identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
24489401D86FFFA98FAAFD13FE84B1D5.text	24489401D86FFFA98FAAFD13FE84B1D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypseloecus Reuter 1891	<div><p>Hypseloecus Reuter, 1891</p><p>Diagnosis: This unique genus is readily separated from other pilophorines by the following distinctive characters: body rounded or ovoid, tortoise-shaped, stout (Fig. 1A, C, F), with densely distributed, silvery, lanceolate, scale-like setae (which are very easily rubbed off, cf. Fig. 1E vs. 1F); basic coloration variable, usually brown, reddish brown or fuscous (exceptionally yellowish or pale olive as in H. articulates Yeshwanth, 2014 from India and H. fukutomii sp. nov., Fig. 2A); head short and wide, wider than high in frontal view (Figs. 1B, 6D, H–I); dorsal surface usually with dark, simple setae mixed with silvery scale-like setae (Fig. 6A–B); antenna generally linear and long, with segment II not thickened towards apex; mesepimeron and episternum each with a fuscous ocellate spot (Fig. 1C, F) which are composed of dense microstructure or villi (anterior and posterior pleural glands, sensu Yasunaga &amp; Duwal 2019, cf. Fig. 6B, E, N, P); hemelytra strongly declivous at cuneal fracture (Fig. 1C, F); vesica typical pilophorine in form, with one or two median processes (Fig. 3D, H); sclerotized rings thick-rimmed, usually with toughened anterior margin (Fig. 4B, F); vestibular sclerite well-developed (Fig. 4C). Further diagnostic characters and morphology were discussed by Schuh &amp; Menard (2011), Yasunaga et al. (2015) and Yasunaga &amp; Duwal (2019).</p><p>Discussion. Although many members of Pilophorini are considered zoophytophagous (Yasunaga et al. 2021; Noguchi et al. 2023), most (or possibly all) of Hypseloecus congeners preferably inhabit and feed on the hemiparasitic Loranthaceae and Santalaceae mistletoes (Schuh &amp; Menard 2011; Yeshwanth 2014; Yasunaga et al. 2015; Yasunaga &amp; Duwal 2019). In Japan, Hypseloecus nakagawai Yasunaga &amp; Duwal, 2019 (Fig. 2F–G) is known to be associated only with Viscum album L. ( Santalaceae), whereas the two new species described below were found from Taxillus hosts ( Loranthaceae, Fig. 1D). The breeding host of H. takahashii Yasunaga, 2001 (Fig. 1G) is yet to be confirmed.</p><p>Since the mistletoes are zoochorous and the dispersal is depend principally on frugivorous birds, the plant communities are usually scattered on restricted tree canopies. Yasunaga &amp; Duwal (2019) hypothesized that Hypseloecus species may utilize certain chemical signals for intraspecific communication (such as an aggregation pheromone). The unique structures, anterior and posterior pleural glands, possessed by Hypseloecus members are presumed to function as the secretion organ of potential pheromones, which requires further biochemical verification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24489401D86FFFA98FAAFD13FE84B1D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide;Duwal, Ram Keshari	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2025): Three new species of the plant bug tribe Pilophorini from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5632 (3): 531-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6
24489401D86AFFAD8FAAF8ABFA38B681.text	24489401D86AFFAD8FAAF8ABFA38B681.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypseloecus Reuter 1891	<div><p>Key to Japanese species of Hypseloecus</p><p>(Revised from Yasunaga et al. 2021)</p><p>1. Dorsum uniformly fuscous or dark brown (Figs. 1G, 2F–G).................................................... 2</p><p>- Dorsum reddish brown (Figs. 1A, C, 2C) or paler (Fig. 2A).................................................... 3</p><p>2. Base and apical 1/4 of antennomere II darkened (Fig. 2F–G); procoxa uniformly creamy white; vesica with a single median process; inhabiting cold temperate zones in mountain areas of Honshu and associated with Viscum album L........................................................................................ H. nakagawai Yasunaga &amp; Duwal</p><p>- Antennomere II with pale basal half and darkened apical half (Fig. 1G); procoxa dark brown; vesica with two median processes (Yasunaga 2001a, fig. 9); thermophilic species inhabiting Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands of Ryukyus (host plant unknown).................................................................................... H. takahashii Yasunaga</p><p>3. Body oval; dorsum almost uniformly brownish olive (Fig. 2A); each tibia with obscure spots that are not forming annulations.......................................................................... H. fukutomii sp. nov.</p><p>- Body rounded, tumid; dorsum reddish brown or reddish chestnut brown (Figs. 1A, 2C); each tibia with dark or reddish brown annulations.......................................................................... H. tamaderai sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24489401D86AFFAD8FAAF8ABFA38B681	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide;Duwal, Ram Keshari	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2025): Three new species of the plant bug tribe Pilophorini from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5632 (3): 531-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6
24489401D868FFAF8FAAFF7EFC6AB629.text	24489401D868FFAF8FAAFF7EFC6AB629.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypseloecus fukutomii Yasunaga & Duwal 2025	<div><p>Hypseloecus fukutomii sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 2 A−B, 3A−D, 6A−G, 9</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (♂), JAPAN: Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Ishigaki Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.083336/lat 24.433332)">Sakie, Mt. Yarabudake</a>, 24°26'N 124°05'E, on Taxillus nigrans, 2 Dec 2023, H. Fukutomi (NWHS) (AMNH_PBI 00378809).</p><p>Diagnosis. Currently known by a single male holotype specimen. Recognized readily by its ovoid body (Fig. 2A); pale olive-brown dorsum without noticeable dark macula; pale brown basal part of antennomere II; widely whitish brown femora; and obscure spots at bases each tibial spines (Fig. 2B). Based on the similarity in the male genitalia, this new species is most closely related to H. tamaderai sp. nov., from which H. fukutomii sp. nov. can be distinguished by the characters mentioned in the above key, more densely distributed, silvery, lanceolate setae on the thoracic pleura (Fig. 6B), developed sub-lateral protuberance of the left paramere (Fig. 3A), pointed apex of the right paramere (Fig. 3B) and relatively narrower and longer median process of the vesica (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Description. Male: Body oval; basic coloration pale olive brown; dorsum relatively shining, without dark or reddish macula (Fig. 2A). Head pale olive brown; width of head across eyes 1.55 times greater than height. Antenna pale grayish brown; base and apex of segment I, apical 1/5 of II and entire III dark brown (segment IV missing); extreme bases of segments II and III white. Labium shiny chocolate brown, about as long as basal width of pronotum; apex reaching but not exceeding apex of mesocoxa; apical part of segment IV darker. Pronotum relatively shining, almost uniformly pale olive-brown; thoracic pleura shiny chocolate brown, with densely distributed, long, scale-like setae (Fig. 6B); metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, with narrow peritreme (Fig. 6C). Hemelytron relatively shining, almost uniformly pale olive-brown; membrane pale smoky brown, semitransparent, with pale veins and spots. Coxae pale reddish brown, except for creamy yellow procoxa; legs pale grayish brown; each femur lacking noticeable macula or spot; each tibia with obscure, small spots at bases of spines, without dark annulations (or rings); meta-tarsomere III longer than II (Fig. 6G); pretarsal structure as in Fig. 6F. Abdomen shiny chestnut brown. Male genitalia (Fig. 3 A−D): left paramere with developed sub-lateral protuberance (Fig. 3A); hypophysis of right paramere pointed (Fig. 3B); vesical median process relatively long, narrow (Fig. 3D). Female: Unknown.</p><p>Measurements. See Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Mr. Hirokazu Fukutomi, who kindly provided invaluable specimen of this new species; a noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Biology. A single male adult of this new species was collected from Taxillus nigrans (Hayata) Danser, which is considered the breeding host. No other information is currently available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24489401D868FFAF8FAAFF7EFC6AB629	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide;Duwal, Ram Keshari	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2025): Three new species of the plant bug tribe Pilophorini from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5632 (3): 531-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6
24489401D869FFA48FAAF863FB32B629.text	24489401D869FFA48FAAF863FB32B629.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypseloecus tamaderai Yasunaga & Duwal 2025	<div><p>Hypseloecus tamaderai sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 1 A−D, 2C−E, 3E–H, 4, 6H−P, 7, 9</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (♂), JAPAN: Honshu, Kanagawa Prefecture, Odawara City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.15388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.250557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.15388/lat 35.250557)">Shiroyama</a>, 35°15’02”N 139°09’14”E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 4 Nov 2023, Y. Tamadera (NWHS) (AMNH_PBI 00378810) . Paratypes: JAPAN: Honshu, same data as for holotype, 3♂ 2♀ (NWHS); Honshu, Wakayama Pref., Minabe Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.866665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.38333/lat 33.866665)">Higashi-Konogawa</a>, 33°52’N 135°23’E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 7 Oct 2023, Y. Tamadera, 2♂ 2♀ (NWHS) ; Honshu, Mie Pref., Kumano City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.86667/lat 33.85)">Kiwa Township, Kobune</a>, 33°51’N 135°52’E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 4 Nov 2023, H. Fukutomi, 1♂ 2♀ (NWHS) ; Kyushu, Miyazaki Pref., Kunitomi Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.25333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.04" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.25333/lat 32.04)">Hodedake Park</a>, 32°02’24”N 131°15’12”E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 30 Nov 2023, T. Saeki, 2♂ 1♀ (NWHS) ; Miyazaki Pref., Miyazaki City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.41638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.949444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.41638/lat 31.949444)">Shimokitakata, Heiwadai Park</a>, 31°56’58”N 131°24’59”E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 27 Sep 2023, H. Fukutomi, 1♂ (NWHS) ; same locality and plant, 27 Sep 2024, R. Ito, 2♀ (NWHS); Kagoshima Pref., Tanegashima Island, Minamitane Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.95/lat 30.433332)">Hirayama</a>, 30°26’N 130°57’E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 11 Oct 2023, T. Saeki, 1♂ 2♀ (TYCN) ; same data, except for date 15 Apr 2024, 2♂ (TYCN) and 20 Apr 2024, 5♂ 2♀ (CNC, TYCN); Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.56667/lat 30.4)">Miyanourarindo</a>, 30°24’N 130°34’E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 25 Sep 2023, Y. Tamadera, 10♂ 12♀ (AMNH, NWHS) ; Yakushima Island, Miyanoura, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.56473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.409721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.56473/lat 30.409721)">Ushidoko-Moisho</a>, 30°24’35”N 130°33’53”E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 20 Apr 2024, T. Saeki, 1♂ (TYCN) ; Ryukyus, Kagoshima Pref., Amami-Oshima Island, Amami City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.58333/lat 28.433332)">Tatsugo Township, near Nagakumotoge</a>, 28°26’N 129°35’E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 25 Sep 2023, H. Fukutomi, 3♂ 2♀ (TYCN) ; Ryukyus, Okinawa Pref., Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.26195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.772223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.26195/lat 26.772223)">Benoki</a>, 26°46’20”N 128°15’43”E, on Taxillus yadoriki, 28 Apr 2024, T. Saeki, 1♀ (NWHS) ; Okinawa Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.816666/lat 24.366667)">Iriomote Island</a>, 24°22’N 123°49’E, on Taxillus nigrans, 1 Dec 2023, H. Fukutomi, 7♂ 3♀ (CNC, TYCN) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from other East Asian congeners by its rounded, tortoise-shaped body (Fig. 1A, C); dark reddish brown or maroon basic coloration; long labium exceeding apex of metacoxa; irregular sanguineous maculae on metafemur; and clear reddish brown annulations on each tibia. The present new species is a close relative of H. fukutomii sp. nov., from which H. tamaderai sp. nov. is distinct in having the characters suggested in the above diagnosis and key to species. Externally, H. tamaderai sp. nov. is like H. castaneus Yasunaga, Yamada &amp; Artchawakom, 2015 (Fig. 1E–F) and H. katrinae Yasunaga, Yamada &amp; Artchawakom, 2015 from central Thailand; however, the genitalic structures of these Thai congeners are evidently different from those of H. tamaderai (cf. Yasunaga et al. 2015).</p><p>Description. Body generally maroon to dark reddish brown; dorsum relatively matte, with densely distributed, silvery, lanceolate, scale-like setae and sparsely distributed, dark, simple, semierect setae (Fig. 6J). Head dark reddish brown, weakly shining, with densely distributed silvery scale-like setae (Figs. 1B, 2C, but easily rubbed off as in Fig. 6H). Antenna reddish brown; segment I dark brown; segment II yellowish brown, except for darkened apical 1/4 and extreme base, (in male) about as long as / (in female) shorter than basal width of pronotum; segment III and IV grayish brown, filiform, with whitish extreme base of segment III. Labium shiny reddish brown, reaching but not exceeding apex of metacoxa. Pronotum almost uniformly dark reddish brown, with fuscous anterior and posterior pleural glands (Fig. 1C); scutellum fuscous, usually with paler or reddish lateral and posterior margins; pleura reddish brown; metathoracic scent efferent system creamy yellow, with circular peritreme (Fig. 6K). Hemelytron weakly shining, strongly declivous at cuneal fracture; cuneus reddish brown, with pale anterior margin; membrane smoky brown, with pale veins and small, pale spot at middle. All coxae creamy yellow, sometimes partly with orange-red spots; all femora reddish brown, each speckled with pale maculae or spots; all tibiae pale brown, with clear, dark reddish brown annulations; each tarsus yellowish brown, except for darkened apical part; meta-tarsomere III about as long as II (Fig. 6L); pretarsal structure as in Fig. 6M; pulvilli relatively large. Abdomen reddish brown or darker. Male genitalia (Figs. 3 E−H, 7A–I): similar in overall appearance to those of H. fukutomii sp. nov. Left paramere with sub-lateral protuberance smaller (Figs. 3E, 7B–C); right paramere with blunt-tipped hypophysis (Figs. 3F, 7E–F); phallotheca with sharp branch (Fig. 3G); vesical median process relatively short, broad (Fig. 3H, 7H–I). Female genitalia (Figs. 4, 7J–O): Genital chamber with a pair of ovoid sclerites at bases of lateral oviducts and ribbon-like sclerite along posteromedial margin (Fig. 4B, F); sclerotized rings thick-rimmed, stout, triangular (Figs. 4B, F, 7J, M); vestibular sclerite tumid (Fig. 4C); ovipositor (gonapophysis I) as in Fig. 4A, D, E; posterior wall with wide, triangular interramal lobes and anteromesal spinulate process (Fig. 7K–L, N–O); interramal lobe with dense spinules on distal 2/3 (Fig. 7L, O).</p><p>Measurements. See Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Dr. Yutaka Tamadera, who collected and presented valuable specimens of this new species; a noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Biology. The breeding host of this new species was confirmed to be Taxillus yadoriki (Siebold ex Maxim.) Danser and T. nigrans (Hayata) Danser ( Loranthaceae). The newly emerged adults of Hypseloecus tamaderai sp. nov. are mostly found from the inflorescence of these Loranthaceae mistletoes. Since several adult specimens of the mirid were collected in April, this new species is presumed to overwinter in the adult stage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24489401D869FFA48FAAF863FB32B629	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide;Duwal, Ram Keshari	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2025): Three new species of the plant bug tribe Pilophorini from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5632 (3): 531-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6
24489401D862FFA48FAAFE87FD21B421.text	24489401D862FFA48FAAFE87FD21B421.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilophorus Hahn 1826	<div><p>Pilophorus Hahn, 1826</p><p>Diagnosis: East Asian members of Pilophorus are recognized readily by the following characters: Body antlike in overall appearance (Fig. 2H–L), due to more or less constricted median hemelytra (rarely ovoid or elongate-oval in some members superficially similar to Pherolepis Kulik, 1968); basic coloration brown to fuscous; scutellum, hemelytron and/or thoracic pleura partly with clustered or aligned, silvery, scale-like setae; parempodia between claws fleshy, apically convergent (Fig. 8H). Further diagnostic characters are provided in Schuh (1984), Yasunaga &amp; Duwal (2016) and Yasunaga et al. (2021). Fukuda et al. (2020) also suggested the 2 nd –5 th instars immature forms of Pilophorus species uniquely have the ‘metanotal ridge’ which assumed as a synapomorphy for the genus. As documented by Yasunaga &amp; Schuh (2013), several Oriental congeners are strikingly antlike, having the remarkably modified pronotum.</p><p>Discussion. See Yasunaga et al. (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24489401D862FFA48FAAFE87FD21B421	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide;Duwal, Ram Keshari	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2025): Three new species of the plant bug tribe Pilophorini from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5632 (3): 531-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6
24489401D862FFA68FAAFC8FFA38B616.text	24489401D862FFA68FAAFC8FFA38B616.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilophorus reoi Yasunaga & Duwal 2025	<div><p>Pilophorus reoi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs.2 H−J, 5, 8, 9</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (♂), JAPAN: Ryukyus, Okino-Erabu Island, Kagoshima Pref., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.5686&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.366388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.5686/lat 27.366388)">China Township, Oyama</a>, 27°21'59"N 128°34'07"E, on Rubus sieboldii, 3 May 2021, R. Ito (NWHS) (AMNH_PBI 00378811) . Paratypes: JAPAN: Ryukyus, same data as for holotype, 1♀ (TYCN); Ryukyus, Amami-Oshima Island, Santarotoge [= current Sumiyo Town, Kamiya, 28.2843, 129.4215], 26 Jul 1954, S. Miyamoto &amp; Y. Hirashima, 1♂ (KUEC) (AMNH_PBI 00380672); Amami-Oshima Island, Shinmura-Yuwan, 28.24, 129.33, 4 Apr 1960, S. Miyamoto, 1♂ (KUEC) (00380673) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Recognized by its relatively small size; slender body shape (HCR = 0.77–0.79 in ♂ / 0.74 in ♀); fuscous, clavate antennomere II with reddish basal half; three circularly clustered silvery setae at corners of scutellum; reddish brown anterior hemelytron with clustered silvery setae as in Fig. 2H, J; reddish brown metatibia with creamy yellow extreme base; and relatively narrow, weakly splayed-out left paramere; small apical processes of phallotheca; and narrow-rimmed sclerotized ring.</p><p>Description. Macropterous; body generally castaneous or reddish brown, antlike, relatively slender (HCR = 0.77–0.79 in ♂ / 0.74 in ♀); dorsal surface shining, with sparsely distributed, brown simple, reclining setae and scattered clusters of silvery, scale-like setae (Fig. 2H, J). Head shiny chestnut brown, slightly wider than high, narrowly margined along basal vertex; eye small; vertex wider than an eye in dorsal view; head below eyes tinged with red. Antenna dark brown; segment I, basal half of III creamy brown; segment II with reddish brown basal half, clavate, with apical part about as thick as profemur; segments III and IV filiform.Labium shiny reddish brown, slightly exceeding apex of mesocoxa; apical 3/4 of segment III and basal half of segment IV creamy brown. Pronotum shiny fuscous, polished, with uniformly distributed, simple, semierect setae (Fig. 8A, E); scutellum shiny fuscous, with roundly clustered scale-like setae at each angle; pleura dark brown, with clustered scale-like setae on mesepimeron; metathoracic scent efferent system pale brown, with relatively small peritreme (Fig. 8F). Hemelytron almost totally reddish castaneous or maroon, with sparsely distributed, simple, reclining setae, and clustered silvery scale-like setae at subapical clavus, and basal 1/3 and apical 1/3 of corium (Figs. 2H, J, 8A–C); posterior band of scale-like setae interrupted, separated into two clusters; membrane smoky brown, with a narrow, pale, semitransparent part along apical margin of cuneus. Coxae creamy yellow, except for reddish brown mesocoxa; femora reddish brown, with creamy yellow extreme apices (Fig. 2I); all tibiae and tarsi creamy yellow; basal 1/2–2/3 of metatibia dark brown except for pale base; apical part of each tarsomere III more or less darkened; meta-tarsomere III about as long as II (Fig. 8G); pretarsal structure as in Fig. 8H. Abdomen shiny chocolate brown. Male genitalia (Figs. 5A–D, 8I–J): left paramere narrow, not broadly splayed-out (Fig. 5A); apex of phallotheca with small, pointed process (Fig. 5C); vesica nearly J-shaped, with single median process (Fig. 5D). Female genitalia (Figs. 5E–F, 8K–O): sclerotized rings narrow-rimmed (Fig. 5E); vestibular sclerite with thumb-like knob (Fig. 5F); posterior wall as in Fig. 8K–N; interramal lobe with more than 5 rows of spinules along anterior margin (Fig. 8L, N); interramal sclerite with rather densely distributed scaly-microstructures (Fig. 8M).</p><p>Measurements. See Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Mr.Reo Ito, who collected valuable specimens and kindly shared biological information of this new species; a noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Biology. A pair of adults of this new species were recently collected from a raspberry Rubus sieboldii Blume ( Rosaceae) which appears to be the breeding host (Ito pers. comm.).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is assumed to be closest relative of P. pullullus Poppius, 1914 but each species is separable by the characters shown in the below key. Externally, P. reoi sp. nov. is also similar to P. hyotan Yasunaga, Duwal &amp; Nakatani, 2021 (Fig. 2L) and P. typicus Distant, 1909, from which it can be distinguished by the distinctly clavate antennomere II, reddish castaneous brown anterior hemelytron, narrower and not much splayed-out left paramere (Fig. 5A), narrow-rimmed sclerotized ring (Fig. 5E), and more densely distributed spinules on the posterior wall (Fig. 8L, N).</p><p>Yasunaga et al. (2021) misidentified two old dry-preserved specimens collected on Amami-Oshima Island (deposited in KUEC) as Pilophorus pullulus Poppius described from Taiwan (cf. Poppius 1914, 1915; National Museum of Natural Science 2025). The present study has verified that the Japanese population occurring on the subtropical islands of the Ryukyus is evidently different from P. pullulus . Accordingly, some relevant couplets (20–22) of the key to Pilophorus species provided by Yasunaga et al. (2021) are revised as follows.</p><p>1. Hemelytral clavus fuscous, often posteriorly with silver-grayish pruinosity (Fig. 2L)................................ 2</p><p>- Clavus castaneous or reddish brown, without pruinosity (Fig. 2H, J–K)........................................... 3</p><p>2. HCR larger (0.66–0.75 in male/ 0.66–0.74 in female); in male, antennal segment II usually greater than twice as long as III and left paramere smaller, weakly expanded left-laterally (cf. Yasunaga et al. 2021, figs. 9L, 15N–O); in female, vertex narrower (≤ 0.39 mm; vertex/head width across eyes = 0.50) and interramal lobe with 2–3 rows of spines along margin (Yasunaga et al. 2021, fig. 16K–L)........................................................................ P. typicus Distant</p><p>- HCR smaller (0.62–0.67 in male/ 0.62–0.66 in female); in male, antennal segment II usually twice as long as III and left paramere more strongly expanded left-laterally, spatula-shaped (Yasunaga et al. 2021, figs. 9I, 15G); in female, vertex wider (≥ 0.40 mm; vertex/head width = 0.53–0.57) and interramal lobe with 4–5 rows of spines along margin (Yasunaga et al. 2021, fig. 16N–O).................................................... P. hyotan Yasunaga, Duwal &amp; Nakatani (Fig. 2L)</p><p>3. Procoxa almost uniformly brown; cryophilic species currently known only from temperate deciduous forest zone in Honshu........................................................ P. maeharai Yasunaga &amp; Duwal, 2016 (Fig. 2K)</p><p>- Procoxa, at least basal half, creamy white (Fig. 2I); thermophilic species occurring subtropical climate zone............. 4</p><p>4. Antennomere II uniformly dark brown, almost linear, with apical part less than 1.5 times as thick as base; basal half of metatibia uniformly brown (cf. Yasunaga et al. 2021, fig. 1D–E; National Museum of Natural Science 2025); known only from Taiwan ........................................................................... P. pullulus Poppius</p><p>- Antennomere II reddish brown with fuscous apical half, clavate (Figs. 2H–J), with apical part about twice as thick as base (Fig. 8D); basal 1/2–3/5 of metatibia dark reddish brown with creamy yellow annulation at base (Figs. 2H–J); northern Ryukyu Islands (Fig. 9)............................................................................ P. reoi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24489401D862FFA68FAAFC8FFA38B616	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yasunaga, Tomohide;Duwal, Ram Keshari	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2025): Three new species of the plant bug tribe Pilophorini from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Zootaxa 5632 (3): 531-546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5632.3.6
