identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
335CB66C611F0170FCA91C21FD44FE61.text	335CB66C611F0170FCA91C21FD44FE61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plant sampling	<div><p>Plant sampling</p><p>This study is based upon field observations, underpinned by reference to herbarium material at the Australian Tropical Herbarium (CNS) and the Queensland Herbarium (BRI). Plant material was collected mostly at locations selected according to a sampling program designed to investigate the occurrence and likely relationship between the sympatric taxa Bruguiera exaristata and B. gymnorhiza, and the new taxon B. × dungarra . Reference voucher collections of B. × dungarra were made for Machans Beach and Holloways Beach. The species and hybrids sampled (with numbers of samples for each shown in brackets; see Table 1), included: B. × dungarra (7), B. exaristata (10), B. gymnorhiza (9) and B. parviflora (3). The latter species was included as the outlier in the numerical analyses, and its occurrences were not necessarily sympatric with the other three. In all, 29 mature individual trees were assessed using a standardised set of morphological attributes, including numeric and discrete non-numeric multistate (descriptive) states. Measurements of foliage, floral parts and fruits are based on fresh material.</p><p>Further Bruguiera taxa were not considered in these particular analyses because this study focused on the specific relationships between populations of the taxa in sympatry ( B. × dungarra, B. exaristata and B. gymnorhiza). Other species, like B. sexangula and B. × rhynchopetala, were mostly not locally present. Two key factors explain their absence:</p><p>1. the recorded southern latitudinal limit of B. sexangula and B. × rhynchopetala is the Herbert River (S18°31') on Australia’s east coast – this study specifically included one sample location much further south in Shoalwater Bay (S22°21'); and</p><p>2. the almost exclusive restriction of B. sexangula and B. × rhynchopetala to areas of notable riverine influence and relatively high rainfall (Duke et al. 1998) – this study se- lectively sampled downstream estuarine sites, mostly away from riverine influence.</p><p>This does not imply that B. × dungarra was not found in wetter locations – the collection from the Johnstone River estuary validates its occurrence in such a riverine situation. But, for the purpose of this study, collections were mostly restricted to locations where other Bruguiera taxa were locally absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/335CB66C611F0170FCA91C21FD44FE61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Duke, N. C.;Kudo, H.	Duke, N. C., Kudo, H. (2018): Bruguiera × dungarra, a new hybrid between mangrove species B. exaristata and B. gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae) recently discovered in north-east Australia. Blumea 63 (3): 279-285, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.03
335CB66C611B0175FFF31CEAFC38F804.text	335CB66C611B0175FFF31CEAFC38F804.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bruguiera dungarra N. C. Duke & Hidetoshi Kudo	<div><p>Bruguiera × dungarra N.C.Duke &amp; Hidetoshi Kudo, hybrid nov. — Fig. 1–4</p><p>Type: Hidetoshi Kudo 190916 A &amp; Brian Venables (holo CNS; iso BRI), Australia, Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.7474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.861233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.7474/lat -16.861233)">Cairns</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.7474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.861233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.7474/lat -16.861233)">Machans Beach</a>, mangrove, high intertidal zone, S16°51.674' E145°44.844', sea level, 27 Oct. 2016 .</p><p>Etymology. The location of the type of this new hybrid occurs on the ancestral lands of the Yirrganydji people. For these traditional custodians of the narrow coastal strip from Cairns to Port Douglas, the epithet Dungarra means, ‘belonging to Machans Beach area’.</p><p>Tree or shrub to 22 m high, evergreen, columnar or multi-stemmed, branching mostly sympodial, stem base with sinuous, finlike buttresses to 0.5 m high. Exposed breathing roots, pneu- matophores knee-like, to 15 cm long. Bark dark grey to palebrown, with horizontal and vertical fissures, with large corky lenticels of 1–2 cm diam, especially on buttresses. Foliage comprised of compact rosettes of paired leaves, clustered at 4–8 leaf scar nodes down from apical shoot, terminal, spicate, prominent, pink-green, 3–7 cm long. Interpetiolar stipules paired, narrowly ovate, green to yellowish, occasionally with pinkish tinge, enclose terminal bud to 7 cm long. Leaves opposite, simple, blade elliptic to elliptic-obovate, smooth, glossy green, 7–15 cm long, 3–6 cm wide, 4–8 cm shape length (see Table 2), length to width ratio 1.9–2.4, length to shape ratio 1.8–2 (see Table 2), base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; petiole green, 2.1–3.8 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered (flowers solitary), buds generally nodding, matur- ing within leafy rosette; peduncle green, 8.4–16 mm long, 1.8–2.5 mm wide; mature buds present at 1 or 2 internodal segments below apical shoot; mature hypocotyls present at 3 or 4 internodal segments below apical shoot. Mature flower buds green with rosy blush to all green, 29.5–39.4 mm long, 4.9–7.4 mm wide around calyx tube, 7.8–11 mm wide at calyx lobes, distil tip acute; calyx tube turbinate, ribbed, with 9–11 lobes, slender pointed, longer than tube, 17.2–26 mm long, margins of lobes on closed mature buds antrorse to form ribs between adjoining lobes; petals 9–11, creamy white, turning orange-brown at anthesis, 14–18 mm long, 2.2–3 mm closed width, bilateral folded, 4.4–5.3 mm open width, bilobed; lobes 4.3–6.6 mm long, densely fringed with hairs along margin of outer side of petal lobe, apex of each lobe rounded with 2 or 3 bristles near apex, 0.5–1.8 mm long, sinus between lobes with hair-like spine, 2.4–3.9 mm long, about half lobe length, ratio of spine to petal lobe length 0.4–0.8; stamens 18–22, creamy white turning orange-brown at anthesis, 14.3–15.7 mm long, 0.2–0.6 mm wide, compressed pair within closed petal, dehiscing precociously when triggered, anthers linear, creamy pale yellow turning brown at anthesis, 5.5–8.5 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide; style filiform, smooth, pale green, 17–23 mm long, 0.9–1.3 mm wide, stigma minutely 3-lobed, mounted centrally within calyx tube 3.2–4.6 mm wide, 3.9–4.9 mm long. Mature fruit cryptic within slightly enlarged calyx tube, turbinate, smooth to ribbed, 37–44 mm long, 13–16 mm wide, calyx lobes slightly reflexed, 17–20 mm long, 25–33 mm width; germination viviparous, hypocotyl emergent from calyx with maturation. Mature hypocotyl narrowly ovoid, straight, green, 5–16 cm long, 13–15 mm at widest point, 29–77 mm shape length (see Table 2), 4–7 mm width at plumule end, length to width ratio 3.9–11, length to shape ratio 0.9–4.1 (see Table 2), some longitudinal ribbing, distil end blunt, plumule 0.9–4.1 mm long, buoyant dispersal agent.</p><p>Distribution — Type location is Machans Beach (S16°52' E145°45'), near Cairns in Queensland, Australia. Other localities include Holloways Beach (S16°50' E145°44') also near Cairns in Queensland, Australia, south to around Hinchinbrook Channel (S18°29' E146°10') and Shoalwater Bay (S22°21' E150°10'), and further north to the Marrett River estuary (S14°31' E144°12') in Princess Charlotte Bay. Distribution elsewhere is likely, although possibly restricted to the zone of overlap of putative parents (Fig. 3). Putative parent species co-occur in eastern Indonesia, Timor Leste, southern New Guinea and northern Australia. In Australia, B. × dungarra is likely to occur from Darwin Harbour in the Northern Territory (S12°25' E130°48') to Port Curtis in Queensland (S23°49' E151°22').</p><p>Ecology &amp; Local influences — Uncommon hybrid in the mid-high intertidal zone of intermediate estuarine position (sensu Duke 2006). Often in proximity of stands of higher intertidal B. exaristata, and mid-high intertidal B. gymnorhiza .</p><p>Phenology — In Australia, flowering reported for July to September, and maturation of propagules in October to May.</p><p>Additional herbarium specimens and vouchers. AUSTRALIA, Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.73286&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.830418" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.73286/lat -16.830418)">Holloways Beach</a>, mangrove, high intertidal, S16°49.825' E145°43.972',sea level, 27 Oct. 2016, Hidetoshi Kudo 190916 B &amp; Brian Venables (BRI, CNS) ; Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.73283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.830433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.73283/lat -16.830433)">Holloways Beach</a>, mangrove near boat ramp, S16°49.826' E145°43.970', sea level, 6 Aug. 2018, Hidetoshi Kudo 3 to 6 (BRI, CNS) ; Queensland, Holloways Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.74168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.846916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.74168/lat -16.846916)">Willow Street</a>,mangrove edge, S16°50.815' E145°44.501', sea level, 6 Aug. 2018, Hidetoshi Kudo 7 to 10 (BRI, CNS) ; Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.73627&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.836767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.73627/lat -16.836767)">Holloways Beach</a> street near mangrove edge, S16°50.206' E145°44.176', sea level, 6 Aug. 2018, Hidetoshi Kudo 11 to 14 (BRI, CNS) ; Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.74742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.86125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.74742/lat -16.86125)">Machans Beach</a> boat ramp, high intertidal mangroves, S16°51.675' E145°44.845', sea level, 6 Aug. 2018, Hidetoshi Kudo 15 to 18 (BRI, CNS) ; Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.75362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.860016" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.75362/lat -16.860016)">Machans Beach</a>, Dungarra Reserve, mangrove, S16°51.601' E145°45.217', sea level, 6 Aug. 2018, Hidetoshi Kudo 19 to 22 (BRI, CNS) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/335CB66C611B0175FFF31CEAFC38F804	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Duke, N. C.;Kudo, H.	Duke, N. C., Kudo, H. (2018): Bruguiera × dungarra, a new hybrid between mangrove species B. exaristata and B. gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae) recently discovered in north-east Australia. Blumea 63 (3): 279-285, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.03
