls, attaining near 60 mm in height. Protoconch and earliest teleoconch whorls unknown. First preserved teleoconch whorls convex with prominent axial ribs and varices overrun by about six close-set delicate primary and secondary spiral cords. About nine axial ribs and three varices per whorl (one varix after three axial ribs). Periphery around mid-whorl. Suture weakly incised, deeper on early teleoconch. Sculpture changes on later teleoconch whorls (on last eight-six preserved whorls). Axial ribs weaken and increase in number; number of ribs between indistinct varices increase to ten. Varices become subobsolete on last seven-five teleoconch whorls. Whorl profile almost straight sided except for distinct, narrow concavity below subsutural spiral cord. Subsutural cord bears two delicately tubercular spiral threads; even weaker tubercular spiral cord in concavity, which is abapically delimited by additional tubercular cord. Another seven narrow, low, weakly tuberculate spiral cords, follow abapically. Spiral sculpture overrunning&gt;40 narrow, delicate, weakly opisthocyrt axial ribs per whorl. Last whorl with varix placed opposite aperture. Base with one moderately prominent peribasal cord and about five further spiral cords over base and fasciole. Aperture largely broken. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming moderately broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Siphonal canal moderately long and wide, curved abaperturally, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is known only from one locality from strata dated as uppermost Badenian with impoverished, partly endemic fauna, which is comparable to the Buglovian fauna (= latest Badenian) of Laskarev 1914 (648, 652: strata of Ushytsya river). We interpret Thericium bursucense sp. nov. as a result of anagenesis derived from the late Badenian T. dzieduszyckii (Friedberg, 1914), from which it differs in the numerous and more delicate axial sculpture without nodes on late teleoconch whorls and the delicate spiral sculpture.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Latest Badenian (Serravallian) of the Moldavian Platform.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Moldavian Platform: Bursuc (Moldova) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3552DC7CFF5486CEF2BFFD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3554DC7FFF548356F6AFFCDC.text	211887DE3554DC7FFF548356F6AFFCDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium chamaeleo Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium chamaeleo sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 27D, 45A–F</p><p>Cerithium crenatum Brocc. var.— Hörnes 1855: 408 (pars) [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype NHMW 1879 /0033/0147, SL: 39.2 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 45F 1 –F 2 . Paratypes, NHMW 1854 /0035/0296, SL: 32.6 mm, MD: 11.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 27D, 45D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 2023 /0042/0001, SL: 35.7 mm, MD: 11.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 45C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023 /0042/0002, SL: 22.0 mm, MD: 7.9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 45A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 2023 /0043/0001, SL: 27.1 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 45B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023 /0043/0002, SL: 26.4 mm, MD: 8.8 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 45E 1 –E 2 .</p><p>Additional paratypes. 1spec. NHMW2023 /0044/0001, Nemeşeşti (Romania) ; 1spec., NHMW1866 /0040/0325, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 31 spec. NHMW 1854 /0035/0297, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1868 /0019/0190, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) ; 4 spec., NHMW 2023 /0043/0003, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Făget Basin.</p><p>Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early/middle Badenian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. After the chamaeleon genus Chamaeleo, referring to the changeable sculpture and the fact the shells were hidden amongst other species in the collections.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, slender shell with subcylindrical whorls, characterized by change in sculpture from predominant spiral sculpture on early teleoconch whorls, then prominent axial ribs mid-spire and last whorls again with prominent spiral cords with tubercles. Aperture relatively narrow with crenulated outer lip.</p><p>Description. Medium sized, slender shell with cyrtoconoid spire of up to 11 teleoconch whorls, attaining 22–39 mm in height; apical angle 35–45°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with periphery slightly above abapical suture. Sculpture of three narrow primary spiral cords. One secondary spiral thread intercalated between each pair of primaries and on narrow subsutural ramp. Intermediate whorl profile subcylindrical; sculpture changing around fifth teleoconch whorl by appearance of axial ribs and tuberculose subsutural spiral cord. Axial ribs on sixth to seventh teleoconch whorl prominent, terminating in weakly pointed tubercles at subsutural ramp. Suture moderately incised, weakly undulating. On late whorls axial ribs disintegrating into three primary spiral rows of close-set, prominent, pointed to rounded tubercles placed at adapical and abapical suture and just above mid-whorl. Prominent secondary spiral cord between adapical primary cords and two secondaries between lower pair of primaries, the upper of these two secondaries weakly tubercular in some specimens, adjoined by weaker tertiary threads. Last whorl high, weakly convex, attaining ~40–45% of total height. Base weakly constricted. Second spiral cord (= mid-whorl cord) most prominent with slightly pointed tubercles, coinciding with faint angulation. Single varix present on spire whorls in some specimens, plus single varix on last whorl placed about 90°behind outer lip edge. Base with prominent, weakly tubercular peribasal spiral cord, two further strong cords over base, plus secondary cords in some specimens. Aperture ovate, relatively narrow. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated. Columellar callus forming thick, broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal narrow, deeply incised, low parietal denticle. Outer lip not thickened, crenulated. Siphonal canal moderately long and wide, recurved, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its twofold change in sculpture during ontogeny and by the elongate bullet-shaped outline of fully-grown specimens. Despite these typical features, the shells were mixed in the NHMW collection with other species of the Thericium crenatum group, such as Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895) . These differ clearly in their early teleoconch whorls, which bear axial ribs. There are no other similar species in the Paratethys. Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814), from the Mediterranean Pliocene, differs in its more delicate sculpture with much weaker tubercles and the varix on the last whorl is opposite the outer lip.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Badenian (Langhian) of the Făget Basin in Romania, suggesting a distribution in the southern part of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus, Nemeşeşti (Romania) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3554DC7FFF548356F6AFFCDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3557DC7EFF548372F251F9CE.text	211887DE3557DC7EFF548372F251F9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium dzieduszyckii (Friedberg 1914)	<div><p>Thericium dzieduszyckii (Friedberg, 1914)</p><p>Figs 46A–D</p><p>* Cerithium dzieduszyckii Friedb.— Friedberg 1914: 263, pl. 16, figs 7, 12.</p><p>Cerithium Dzieduszyckii Friedb.—Friedberg 1928: 596 .</p><p>Cerithium Dzieduszyckii Friedb.— Friedberg 1938a: 94 .</p><p>Cerithium dzieduszyckii Friedberg, 1914 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 153, pl. 38, fig. 6.</p><p>Cerithium dzieduszyckii Friedb.— Urbaniak 1974: 31, pl. 13, fig. 1.</p><p>non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) aff. dzieduszyckii Friedberg— Švagrovský 1960: 76, 138, pl. 7, fig. 10.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein, specimen illustrated in Friedberg 1914: pl. 16, fig. 7, SL: 34.7 mm, MD: 14.8 mm, Golubytsya (Ukraine), late Badenian (Middle Miocene); Friedberg (1914) gave Hołubica (= Golubytsya) as locality in the plate captions but did not mention the locality in his description on page 263. Therefore, the type locality remains unclear. The specimens were probably stored in the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Lviv (formerly Muzeum Dzieduszyckich) but not found in that part of Friedberg’s collection and are probably lost.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5904/111, SL: 31.2 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Zaichyky (Ukraine), Fig. 46A; PIN 5904/112, SL: 29.3 mm, MD: 13.3 mm, Gryts’kiv (Ukraine), Fig. 46B; PIN 5904/113, SL: 43.7 mm, MD: 15.7 mm, Lanivtsi (Ukraine), Fig. 46C; PIN 5904/114, SL: 15.4 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Zaichyky (Ukraine), Fig. 46D.</p><p>Revised description. Large sized, slender shell with orthoconoid spire of about 14 teleoconch whorls, attaining near 60–70 mm in height. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls angled below mid-whorl, changing to subcylindrical profile on later whorls. Suture distinctly incised on early teleoconch, shallower on late teleoconch. First teleoconch whorl with two prominent close-set spiral cords placed at and below mid-whorl; adapical one coinciding with angulation. First secondary spiral cord appears on third whorl at adapical suture before start of axial sculpture. Subsequent whorls with prominent axial ribs, separated by slightly wider interspaces. Numerous additional secondary cords intercalated on later whorls. Abapically, axial ribs weaken, alternating with poorly defined varices (about two axial ribs between varices, but separation becomes difficult on late teleoconch). Number of axial ribs increasing with ontogeny from nine on early whorls to 12–14 on middle whorls, 14–15 whorls on penultimate whorl. Later whorls with broad, indistinctly tuberculate subsutural cord (appearing on fifth whorl), shallow concavity below with two smooth cords, followed by faint angulation caused by slightly elevated, weakly tuberculate spiral cord, followed by two smooth spiral bands and slightly more prominent cord with faint tubercles. One or two weaker spiral cords at abapical suture. Last whorl with large varix opposite aperture. Base strongly constricted, with broad peribasal cord, which is partly visible at suture on preceding whorls. Second prominent spiral cord in middle of base accompanied by three to four weaker cords. Aperture poorly preserved. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated. Columellar callus forming thick, broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Siphonal canal moderately long and clearly curved.</p><p>Discussion. This species is known only from subadult shells and fragments of adult shells lacking early whorls. It differs from Thericium bursucense sp. nov. in its more prominent, less numerous and wider-spaced axial ribs, with more prominent tubercles and more prominent spiral sculpture on late whorls. We await further material to better characterize this species.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. An endemic species from the late Badenian (Serravallian) of the Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian part of the Central Paratethys.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya (Lviv Region); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Tarnów (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); Gryts’kiv, Tarnoruda, Zaichyky (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Fashchivka, Lanivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914, 1938a, hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3557DC7EFF548372F251F9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3556DC70FF54865FF5FBFD4C.text	211887DE3556DC70FF54865FF5FBFD4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium grundense (Sacco 1895)	<div><p>Thericium grundense (Sacco, 1895)</p><p>Figs 27E, 47A–D</p><p>Cerithium crenatum Brocc. var.— Hörnes 1855: 408 (pars), pl. 42, fig. 14 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>* [ Cerithium crenatum] var. grundensis Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 19 .</p><p>Cerithium procrenatum Sacco var. Grundensis Sacc.— Vetters 1910: 148 .</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco— Sieber 1937: 493, pl. 24, fig. E2 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum Brocchi var. communicata n. v. — Sieber 1937: 494, pl. 24, fig. E1 [non E3 = Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium cf. procrenatum (Sacco) — Zlinská &amp; Fordinál 1992: 73, pl. 15, fig. 1 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum Brocchi— Schultz 1998: 54, pl. 22, fig. 3 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>non Cerithium procrenatum Sacco var. Grundensis Sacco— Bauer 1900: 32, pl. 1, fig. 11 [= Terebralia sp.]. Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1855/0045/0767, SL: 39.3 mm, MD: 13.9 mm, Grund (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 42, fig. 14), Figs 47A 1 –A 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0045/0001, SL: 42.1 mm, MD: 14.3 mm, Grund (Austria), Figs 27E, 47B 1 – B 2. NHMW 2023/0045/0002, SL: 41.2 mm, MD: 13.1 mm, Grund (Austria), Fig. 47C. NHMW 2023/0045/0003, SL: 42.9 mm, MD: 13.3 mm, Grund (Austria), Fig. 47D.</p><p>Additional material. 10 spec., NHMW 2023 /0045/0004, Grund (Austria) ; 14 spec., NHMW 1861 /0040/0073, Grund (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2023 /0045/0005, Grund (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1999 z0004/0032, syntype of Cerithium crenatum communicata Sieber, 1837, Grund (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1999 z0004/0024, Guntersdorf (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937, pl. 24, fig. E2).</p><p>Revised description. Large, slender conical shell of about 13 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 35–45 mm in height; apical angle 28–30°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex, rather low with prominent subsutural spiral cord and prominent axial ribs, separated by slightly wider interspaces. Two tubercular spiral cords placed mid-whorl and above abapical suture appear on axial ribs around fourth teleoconch whorl. Around sixth to seventh teleoconch whorl profile becomes faintly convex to straight sided, adapical spiral differentiates into tubercular subsutural cord delimited from other cords by deeper groove, this differentiation more marked in some specimens than others. Tubercles on all spirals low, rounded, of roughly equal strength, with one secondary intercalated in each interspace. On late whorls tubercles become weaker and blurred; primary spiral cords separated by constantly widening interspace with two secondary spirals intercalated. Last whorl moderately convex to subcylindrical, attaining ~40% of total height. Base and fasciole with numerous secondary to tertiary spiral cords. Base convex passing via distinct, concave neck into weak siphonal fasciole. Aperture elongate-ovate. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal incised, weak parietal denticle. Outer lip slightly thickened, weakly crenulated. Siphonal canal moderately short and wide, slightly deflected to the left, weakly notched.</p><p>Discussion. This species might be the ancestor of Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895) and both might be interpreted as anagenetic lineage from the early Badenian T. grundense (Sacco, 1895) to the late Badenian T. poetzleinsdorfense . Thericium poetzleinsdorfense is distinguished from T. grundense by the more delicate sculpture, smaller, more pointed tubercles and more prominent secondary spiral cords. The sculpture weakens during ontogeny and is rather blurred on the last whorl in T. grundense but remains prominent on the last whorl of T. poetzleinsdorfense . Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895), from the Burdigalian of the Colli Torinesi (Italy), is reminiscent of T. grundense . However, the Italian species differs distinctly in its mid-whorl angulation and the presence of two spiral cords intercalated between the adsutural beaded cord and the mid-whorl spiral cord. Moreover, its last whorl is higher and more conically constricted (see Sacco 1895: pl. 2, fig. 1; Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: pl. 34, fig. 12).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The locality Grund is represented by fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments, bearing allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (Zuschin et al. 2005; Roetzel 2009). Preservation and reddish color of the fossil shells, suggest, that Thericium grundense belonged to the allochthonous shallow water fauna and not to the autochthonous deep-water fauna.</p><p>Distribution. Known so far only from the early Badenian (Early Langhian) of the type region in the North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep and the adjacent part of the Vienna Basin in the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Grund, Guntersdorf, Windpassing (Austria) (Hörnes 1855; hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Nodendorf (Austria) (Vetters 1910); Danube Basin: Smolenice (Slovakia) (Zlinská &amp; Fordinál 1992).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3556DC70FF54865FF5FBFD4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3558DC73FF5482C2F4DBFA0E.text	211887DE3558DC73FF5482C2F4DBFA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium podhorcense (Hilber 1882)	<div><p>Thericium podhorcense (Hilber, 1882)</p><p>Figs 48A–E</p><p>* Cerithium Podhorcense Hilber nova forma — Hilber 1882: 6, pl. 1, fig. 9.</p><p>Cerithium Podhorcense Hilb.— Friedberg 1914: 261, pl. 16, fig. 8, text fig. 57.</p><p>Cerithium Podhorcense Hilb.—Friedberg 1928: 596 .</p><p>Cerithium podhorcense Hilb.— Friedberg 1938a: 94 .</p><p>Cerithium podhorcense Hilber, 1882 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 10.</p><p>non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) podhorcense Hilber — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 23, pl. 2, figs 6–9.</p><p>non Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum aff. podhorcense Hilber— Švagrovský 1960: 76, 138, pl. 7, fig. 9.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, illustrated in Hilber (1882: pl. 1, fig. 9), SL: 25 mm, MD: 10 mm, Pidhirtsi (Ukraine), late Badenian (Middle Miocene). The specimen was stored in the Geological Survey of Austria but seems to be lost. Friedberg (1914: 261) notes that the holotype was given to him for description. Thus, the specimen might never have been returned or it was destroyed during World War II.</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 5904/106, SL: 29.2 mm, MD: 11 mm, Figs 48A 1 –A 2. PIN 5904/107, SL: 29.7 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Fig. 48B. PIN 5904/108, SL: 31 mm, MD: 11 mm, Fig. 48C. PIN 5904/109, SL: 29.6 mm, MD: 10 mm, Fig. 48D. PIN 5904/110, SL: 33 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Fig. 50E. All from Dibrova (Ukraine), late Badenian (Middle Miocene).</p><p>Revised description. Large sized, moderately slender to slender shells of about 12 teleoconch whorls, attaining 30–35 mm in height; apical angle ~36°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls with two prominent primary cords overriding ~9–11 prominent, slightly opisthocline axial ribs, separated by subequal interspaces; penultimate whorl with 14–16 axial ribs. Whorl profile weakly convex on early whorls: later whorls with narrow, concave subsutural ramp, weak angulation below and subcylindrical to weakly convex periphery. Suture distinctly incised on early whorls, superficial on late teleoconch. Later teleoconch whorls with prominent, tuberculate subsutural cord and two more prominent, tuberculate cords along periphery. Tubercles slightly pointed, often more prominent on mid-cord. One or two weak spiral cords on subsutural ramp, one smooth cord between lower tuberculate spiral cords and narrow cord at abapical suture. Axial ribs on early whorls weaken rapidly, expressed mainly by tubercles on spiral cords on late teleoconch whorls. Last whorl slightly convex, attaining 41–47% of total height. Axial sculpture on last whorl subobsolete. Base moderately constricted, convex with two prominent, faintly tubercular peribasal cords with one or two weaker spiral cords or threads intercalated. Two to four additional spiral cords on base and fasciole. Aperture elongate-ovate. Columella broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming thick, broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Outer lip slightly thickened, weakly flaring. Siphonal canal moderately short and wide, slightly deflected to the left, weakly notched.</p><p>Discussion. Several authors discussed a relationship to the Thericium crenatum group (e.g., Švagrovský 1960; Strausz 1966), but Thericium podhorcense (Hilber, 1882) lacks spiral rows of beads typical for this group, which lacks axials on late teleoconch whorls. Moreover, Thericium podhorcense has a shoulder with pointed tubercles, which the crenatum group does not. Members of the T. crenatum group are generally more slender and have a more delicate sculpture.</p><p>Specimens described by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1954, 1972), Strausz (1955, 1966) and Švagrovský (1960) from Hungary and Slovakia have a rather coarse sculpture and might be closer to Thericium posidoniaphilum sp. nov. and related species. Thericium podhorcense is another species endemic to the Fore-Carpathian Basin like Chondrocerithium gibbosum (Eichwald, 1830) and Ptychocerithium distinctissimum (Eichwald, 1851) .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data M.H.)</p><p>Distribution. A rare species documented from the late Badenian of the Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin and the Voronyaky Hills. Occurrences in the Pannonian and Danube basins are based on misidentifications.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Voronyaky Hills: Golubytsya, Pidhirtsi (Lviv Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova, Ripyntsi, Tarnoruda (Khmel’nytskyi Region), Oles’ko (Lviv Region), Fashchivka (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914, 1938a, hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3558DC73FF5482C2F4DBFA0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE355BDC74FF54861FF50EF814.text	211887DE355BDC74FF54861FF50EF814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco 1895)	<div><p>Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895)</p><p>Figs 27G, 49A–F</p><p>Cerithium crenatum? Lam.— Pusch 1837: 148 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>[ Cerithium] crenatum Defr.— Hauer 1837: 419 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>[ Cerithium] crenatum Defr.— Hörnes 1848: 21 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum Brocc. var.— Hörnes 1855 (pars): 408, pl. 42, fig. 13 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>* [ Cerithium crenatum Sacc.] var. pötzleinsdorfensis Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 19 .</p><p>Cerithium procrenatum Sacco— Friedberg 1914: 264, pl. 16, fig. 13 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum Brocchi var. communicata [sic] n. v.— Sieber 1937: 494 (pars), pl. 24, fig. E3 [non E1 = Thericium grundense (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco— Sieber 1937: 493 (pars), pl. 24, figs E4, F1–2, 4 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)] [non E2 = Thericium grundense (Sacco, 1895); F3 = Thericium posidoniaphilum sp. nov.].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) procrenatum Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 31, pl. 2, fig. 1 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) procrenatum Sacc. var.— Strausz 1954: 16, 96 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum Brocchi var. — Moisescu 1955: 119, pl. 10, fig. 10 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum Brocchi, 1836 — Strausz 1955: 28, 146, pl. 1, figs 16–17 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>? Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum procrenatum Sacco, 1895 — Strausz 1955: 30, 148, pl. 1, fig. 10 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum communicatum Sieber 1937 — Strausz 1955: 31, 149, pl. 1, figs 12–13.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco— Švagrovský 1956: 313, text fig 27 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>C [erithium]. (P [tychocerithium].) crenatum procrenatum Sacc.— Sieber 1958: 137 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>C [erithium]. (P [tychocerithium].) crenatum communicatum Sieber— Sieber 1958: 137 .</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum procrenatum Sacco— Švagrovský 1959: 222, pl. 6, fig. 15 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum procrenatum Sacco— Švagrovský 1960: 75, 138, pl. 7, figs 7–8 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum var. communicata [sic] Sieber 1937 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 107, pl. 31, figs 12–14.</p><p>Cerithium crenatum procrenatum Sacco— Švagrovský 1964: 84, pl. 16, fig. 4 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum communicatum Sieber— Strausz 1962: 44, pl. 9, figs 8–9.</p><p>Cerithium crenatum Brocchi— Strausz 1962: 45, pl. 9, fig. 10 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz 1966: 135, pl. 9, fig. 10 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum communicatum Sieber, 1937 — Strausz 1966: 136, pl. 9, figs 8–9.</p><p>Cerithium procrenatum Sacco, 1895 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 155, pl. 38, fig. 11 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum crenatum Brocchi, 1814 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 131, pl. 31, fig. 5 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum procrenatum Sacco, 1895 —Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968: 131, pl. 31, fig. 6 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium ( Phychocerithium [sic] crenatum procrenatum (Sacco) — Popović &amp; Gagić 1969: 99, pl.8, fig. 9 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco— Atanacković 1969: 196, pl. 8, fig. 20 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco— Bałuk 1970: 118, pl. 10, fig. 17 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum procrenata [sic] (Sacco)— Eremija 1971: 66, pl. 7, figs 6–7 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (P.) crenatum Brocchi— Stancu et al. 1971: plate captions, pl. 4, fig. 11 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) procrenatum Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 18 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum procrenatum Sacco, 1895 — Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973: 166, 193, pl. 24, figs 4–5 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) crenatum communicatum Sieber 1937 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1044, 1108.</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco, 1895 — Švagrovský 1982: 19, pl. 8, fig. 5 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum (Sacco, 1895) — Atanacković 1985: 105, pl. 25, figs 1–4 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum procrenatum Sacco— Ionesi &amp; Nicorici 1994: 61, pl. 4, figs 23–24 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum Brocchi— Hladilová et al. 2004 pl. 1, figs 1–8 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco, 1895 — Bałuk 2006: 198, pl. 8, figs 10–11.</p><p>Cerithium crenatum ssp.— Hladilová &amp; Fordinál 2013: 40, pl. 5, fig. b [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814) — Popa et al. 2014: 8, pl. 1, fig. 5 [non Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1846 /0037/0377, SL: 43.7 mm, MD: 14.2 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 42, fig. 13), Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, Figs 49B 1 –B 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0028/0002, SL: 44.6 mm, MD: 12.2 mm, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Figs 49A 1 –A 2. NHMW 1999z0004/0015, SL: 38.6 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Ritzing (Austria), illustrated in Sieber (1937, pl. 24, fig. E4). Figs 49C 1 –C 2. NHMW 1999z0004/0033, SL: 40.8 mm, MD: 12.7 mm, illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. E3), lectotype (designated herein) of Cerithium communicatum Sieber, 1937, Figs 49D 1 –D 2. NHMW 2023/0046/0001, SL: 45.9 mm, MD: 12.9 mm, Pöls (Austria) Figs 49E 1 –E 2. NHMW 1861/0032/0052, SL: 57.9 mm, MD: 17.0 mm, Buituri (Romania), Figs 49F 1 –F 2. NHMW 2023/0047/0001, SL: 47.3 mm, MD: 13.7 mm, Buituri (Romania), Fig. 27G.</p><p>Additional material. 12 spec. NHMW 1848 /0003/0025, Ritzing (Austria) ; 10 spec., NHMW 2023 /0024/0005, Ritzing (Austria) ; 14 spec., NHMW 1870 /0037/0025, Ritzing (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1874 /0024/0063, Ritzing (Austria) ; 4 spec. NHMW 1878 /0041/0019, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) ; 1 spec. NHMW 1999 z0004/0016, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937, pl. 24, fig. F2); 26 spec., NHMW 1865 /0001/0948, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1869 /0029/0004, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) ; 1 spec. NHMW 1999 z0004/0031, Vienna / Ottakring (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937, pl. 24, fig. F4); 8 spec., NHMW 1860 /0005/0046, Pöls (Austria) ; 15 spec., NHMW 2023 /0046/0002, Pöls (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1855 /0020/0018, Guglitz (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1861 /0032/0052, Buituri (Romania) ; 2 spec., NHMW1859 /0040/0028, Zalistsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1855 /0035/0023, Belgrade / Rakovica (Serbia) ; 2 spec., NHM 1869/0001/0708, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) ; 6 spec., NHM 1867/0019/0190, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1854 /0035/0295, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Large, slender conical shell of about 12 teleoconch whorls, attaining 40–60 mm in height; apical angle ~30°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex, with several spiral cords and prominent axial ribs separated by slightly wider interspaces. Weak beading developed at sculptural intersections appear around sixth teleoconch whorl. Adapical spiral cord becoming more prominent, separated by next spiral cord by slightly wider interspace with two secondary spiral cords intercalated. One secondary spiral cord intercalated between other spiral cords and at abapical suture. Axial ribs of early teleoconch whorls replaced by moderately close-set, vaguely obliquely axially arranged beads on subsequent whorls. Beading persisting onto last whorl. Whorl profile becoming straight sided, subcylindrical. Suture distinctly incised, slightly undulating. Last whorl weakly convex to sub-cylindrical, attaining 35–38% of total height. Base with numerous weakly beaded primary and secondary spiral cords. About two broad, randomly placed varices per whorl, well developed from the earliest teleoconch whorls, one on last whorl placed roughly opposite outer lip. Base weakly convex, weakly constricted. Aperture elongate-ovate. Columella weakly and broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal incised, weak parietal denticle. Outer lip slightly thickened. Three prominent lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderately short and wide, slightly deflected to the left, weakly notched.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) communicata [sic] Sieber, 1937 is based on a specimen from Ritzing (Austria) with three primary spiral cords below the subsutural spiral cord, resulting in a more close-set sculpture of beads. The tendency to strengthen the secondary spiral cords is not uncommon in fully grown specimens of T. poetzleinsdorfense and there is no reason to separate these specimens as a distinct species. Therefore, we consider Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) communicata Sieber, 1937 to be a subjective junior synonym of Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895) .</p><p>Discussion. Thericium poetzleinsdorfense is an exceptionally variable species due to the intercalations of a variable number of secondary and tertiary spiral cords with beads of varying strength. This species was confused by several authors with Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895) from the Burdigalian or Langhian of Italy. The lectotype of this species (BS.046.01.077, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, Italy) was designated by Švagrovský (1982: 19) and is illustrated in Sacco (1895, pl. 2, fig. 1) and Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984, pl. 34, fig. 12). Thericium procrenatum differs from T. poetzleinsdorfense in its more prominent mid-whorl angulation of the teleoconch whorls and the tubercles on the mid-cord. The Pliocene Thericium crenatum (Brocchi, 1814) belongs to the same lineage as T. grundense (Sacco, 1995) and T. poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895) but differs in its much finer sculpture with numerous secondary spiral cords, and the more prominent varices (see Landau et al. 2004; Chirli 2006).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. This species is abundant in coastal inner neritic settings with sand bottoms (e.g., Ritzing (Austria) and is a rare element in seagrass faunas (e.g., Gainfarn (Austria), own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Thericium poetzleinsdorfense is restricted to the middle and late Badenian (Late Langhian, Early Serravallian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Friedberg 1914); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa (Poland) (Bałuk 1970); Vienna Basin: Vienna /Ottakring, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (hoc opus), Borský Mikuláš (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1982); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Janoschek 1931; Sieber 1937); Danube Basin: Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1964, 1982; Hladilová &amp; Fordinál 2013); Eastern Slovakian Basin: Kuzmice (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1964); Styrian Basin: St. Florian, Pöls, Guglitz (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Bánd, Budapest (Illés street), Herend–Márkó, Mátraverebély, Pécsszabolcs, Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954), Hrvaćani, Miljevići, Reljevac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1969, 1985), Belgrade /Rakovica (Serbia) (hoc opus); Timok Basin: Izvorski Alapin (Serbia) (Popović &amp; Gagić 1969); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Mehadia Basin: Valea Bela Reca (Romania) (Hinculov in Iliescu et al. 1968); Zarand Basin: Minişul de Sus (Romania) (Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973); Southern Carpathians: Crivineni-Patârlagele (Romania) (Ionesi &amp; Nicorici 1994); Transylvanian Basin: Buituri, Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Moisescu 1955; Hladilová et al. 2004; Popa et al. 2014); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Opanets, Tyrnene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE355BDC74FF54861FF50EF814	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE355FDC76FF548083F685FB31.text	211887DE355FDC76FF548083F685FB31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium posidoniaphilum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium posidoniaphilum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 27F, 50A–C</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco— Sieber 1937: 493 (pars), pl. 24, fig. F3 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum procrenatum Sacco— Strausz 1962: 44, pl. 9, figs 4–6 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium crenatum procrenatum Sacco, 1895 — Strausz 1966: 136, pl. 9, figs 4–6 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) procrenatum Sacco, 1895 — Bałuk 1975: 152, pl. 17, figs 17–19 [non Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 2023 /0040/0003, SL: 30.7 mm, MD: 9.9 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. F3) Figs 50A 1 –A 2; paratype, NHMW 2023 /0048/0001, SL: 34.1 mm, MD: 11.7 mm, Gainfarn (Austria) Figs 50B 1 –B 2; paratype, NHMW 2023 /0048/0002, SL: 36.2 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, Mikulov (Czechia), Figs 50C 1 –C 2; NHMW/1851 /9913/0077, SL: 26.3 mm, MD: 7.5 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 27F.</p><p>Additional material. 3 spec., NHMW 1851 /0013/0077a, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 4 spec., NHMW 2023 /0049/0001, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1853 /0003/0148, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0266, Mikulov (Czechia) .</p><p>Type locality. Steinebrunn (Austria), Vienna Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Silt and sand of the Baden Formation.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (late Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the assumed preference for sea grass meadows ( Posidonia = Neptune grass; - philum, latinized Greek for loving).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender shell with prominent, swollen axial ribs on early teleoconch whorls and coarse, somewhat irregular sculpture of primary and secondary spiral cords with moderately prominent tubercles to beads. Aperture oblique with crenulated outer lip and short, twisted siphonal canal.</p><p>Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender shell of about 11 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 30–40 mm in height; apical angle 30–35°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with prominent, swollen axial ribs separated by interspaces of about same width. Spiral sculpture of several primary cords and weaker secondary threads forming weak, spirally elongate tubercles at intersections with axial ribs at around third teleoconch whorl. Delicate subsutural spiral cord with weak to obsolete beads. Later whorls weakly convex to subcylindrical. Axial sculpture initially predominant weakens abapically, except for two distinct varices on spire whorls, spirals gradually become predominant. Three primary spiral cords bearing rounded to pointed tubercles at sculptural intersections, close-set enough in some specimens to be described as beading; mid-whorl cord slightly more prominent; fourth beaded cord appears at abapical suture on penultimate whorl. Two narrow secondary spirals intercalated on narrow, slightly concave subsutural ramp between finely beaded subsutural cord and first primary cord. Additional secondary and tertiary threads in interspaces between other primaries on later whorls. Suture deeply incised on early teleoconch whorls, slightly shallower on later whorls, undulating. Last whorl high, weakly convex, attaining ~40% of total height. Base weakly constricted with prominent primary and secondary spiral cords. Aperture ovate, moderately wide, strongly oblique. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow to moderately broad, weakly thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal deeply incised, narrow, prominent parietal denticle. Outer lip not thickened, crenulated. Siphonal canal moderately narrow, twisted, strongly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is reminiscent of Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895) and T. grundense (Sacco, 1895) with which it was confused so far in the literature and in the collection of the NHMW. Thericium posidoniaphilum sp. nov. differs from T. poetzleinsdorfensis and T. grundense in its broader and more swollen axial ribs, which are wider-spaced and by the poorly defined tubercles. In addition, the somewhat irregular shape of the spire and the undulating suture distinguish T. posidoniaphilum from T. poetzleinsdorfensis . Thericium chamaeleo sp. nov. is superficially similar but differs distinctly by the predominant spiral sculpture on early teleoconch whorls. Within the Paratethyan representatives of the Thericium crenatum group, this species is characterized by its irregular and coarse sculpture. Moreover, the aperture is slightly more oblique. Thericium procrenatum (Sacco, 1895), from the Burdigalian of Italy, is distinguished by its mid-whorl angulation and more regular sculpture of larger, wider-spaced tubercles.</p><p>Thericium posidoniaphilum seems to have occurred in seagrass whereas T. poetzleinsdorfense is documented from sandy inner neritic environments. This might point to habitat segregation within this group.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The frequent occurrence at Steinebrunn and Gainfarn (Austria) suggests inner neritic environments with seagrass cover (Zuschin et al. 2007; own data M.H.).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Badenian (Langhian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975); Vienna Basin: Gainfarn, Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov (Czechia) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Budapest (Illés street) (Hungary) (Strausz 1966).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE355FDC76FF548083F685FB31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE355EDC76FF54855EF58CF9F5.text	211887DE355EDC76FF54855EF58CF9F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium vulgatum (Bruguiere 1792)	<div><p>Thericium vulgatum group</p><p>We unite here a group of medium sized to large species, with moderately slender to slender conical shells characterized by a mid-whorl angulation bearing prominent tubercles. Axial sculpture is generally weak on late teleoconch whorls. Phylogenetically, these species might be related to the extant Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792) . Thericium podhorcense (Hilber, 1882) and Thericium subcostatum (Bałuk, 1975) are only tentatively placed in this group due to their aberrant morphologies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE355EDC76FF54855EF58CF9F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE355EDC69FF54869AF25AF904.text	211887DE355EDC69FF54869AF25AF904.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium egerense (Gabor 1936)	<div><p>Thericium egerense (Gábor, 1936)</p><p>Fig. 51A</p><p>* Cerithium egerense n. sp. — Gábor 1936: 2, pl. 1, fig. 5.</p><p>Cerithium egerense Gábor, 1936 — Báldi 1973: 262, pl. 29, fig. 4.</p><p>Cerithium egerense Gábor— Kovács &amp; Vicián 2016: 246, pl. 1, fig. 8.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, illustrated in Gábor (1936: pl. 1, fig. 5), Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary (Budapest). Eger (Hungary), Late Oligocene, Egerian.</p><p>Illustrated material. M 2016.59, SL: 37 mm, MD: 17 mm, Esztergom-Szentgyörgymező (Hungary), illustrated in Kovács &amp; Vicián (2016: pl. 1, fig. 8), Fig. 51A.</p><p>Additional material. M 63/3118, illustrated in Báldi (1973: pl. 29, fig. 4) seems to be lost (pers comm. Alfréd Dulai, 2023).</p><p>Revised description. Large, moderately slender shell of more than ten teleoconch whorls; apical angle 30°. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Later teleoconch with broad, vertical, concave subsutural ramp, weak roundly angled shoulder, convex below, separated by shallow, linear to weakly undulating suture. Low, broad, widely spaced ribs developed below shoulder, forming large, axially elongated tubercles marking periphery, tubercles strengthening abapically and strongest on penultimate whorl, 8–9 on last whorl, weakening again and subobsolete on last whorl. Spiral sculpture of about 17 narrow, flattened spiral cords separated by narrow grooves. Last whorl not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. Thericium egerense is characterized by its reduced axial sculpture and the prominent, band-like spiral cords. It is reminiscent of the Middle Miocene Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco, 1895) but differs in its slender conical spire and the blunt morphology of the tubercles, which are pointed in T. potzleindorfense . The placement in Thericium is tentative.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Thericium egerense is a rare element in the assemblages of the Egerian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys Sea. Egerian (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene): Hungarian Paleogene Basin: Eger (Hungary) (Báldi 1973); Esztergom Basin: Esztergom-Szentgyörgymező (Hungary) (Kovács &amp; Vicián 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE355EDC69FF54869AF25AF904	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3541DC6AFF54870AF20CFD60.text	211887DE3541DC6AFF54870AF20CFD60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium europaeum (Mayer 1878)	<div><p>Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)</p><p>Figs 27K, 52A–C</p><p>? Cerithium minutum M. d. Serres— Manzoni 1869: 494, pl. 3, fig. 1 [non Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852)].</p><p>* Cerithium europaeum Mayer— Mayer 1878a: 89, pl. 2, fig. 5.</p><p>Cerithium minutum —Quenstedt 1884: 504, pl. 204, fig. 111 [non Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852)].</p><p>Cerithium europaeum May.— Sacco 1895: 13, pl. 1, fig. 43.</p><p>C [erithium]. europaeum var. perutriculata Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 13, pl. 1, fig. 44.</p><p>C [erithium]. europaeum var. graciliornata Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 13, pl. 1, fig. 45.</p><p>C [erithium]. europaeum var. cingulosella Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 13, pl. 1, fig. 46.</p><p>Cerithium europaeum May.— Macovei 1909: 157, pl. 11, fig. 13.</p><p>Cerithium europaeum Mayer— Trentanove 1911: 69, pl. 4, fig. 9.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum May. var. cingulosella Sacco— Sieber 1937: 498, pl. 25, figs D1, D6.</p><p>? Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Glibert 1949: 148, pl. 9, fig. 13.</p><p>Cerithium europaeum Mayer — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 21, pl. 2, figs 13–15.</p><p>C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) europaeum cingulosella Sacco— Sieber 1958: 137.</p><p>Cerithium europaeum var. graciliornata Sacco— Strachimirov 1960b: 262, pl. 5, figs 4–4b.</p><p>Cerithium europaeum Mayer— Strachimirov 1960b: 262, pl. 5, figs 6–6b.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europeum Mayer—Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 104, pl. 31, figs 1–2.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europeum var. cingulosella Sacco 1895 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 105, pl. 31, figs 3–4.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1975: 144 (pars), pl. 17, fig. 3 (only).</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer 1878 — Krach 1981: 58, pl. 16, figs 6–10.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer— Davoli 1991: 56, pl. 4, figs 2–4.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum cingulosella Sacco— Kókay 1996: 456, pl. 3, fig. 1.</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Popa et al. 2014: 7, pl. 1, fig. 2.</p><p>Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878) — Dominici et al. 2020: 76, fig. 9C.</p><p>non Cerithium europaeum May.— Friedberg 1914: 254, pl. 16, fig. 3 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum May.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 32, pl. 2, fig. 3 [= Pithocerithium sp.]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum May.— Strausz 1954: 16, 96, pl. 3, fig. 48 [= Pithocerithium sp.]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Strausz 1955: 21, 137, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, 6, 8, 9 [= Thericium minutum</p><p>(Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum May.— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 18 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann,</p><p>1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum May.— Florei 1961: 682, pl. 7, fig. 47 [= Pithocerithium turonicum (Mayer, 1878)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer — Kecskeméti-Körmendy 1962: 88, pl. 10, fig. 3 [= Thericium miodacicum</p><p>sp. nov.]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Strausz 1962: 47, pl. 9, figs 19–26 [fig. 23 = T. minutum (Naumann, 1852); figs</p><p>24–26 = Pithocerithium sp.]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Strausz 1966: 130, pl. 9, figs 19–26 [fig. 23 = T. minutum (Naumann, 1852);</p><p>figs 24–26 = Pithocerithium sp.]. non Cerithium europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 7 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1970: 118, pl. 10, fig. 18 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann,</p><p>1852)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europeum [sic] May.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 22 [= Thericium minutum</p><p>(Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Nicorici &amp; Sagatovici 1973: 165, pl. 24, fig.2 [= Pithocerithium longiuscatum</p><p>(Sacco, 1895)]. non Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer 1878 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1043, 1107, pl. 4, fig. 10 [= Thericium minutum</p><p>(Naumann, 1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1975: 144, pl. 17, figs 1–2 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann,</p><p>1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Atanacković 1985: 107, pl. 24, figs 1–3 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann,</p><p>1852)]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Mikuž 2009: 20, pl. 5, fig. 62 [= Pithocerithium sp.]. non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 —Harzhauser 2002: 72, pl. 2, figs 3–4 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann,</p><p>1852)]. non Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Bałuk 2006: 197, pl. 8, figs 8–9 [= Thericium minutum (Naumann,</p><p>1852)]. non Cerithium europaeum Mayer 1878 — D’Amico et al. 2012: 159, pl. 1, fig. 4 [= Pithocerithium sp.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, designated herein, specimen illustrated in Mayer 1878a (pl. 2, fig. 5), SL: 30 mm, MD: 13 mm, Pontlevoy (France), Middle Miocene, Langhian. ETH Zürich (Switzerland). The syntypes, which were part of a collection now stored at the ETH Zürich (Switzerland) cannot be found and might be lost (pers. comm. Iwan Stössel, June 1 st 2022).</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1866/0040/0322, SL: 24.9 mm, MD: 11.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 52A 1 –A 2. NHMW 2023/0042/0003, SL: 24.8 mm, MD: 10.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 52B 1 –B 2. NHMW 2023/0042/0004, SL: 24.5 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 52C 1 –C 2. NHMW 2023/0042/0005, SL: 22.7 mm, MD: 8.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 27K.</p><p>Additional material. 31 spec., NHMW 1870 /0033/0151, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 10 spec., NHMW 1876 /0011/0052, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 11 spec., NHMW 1867 /0019/0189, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1863 /0040/0019, Forchtenau (Austria) ; 13 spec, NHMW 1866 /0001/1119, Forchtenau (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0019, Forchtenau (Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 25, fig. D6).</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, moderately stout, ovate shell of up to ten teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 24–30 mm in height; apical angle 45–58°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with delicate spiral sculpture. Later teleoconch whorls with indistinct, slightly swollen subsutural cord, weakly concave subsutural ramp and mid-whorl angulation. Abapically, sculpture of numerous fine spiral cords of secondary and tertiary strength intercalated, separated by narrow grooves; subsutural cord continues poorly delimited, bearing irregular, indistinct tubercles; mid-whorl angulation with more prominent spiral cord and wide spaced, low-triangular, pointed tubercles; narrow, poorly delimited, fold-like axial ribs may appear below angulation. Suture narrowly incised, irregularly undulating. Last whorl ovate, weakly angulated at about two-thirds whorl height, attaining 50–55% of total height; with delicate, faintly beaded peribasal cord. Base moderately constricted with several weak primary to tertiary spiral cords, fasciole indistinct. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella weakly and broadly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, moderately wide, with small parietal denticle. Outer lip thin, crenulated. Siphonal canal short, relatively wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium europaeum perutriculata Sacco, 1895, Cerithium europaeum graciliornata Sacco, 1895 and Cerithium europaeum cingulosella Sacco, 1895 co-occur with typical shells of Thericium europaeum at Stazzano, Montegibbio and S. Agata and were erected by Sacco (1895) based on minor differences in sculpture and outline, which in our opinion do not justify separation. Cerithium europaeum doliolaevis Sacco, 1895 might represent a Pithocerithium species.</p><p>Discussion. This species was confused in the literature and the NHMW collection with Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852) from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, stockier shape and higher last whorl. Its spiral sculpture has narrower cords and wider interspaces, and the sculpture of the subsutural cord is more prominent. Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco, 1895), from the late Badenian of Austria, differs in its much larger size and dome-shaped spire. Davoli (1991) considered the specimen illustrated by Manzoni (1869: pl. 3, fig. 1) as Cerithium minutum from the Tortonian of Sogliano (Italy) as conspecific with T. europaeum . The illustration, however, is not clear.</p><p>Paleoecology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Occurring in the Northeastern Atlantic and the Central Paratethys during the Langhian, and early/ middle Badenian (Middle Miocene) and in the Proto-Mediterranean Sea during the Tortonian (Late Miocene).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek (Poland) (Krach 1981); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Budapest (Illés street) (Hungary) (Kókay 1996); Bahna Basin (Macovei 1909); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha, Dylgodeltsi, Lipen, Opanets, Partitovtsi, Staropatitsa, Urovene (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p><p>Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio, Stazzano, S. Agata (Italy) (Sacco 1895); Emilia-Romagna: Sogliano (Italy) (Davoli 1991); Livorno Hills (Italy) (Dominici et al. 2020). Pliocene records listed by Sacco (1895) will need verification.</p><p>Northeastern Atlantic. Langhian (Middle Miocene): Loire Basin: Pontlevoy (France) (Mayer 1878).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3541DC6AFF54870AF20CFD60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3542DC6DFF5482EEF5F1FD4C.text	211887DE3542DC6DFF5482EEF5F1FD4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium lapugyense (Mayer 1878)	<div><p>Thericium lapugyense (Mayer, 1878)</p><p>Figs 53A–B</p><p>* Cerithium Lapugyense Mayer— Mayer 1878b: 179, pl. 4, fig. 7.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) michelotti [sic] Hörnes, 1856— Popa et al. 2014: 7, pl. 1, fig. 4 [non Pithocerithium michelottii (Hörnes, 1855)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein: specimen illustrated by Mayer (1878b: pl. 4, fig. 7), SL: 17 mm, MD: 9 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Badenian (Middle Miocene), Figs 53A 1 –A 2. The two syntypes, which were part of a collection now stored at the ETH Zürich (Switzerland) cannot be found and might be lost (pers. comm. Iwan Stössel, June 1 st, 2022).</p><p>Illustrated material: MCM 426, SL: 19.0 mm, MD: 10.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), illustrated in Popa et al. (2014: pl. 1, fig. 4), Figs 53B 1 –B 2.</p><p>Revised description. Small, stout shell of about seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~45°. Teleoconch whorls with weak mid-whorl angulation and wide subsutural ramp. Sculpture of narrow, widely spaced, fold-like axial ribs and poorly defined subsutural spiral cord and mid-whorl cord, causing roughly cancellate sculpture. Delicate secondary and tertiary spiral cords most prominent in interspaces between axials. Low tubercles developed at sculptural intersections on mid-whorl angulation. Last whorl ovate, attaining 55% of total height. Base strongly constricted with two spiral cords of small beads and several delicate spiral threads. Apertural features not fully developed.</p><p>Discussion. This species is based on subadult material. The syntypes are lost but Popa et al. (2014: 7, pl. 1, fig. 4) illustrated another specimen of this rare species. Consequently, this species is characterized by a somewhat irregular cancellate sculpture and poorly defined fold-like axial ribs and spiral cords. Thericium lapugyense is unique within the Paratethyan cerithiids and does not seem to be closely related to any of the other species.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Occurring only in Central Paratethys. Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Mayer 1878b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3542DC6DFF5482EEF5F1FD4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3545DC6EFF5482C2F207FB9D.text	211887DE3545DC6EFF5482C2F207FB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium minutum (Naumann 1852)	<div><p>Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852)</p><p>Figs 27L, 54E–H</p><p>[ Cerithium] minutum Serr. — Hauer 1837: 419 (pars) [nomen nudum].</p><p>[ Cerithium] minutum Serres— Hörnes 1848: 21 (pars) [nomen nudum].</p><p>* Cerithium minutum — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 20.</p><p>[ Cerithium] minutum Serres— Naumann 1854: 1066 .</p><p>Cerithium minutum Serr.— Hörnes 1855: 390 (pars), pl. 41, fig. 9 [non fig. 8 = Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>Cerithium Wiesbauri n. f. — Handmann 1882: 271.</p><p>Cerithium Wiesbauri Handm. — Handmann 1883c: 63 .</p><p>Cerithium Wiesbauri Handm.— Handmann 1888: 31 .</p><p>? Cerithium Josefinae Bau.— Bauer 1900: 33, pl. 1, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium europaeum May.— Friedberg 1914: 254, pl. 16, fig. 3 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878a)].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Strausz 1955: 21, 137, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, 6, 8, 9 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum May.— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 18 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Strausz 1962: 47 (pars), pl. 9, fig. 23 (only) [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Strausz 1966: 130 (pars), pl. 9, fig. 23 (only) [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 154, pl. 38, fig. 7 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer— Atanacković 1969: 196, pl. 8, fig. 18 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1970: 118, pl. 10, fig. 18 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europeum May.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 22 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer 1878 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1043, 1107, pl. 4, fig. 10 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Bałuk 1975: 144 (pars), pl. 17, figs 1–2 (only) [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Atanacković 1985: 107, pl. 24, figs 1–3 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 —Harzhauser 2002: 72, pl. 2, figs 3–4 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) europaeum Mayer, 1878 — Bałuk 2006: 197, pl. 8, figs 8–9 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) vulgatum miocaenicum (Vignal, 1910 [sic])— Katona et al. 2011: 8, pl. 1, fig. 2 [non Thericium miocaenicum (Vignal, 1911)].</p><p>non Cerithium minutum —de Serres 1822: 60 [nomen nudum].</p><p>non Cerithium minutum —Quenstedt 1884: 504, pl. 204, fig. 111 [= Thericium europaeum (Mayer 1878)]</p><p>non Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Tiţă 2007: 547, fig. 5f [= Thericium zeuschneri (Pusch, 1836)]. Type material. Neotype, NHMW 1846/0037/0357, SL: 30.3 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, fig. 9), Figs 54E 1 –E 2. The illustrations in Naumann (1852) have been provided by Paul Maria Partsch (1791–1856) and Moritz Hörnes, (1815–1868) (see Naumann 1854: 1963 footnote) and were based on material from the Natural History Museum Vienna. The manuscript of Partsch with these illustrations is still preserved and the material was later published by Hörnes (1855). Nevertheless, it is not possible to identify the specimen drawn by Partsch in the collection with certainty. Therefore, we designate the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, fig. 9) as neotype.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023 /0040/0004, SL: 29.2 mm, MD: 10.6 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Middle Miocene, Badenian, Figs 54F 1 –F 2 . NHMW 1869 /0001/0772, SL: 32.9 mm, MD: 12.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 54G 1 –G 2 . NHMW 2023 /0040/0005, SL: 38.7 mm, MD: 11.8 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 54H . NHMW 2023 /0040/0006, SL: 29.0 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 27L.</p><p>Additional material. 23 spec., NHMW 1860 /0005/0048, Pöls (Austria) ; 75 spec., NHMW 1870 /0053/0037, Forchtenau (Austria) ; 75 spec., NHMW 1871 /0010/0371, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 19 spec., NHMW 1855 /0045/0165, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1866 /0001/0706, Möllersdorf (Austria) ; 21 spec., NHMW 1865 /0035/0070, Szob (Hungary) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2023 /0052/0001, Hlohovec (Bischofswart), (Czechia) ; 11 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0263, Boršov (Porstendorf), (Czechia) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1855 /0038/0039, Korytnica (Poland) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium-sized, conical shell of about 13 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 30–40 mm in height; apical angle c. 40–44°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with faint mid-whorl angulation and low, rounded, widely spaced axial ribs and varices, crossed by weak spiral threads. On later teleoconch whorls weak subsutural collar with indistinct tubercles; profile weakly concave below subsutural collar, weakly convex below mid-whorl angulation; wide-spaced, slightly pointed, triangular tubercles developed on mid-whorl angulation; spiral cords low, narrow, separated by narrow grooves; axial ribs weaken abapically. On penultimate whorl weak spiral cord bearing indistinct tubercles may occur close above abapical suture. Suture narrowly impressed, shallowly undulating. Last whorl weakly convex, attaining ~45% of total height, moderately constricted into concave neck. Moderately to weakly developed and tubercular peribasal and perifasciolar cord developed, with several weaker cords intercalated over base and fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella broadly and moderately excavated, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base.Anal canal distinctly incised, moderately wide with small parietal denticle. Outer lip weakly thickened, crenulated if not fully grown. Siphonal canal short, moderately narrow, deeply incised, weakly notched, deflected to the left.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium wiesbauri Handmann, 1882, Gainfarn (Austria). The syntypes of Handmann (1882) were stored in the Kollegium Kalksburg in Vienna, a Catholic private school, but seem to be lost. Handmann (1882) emphasized a close relation with Thericium minutum, but distinguished his species based on the broader shell, smaller tubercles and their position close to the abapical suture. In our opinion, this morphology falls well within the range of variability of Thericium minutum, as represented at the Gainfarn locality.</p><p>Cerithium Josefinae Bauer 1900 from the Badenian of St. Florian (Austria) might represent a slender specimen of T. minutum with prominent sculpture. The holotype was stored in the Universalmuseum Joanneum Graz (Austria) but seems to be lost.</p><p>Discussion. This species was identified as Cerithium minutum de Serres by Hauer (1837), Naumann (1852), Hörnes (1848, 1855) and Quenstedt (1884) but this name was listed by de Serres (1822: 60) as nomen nudum. The first who made the name available was Naumann (1852), a fact which was overlooked by all subsequent authors. Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852) was confused by many authors with Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878), which was originally described from the Langhian of the Loire Basin. Mayer (1878a) referred also to two specimens from the Vienna Basin, illustrated by Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 8–9). Of these, fig. 8 is separated herein as Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco, 1895), but also the remaining specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 9) is not conspecific with Thericium europaeum . Thericium europaeum is a stout species with a low spire, prominent, pointed tubercles placed mid-whorl, and a strongly sculptured subsutural cord. Thericium miocenicum (Vignal, 1911), from the Early Miocene of France, seems to be closely related, but differs in its narrower aperture, more slender outline and more prominent spiral sculpture on the base (see Vignal 1911: pl. 7, fig. 2; Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922: pl. 5, figs 33–34). Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco, 1895) differs in its dome-shaped spire, the stockier outline, and the more prominent and regular spiral sculpture.</p><p>Kovács et al. (2023: fig. 30) described a single specimen from the early Ottnangian of Hungary as Thericium sp. This species is morphologically close to Thericium minutum but differs in its slender spire and nearly straight-sided whorls. More and better preserved material will be needed to evaluate the status of the Ottnangian species.</p><p>Paleoecology. Shallow marine, inner neritic environments (own data M.H.). The occurrence at Szob (Hungary) suggests shallow sublittoral environments with seagrass (Dulai 1996).</p><p>Distribution. Widespread in the Central Paratethys Sea from the Karpatian (Late Burdigalian) to the late Badenian (Serravallian).</p><p>Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Kleinebersdorf, Helfens, Hipples (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek (Poland) (Bałuk 1975); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 2006); North Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Boršov (Porstendorf) (Czechia), Windpassing (Austria) (Sieber 1937, hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Möllersdorf, Niederleis, Pfaffstätten, Steinebrunn, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Hlohovec, Mikulov (Czechia) (Hörnes 1855); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (Austria) (Janoschek 1931); Styrian Basin: Pöls, St. Florian (Austria) (Hörnes 1855); Pannonian Basin: Devecser, Herend, Hidas, Hird, Hont, Mogyoród, Ófalu, Pécsszabolcs, Pécsvárad, Sámsonháza, Szilágy, Szob, Szokolya, Várpalota, (Hungary) (Strausz 1955, 1966; Kecskeméti-Körmendy 1962; Bohn-Havas 1973), Hrvaćani, Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3545DC6EFF5482C2F207FB9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3546DC61FF5484B2F494F84F.text	211887DE3546DC61FF5484B2F494F84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium miodacicum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium miodacicum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 55A–C</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) europaeum Mayer — Kecskeméti-Körmendy 1962: 88, pl. 10, fig. 3 [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NHMW 1856 /0007/0046, SL: 36.8 mm, MD: 12.6 mm, Figs 55A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes, NHMW 2023 /0042/0006, SL: 26.0 mm, MD: 8.8 mm, Figs 55B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023 /0042/0007, SL: 28.3 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Figs 55C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2016 /0177/0366, SL: 34.6 mm, MD: 11.2 mm .</p><p>Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (Late Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the Miocene (Mio-) and the historical province Dacia.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender conical shell with distinct mid-whorl angulation; subsutural collar with close-set tubercles; stronger pointed tubercles along angulation and third weaker tubercular spiral cord just appearing at abapical suture on penultimate whorl, largely covered by subsequent whorl. Last whorl high with high, conical base. Spiral lirae deep inside aperture.</p><p>Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender conical shell of up to 12 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 26– 37 mm in height; apical angle ~28°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls high, weakly convex with slight angulation above mid-whorl. Sculpture of prominent, beaded subsutural cord and broad axial ribs. Later teleoconch whorls subsutural cord bearing well developed, dense tubercles, weakly concave subsutural ramp, mid-whorl angulation bearing spiral row of large, prominent, slightly pointed tubercles, 11 on last whorl; third weaker tubercular cord appears at abapical suture on penultimate whorl, largely covered by subsequent whorl. One broad secondary spiral intercalated on subsutural ramp, about four broader secondary spirals between angulation and abapical cord. Suture weakly incised, undulating. Last whorl high, ovate, attaining ~45% of total height, with one broad, weak varix. Mid-whorl spiral cord with very prominent, pointed tubercles, coinciding with periphery. Base weakly constricted with one stronger peribasal spiral bearing smaller tubercles and relatively well developed primary and secondary cords over base and fasciole. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella moderately excavated in apical third. Columellar callus greatly thickened forming broad triangular columellar shield mid-aperture, narrowing in parietal area, sharply delimited from base.Anal canal distinctly incised. Outer lip not preserved. Three spiral lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderately long, twisted, deeply incised, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its conical spire and the very large, pointed tubercles along the mid-whorl angulation, which become increasingly spinous with ontogeny. Thericium crenatocoronatum (Sacco, 1895), from the Pliocene of the Mediterranean Sea, may develop similar shapes (e.g., Chirli 2006, pl. 33, fig. 14) but is generally much more elongate and has a dense sculpture of secondary spiral cords (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: pl. 34, fig. 13; Chirli 2006: pl. 33, figs 11–13). Some forms of Thericium vulgatum, such as that erected by Sacco (1895) as T. vulgatum spinisoissima (Sacco, 1895) from the Pliocene of Villalvernia (Italy), are reminiscent but have more spiny tubercles, are more slender and lack a subsutural spiral cord with tubercles. ‘ Cerithium ’ dertonense Mayer, 1868 sensu D’Amico et al. 2012, from the Tortonian of Montegibbio (Italy), is another similar species, but its spiral row of pointed tubercles is placed close to the abapical suture, resulting in a trapezoid whorl profile without mid-whorl angulation (see D’Amico et al. 2012, pl. 1, fig. 3).</p><p>A specimen from the Tortonian of Gurdezes (Albania) illustrated by Bandat (1943: pl. 2, fig. 42) as Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) dertonense var. perlongata Sacco is similar to Thericium miodacicum sp. nov. but differs in its distinct axial sculpture on early whorls and has pointed nodes.</p><p>Thericium miodacicum sp. nov. is superficially similar to Pithocerithium zelebori (Hörnes, 1855), from the Early Miocene of Austria, in its large tubercles but differs in its marked mid-whorl angulation and the pointed tubercles; characters of the genus Thericium . The sculpture of early teleoconch whorls of P. zelebori has two spiral rows of tubercles, whereas T. miodacicum develops axial ribs.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known so far from the middle Badenian (Late Langhian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Pannonian Basin: Várpalota (Hungary) (Kecskeméti-Körmendy 1962); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3546DC61FF5484B2F494F84F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE3548DC62FF548083F63FFE3C.text	211887DE3548DC62FF548083F63FFE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium miospinosum (Sacco 1895)	<div><p>Thericium miospinosum (Sacco, 1895)</p><p>Figs 27M, 56A–E</p><p>C [erithium]. Zeuschneri m.— Pusch 1837: 148, pl. 12, fig. 14 [non fig. 13 = Thericium zeuschneri (Pusch, 1836)].</p><p>[ Cerithium] calculosum Bast.— Hauer 1837: 419 [non Thericium calculosum (de Basterot, 1825)].</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum Brug. var.— Hörnes 1855: 386, pl. 41, figs 1–4 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>Cerithium Zeuschneri— Quenstedt 1884: 490, pl. 204, figs 41–42 [non Thericium zeuschneri (Pusch, 1836)].</p><p>* C[erithium]. vulgatum var. miospinosa Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 9 .</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum Brug.— Friedberg 1914: 253, pl. 16, fig. 1 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum Brug. var. miospina Sacco— Friedberg 1914: 254, pl. 16, fig. 2.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) vulgatum miospinosa Sacco — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 32, pl. 2, fig. 2.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) vulgatum Brug. var. miospina Sacco— Sieber 1937: 495 .</p><p>C [erithium]. (Th [ericium].) vulgatum miospina Sacco— Sieber 1958: 137.</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum Bruguière var. miospina Sacco— Pčelincev &amp; Korobkov 1960: 312, pl. 19, fig. 7.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum Bruguière— Atanacković 1969: 196, pl. 8, fig. 19 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum miospinosum Sacco— Bałuk 1975: 143, pl. 17, figs 13–16.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum Bruguière, 1792 — Atanacković 1985: 108, pl. 26, figs 4–5 [non Thericium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) vulgatum miospinosum Sacco— Schultz 1998: 58, pl. 22, fig. 4.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) miospinosum Sacco, 1895 — Bałuk 2006: 198.</p><p>Thericium miospinosum (Sacco, 1895) — Landau et al. 2013: 41, pl. 3, fig. 8.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein, NHMW 1846/0037/0354a, SL: 55.8 mm, MD: 31.8 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 41, figs 1a–b), Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 56C 1 –C 2. Note that the figure in Hörnes (1855) is a composite. Paralectotypes, NHMW 1846/0037/0354b, SL: 57.3 mm, MD: 26.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 56B 1 –B 2. NHMW 2023/0040/0007, SL: 32.3 mm, MD: 15.7 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 56D 1 –D 2. NHMW 2023/0040/0007, SL: 23.7 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 56E 1 –E 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1855 /0045/0499, SL: 61.5 mm, MD: 26.1 mm, Middle Miocene, Badenian, Gainfarn (Austria), Figs 56A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 2023 /0040/0009, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 7.5 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Fig. 27M.</p><p>Additional material. 17 spec., NHMW 1855 /0003/0145, Forchtenau (Austria) ; 16 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0354, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1836 /0047/0354, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0354, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 9 spec., NHMW 1855 /0011/0499, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 6 spec., NHMW 1997 z0178/1358, Gainfarn (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1865 /0001/0729, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1997 z0178/1003, Bad Vöslau (Austria) ; 32 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0354, Steinebrunn (Austria) , 3 spec., NHMW 1890 /0025/0079, Steinebrunn (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2023 /0050/0001, Vienna / Grinzing (Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1868 /0001/0169, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1869 /0001/0101, Baden-Sooss (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0740, Niederleis (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1865 /0019/0009, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czechia) ; 8 spec., NHMW 1870 /0033/0153, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Large, conical shell of up to 13 teleoconch whorls, attaining up to 80 mm in height; apical angle 38–43°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with numerous spiral cords separated by narrower interspaces. Prominent axial ribs, separated by wider interspaces appear gradually around fourth to fifth teleoconch whorl. Later teleoconch whorls with broad, concave sutural ramp, strongly angled shoulder placed slightly above mid-whorl, convex below.Axial ribs broad, swollen, bearing adapically pointed tubercles at shoulder. Spiral sculpture of narrow cords of primary and secondary strength separated by even narrower grooves, largely reduced on later teleoconch whorl. On penultimate whorl further row of irregular smaller tubercles may occur below adapical suture and another spiral bearing smaller tubercles appears at abapical suture, mostly obscured by subsequent whorl and irregularly exposed due to undulating suture. Varices appear on fourth teleoconch whorl but become very prominent from 8 th to 9 th whorls (about two prominent varices per whorl). Last whorl convex, attaining ~42–45% of total height. Pointed tubercles along shoulder cord. Base strongly constricted with two peribasal cords and perifasciolar cord, tubercular in some specimens, narrower cords over fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate, oblique. Outer lip thickened, flaring. Columella broadly and shallowly excavated. Broad columellar callus sharply delimited from base, strongly thickened and abapically expanded over fasciole in some specimens; parietal callus slightly thickened bearing moderate parietal denticle, distinctly incised anal canal. Siphonal canal deflected to the left, moderately wide, deeply incised.</p><p>Discussion. This is the largest Cerithiidae species in the Circum-Mediterranean region and is characterized by its blunt sculpture of large, pointed tubercles, prominent varices and undulating suture. These features distinguish T. miospinosum from the otherwise similar extant T. vulgatum (Bruguière, 1789) (e.g., Russo &amp; Quaggiotto 2016, fig. 1A, 3A, 3C).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The frequent occurrence at Gainfarn suggests inner neritic environments with seagrass cover (Zuschin et al. 2007).</p><p>Distribution. Thericium miospinosum is known from the Badenian (Langhian and Early Serravallian) of the Central Paratethys and from the Serravallian of the Eastern Mediterranean (Landau et al. 2013). Records from the Tortonian of Stazzano (Italy), mentioned by Sacco (1895) need confirmation. Occurrences from the Pliocene of Asti and Ceriale (Italy), listed by Sacco (1895), might rather represent T. vulgatum . Landau et al. (2013) suggested that specimens from the Konkian (Middle Miocene) of Ustyurt (described as Cerithium vulgatum by Iljina 1993), might be conspecific with T. miospinosum . The smaller, rounded tubercles, however, suggest that the Eastern Paratethyan specimens represent another species such as Pithocerithium gilyandense (Iljina, 1993) . Mongin (1952) reported T. miospinosum from the Burdigalian of the Provence (France) without illustration. This would be the only Early Miocene occurrence of this species and this record also requires confirmation.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975; 2006); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Guntersdorf (Austria), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czechia) (Sieber 1937); Vienna Basin: Bad Vöslau, Baden, Baden-Sooss, Gainfarn, Niederleis, Steinebrunn, Traiskirchen, Vienna / Grinzing, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Sieber 1937, 1958); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Sieber 1937); Pannonian Basin: Hidas (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950), Miljevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (hoc opus).</p><p>Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Seyithasan (Turkey) (Landau et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE3548DC62FF548083F63FFE3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE354ADC65FF54822DF7DBFF30.text	211887DE354ADC65FF54822DF7DBFF30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco 1895)	<div><p>Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco, 1895)</p><p>Figs 27N, 54A–D</p><p>Cerithium minutum Serr.— Hörnes 1855 (pars): 390, pl. 41, fig. 8 [non Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852)].</p><p>* [ Cerithium] potzleindorfensis Sacc.— Sacco 1895: 13 .</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMW 1846 /0037/0360, SL: 38.4 mm, MD: 18.2 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 8), Figs 54B 1 –B 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023 /0028/0003, SL: 40.9 mm, MD: 18.8 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Figs 54A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 1878 /0041/0020, SL: 34.9 mm, 14.1 MD: mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Figs 54C 1 – C 2 . NHMW 2023 /0028/0004, SL: 34.6 mm, MD: 12.4 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Figs 54D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 2023 /0028/0005, SL: 27.4 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Fig. 27N.</p><p>Additional material. 34 spec., NHMW 2023 /0051/0001, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium-sized, pupoid shell of up to 11 teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 34–41 mm in height; apical angle ~50°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls weakly shouldered just below mid-whorl with broad, low axial ribs, crossed by delicate spiral threads. Later whorls shoulder, bearing small, wide-spaced, slightly pointed tubercles. Faint subsutural collar with indistinct tubercles appears around sixth to seventh whorl. Whorl profile weakly concave below adsutural cord, convex below shoulder. Sculpture consisting of numerous narrow flattened spiral cords of irregular width, separated by narrow, shallow grooves. Whorl height strongly increasing on last two spire whorls. Suture narrowly incised, irregularly and weakly undulating, strongly descending on last whorl towards aperture. No varices on spire whorls. Last whorl moderately high, convex, attaining ~50% of total height, weakly constricted into concave neck. Last whorl with one broad varix opposite aperture. Base covered by numerous secondary and tertiary spiral cords; slightly strengthened peribasal cord and cord delimiting neck. Aperture ovate. Columella broadly and strongly excavated. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base.Anal canal incised, weak parietal denticle. Outer lip wide, somewhat flared abapically, weakly thickened. Siphonal canal short, deeply incised, slightly recurved, strongly deflected to the left, distinctly notched.</p><p>Discussion. This species is morphologically closely related to Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852) but differs in its dome-shaped spire, the stockier profile, and the more prominent and regular spiral sculpture. Thericium potzleindorfense (Sacco, 1895) might represent a late Badenian offshoot of Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852) and could also be interpreted as chronosubspecies. Hörnes (1855) illustrated two specimens as Cerithium minutum de Serres, 1822, which are not conspecific. Cerithium minutum sensu Hörnes 1855: pl. 41, fig. 9 is conspecific with C. minutum Naumann, 1852 . For the second specimen, illustrated by Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, fig. 8), Sacco (1895) introduced Cerithium potzleindorfensis as new name. This name seems to be in conflict with Cerithium procrenatum pötzleinsdorfensis Sacco, 1895 published by Sacco (1895) in the same monograph. Both names, however, are available because Article 57.6 of the ICZN (1999) states: “ a one-letter difference between species-group names combined with the same generic name is sufficient to prevent homonymy ”. According to article 32.5 of the ICZN special characters like ä, ö and ü used in species names before 1985 must be corrected to ae, oe and ue. In addition, both names differ in the ‘s’ in poetzleinsdorfensis . Therefore, Cerithium potzleindorfense and Cerithium poetzleinsdorfense are both available, although the situation is not ideal and potzleindorfensis was most probably a lapsus.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrence at Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) suggests a preference for sandy inner neritic habitats (own data M.H.) .</p><p>Distribution. Known so far only from the late Badenian (early Serravallian) of the Central Paratethys Sea. Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf (Austria) (Hörnes</p><p>1856).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE354ADC65FF54822DF7DBFF30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE354DDC64FF54815EF674FED4.text	211887DE354DDC64FF54815EF674FED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium putzgruberi Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium putzgruberi nom. nov.</p><p>Figs 57A–C</p><p>* Cerithium Europaeum May. var. acuminata Schff.— Schaffer 1912: 150, pl. 51, figs 26–29 [non Zekeli 1852].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype designated herein, F/1138, SL: 16.5 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, illustrated in Schaffer (1912: 150, pl. 51, fig. 29), Krahuletz Museum (Eggenburg, Austria), Figs 57C 1 –C 2 . Paralectotype, F/1135, SL: 17.5 mm, MD: 9.0 mm, illustrated in Schaffer (1912: 150, pl. 51, fig. 26), Krahuletz Museum (Eggenburg, Austria), Figs 57A 1 –A 2 . Paralectotype, F/ 1137, SL: 17.0 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, illustrated in Schaffer (1912: 150, pl. 51, fig. 28), Krahuletz Museum (Eggenburg, Austria), Figs 57B 1 –B 2 . Paralectotype, F/1136, illustrated in Schaffer (1912: 150, pl. 51, fig. 27). Eggenburg (Austria). Early Miocene, Eggenburgian .</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Gerhard Putzgruber (Strass im Strassertale, Austria), in recognition of his enthusiasm in collecting fossils from the Eggenburg region.</p><p>Revised description. Small, broadly conical shell of more than 11 low teleoconch whorls with undulating suture, attaining ~ 17 mm in height; apical angle about 40°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with weak shoulder placed below mid-whorl. Broad axial ribs separated by interspaces of similar width crossed by four spiral cords. Later teleoconch whorls with slightly concave sutural ramp, weakly shouldered, with wide-spaced prominent axial ribs forming small, adapically pointed, tubercles over shoulder and numerous narrow, subequal primary to tertiary spiral cords. Starting from the fourth whorl, every third axial rib develops prominent varix, roughly at about 120°. Last whorl inflated with periphery slightly below shoulder, attaining ~22% of total height. Base strongly constricted with numerous secondary and tertiary spiral threads and weak peribasal spiral cord. Columella deeply excavated; columellar callus forming narrow rim. Outer lip not preserved. Siphonal canal moderately long, narrow, twisted, distinctly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its small size, broadly conical outline, inflated last whorl and strongly constricted base. Thericium putzgruberi differs from the much larger Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852), in its less incised suture and weaker subsutural cord. The conical spire and the pointed tubercles are reminiscent of spire fragments of the Middle Miocene Thericium miospinosum (Sacco, 1895), which differs in its deeply incised suture and more prominent axial ribs at same growth stage.</p><p>It is likely that this species was erected based on subadult material. As it was described by Schaffer (1912), we accept this species, although Schaffer’s name acuminata is preoccupied by Zekeli (1852: 94) and Radovanović (1900: 68), and we propose Thericium putzgruberi nom. nov. as replacement name.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Coastal, inner neritic (Mandic et al. 2004).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Eggenburgian (Early Burdigalian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Eggenburg (Austria) (Schaffer 1912).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE354DDC64FF54815EF674FED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE354CDC67FF54817AF2B0FE3C.text	211887DE354CDC67FF54817AF2B0FE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium subcostatum (Baluk 1975)	<div><p>Thericium subcostatum (Bałuk, 1975)</p><p>Figs 58A–C</p><p>* Hemicerithium (Hemicerithium) subcostatum sp. n. — Bałuk 1975: 154, pl. 18, figs 1–3.</p><p>Hemicerithium subcostatum Bałuk, 1975 — Bałuk 2006: 198, pl. 8, fig. 7.</p><p>non Hemicerithium (Hemicerithium) subcostatum Bałuk, 1975 — Švagrovský 1981: 134, pl. 42, fig. 1 [= Ptychocerithium bronnii</p><p>(Naumann, 1852)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype Z. PAL. U.W. No BkK-G 285, SL: 7.5 mm, MD: 3.7 mm, Paleontological Institute of the Warsaw University (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk 1975: 154, pl. 18, fig. 1, Korytnica (Poland), Middle Miocene, Badenian, Figs 58B 1 –B 2 . Paratype BkK-G 286, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (1975: pl. 18, fig. 2). Fig. 58C .</p><p>Illustrated material. BkK-G 1198, SL: 9.8 mm, MD: 4.4 mm, Korytnica (Poland), illustrated in Bałuk (2006: pl. 8, fig. 7). Figs 58A 1 –A 2.</p><p>Revised description. Small, pupoid shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls, attaining ~ 10 mm in height; apical angle 40–55°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls low, convex. Subsequent whorls rapidly increasing in height, with faint subsutural collar, weakly shouldered below mid-whorl, convex below, suture weakly incised, linear. Poorly delimited, broad axial ribs forming indistinct tubercles at shoulder. One weak varix per whorl may occur. Spiral sculpture of numerous narrow spiral cords separated by narrow grooves. Last whorl ~52% of total height, with relatively broad, steep, slightly concave subsutural ramp, weakly angled at rounded shoulder, convex below; axial ribs subobsolete, except at shoulder forming low, axially elongated tubercles; spiral sculpture of narrow, flattened cords of weak primary to tertiary strength; more irregular in some specimens. Base convex with spiral sculpture continuing over base and short, twisted fasciole. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella broadly and moderately excavated. Columellar callus forming thin, narrow rim. Anal canal weakly incised, small parietal swelling. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. Thericium subcostatum is an outlier within the Paratethyan cerithiids and there are no similar species. It might belong to the extant Thericium lividulum -group, which comprises very similar morphotypes on the Canary Islands (e.g., https://www.conchology.be/?t=116&amp;aphia=139060&amp;uniquenumber=216812) but also in Pliocene Mediterranean assemblages (e.g., Landau et al. 2004: pl. 1, figs 13–14).</p><p>This species was placed in Hemicerithium by Bałuk (1975, 2006) and Švagrovský (1981), but the specimens lack characteristic features of this genus, such as a conical shell with angulated whorls and varices. Moreover, the incised anal canal places this species in Cerithiidae rather than in Plesiotrochidae . Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841 is a morphologically similar Cerithiidae species within the modern IWP fauna (see Houbrick 1993).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Badenian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975, 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE354CDC67FF54817AF2B0FE3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE354FDC66FF548252F226FE40.text	211887DE354FDC66FF548252F226FE40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium upliscichense (Kurtskhalia 1975)	<div><p>Thericium upliscichense (Kurtskhalia, 1975)</p><p>Figs 59A–B</p><p>* Cerithium upliccichensis [sic] Kurtskhalia sp. nov. — Kurtskhalia 1975: 88, pl. 1, figs 12–13.</p><p>С [erithium]. upliscichensis — Nevesskaya et al. 1986: 92.</p><p>Cerithium upliscichensis — Minashvili &amp; Ananiashbili 2020: 92.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): Nr. 114/11, SL: 10.7 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, illustrated in Kurtskhalia (1975: pl. 1, fig. 13). Paralectotypes (not seen, not illustrated): 15 well-preserved specimens from the lower part of the Uplistsikhe Formation (including specimen 114/11) and two well-preserved and numerous incomplete specimens from the upper part of the Uplistsikhe Formation (Kurtskhalia 1975). The specimens were stored in the collection of the Georgian Division of the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Geology (VNIGNI) in Tbilisi, but we have not been able to trace the material. Here we reproduce the poor illustrations from Kurtskhalia (1975), Figs 59A–B.</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, moderately broad conical shells of about seven weakly convex teleoconch whorls with narrow subsutural ramp; apical angle ~38° (Kurtskhalia 1975 gives 35 mm as maximum height). Suture moderately incised. About eight prominent, widely spaced axial ribs, fading over subsutural ramp and overrun by several prominent spiral cords. Last whorl inflated with slightly wider subsutural ramp, distinct angulation above mid-whorl, coinciding with prominent nodes on axial ribs. Base moderately constricted with two prominent peribasal cords. Aperture poorly preserved, ovate.</p><p>Discussion. This species is reminiscent of the Early Miocene Thericium putzgruberi sp. nov. but differs in its broader axial ribs and large nodes on the last whorl. Kurtskhalia (1975) introduced this species as Cerithium upliccichensis, which obviously is a lapsus calami for upliscichensis . On the plate captions, she used the correct name, which was also used by subsequent authors.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown; probably coastal marine, inner neritic, based on the accompanying fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. This is a rare species from the Sakaraulian of the Eastern Paratethys, which corresponds to the Aquitanian (Minashvili &amp; Ananiashbili 2017; Popov et al 2022b).</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Sakaraulian (Early Miocene): Kartli Basin: Uplistsikhe (Georgia) (hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE354FDC66FF548252F226FE40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE354EDC99FF5481CEF666FD04.text	211887DE354EDC99FF5481CEF666FD04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium vovkotrubense Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium vovkotrubense sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 60A–D</p><p>? Cerithium c.f. europaeum May.— Friedberg 1914: pl. 16, fig. 4.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, PIN 5904 /102, SL: 21 mm, MD: 10.2 mm, Figs 60A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes: PIN 5904 /103, SL: 26 mm, MD: 10.4 mm, Fig. 60B . PIN 5904 /104, SL: 25.2 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Fig. 60C . PIN 5904 /105, SL: 22.8 mm, MD: 9 mm, Fig. 60D. All from Dibrova (Ukraine), late Badenian (Middle Miocene) .</p><p>Type locality. Dibrova (Ukraine) .</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, late Badenian (early Serravallian).</p><p>Etymology. After village Dibrova, which was known as Vovkotruby, when the main part of type material was collected.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized, stocky broadly conical shell with distinct mid-whorl angulation; dense spiral sculpture, narrow, subequal and band-like; row of elongate, pointed nodes on mid-whorl angulation; few weak varices; last whorl high with high, conical base.</p><p>Description. Medium-sized, stocky broadly conical shell of up to 10 teleoconch whorls, attaining 25–30 mm in height; apical angle ~28°. Protoconch and earliest teleoconch morphology unknown. All whorls with dense, subequal, flattened spiral cords, separated by narrow grooves. Axial sculpture of more or less prominent varices alternating with 2–3 axial ribs; 12–14 ribs (rarely only 10) on penultimate whorl. Early teleoconch whorls with more prominent axial sculpture; axial ribs most prominent below mid-whorl. Abapically, axial ribs reduced to axially elongated, pointed nodes mid-whorl, fading over concave subsutural ramp and towards abapical suture. Weak spiral cord with indistinct nodes at adapical suture; about double the number of nodes at mid-whorl. Suture weakly incised, shallowly undulating. Last whorl high, attaining ~47–50% of total height, with one broad, weak varix opposite aperture. Base high, weakly constricted, with densely spaced band-like spiral cords. Often two to three spiral cords more prominent. Aperture elongate-ovate. Columella moderately excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow, slightly thickened rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal distinctly incised, narrow, only weak parietal denticle. Outer lip thickened. Siphonal canal very short, narrow, deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species differs from the similar Thericium zhizhchenkoi sp. nov. by the spiral row of pointed, axially elongate nodes placed mid-whorl, whereas T. zhizhchenkoi has more prominent and clearly defined, rounded nodes, and two sub- and suprasutural spiral rows of nodes. Thericium zhizhchenkoi lacks a varix opposite the aperture, is smaller at the same number of whorls and has a higher last whorl. In addition, they are stratigraphically and geographically separated, which makes a close phylogenetic relationship unlikely ( Thericium vovkotrubense, late Badenian Carpathian Foredeep versus Thericium zhizhchenkoi, Chokrakian, Ciscaucasia).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the late Badenian (Serravallian) of Carpathian Foredeep area of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dibrova, Kytaigorod, Postolivka, Sataniv (Khmel’nytskyi Region) (hoc opus), probably Zboriv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE354EDC99FF5481CEF666FD04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35B1DC9AFF54830AF3ADFE88.text	211887DE35B1DC9AFF54830AF3ADFE88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium zeuschneri (Pusch 1836)	<div><p>Thericium zeuschneri (Pusch, 1836)</p><p>Figs 27P, 61A–E</p><p>* C [erithium]. Zeuschneri Nob.— Pusch 1836: 528 .</p><p>Cerithium Zeuschneri m.— Pusch 1837: 148 (pars), pl. 12, fig. 13 [non fig. 14 = Thericium miospinosum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>[ Cerithium] Zeuschneri Pusch— Hauer 1837: 419 .</p><p>Cerithium Zeuschneri Pusch— Hörnes 1848: 21 .</p><p>[ Cerithium] Grateloupii Hörnes— Hörnes 1848: 21 [nomen nudum, non d’Orbigny, 1852].</p><p>Cerithium Zeuschneri Eichwald 1853: 153 .</p><p>Cerithium Grateloupii — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 69, fig. 23 [nomen nudum, non d’Orbigny, 1852].</p><p>[ Cerithium] Grateloupii Hörn.— Naumann 1854: 1066 [nomen nudum, non d’Orbigny, 1852].</p><p>Cerithium Zeuschneri Pusch— Hörnes 1855: 388, pl. 41, figs 5–6.</p><p>Cerithium calculosum — Quenstedt 1884: 499, pl. 204, figs 69, 70 [non Thericium calculosum (de Basterot, 1825)].</p><p>Cerithium Zeuchneri [sic] Pusch— Macovei 1909: pl. 11, 157, fig. 12.</p><p>Cerithium Zejszneri [sic] Pusch— Friedberg 1914: 257, pl. 16, fig. 6.</p><p>Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) Zeuschneri Pusch— Sieber 1937: 492 .</p><p>Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) Zeuschneri Pusch var. ancestralis n. v. — Sieber 1937: 492, pl. 24, fig. D4.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) zejszneri [sic] Pusch— Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 25, fig. 17.</p><p>C. (T [iaracerithium].) zeuschneri zeuschneri Pusch— Sieber 1958: 137 .</p><p>C. (T [iaracerithium].) zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber— Sieber 1958: 137.</p><p>Cerithium zeischneri Pusch— Strachimirov 1960b: 263, pl. 5, fig. 5.</p><p>Cerithium zeuschneri letkésensis nov. var. — Strausz 1959: 149, 322, pl. 2, figs 7–8.</p><p>Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) zeuschneri Pusch 1837 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960: 105, pl. 31, figs 6–7.</p><p>Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri Pusch— Báldi 1960: 61, pl. 1, fig. 10.</p><p>Cerithium zeuschneri letkésensis Strausz 1959 — Boda 1964: 110.</p><p>Cerithium zeuschneri Pusch— Strausz 1962: 47, pl. 10, fig. 3, pl. 11, fig. 2.</p><p>Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz— Strausz 1962: 47, pl. 10, figs 1, 4.</p><p>Cerithium zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Strausz 1966: 134, pl. 10, fig. 3, pl. 11, fig. 2.</p><p>Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz, 1959 — Strausz 1966: 135, pl. 10, figs 1, 4.</p><p>Cerithium zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 156, pl. 38, figs 16–17.</p><p>Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Bałuk 1975: 150, pl. 18, figs 6–9.</p><p>Conocerithium banaticum (Boettger, 1902) — Švagrovský 1981: 133, pl. 41, fig. 9 [non Hemicerithium banaticum (Boettger, 1902)].</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Švagrovský 1981: 132, pl. 41, figs 6–8.</p><p>Cerithium (Thericium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Atanacković 1985: 106, pl. 25, figs 12–16.</p><p>Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri zeuschneri Pusch— Schultz 1998: 58, pl. 22, fig. 1.</p><p>Cerithium vulgatum europaeum Mayer— Tiţă 2007: 547, fig. 5f [non Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878)].</p><p>Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri Pusch, 1837 — Popa et al. 2014: 7, pl. 1, fig. 3.</p><p>non Cerithium Zeuschneri— Quenstedt 1884: 490, pl. 204, figs 41–42 [= Thericium miospinosum (Sacco, 1895)].</p><p>non Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) cf. Zeuschneri Pusch— Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922: 187, pl. 5, fig. 14 [= Batillariidae ?].</p><p>Type material. Neotype designated herein: BkK-G 276-279 (Paleontological Institute of the Warsaw University, Poland), SL: 28 mm, MD: 13 mm, illustrated in Bałuk (1975: pl. 18, fig. 6), Middle Miocene (Badenian), Korytnica (Poland). Pusch (1837) illustrated two specimens which are obviously not conspecific. Consequently, Hörnes (1855) excluded the specimen illustrated in Pusch (1837: pl. 12, fig. 14) from Cerithium zeuschneri [= Thericium miospinosum (Sacco, 1895)]. The whereabouts of the syntypes, described by Pusch (1836) from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Korytnica (Poland) are unknown and the specimens are lost. To clarify the situation, we designate a neotype from Korytnica.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 1876/0011/0051, SL: 28.9 mm, MD: 12.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 61A 1 –A 2. NHMW 1846/0037/0355, SL: 22.3 mm, MD: 9.7 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 6a–b), Figs 61B 1 –B 2. NHMW 1846/0037/0356, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 11.0 mm, Möllersdorf (Austria) illustrated in Hörnes (1855: pl. 41, figs 5a–b), Figs 61C 1 –C 2. NHMW 1863/0015/0746, SL: 20.6 mm, MD: 8.3, mm, Niederleis (Austria), holotype of Cerithium zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber, 1937, illustrated in Sieber (1937: pl. 24, fig. D4), Figs 61D 1 –D 2. NHMW 2023/0040/0010, SL: 25.7 mm, MD: 12.0 mm, Steinebrunn (Austria), Figs 61E 1 –E 2. NHMW 2023/0029/0002, SL: 22.9 mm, MD: 9.2 mm, Möllersdorf (Austria), Fig. 27P.</p><p>Additional material. M.7., illustrated in Strausz (1959: pl. 2, figs 7–8), Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary (Budapest), Letkés (Hungary), holotype of Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz, 1959; 53 spec., NHMW 1860/0001/0264, Steinebrunn and Gainfarn (Austria); 11 spec., NHMW 1969/0001/0529, Forchtenau (Austria); 6 spec., NHMW 1846/0037/0356, Möllersdorf (Austria); 12 spec., NHMW 1859/0032/0157, Möllersdorf (Austria); 3 spec., NHMW 1866/9940/0124, Baden-Sooss (Austria); 1 spec., NHMW 1863/0015/0746, Niederleis (Austria), paratype of Cerithium zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber, 1937; 1 spec., NHMW 1855/0038/0038, Korytnica (Poland); 1 spec., NHMW 1861/0011/0104, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czechia); 6 spec., NHMW 1865/0015/0085, Lysice (Czechia); 5 spec., NHMW 1865/0036/0122, Lysice (Czechia); 6 spec., NHMW 1867/0019/0187, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania); 11 spec., NHMW 1868/0001/0500, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); 30 spec., NHMW 1854/0035/0292, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).</p><p>Revised description. Medium-sized shell of up to 13 teleoconch whorls and gradate, strongly coronate spire, attaining ~ 20–29 mm in height; apical angle 42–50°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls conical, straight sided with several broad, flat spiral cords separated by narrow interspaces; broad indistinct, widely spaced axial ribs with 2–3 weak varices per whorl. On about sixth whorl profile changing abruptly to subcylindrical with markedly gradate and coronate profile, coinciding with onset of row of pointed tubercles (8–12 last whorl) developed at shoulder, placed close below adapical suture. Suture moderately impressed, weakly undulating. Last whorl subcylindrical, attaining ~45% of total height, angled at shoulder placed immediately below suture and at one or two peribasal cords bearing smaller, more numerous, often spiny tubercles. Weaker secondary cords over base and fasciole, with slightly strengthened perifasciolar cord. Aperture ovate, moderately wide. Columella broadly and weakly excavated, smooth. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Anal canal broad, deep, distinct parietal denticle. Outer lip wide, crenulated, thin, often with terminal varix. Weak spiral lirae deep inside aperture. Siphonal canal moderate length and width, deeply incised, only slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Synonyms. Cerithium (Tiaracerithium) zeuschneri ancestralis Sieber, 1937 is based on two specimens with weak tubercles. This ‘variety’ was separated by Sieber (1937) also on the erroneous assumption, that the specimens from Niederleis (Austria) are older than other occurrences of the Vienna Basin. The locality, however, is of middle Badenian age (containing Orbulina) like the other Austrian localities Steinebrunn, Gainfarn and Möllersdorf (Mandic et al., 2004; own data M.H.). Similarly, Cerithium zeuschneri letkesensis Strausz, 1959 was based on a specimen with weak sculpture.</p><p>Discussion. This species is characterized by its barrel-shaped, strongly coronate whorls. Early teleoconch whorls show that the tubercles correspond to the mid-whorl spiral cord with tubercles in Thericium europaeum (Mayer, 1878a) and Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852) and therefore, we place it in the same group. Thericium zeuschneri (Pusch, 1836) displays some variability concerning sculpture of tubercles, which range from weak, rounded to prominent and spiny. Especially populations from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) contain many specimens with pointed tubercles and slightly concave whorl profiles between the spiral rows of tubercles. Such specimens are rare but present also in the populations from Steinebrunn (Austria) and therefore, we refrain from separating this morphotype as distinct species.</p><p>Quenstedt (1884: 499) described this species as Cerithium calculosum de Basterot, 1825 from the Sarmatian of Nexing (Austria). This record is obviously based on mixing of material from other localities as the Badenian T. zeuschneri, does not occur in Sarmatian strata and is unknown from the enormously rich material from Nexing.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. This species was commonly found in sandy deposits at Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) suggesting agitated sublittoral conditions partly with seagrass meadows (Biskupič 2023). Similarly, occurrences at Gainfarn (Austria), suggest inner neritic environments with seagrass (Zuschin et al. 2007).</p><p>Distribution. Thericium zeuschneri is restricted to the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa (Poland) (Friedberg 1914); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zboriv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914); North Alpine -Carpathian Foredeep: Grund (Austria) (Hörnes 1855); Przibitz, Lysice (Czechia) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Gainfarn, Möllersdorf, Niederleis, Steinebrunn (Austria) (Hörnes 1855; Sieber 1937); Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou (Czechia) (Sieber 1937); Devínska Nová Ves (Slovakia) (Švagrovský 1981); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (Hörnes 1855); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Devecser, Szokolya (Hungary) (Báldi 1960; Strausz 1966), Hrvaćani, Čaklovica (Bosnia and Hercegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Popa et al. 2014; hoc opus); Bahna Basin: Curchia river (Romania) (Macovei 1909; Tiţă 2007); Dacian Basin: Staropatitsa, Opanets, Trifonovo, Tyrnene, Urovene, Yasen (Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva &amp; Strachimirov 1960).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35B1DC9AFF54830AF3ADFE88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35B2DC9DFF548186F668FDA8.text	211887DE35B2DC9DFF548186F668FDA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium zhizhchenkoi Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Thericium zhizhchenkoi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 62A–B</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1936: 198, pl. 21, figs 18–20.</p><p>Cerithium rubiginosum Eichwald— Zhizhchenko 1959: 248, pl. 16, figs 29–31.</p><p>Type material. Holotype. TSNIGR 150 /11330, SL: 18 mm, MD: 9 mm, Belomechetskaya (Russia), Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian, Figs 62A 1 –A 2 . Paratype. PIN 5904 /65, SL: 16.2 mm, MD: 7.5 mm, Novo-Kuvinsk (Russia), Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian, Figs 62B 1 –B 2 .</p><p>Type locality. Belomechetskaya (Russia), Ciscaucasia .</p><p>Type stratum. Unknown.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to Russian geologist Boris Zhizhchenko (1907–1983), who firstly found this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small sized, stout conical shell characterized by a dense spiral sculpture with three broader rows of rounded nodes, without varices. Middle row partly with spiny nodes, forming periphery at mid-whorl.</p><p>Description. Small, stout conical shell of about eight teleoconch whorls; apical angle 35–39°. Protoconch unknown. Spire whorls low, with mid-whorl angulation, covered by densely spaced cords delimited by narrow furrows, with two broad band-like cords with rows of nodes (12–14 on last whorl) placed at adapical suture and at mid-whorl. Tubercles mid-whorl more prominent, spiny. Two weaker spiral bands between suture and adapical broad cord, three thinner band-like cords between broad spiral cords, five to six cords between mid-whorl broad cord and abapical suture. Axial sculpture indistinct, vague axial ribs below mid-whorl angulation, fading over concave subsutural ramp. Suture moderately incised, shallowly undulating. Last whorl slightly inflated, attaining ~55% of total height, with strongly constricted base delimited by broad peribasal band with low round nodes or poorly developed swellings. Base covered by close-set spiral cords and threads with two cords more prominent, dividing base into three parts. Aperture ovate. Columella broadly and strongly excavated; columellar callus thin. Anal canal weakly incised and clearly constricted by parietal denticle. Outer lip thickened. Siphonal canal well developed, deeply incised, only slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. The holotype of Thericium zhizhchenkoi is the most complete specimen with complete aperture but is slightly abraded and its sculpture is poorly preserved; especially the spiny character of the tubercles at mid-whorl is missing. Shells from other localities have high, pointed tubercles at mid-whorl, and the round nodes of the abapical cord significantly lower and sometimes reduced up to indistinct, flattened elevations. This species is closely similar to Thericium vovkotrubense sp. nov., for comparison see that species.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. A rare species documented from the earliest Chokrakian of the Ciscaucasian area of the Eastern Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Ciscaucasia: Belaya River (Adygea), Novo-Kuvinsk (Karachay-Cherkessia), Khadyzhensk (Krasnodar Krai), Belomechetskaya (Stavropol Krai, Russia) (Zhizhchenko 1936; hoc opus) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35B2DC9DFF548186F668FDA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35B5DC9CFF54854AF6FCFAAA.text	211887DE35B5DC9CFF54854AF6FCFAAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thericium lomnickii (Friedberg 1914)	<div><p>‘Thericium’ lomnickii (Friedberg, 1914)</p><p>Figs 63A–B</p><p>* Benoistia Łomnickii Friedb.— Friedberg 1914: 270, pl. 16, fig. 18.</p><p>Benoistia lomnickii Friedb.— Urbaniak 1974: 32, pl. 12, fig. 18, pl. 13, fig. 9, pl. 19, fig. 12.</p><p>Type material. Syntype?, ZNG PAN A-I-50/623.1, SL: 13.0 mm, MD: 7.5 mm. Hołdy Hill near Buchyna (Ukraine) Middle Miocene, Badenian. Figs 63A 1 –A 2. The specimens, which are labelled as types in the collection of the Geological Museum of the Institute of Geological Sciences (Polish Academy of Science) in Kraków (Poland), differ from the illustration in Friedberg (1914) in the more convex whorls and the smaller size (Friedberg 1914 mentions a height of 18 mm). Therefore, we doubt that the illustrated specimen is preserved in this lot and the identity of this species remains dubious.</p><p>Additional material. ZNG PAN A-I-50/623.2, SL: 13.9 mm, MD: 8.6 mm, Zboriv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), Figs 63B 1 –B 2.</p><p>Revised description. Small, stout conical shell of about eight teleoconch whorls; apical angle 50°. Protoconch unknown. Spire whorls low, strongly convex with prominent varices and broad, prominent axial ribs, separated by narrower interspaces. Spiral sculpture indistinct, composed of narrow spiral cords. Axial ribs weaken abapically, bearing small tubercles at shoulder on last three whorls, indistinct tubercular or beaded subsutural collar and faintly concave sutural ramp. Suture moderately incised. Last whorl slightly inflated, attaining more than 50% of total height, with strongly constricted base delimited by prominent beaded peribasal cord. Further weaker spiral cords over base. Aperture ovate. Columella broadly and strongly excavated; columellar callus thin. Anal canal weakly incised. Outer lip thickened. Siphonal canal unknown.</p><p>Discussion. This species was placed by Friedberg (1914) in the Paleogene genus Benoistia Cossmann, 1900 (type species Cerithium muricoides Lamarck, 1804; Eocene, France), placing in family Brachytrematidae . The sculpture of the early teleoconch whorls with densely spaced, prominent axial ribs, however, suggests a placement in Cerithiidae . Friedberg (1914) discussed a similarity with Hemicerithium tauroconicum (Sacco, 1895), from the Burdigalian of Italy. However, these species are clearly unrelated. Hemicerithium tauroconicum differs in its stout conical shape, the straight-sided whorls and it lacks any granules. The placement in Thericium by us is tentative at best.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Voronyaky Hills: Hołdy hill (between Makitra and village Buchyna) (Lviv Region, Ukraine); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Tarnów (Poland) (Urbaniak 1974); Zboriv (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) (Friedberg 1914).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35B5DC9CFF54854AF6FCFAAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35B4DC9FFF5485A0F6BAFB9C.text	211887DE35B4DC9FFF5485A0F6BAFB9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium cochleare Baily 1858	<div><p>‘Cerithium’ cochleare Baily, 1858 species inquirenda</p><p>Figs 64A–E</p><p>* Cerithium cochleare sp. nov. — Baily 1858: 150, pl. 10, fig. 10.</p><p>Type material. The type material is stored in British Museum of Natural History, London. Lectotype (designated herein), NHMUK PI TB 27309, SL: 20 mm, MD: 7.0 mm, Mramornaya gully (= “ Gorge of Iphigenia ”) (Crimea), Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian, Fig. 64D. Three poorly preserved paralectotypes (NHMUK PI TB 27306– NHMUK PI TB 27308), Figs 64A–C.</p><p>Discussion. Baily (1858) described and illustrated a slender conical shell with straight whorls and prominent, axial ribs separated by interspaces of about same width, lacking spiral sculpture (Fig. 64E). The lectotype, however, has a faint mid-whorl angulation with insignificant tubercles and remnants of spiral cords. Due to the poor preservation, the status of this species remains unclear.</p><p>Note that Cerithium cochleare Baily, 1858 is not a homonym of Cerithium cochlear Fuchs, 1870 because article 57.6 of the ICZN states: “ a one-letter difference between species-group names combined with the same generic name is sufficient to prevent homonymy ”.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic based on the associated fauna (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Early Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Early Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Mramornaya gully (= “ Gorge of Iphigenia ”) (Crimea) (hoc opus) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35B4DC9FFF5485A0F6BAFB9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35B7DC9EFF5484FAF22EFC00.text	211887DE35B7DC9EFF5484FAF22EFC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiotrochidae Houbrick 1990	<div><p>Family Plesiotrochidae Houbrick, 1990</p><p>Genus Hemicerithium Cossmann, 1894</p><p>Type species. Cerithium imperfectum Deshayes, 1833, original designation by Cossmann (1894: 302). Eocene, France .</p><p>Diagnosis. “ Cerithium imperfectum as the type of a section, exclusively fossil in the Tertiary terrains, is composed of relatively smaller species, and characterized by the numerous varices of the surface, by the hardly excavated columella, by the short and not very oblique canal. […] In the interior of the aperture one generally notices some tubercular swellings opposite the last varix, the labrum is more or less vertical, without the slightest inflection, and differs consequently from the characteristic arrangement of Cerithium adansoni .” (Cossmann 1894: 302, translated from French).</p><p>Synonyms. Conocerithium Sacco, 1895, type species Cerithium (Conocerithium) tauroconicum Sacco, 1895, original designation by Sacco (1895: 22); Burdigalian, Italy. The type species is broad conical, stocky with almost straight sided, conical whorls, bearing drop-shaped axial ribs, which terminate at the slightly undulating abapical suture. The last whorl is strongly constricted (see Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984, pl. 35, fig. 2). Morphologically, it is highly reminiscent of Hemicerithium resectum (de Basterot, 1825) (= H. fallax Grateloup, 1832) from the Early Miocene of France and there is little reason to assume that they represent two different genera. Therefore, we consider Conocerithium Sacco, 1895 as subjective junior synonym of Hemicerithium Cossmann, 1894 and place Hemicerithium tauroconicum in Plesiotrochidae . Houbrick (1990) did not mention Conocerithium in his paper on Plesiotrochus .</p><p>Discussion. Several Plesiotrochidae have been described from the Oligocene and Miocene of the Northeastern Atlantic and the Central Paratethys Sea, e.g., Hemicerithium adultum (Grateloup, 1845) (= H. subtrochleare d’Orbigny, 1852), H. banaticum (Boettger, 1902), H. dissitum (Sandberger, 1858), H. evae (Boettger, 1902), H. olgae (Boettger, 1902), H. resectum (de Basterot, 1825) (= H. fallax Grateloup, 1832). Some of these Tertiary European species were placed in Plesiotrochus Fischer, 1878 by Lozouet et al. (2001), Lozouet &amp; Maestrati (2012), and Thivaiou et al. (2019), probably following Houbrick (1990) who treated Hemicerithium as junior synonym of Plesiotrochus . The type species of Plesiotrochus, Plesiotrochus souverbianus Fischer, 1878, is an extant species from the Indo-West Pacific Region and is characterized by a moderately slender trochiform shell with prominent angulation close above the abapical suture and sculpture of several delicate spiral cords without varices. Other extant species, currently placed in Plesiotrochus, such as P. fischeri Smith, 1909, P. luteus (Gould, 1861), P. pagodiformis Hedley, 1907, P. penetricinctus (Cotton, 1932) and P. unicinctus (A. Adams, 1853), follow this scheme.An exception is Plesiotrochus monachus (Crosse &amp; Fischer, 1864), which differs in its mid-whorl angulation and the presence of blunt varices and axial sculpture. This species is closer to the Tertiary Hemicerithium species than to extant Plesiotrochus . Cotton (1932: 539) introduced Hypotrochus for P. monachus, but Houbrick (1990) suggested that this was a junior synonym of Plesiotrochus based on anatomical features. Molecular data will be needed to decide on the status of Hypotrochus . Already Pacaud (2019) criticized synonymizing Hemicerithium and Plesiotrochus by Houbrick (1990) based on conchological differences especially of the last whorl. Herein, we prefer to place the European Tertiary species in Hemicerithium . In our opinion, the IWP genus Plesiotrochus did not occur in the Paratethys Sea.</p><p>The Plesiotrochidae were not very diverse in the Paratethys Sea and are represented only by the genus Hemicerithium . Four species are recognized herein in the Central Paratethys, and one species is recorded from the Eastern Paratethys. No Plesiotrochidae passed the Badenian/Sarmatian boundary. In the Eastern Paratethyan, the Plesiotrochidae were confined to the Middle Miocene Tarkhanian and Chokrakian stages (Iljina 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35B7DC9EFF5484FAF22EFC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35B6DC90FF54840EF52BFE18.text	211887DE35B6DC90FF54840EF52BFE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicerithium banaticum (Boettger 1902)	<div><p>Hemicerithium banaticum (Boettger, 1902)</p><p>Figs 65A–C</p><p>* Cerithium (Conocerithium) banaticum n. sp. — Boettger 1902: 118.</p><p>Cerithium (Conocerithium) banaticum Boettger— Zilch 1934: 221, pl. 8, fig. 33.</p><p>Tritonium (?) zboroviense Friedb.— Friedberg 1938a: 113, text fig. 34.</p><p>Cerithium (Conocerithium) banaticum Boettger — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 23, pl. 1, figs 6–7, 13–14.</p><p>Conocerithium banaticum Boettger— Strausz 1962: 47, pl. 10, figs 6–7, text fig. 60.</p><p>Conocerithium banaticum Boettger, 1901 — Strausz 1966: 139, pl. 10, figs 6–7.</p><p>Cerithium (Conocerithium) banaticum Boettger— Kókay 1966: 45, pl. 4, figs 19–20.</p><p>Cerithium (Conocerithium) banaticum (Boettger) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 21, pl. 3, fig. 23.</p><p>Hemicerithium (Hemicerithium) banaticum (Boettger) — Bałuk 1975: 153, pl. 18, figs 4–5.</p><p>Conocerithium (Conocerithium) banaticum (Boettger, 1901) — Atanacković 1985: 108, pl. 26, figs 6–7.</p><p>Hemicerithium (Hemicerithium) cf. banaticum (Boettger, 1901) — Nikolov 1993: 68, pl. 3, figs 1–2.</p><p>non Conocerithium banaticum (Boettger, 1902) — Švagrovský 1981: 133, pl. 41, fig. 9. [= Thericium zeuschneri (Pusch,</p><p>1836)]. non Cerithium (Hemicerithium) banaticum (Boettger, 1901) — Iljina 1993: 82, pl. 10, figs 16–18 [= Hemicerithium caucasicum</p><p>sp. nov.].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype SMF XII 2427 a, SL: 8.5 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt am Main. (Germany), designated by Zilch (1934: 221, pl. 8, fig. 33), Figs 65A 1 –A 2. Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Middle Miocene, early/middle Badenian . Paralectotypes SMF XII 2427 b–d, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0043/0004, SL: 9.8 mm, MD: 4.9 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 65C 1 –C 2. NHMW 2023/0027/0003, SL: 8.0 mm, MD: 3.9 mm, Baden (Austria), Figs 65B 1 –B 2.</p><p>Additional material. 12 spec., NHMW 2023 /0043/0005, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) ; 23 spec., NHMW 2018 /0248/0557, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) ; 12 spec, NHMW 2023 /0027/0004, Baden (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2023 /0030/0002, Forchtenau (Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 2023 /0053/0001, Porzteich (Czechia) ; 3 spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0382, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0395, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Small, broadly conical shell of nine teleoconch whorls with prominent, strongly swollen varices, attaining ~ 8–10 mm in height; apical angle ~35°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls convex with delicate spiral sculpture. Later whorls with broad, straight to weakly convex sutural ramp, angled at periphery placed short distance above abapical suture. Sculpture of broad, wide-spaced, irregular axial ribs; spiral sculpture of prominent primary and secondary cords. Periphery in abapical third of whorls, often coinciding with two more prominent spiral cords. Sutural ramp sometimes weakly cancellate. Axial ribs may form broad, low, tubercles at intersections at periphery. Suture deeply incised, undulating. Last whorl convex, inflated, attaining ~45% of total height, with weak peribasal spiral cord. About four varices on last whorl. Base strongly constricted, weakly convex; sculpture of close-set primary and secondary cords covers entire base and fasciole.Aperture wide, ovate. Columellar callus forming narrow rim, weakly delimited from base. Columella straight. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin, smooth. Siphonal canal short, wide, slightly deflected to the left.</p><p>Discussion. This species displays some variability concerning slenderness of the late teleoconch whorls and strength of the varices and axial ribs, resulting in specimens with dominant spiral sculpture (e.g., Bałuk 1975, pl. 10, fig. 4). Hemicerithium perrettai Pacaud, 2019, from the Bartonian of France, is comparable in outline and develops prominent varices, but differs in its reduced axial ribs and weaker spiral sculpture (see Pacaud 2019: pl. 1, fig. 6). Specimens described by Iljina (1993) as this species from the Middle Miocene of the Eastern Paratethys are excluded herein from H. banaticum; see Hemicerithium caucasicum sp. nov.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Badenian (Langhian, early Serravallian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica (Poland) (Bałuk 1975); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zboriv (Ternopil Region) (Ukraine) (Friedberg 1938a); Vienna Basin: Porzteich (Czechia), Baden (Austria) (hoc opus); Styrian Basin: Wetzelsdorf (Austria) (Strausz 1966); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Sámsonháza (Hungary) (Strausz 1966), Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Hercegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Cserhát Hills: Kelet-Cserhát (Hungary), Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta (Hungary) (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); Dacian Basin: Yasen (Bulgaria) (Nikolov 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35B6DC90FF54840EF52BFE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35B8DC93FF548236F378F977.text	211887DE35B8DC93FF548236F378F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicerithium caucasicum Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Hemicerithium caucasicum sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 66A–F</p><p>Cerithium (Hemicerithium) banaticum (Boettger, 1901) — Iljina 1993: 82, pl. 10, figs 16–18 [non Hemicerithium banaticum (Boettger, 1902)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype. PIN 5904 /66, SL: 14 mm, MD: 7 mm, Cape Carta (Turkey), early Chokrakian, Figs 66A 1 –A 2 . Paratypes. PIN 5904 /67, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 5.6 mm, Malyi Kamyshlak (Crimea), early Chokrakian, Fig. 66B . PIN 5904 /68, SL: 8.5 mm, MD: 4.8 mm, Lake Chokrak (Crimea), early Chokrakian, Fig. 66C . PIN 5904 /69, SL: 6.4 mm, MD: 3.6 mm, Belaya River (Russia), early Chokrakian, Figs 66D 1 –D 2 . PIN 5904 / 70, Belaya River (Russia), Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian, Fig. 66E . PIN 5904 / 71, Arabadurağı (Turkey), Middle Miocene, Tarkhanian, Fig. 66F.</p><p>Type locality. Cape Carta (Turkey, Sinop District) .</p><p>Type stratum. Sandy aleurite.</p><p>Age. Middle Miocene, early Chokrakian (Langhian).</p><p>Etymology. Referring to the occurrence of this species in the Caucasus region.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, moderately slender conical shell with bicarinate early teleoconch whorls and convex later whorls, with strongly reduced axial sculpture; spiral sculpture of two close-set primary spiral cords and numerous delicate secondary cords and threads.</p><p>Description. Small (12–14 mm), conical shell of nine to ten teleoconch whorls; apical angle 32–40°. Protoconch of 2.5 convex and smooth whorls, with deep sinusigera (dp = ~320 μm). First spiral cord appears at mid-whorl from beginning of teleoconch, forming keel on first three to four teleoconch whorls. Second spiral cord appears half whorl later, attaining strength of first cord after fourth whorl. Subsequent whorls bicarinate, with two prominent cords; adapical placed mid-whorl, except for last 2–2.5 whorls with convex periphery. Numerous close-set secondary spiral cords and threads of variable strength, separated by narrow grooves. Axial sculpture strongly reduced, visible on early teleoconch whorls as narrow swellings around first spiral cord, only occasionally reaching across entire whorl. Last whorl evenly convex, attaining ~50% of total height, densely covered by cords variable in thickness, often with the two primary spiral cords slightly more prominent. Base convex, covered by slightly weaker and more wide-spaced cords. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow rim. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip thin, smooth. Siphonal canal short, very wide.</p><p>Discussion. This species was identified by Iljina (1993) as Hemicerithium banaticum (Boettger, 1902), which has a comparable outline, but differs in its much stronger varices and undulating suture. Hemicerithium caucasicum sp. nov. is reminiscent of H. evae (Boettger, 1902), from which it differs in its reduced axial sculpture, the prominent primary spiral cords, and the convex whorls. Iljina illustrated subadult shells (1993: pl. 10, figs 16, 18) with a single small figure of probably adult shell (pl. 10, fig. 17).</p><p>This species is frequently found in coarse grained shallow water sediment of the Eastern Paratethys, but the shells are usually fragmented (own data A.G.). Therefore, complete, fully grown shells are rare and little information on its morphological variability is available.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic (own data A.G.).</p><p>Distribution. Tarkhanian and early Chokrakian of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Arabadurağı (Sinop District) (hoc opus); Ciscaucasia: Damanka, Khadyzhensk, Kutais, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai, Russia) (Iljina 1993; hoc opus). Chokrakian (Middle Miocene): Turkey: Cape Carta (Sinop District) (hoc opus); Crimea: Lake Chokrak, Leninskoe (place Yuzmyak), Malyi Kamyshlak, section Skelya, Cape Tarkhan, Cape Zyuk; Ciscaucasia: Belaya, Fars and Kurdzhips rivers, ravine Semikolennyi (Adygeya), Kutais, Shirvanskaya (Krasnodar Krai), ravine Yaman-Dzhalga (Stavropol Krai, Russia); Transcaucasia: Dzhgali (Georgia) (Iljina 1993; hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35B8DC93FF548236F378F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35BBDC92FF548704F5F1FA5F.text	211887DE35BBDC92FF548704F5F1FA5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicerithium evae (Boettger 1902)	<div><p>Hemicerithium evae (Boettger, 1902)</p><p>Figs 65D–E</p><p>* Cerithium (Conocerithium) evae sp. nov. — Boettger 1902: 118.</p><p>Cerithium (Conocerithium) evae Boettger— Boettger 1906: 139 .</p><p>Cerithium (Conocerithium) evae Boettger— Zilch 1934: 221, pl. 8, fig. 32.</p><p>? Tritonium zboroviense Friedb.— Krach &amp; Ksiażkiewicz 1950: 285 .</p><p>Conocerithium (Conocerithium) olgae (Boettger, 1901) — Atanacković 1985: 109, pl. 26, figs 8–9 [non Hemicerithium olgae (Boettger, 1902)].</p><p>Type material. Lectotype SMF XII 2426 a, SL: 12.8 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt am Main (Germany), designated by Zilch (1934: 221), Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Middle Miocene, early/middle Badenian, Figs 65D 1 –D 2 . Paralectotypes SFM XII 2426 b–d, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0042/0008, SL: 20.2 mm, MD: 8.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), Figs 65E 1 –E 2.</p><p>Additional material. 6 spec., NHMW 1863 /0016/0197, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, broad conical shell of up to 11 teleoconch whorls with weak varices, attaining ~ 13–21 mm in height; apical angle 41–45°. Protoconch unknown. Earliest teleoconch whorls convex with delicate spiral cords. Third teleoconch whorl with mid-whorl angulation and faintly concave sutural ramp; weakly convex below angulation. Whorls covered by fine spiral cords, with close-set pair of more prominent spiral cords at periphery. Axial ribs subobsolete on sutural ramp, forming weak tubercles over peripheral pair of spirals. Suture distinctly incised. Angulation fading on penultimate and last whorls, which become more convex. Surface of last whorls covered by narrow primary and secondary spiral cords. Last whorl convex, attaining ~45% of total height. Varices weak (three on last whorl). Base convex, strongly constricted, delimited by only slightly strengthened peribasal cord. Aperture wide, ovate. Columella moderately excavated. Columellar callus forming narrow rim, poorly delimited from base. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip smooth. Siphonal canal short, wide, slightly bent to the left.</p><p>Synonyms. Tritonium (?) zboroviense Friedberg, 1938 is based on at least two syntypes from the Badenian of Zboriv (Ukraine). Friedberg (1938, fig. 34) illustrated two specimens of which the right one corresponds fully with H. evae whereas the left one is rather slender and lacks an angulation of the whorls. Herein we designate the right specimen as lectotype of Tritonium (?) zboroviense and consider it to be a subjective junior synonym of H. evae .</p><p>Discussion. This species is variable concerning slenderness and size. The holotype represents a relatively small and broad specimen. Bałuk (1975) considered Hemicerithium evae (Boettger, 1902) to be a subjective synonym of H. banaticum (Boettger, 1902), with which it co-occurs. However, they are distinguished by the much larger size of H. evae, the wider apical angle, the much weaker varices, and the angulated periphery of H. evae . Hemicerithium evae is slightly reminiscent of Hemicerithium adela (Dall, 1915), from the Early Miocene of Florida (USA), but differs in its characteristic pair of spiral cords at the periphery (see Hoerle 1972: pl. 2, fig. 2).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation (Baden) suggest middle to outer neritic environments with up to 210 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Badenian (Langhian, early Serravallian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Porzteich (Czechia), Baden (Austria) (hoc opus); Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani (Bosnia and Hercegovina) (Atanacković 1985); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Zilch 1934: hoc opus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35BBDC92FF548704F5F1FA5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35BADC95FF5485F3F5C6F83E.text	211887DE35BADC95FF5485F3F5C6F83E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicerithium kovacsi Harzhauser & Guzhov & Landau 2025	<div><p>Hemicerithium kovacsi sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 67A</p><p>? Plesiotrochus sp. — Kovács &amp; Vicián 2016: 237, pl. 1, fig. 9.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, INV 2016.2, SL: 9.0 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Fig. 67A.</p><p>Type locality. Esztergom-Szentgyörgymező (Hungary), Esztergom Basin .</p><p>Type stratum. Clayey silt.</p><p>Age. Egerian (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene).</p><p>Etymology. In honor of Zoltán Kovács (Budapest), who detected this species and described it together with his colleague Zoltán Vicián (Budapest) in open nomenclature.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small, weakly coeloconoid shell with marked angulation below mid-whorl, broad subsutural ramp, axial sculpture of broad varices and large blunt tubercles at periphery fading towards adapical suture, spiral sculpture of numerous narrow spiral cords, strong peribasal cord.</p><p>Description. Small, conical shell of nine teleoconch whorls with weakly coeloconoid spire; apical angle 30°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls angulated above abapical suture with broad subsutural ramp, broad axial ribs and narrow spiral cords (surface abraded). Abapically, axial ribs weaken over subsutural ramp, broaden below, widely spaced, separated by interspaces of about equal width, forming large, rounded tubercles at periphery. Spiral sculpture of numerous (about 17) narrow spiral cords separated by narrow grooves. Two to three prominent varices per whorl. Suture narrowly incised, undulating. Base concave, with prominent peribasal cord. Last part of last whorl not preserved.</p><p>Discussion. This is the stratigraphically earliest Plesiotrochidae species from the Egerian (Chattian/Aquitanian) of the Paratethys Sea. Despite the fragmentary preservation, we formally introduce this species as new as it can clearly be distinguished from congeneric Oligocene and Miocene species. Several species are known from the Oligocene and Early Miocene of the Northeastern Atlantic and the Mainz Basin (Lozouet et al. 2001; Lozouet &amp; Maestrati 2012, for nomenclatorial rectifications see Pacaud 2019). Of these, the Oligocene Hemicerithium adultum (Grateloup, 1845) (= H. subtrochleare d’Orbigny, 1852) has comparable sculpture but is stockier with lower spire whorls and has weaker spiral sculpture (see Lozouet &amp; Maestrati 2012: figs 181/6–9). The Oligocene Hemicerithium dissitum (Sandberger, 1858) differs in its convex whorls with weaker angulation and the weak axial sculpture (see Lozouet &amp; Maestrati 2012: figs 181/2–5). The Early Miocene Hemicerithium resectum (de Basterot, 1825) (= H. fallax Grateloup, 1832) is a very variable species (Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1922: pl. 5, figs 78–83, 89) and shells described by Cossmann &amp; Peyrot (1922) as variety pernodulosum are superficially reminiscent of Hemicerithium kovacsi sp. nov. The periphery of Hemicerithium resectum, however, is much closer to the abapical suture and it bears more numerous axial ribs on early teleoconch whorls. Among the Paratethyan species, the Middle Miocene Hemicerithium olgae (Boettger, 1902) also has axial ribs that form blunt nodes, but these nodes are placed at the abapical suture, and the species differs in its faintly angled base. The Middle Miocene Hemicerithium banaticum (Boettger, 1902) lacks an angulated periphery and Hemicerithium evae (Boettger, 1902) lacks prominent axial ribs.</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The assemblage from Esztergom-Szentgyörgymező contains molluscs from various shallow marine environments (Kovács &amp; Vicián 2016).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Egerian of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys Sea. Egerian (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene): Esztergom Basin: Esztergom-Szentgyörgymező (Hungary) (Kovács &amp; Vicián 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35BADC95FF5485F3F5C6F83E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35BCDC97FF548083F563FF30.text	211887DE35BCDC97FF548083F563FF30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicerithium olgae (Boettger 1902)	<div><p>Hemicerithium olgae (Boettger, 1902)</p><p>Figs 68A–C</p><p>* Cerithium (Conocerithium) olgae n. sp. — Boettger 1902: 117.</p><p>Cerithium (Conocerithium) olgae Boettger— Zilch 1934: 221, pl. 8, fig. 31.</p><p>non Conocerithium (Conocerithium) olgae (Boettger, 1901) — Atanacković 1985: 109, pl. 26, figs 8–9 [= Hemicerithium evae</p><p>(Boettger, 1902)].</p><p>Type material. Holotype XII 2425 a, SL: 9.9 mm, MD: 4.2 mm, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt am Main (Germany), designated by Zilch (1934: 221, pl. 8, fig. 31), Figs 68A 1 –A 2. Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Middle Miocene, early/middle Badenian.</p><p>Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0027/0005, SL: 3.8 mm, MD: 1.9 mm, Baden (Austria), Figs 68B 1 –B 2. NHMW 2023/0043/0006, SL: 4.3 mm, MD: 2.2 mm, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), Fig. 68C.</p><p>Additional material. 2 spec., NHMW 2023 /0027/0006, Baden (Austria); 63 spec., NHMW 2023 /0043/0007, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) .</p><p>Revised description. Small, pagodiform shell of up to nine conical whorls, attaining ~ 4–10 mm in height; apical angle ~35°. Protoconch unknown. Early teleoconch whorls weakly convex with widely spaced, drop-shaped axial riblets, angulated at periphery placed close above abapical suture. Later teleoconch whorls with very broad, concave sutural ramp and prominent rounded angulation placed just above abapical suture. Angulation coinciding with prominent tubercles, separated by interspaces of about equal width (7–8 tubercles on last whorl). Spiral sculpture of faint spiral threads. Suture superficial. Last whorl with rounded angulation placed below mid-whorl, attaining ~45% of total height. Base conical, strongly constricted, not delimited by cord. Spiral threads slightly more prominent on base. Aperture moderately wide, ovate. Columella almost straight. Columellar callus forming narrow rim, poorly delimited. Siphonal fasciole weak, indistinct. Anal canal indistinct. Outer lip not preserved. Siphonal canal incised, short, slightly bent to the left.</p><p>Discussion. Hemicerithium olgae (Boettger, 1902) is characterized by its pagodiform outline and differs clearly from its congeners H. banaticum (Boettger, 1902) and H. evae (Boettger, 1902), which have broader shells and more convex whorls. Hemicerithium kovacsi sp. nov. differs in its less pagodiform outline and the prominent spiral sculpture. Hemicerithium pagodum Hoerle, 1972, from the Burdigalian of the Chipola Formation in Florida (USA), has a similar outline but differs in its even more slender shell, the somewhat pointed tubercles and the presence of a peribasal cord (see Hoerle 1972: pl. 2, fig. 5).</p><p>Paleoenvironment. The occurrences in the Baden Formation (Baden) suggest middle to outer neritic environments with up to 210 m water depth (Kranner et al. 2021).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the Badenian (Langhian) of the Central Paratethys Sea.</p><p>Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden (Austria) (hoc opus); Făget Basin: Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) (Zilch 1934).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35BCDC97FF548083F563FF30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35BFDC97FF548187F25CF84C.text	211887DE35BFDC97FF548187F25CF84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tectus hungaricus (Csepreghy-Meznerics 1952)	<div><p>Tectus hungaricus (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1952)</p><p>Figs 69A 1 –A 2</p><p>* Trochocerithium hungaricum n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1952: 227, pl. 14, figs 1–2, 5, 7, 8, 11.</p><p>Trochocerithium hungaricum Csepreghy-Meznerics — Strausz 1962: 48, pl. 10, figs 5, 8, text fig. 61.</p><p>Trochocerithium hungaricum Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1952 — Strausz 1966: 140, pl. 10, figs 5, 8, text fig. 64.</p><p>Trochocerithium hungaricum Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1952 — Pálfy et al. 2008: 110.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, M.61.4300, SL: 16 mm, MD: 12 mm, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hungary), Szob (Hungary), Middle Miocene, Badenian, illustrated in Csepreghy-Meznerics (1952: 227, pl. 14, figs 1–2, 5, 7, 8, 11).</p><p>Discussion. Csepreghy-Meznerics (1952) placed this species in Trochocerithium Sacco, 1896 (type species Trochus turritus Bellardi &amp; Michelotti, 1840, original designation by Sacco 1896: 90, Early Miocene, Italy). The holotype of ‘ Trochocerithium ’ hungaricum Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1952 is a small, conical shell with relatively low whorls, with a marked swelling along the basal angulation with prominent and wide spaced tubercles, causing a strongly undulating suture. In addition, the slightly concave whorls bear blunt, opisthocline axial ribs. The aperture is subquadratic and the columella has a weak fold. These features place this species in the trochid genus Tectus Montfort, 1810 . Especially, the extant Tectus dentatus (Forsskål, 1775) and Tectus fenestratus (Gmelin, 1791) are strikingly similar. Trochocerithium turritum has a linear suture, lacks axial sculpture and bears small beads on the spiral cord at the abapical suture (see https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/j05297).</p><p>Houbrick (1990: 238) treated Trochocerithium as junior synonym of Plesiotrochus but we prefer to consider it as distinct genus, based on the large size, the trochiform outline and the flat base of Trochocerithium turritum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35BFDC97FF548187F25CF84C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35BEDC89FF548394F23DFF1C.text	211887DE35BEDC89FF548394F23DFF1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Theodisca cicur (Zhizhchenko 1934)	<div><p>Theodiscella cicur (Zhizhchenko, 1934)</p><p>Figs 70A–C</p><p>Theodisca cicur (Zhizhchenko, 1934) — Harzhauser et al. 2023a: 88, figs 13A–K [cum. syn.].</p><p>Type material. Neotype designated herein, TSNIGR 154 /11330 (former number in Karpinsky Geological Museum: 42167), SL: 10.5 mm, MD: 5.3 mm, illustrated also in Zizhchenko (1936: pl. 21, fig. 5), Cape Tarkhan (Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene, Figs 70C 1 –C 2.</p><p>Illustrated material. TSNIGR 152/11330 (42168), SL: 10.7 mm, MD: 4.5 mm, illustrated also in Zhizhchenko (1936: pl. 21, fig. 1), Figs 70A 1 –A 2. TSNIGR 153/11330 (42169), SL: 9.2 mm, MD: 5.3 mm, illustrated also in Zhizhchenko (1936: pl. 21, fig. 3), Figs 70B 1 –B 2. Cape Tarkhan (Crimea), early Chokrakian, Middle Miocene.</p><p>Discussion. Some problems were recognized by us with the identification of the type material and its locality. The species was initially described by Zhizhchenko (1934, 65, pl. 9, figs 18–19), in which the author provided illustrations of two shells from Bryk Mountain (Stavropol Krai). He listed the rivers Roshnya and Elistanzhi (= Alistanzhi) in Chechnya as localities in the main text. These shells were re-illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 21, figs 2, 4), together with three newly illustrated shells, stated to originate from Cape Tarkhan. Zhizhchenko (1936) proposed specimen number 42167 as holotype giving Bryk Mountain as locality. At that time, the specimens were stored in the Karpinsky Geological Museum of Institute of Geological Science (Leningrad). Today this museum no longer exists, and its collections were transferred to the Chernyshev Central Geological Research Museum (TSNIR) in Saint-Petersburg, where the specimens received new numbers, whilst preserving the original Karpinsky Geological Museum collection numbers. We received photographs of specimens figured in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 21, figs 1, 3, 5) from the TSNIGR Museum, including their labels, but the photographs did not match information given by Zhizhchenko (1936). After publication in Harzhauser et al. (2023), A.G. restudied the material in the TSNIGR Museum directly and prepared new photographs of the type material. It is now clear that specimens and labels were mixed up. The ‘holotype’ in Zhizhchenko (1936, pl. 21. fig. 5) was renumbered as TSNIGR 154/11330. The localities given on the labels do not match Zhizhchenko’s papers: for example, label of 152/1130 points to Bryk Mountain, whereas the plate caption states Cape Tarkhan as locality, and the label of 154/11330, states Cape Tarkhan as locality, whereas Bryk Mountain is indicated by Zhizhchenko (1934, p. 202). We can confirm that preservation and morphology of the discussed specimens agree with occurrences from Cape Tarkhan. It is likely all shells illustrated by Zhizhchenko (1936) derive from Cape Tarkhan as they all show the same type of preservation. The specimens illustrated in Zhizhchenko (1934), were probably stored in the Trust Grozneft and were lost during the Chechen wars. Consequently, no syntypes can be reliably identified. The designation of a holotype in Zhizhchenko (1936) is incorrect, as holotypes cannot be designated subsequently. Moreover, this specimen does not belong to the original syntypes of Zhizhchenko (1934). As the type series seems to be lost, we designate a neotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35BEDC89FF548394F23DFF1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35BEDC96FF548083F407FDC7.text	211887DE35BEDC96FF548083F407FDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trochocerithium turritum	<div><p>Trochocerithium turritum auctores [non Bellardi &amp; Michelotti, 1840]</p><p>Trochocerithium turritum Bonelli [sic]— Kecskeméti-Körmendy 1962: 89, pl. 10, fig. 9 [non Bellardi &amp; Michelotti, 1840]. Trochocerithium turritum Bonelli [sic]— Kókay 1966: 46, pl. 4, fig. 21 [non Bellardi &amp; Michelotti, 1840].</p><p>Discussion. The specimens illustrated as Trochocerithium turritum (Bellardi &amp; Michelotti, 1840) by Kecskeméti-Körmendy (1962) and Kókay (1966) from the Badenian of Várpalota and Herend-Márkó (Hungary) are unidentifiable spire fragments and certainly not a Trochocerithium .</p><p>Additions and corrections to Harzhauser et al. (2023a)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35BEDC96FF548083F407FDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A1DC88FF54874EF4AEFBBC.text	211887DE35A1DC88FF54874EF4AEFBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pustulosia gubkini (Ossipov 1932)	<div><p>Pustulosia gubkini (Ossipov, 1932)</p><p>Figs 70D–E</p><p>Cerithium aff. procrenatum Sacco — Sokolov 1899: 36, 79, pl. 4, figs 20 – 22.</p><p>* Cerithium gubkini n. sp. — Ossipov 1932: 67, pl. 4, figs 14–15.</p><p>Cerithium aff. procrenatum Sacco — Paramonova 1967: 106, pl. 1, fig. 25.</p><p>Potamides gubkini (Ossipov, 1932) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 158.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype selected herein: TSNIGR 458 /302, SL: 15.7 mm, MD: 5.9 mm, illustrated also in Sokolov (1899: pl. 4, figs 20–21), Fig. 70D . Paralectotype: TSNIGR 459 /302, SL: 11.7 mm, MD: 5.4 mm, specimen illustrated in Sokolov (1899: pl. 4, fig. 22), Fig. 70E. Konka River near Yul’ivka (Ukraine), late Konkian, Middle Miocene .</p><p>Revised description. Medium sized, moderately slender shell; apical angle~25°.Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Spire whorls straight sided, with periphery below mid-whorl, coinciding with abapical nodose spiral cord. Suture weakly incised. Spiral sculpture of two primary cords at adapical suture and below mid-whorl, bearing close-set rounded beads. Third, narrower weakly beaded cord at abapical suture. Up to one weaker, smooth secondary cord between primary cords. Middle primary cord slightly more prominent, occasionally splitting on last whorl resulting in trifid beads. No distinct axial sculpture, although beads may be vaguely axially interconnected, following slightly prosocline growth lines. Base convex, moderately constricted, with three prominent spiral cords with weaker cord intercalated in interspaces. Aperture broken. Columella strongly excavated. Columellar callus partially preserved, forming rim.</p><p>Discussion. This species was not listed by Harzhauser et al. (2023a) as it was included in Cerithiidae by most authors. The available material is abraded and the sculpture poorly preserved. Sokolov (1899) and Ossipov (1932) discussed a relation to the Badenian specimens, described herein as Thericium poetzleinsdorfense (Sacco, 1895), but the species is not a Cerithiidae . It might be a late Badenian offshoot of the widespread Paratethyan Pustulosia submitralis (Eichwald, 1851), from which it differs in its smaller size, smaller beads and somewhat blurred sculpture. More material would be needed to decide if it is a subjective junior synonym of that species. This species is only known from the type locality. Zhgenti (1958: 83, pl. 9, fig. 17) described ‘ Cerithium gubkini ’ from several localities in Georgia, but the illustrated specimen is so poorly preserved that it is undeterminable. It might represent another Batillariidae .</p><p>Paleoenvironment. Found in shelly sands, shallow marine, inner neritic (own data A. G.).</p><p>Distribution. Late Konkian of the Eastern Paratethys.</p><p>Eastern Paratethys. Late Konkian (Middle Miocene): Black Sea Lowland: Konka River near Yul’ivka (Zaporizhzhia Region, Ukraine) (Sokolov 1899; Paramonova 1967).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A1DC88FF54874EF4AEFBBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A0DC88FF5484D3F632F91D.text	211887DE35A0DC88FF5484D3F632F91D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lampanella volhynica (Friedberg 1914)	<div><p>Lampanella volhynica (Friedberg, 1914)</p><p>Figs 71A–D</p><p>Lampanella volhynica (Friedberg, 1914) — Harzhauser et al. 2023a: 126, figs 24A 1 –A 2 (cum syn.).</p><p>Illustrated material. PIN 2984 /14, SL: 12.2 mm, MD: 4.5 mm, specimen illustrated in Plǎmǎdealǎ (1970: pl. 3, fig. 25), Gura Căinarului (Moldova), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 71A 1 –A 3 . PIN 5904 /80, SL: 10.2 mm, MD: 4.6 mm, Bursuc (Moldova), Middle Miocene, latest Badenian, Figs 71B 1 –B 3 . SPSU 3 /554, SL: 12 mm, MD: 5.1 mm, Volhynia (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 71C 1 –C 3 . PIN 2984 /82, SL: 13.7 mm, MD: 5.7 mm, specimen illustrated in Plǎmǎdealǎ (1970: pl. 3, fig. 21), Kuncha (Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Sarmatian (Volhynian), Figs 71D 1 –D 3 .</p><p>Discussion. This species was discussed by Harzhauser et al. (2023a), who had no material at hand. Here we provide pictures of additional specimens. Lampanella volhynica (Friedberg, 1914) was known so far only from Sarmatian strata, but new findings from Bursuc (Moldova) document that it originated already during the latest Badenian.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A0DC88FF5484D3F632F91D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A0DC8BFF548732F7EDFF30.text	211887DE35A0DC8BFF548732F7EDFF30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot 1825)	<div><p>Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>Discussion. Harzhauser et al. (2023a) provided incorrect information on the type material of Cerithium nympha Eichwald, 1851, which was included in the synonymy of Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825) . The paragraph ‘Illustrated material ‘should read: Fig. 30A. Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825), ZI RAS 62414, Kuncha (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Badenian or Sarmatian, paralectotype of Cerithium nympha Eichwald, 1851 (subadult shell). Fig. 30B. Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825), ZI RAS 62413, Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine), Middle Miocene, Badenian or Sarmatian, lectotype of Cerithium nympha Eichwald, 1851 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A0DC8BFF548732F7EDFF30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A3DC8BFF5486B5F5C1F832.text	211887DE35A3DC8BFF5486B5F5C1F832.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium Zeuschneri - Quenstedt 1884	<div><p>abbreviata. Cerithium ( Clava). Schaffer, 1912 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguière, 1792)</p><p>acriculus. Cerithium . Zhizhchenko, 1934 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella cicur (Zhizhchenko, 1934)</p><p>aktschagylicum. Cerithium . Ali-Zade, 1967 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>andrzejowskii. Cerithium . Friedberg, 1914 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia duboisi (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>athanasiui. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A3DC8BFF5486B5F5C1F832	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A2DC8FFF548083F417F814.text	211887DE35A2DC8FFF548083F417F814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium Zeuschneri - Quenstedt 1884	<div><p>attritum. Cerithium . Boettger, 1907 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella obliquistoma (Seguenza, 1880)</p><p>baccatum. Cerithium . auctores [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>bavaricum. Cerithium . Gümbel in Wolff, 1897 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguière, 1792)</p><p>bellum. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Petrova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>bicinctum. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1852 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>bicostata. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1851 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>bijugum. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1852 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>biquadratum. Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella theodisca (Rolle, 1856)</p><p>bizonata. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1851 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>brenneri. Cerithium . Handmann, 1883b [nomen dubium] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides fraterculus (Mayer, 1878)</p><p>carum. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Petrova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>cicur . Cerithium . Zhizhchenko, 1934 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella cicur (Zhizhchenko, 1934)</p><p>comroicus. Potamides . Ali-Zade, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>conica. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>connexum. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1851 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>constantiae. Cerithium . Ştefănescu, 1897 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides taitboutii (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>convexum. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1853 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>cordatum. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae] see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>coronatum. Cerithium . auctores [non Bruguière, 1792] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>costulata. Cerithium . Handmann, 1883a. [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Pustulosia submitralis (Eichwald, 1851)</p><p>danatense. Cerithium . Ali-Zade, 1967 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>danubicum. Cerithium . Ondrejičková &amp; Seneš, 1965 [= Pseudomelaniidae]</p><p>= Bayania danubica (Ondrejičková &amp; Seneš, 1965)</p><p>dionysii. Cerithium . Hilber, 1882 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiarapirenella tabulata (Hörnes, 1856)</p><p>disjunctoides. Cerithium . Sinzow, 1896 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides taitboutii (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>disjunctum. Cerithium . Sowerby, 1832 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>dobrogense. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>duboisi . Cerithium . Hörnes, 1855 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia duboisi (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>dubiosum. Bittium . Friedberg, 1914</p><p>see Theodiscella biseriata (Friedberg, 1914)</p><p>ebersini. Cerithium . Ali-Zade, 1967 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>eichwaldi. Cerithium . Hilber, 1882 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Pustulosia submitralis (Eichwald, 1851)</p><p>elongatum. Cerithium . Handmann, 1883b [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>feldbachensis. Cerithium . Stiny, 1925 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>florianum. Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>fraterculus . Cerithium . Mayer, 1878 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides fraterculus (Mayer, 1878)</p><p>friedbergi. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>fusiformis. Cerithium ( Clava). Schaffer, 1912 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia lignitarum (Eichwald, 1830)</p><p>gamlitzensis, Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella theodisca (Rolle, 1856)</p><p>gubkini Cerithium Ossipov, 1932 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Pustulosia gubkini (Ossipov, 1932)</p><p>heptastichus. Cerithium . Quenstedt, 1884 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>hexastichus. Cerithium . Quenstedt, 1884 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>hoellesense. Cerithium . Handmann, 1883b [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Potamides fraterculus (Mayer, 1878)</p><p>holleri. Clava . Hoernes, 1901 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia lignitarum (Eichwald, 1830)</p><p>hornense. Cerithium (Granulolabium) . Schaffer, 1912 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Pustulosia hornensis (Schaffer, 1912)</p><p>inaequinodosum. Cerithium (Granulolabium) . Schaffer, 1912 [= Batillariidae] see Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguière, 1792)</p><p>interpolis. Cerithium . Handmann, 1883a [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>istritzense. Cerithium . Teisseyre, 1909 [nomen nudum] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides taitboutii (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>jagorlicus. Potamides . Barg, 1966 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides taitboutii (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>jumudicum. Cerithium . Ali-Zade, 1967 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>kambai. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae] see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>kerchense. Cerithium (Thericium) . Badzoshvili, 1967 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella maeotica (Karlov, 1932)</p><p>kolesnikowi. Potamides . Ali-Zade, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>kovalevskii. Cerithium . Ali-Zade, 1967 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>kuraense. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae] see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>laevigatum. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1830 [non de Serres, 1827] [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>lignitarum . Cerithium . Eichwald, 1830 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia lignitarum (Eichwald, 1830)</p><p>lineata. Cerithium . Handmann 1883b [non Lamarck, 1822] [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>lineolatum. Cerithium . S owerby, 1832 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>macoveii. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia menestrieri (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>maeoticum. Cerithium . Ossaulenko, 1936 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella maeotica (Karlov, 1932)</p><p>melanieforme. Cerithium . Karlov, 1932 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella maeotica (Karlov, 1932)</p><p>menestrieri . Cerithium . d’Orbigny, 1844 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia menestrieri (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>mitrale. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1830 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>mitreolum. Cerithium . Eichwald, 1851 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>modicum. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>moldensis. Cerithium (Granulolabium) . Schaffer, 1912 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguière, 1792)</p><p>moravicum . Cerithium . Hörnes, 1855 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Granulolabium moravicum (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>naphtalanicum. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae] see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>nassoides. Cerithium . auctores [non von Koenen, 1891] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides sp.</p><p>nefaris. Cerithium . Kolesnikov, 1934 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides taitboutii (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>nodosa. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [non Tuomey 1856] [= Batillariidae] see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>nodosoplicatum. Cerithium . Hörnes, 1855 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Pustulosia submitralis (Eichwald, 1851)</p><p>nodosostriatum. Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [non Peters 1855] [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiarapirenella tabulata (Hörnes, 1856)</p><p>noricum. Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella theodisca (Rolle, 1856)</p><p>novorossicum. Cerithium . Sinzow, 1897 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides taitboutii (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>nympha . Cerithium . Eichwald, 1851 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>nymphoides. Cerithium . Kolesnikov, 1934 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella biseriata (Friedberg, 1914)</p><p>obliteratum. Cerithium . auctores [non von Koenen, 1891] [= Pseudomelaniidae]</p><p>= Bayania danubica (Ondrejičková &amp; Seneš, 1965)</p><p>orheiense. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>palatinum . Cerithium (Vulgocerithium) . Kókay, 1954 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella volhynica (Friedberg, 1914)</p><p>pauli . Cerithium . Hoernes, 1875 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia menestrieri (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>penetrabile. Cerithium . Kolesnikov, 1934 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia menestrieri (d’Orbigny, 1844)</p><p>pentasticus. Cerithium . Quenstedt, 1884 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>perrugata. Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia subcorrugata (d’Orbigny, 1852)</p><p>peyroti. Cerithium . auctores [non Dollfus, 1909]</p><p>the specimen illustrated by Katona et al. (2011: 8, pl. 1, fig. 3) from the Badenian of Várpalota (Hungary) is Lampanella obliquistoma (Seguenza, 1880) .</p><p>plachostichum. Cerithium . Gümbel, 1861 [= Thiaridae]</p><p>placed in Thiaridae by Esu &amp; Girotti (2010: 152)</p><p>pseudobliquistoma. Pithocerithium . Szalai, 1926 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella obliquistoma (Seguenza, 1880)</p><p>pulchellum . Cerithium . Sowerby, 1832 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>pupaeforme. Cerithium . auctores [non de Basterot, 1825]</p><p>probably Potamididae pyramidale. Cerithium . Ondrejičková &amp; Seneš, 1965 [= Pseudomelaniidae]</p><p>= Bayania danubica (Ondrejičková &amp; Seneš, 1965)</p><p>pyramidella. Cerithium . Handmann, 1883b [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides fraterculus (Mayer, 1878)</p><p>quadricincta. Cerithium (Tympanotomus) . Schaffer, 1912 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>quinquecinctum. Cerithium (Ptychopotamides) . Schaffer, 1912 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Terebralia duboisi (Hörnes, 1855)</p><p>quinquenodosa. Cerithium (Granulolabium) . Schaffer, 1912 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguière, 1792)</p><p>raducanensis. Cerithium . Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>rarinodosum. Cerithium . auctores [non von Koenen, 1891] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides sp.</p><p>rectum. Cerithium Ali-Zade &amp; Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [non Vinassa de Regny, 1898] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>resectum . Cerithium . auctores [non Deshayes 1834] [= Thiaridae]</p><p>identified as Melanoides winkleri (Mayer, 1861) by Esu &amp; Girotti (2010: 152).</p><p>rollei. Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella theodisca (Rolle, 1856)</p><p>sandbergeri. Cerithium . Gümbel, 1861 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguière, 1792)</p><p>sandori. Bittium . Jekelius, 1944 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>striatulum. Cerithium . Karlov, 1932 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella maeotica (Karlov, 1932)</p><p>sturi. Cerithium . Hilber, 1879 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiarapirenella tabulata (Hörnes, 1856)</p><p>subpupaeformis. Cerithium (Thericium) . Kókay in Katona et al. 2011 [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Lampanella obliquistoma (Seguenza, 1880)</p><p>szenthesiense. Cerithium . Halaváts, 1888 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1832)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A2DC8FFF548083F417F814	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A6DC8EFF548083F41AFCDC.text	211887DE35A6DC8EFF548083F41AFCDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium	<div><p>tenuicosta. Cerithium . auctores [non von Koenen, 1891] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides sp.</p><p>thiara. Cerithium . auctores [non Bruguière, 1792] [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>tichomirovi. Cerithium . Ali-Zade &amp; Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides caspius Andrussow, 1902</p><p>truncatum. Cerithium . Baily, 1858 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Theodiscella cicur (Zhizhchenko, 1934)</p><p>turrilitiforme. Cerithium ( Sandbergeria ?). Simionescu &amp; Barbu, 1940 [= Potamididae] see Potamides disjunctus (Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>turritella . Cerithium . Sowerby, 1832 [= Potamididae]</p><p>see Potamides disjunctus (Sowerby, 1832)</p><p>varicosum . Cerithium . Handmann 1883a [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Tiaracerithium pictum (de Basterot, 1825)</p><p>vitense. Cerithium . Handmann, 1883a [= Batillariidae]</p><p>see Pustulosia submitralis (Eichwald, 1851)</p><p>winkleri . Cerithium . Mayer, 1861 [= Thiaridae]</p><p>placed in Thiaridae by Esu &amp; Girotti (2010: 152).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A6DC8EFF548083F41AFCDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A6DC8EFF548372F6A5FBB4.text	211887DE35A6DC8EFF548372F6A5FBB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium bispinosum	<div><p>Dubious or misplaced species bispinosum . Cerithium . Pusch, 1837</p><p>* Cerithium bispinosum m.— Pusch 1837: 148, pl. 12, fig. 12.</p><p>Discussion. The identity of this species is unclear. The illustration shows a conical shell with deep suture and two rows of spiny tubercles.</p><p>Central Paratethys: Badenian: Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) (Pusch 1837).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A6DC8EFF548372F6A5FBB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A6DC8EFF5484BEF201FA9C.text	211887DE35A6DC8EFF5484BEF201FA9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium calculosum de Basterot 1825	<div><p>calculosum . Cerithium . Andrzejowski, 1835 [nomen nudum]</p><p>[ Cerithium] calculosum nov. spec. —Andrzejowski in Deshayes 1835: 322. [non de Basterot, 1825]</p><p>Discussion: The species listed by Deshayes (1835) was based on label of Andrzejowski without description or illustration. Maybe Andrzejowski initially referred to the Oligocene to early Miocene Chondrocerithium calculosum (de Basterot, 1825) . Age and exact location are unclear. Late Badenian or Bessarabian: Podolia (Ukraine).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A6DC8EFF5484BEF201FA9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A6DC8EFF548596F5BAF9C0.text	211887DE35A6DC8EFF548596F5BAF9C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium combustum Defrance - Andrzejowski 1832	<div><p>combustum . Cerithium . auctores [non de Basterot, 1825]</p><p>Cerithium combustum Defrance— Andrzejowski 1832: 562 [non de Basterot, 1825].</p><p>Discussion. Mentioned by Andrzejowski (1832) from the Badenian or Sarmatian of Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) without description or illustration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A6DC8EFF548596F5BAF9C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A6DC8EFF548623F5BAF928.text	211887DE35A6DC8EFF548623F5BAF928.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium companicum Bast. - Andrzejowski 1832	<div><p>companicum . Cerithium . Andrzejowski 1832 [nomen nudum]</p><p>Cerithium companicum Bast.— Andrzejowski 1832: 562 [nomen nudum]</p><p>[ Cerithium] Campanicum [sic]—Deshayes 1836: 240.</p><p>Discussion. Mentioned by Andrzejowski (1832) from the Badenian or Sarmatian of Zhukivtsi (Ternopil Region, Ukraine) without description or illustration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A6DC8EFF548623F5BAF928	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A6DC8EFF54871AF573F870.text	211887DE35A6DC8EFF54871AF573F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium dubium Sow. - Andrzejowski 1832	<div><p>dubium . Cerithium . auctores [non Sowerby, 1818]</p><p>Cerithium dubium Sow.— Andrzejowski 1832: 562 [non Sowerby, 1818]</p><p>Discussion. Mentioned by Andrzejowski (1832) from the Badenian or Sarmatian of Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) without description or illustration. Andrzejowski (1832) referred to a species described by Sowerby (1818) from the Eocene of Stubbington (UK).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A6DC8EFF54871AF573F870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A9DC81FF548082F5BAFE88.text	211887DE35A9DC81FF548082F5BAFE88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium duplicatospinosum	<div><p>duplicatospinosum . Cerithium . Andrzejowski 1832 [nomen nudum]</p><p>Cerithium duplicatospinosum — Andrzejowski 1832: 562 [nomen nudum].</p><p>C [erithium]. duplicato-spinosum — Pusch 1836: 528 [nomen nudum].</p><p>Discussion. Mentioned by Andrzejowski (1832) from the Badenian or Sarmatian of Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) without description or illustration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A9DC81FF548082F5BAFE88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A9DC81FF54817BF624FCF0.text	211887DE35A9DC81FF54817BF624FCF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium giganteum Lam. - Pusch 1837	<div><p>giganteum . Cerithium . Andrzejowski, 1833 [non Lamarck, 1804]</p><p>= Campanile giganteum (Lamarck, 1804)</p><p>* Cerithium giganteum — Andrzejowski, 1833: 442, pl. 13, fig. 6.</p><p>Cerithium giganteum Lam.— Pusch 1837: 149 .</p><p>Cerith [ium]. giganteum Lam. var.— Eichwald 1853: 145.</p><p>Discussion. Andrzejowski (1833) indicated that this species was described by him (“ nobis ”), although the name Cerithium giganteum was already established for the very same species by Lamarck (1804: 439). Thus, Cerithium giganteum Andrzejowski, 1833 is a primary homonym and a subjective synonym of Cerithium giganteum Lamarck, 1804 . In contrast to the statements by Andrzejowski (1833), Pusch (1837) and Eichwald (1853), the single available specimen was surely not found in Miocene strata of Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) but was obviously derived from the Eocene of the Paris Basin. Such misplacements were not unusual at that time as documented by the description of a recent Tridacna from the Miocene of the Carpathian Foredeep by Pusch (1837) (see Harzhauser et al. 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A9DC81FF54817BF624FCF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A9DC81FF548373F358FB90.text	211887DE35A9DC81FF548373F358FB90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium interruptum Lam. - Pusch 1836	<div><p>interruptum . Cerithium . auctores [non Lamarck, 1804]</p><p>C [erithium]. interruptum Lam.— Pusch 1836: 526 .</p><p>Discussion. Cerithium interruptum Lamarck, 1804 was described from the Eocene of France (syntype MNHN.F.A 27619, stored in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France) and is currently placed in Varicipotamides Pacaud &amp; Harzhauser in Harzhauser, Hoşgör &amp; Pacaud, 2013 (Harzhauser et al. 2013a). It is unclear which material Pusch (1836) had studied.</p><p>Central Paratethys: mentioned by Pusch from Podolia (Ukraine) with question mark.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A9DC81FF548373F358FB90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A9DC81FF54852EF5BAFA08.text	211887DE35A9DC81FF54852EF5BAFA08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium turbinatum Brocch. - Andrzejowski 1832	<div><p>turbinatum . Cerithium . auctores [non Brocchi, 1814]</p><p>Cerithium turbinatum Brocch.— Andrzejowski 1832: 562 .</p><p>Discussion. Mentioned by Andrzejowski (1832) from the Badenian or Sarmatian of Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) without description or illustration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A9DC81FF54852EF5BAFA08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A9DC81FF5485FAF6C7F884.text	211887DE35A9DC81FF5485FAF6C7F884.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium undosum Brongn. - Pusch 1936	<div><p>undosum . Cerithium . auctores [non Brongniart, 1823]</p><p>C [erithium]. undosum Brongn.—Pusch 1936: 527 [non Brongniart, 1823].</p><p>Cerithium undosum Brongn.—Pusch 1937: 149 [non Brongniart, 1823].</p><p>Cerithium undosum Brong.— Andrzejowski 1832: 562 [non Brongniart, 1823].</p><p>Discussion: It is very unlikely that the specimen from the Ukrainian Miocene is conspecific with Cerithium undosum [= Jponsia undosa (Brongniart, 1823)], which is a Pachychilidae from the Eocene of France (Pacaud &amp; Harzhauser 2012). Pusch (1837) might have had Ptychocerithium bronnii (Naumann, 1852) at hand. The species was also mentioned by Andrzejowski (1832) from the Badenian or Sarmatian of Varivtsi (Ukraine) without description or illustration. Badenian or Sarmatian (Middle Miocene): Polish-Ukrainian Foredeep: Varivtsi (Khmel’nytskyi Region, Ukraine) (Pusch 1837).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A9DC81FF5485FAF6C7F884	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A9DC80FF54876FF3F0FF1C.text	211887DE35A9DC80FF54876FF3F0FF1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium varicosum Br. - Pusch 1836	<div><p>varicosum . Cerithium . auctores [non Brocchi, 1814]</p><p>C [erithium]. varicosum Br.— Pusch 1836: 527 [non Brocchi, 1814].</p><p>Cerithium varicosum Brocchi— Pusch 1837: 148 [non Brocchi, 1814]. Discussion. Pusch (1836, 1837) seems to have referred to a large Thericium species, such as Thericium minutum (Naumann, 1852) . Mentioned by Pusch (1836) vaguely from “Podolia and Volhynia ” (Ukraine).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A9DC80FF54876FF3F0FF1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
211887DE35A9DC81FF548492F3E7FAC4.text	211887DE35A9DC81FF548492F3E7FAC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Granulolabium plicatum (Bruguiere 1792)	<div><p>plicatum . Cerithium . Andrzejowski, 1835 [nomen nudum]</p><p>Cerithium plicatum Spec. nov. —Andrzejowski in Deshayes 1835: 322. [non Bruguière, 1792; non Fleming, 1828] Central Paratethys: The species listed by Deshayes (1835) based on label of Andrzejowski without description or illustration. Age and exact location are unclear. Late Badenian or Bessarabian: Podolia (Ukraine).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211887DE35A9DC81FF548492F3E7FAC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Harzhauser, Mathias;Guzhov, Aleksandr;Landau, Bernard	Harzhauser, Mathias, Guzhov, Aleksandr, Landau, Bernard (2025): A revision of the Cainozoic Cerithiidae and Plesiotrochidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea (Europe, Asia). Zootaxa 5625 (1): 1-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5625.1.1
