identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
310E1D1FFFA8FFABFFDF42DA5D4A4CB7.text	310E1D1FFFA8FFABFFDF42DA5D4A4CB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dna extraction	<div><p>DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing</p><p>DNA was extracted from fresh leaves, dried leaves, or herbarium sheets using a Puregene DNA Purification kit (Gentra Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Four gene products were amplified by primers trnL -5 (5’-CGAAATCGGTAGACGC- TACG-3’) and IGS-3 (5’-ATTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG-3’) for trnL-F, matK -F (5’- ACCCCATCCCATCCATCTGGAAAT-3’) and matK -R (5’-TATCCAAATACCAAATGCGTCCTG-3’) for matK, rbcL -F (5’-GTTGGATTCAAAGCTGGTGTTAAAGAT-3’) and rbcL -R (5’-CGTCCCTCATTACGAGCTTG-3’) for rbcL, and atpB -2 (5’-AGCGTTGTAAATATTAGGCATCTT-3’) and rbcL -2 (5’-ATCTTTAACACCAGCTTTGAATCCAAC-3’) for atpB-rbcL, respectively. A total volume of 50 μl PCR reaction contained 1 μl of template DNA (50–100 ng extracted genomic DNA), 1 μl of 10 mM of each primer, 2.5 μl of PCR buffer, 1 μl of 10 mM dNTPs, 2.5 μl of 25 mM MgCl 2 and 1 U of Taq polymerase. PCR reactions were performed in a PCR thermocycler (GeneAmp 9700 PCR system;Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and carried out in the following conditions: an initial denaturation step at 94 °C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of 94 °C for 1 min, 52 °C for 1 min and 72 °C for 2 mins, with a final extension of 72 °C for 7 min. The PCR amplified products were checked on a 1 % agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide. Using Micro-Elute DNA Clean /Extraction Kit (GeneMark, Taiwan), the PCR products were purified and dissolved in 10 μl ddH 2 O. The purified PCR products were sequenced with the</p><p>PCR primer pairs in both directions by an ABI Model 3100 DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, USA) with BigDye terminator cycle sequencing reagent (Applied Biosystems, USA).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/310E1D1FFFA8FFABFFDF42DA5D4A4CB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsu, K. - M.;Tsai, J. - L.;Chen, M. - Y.;Ku, H. - M.;Liu, S. - C.	Hsu, K. - M., Tsai, J. - L., Chen, M. - Y., Ku, H. - M., Liu, S. - C. (2013): Molecular phylogeny of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) in East and Southeast Asia. Blumea 58 (1): 21-27, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X669022, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x669022
310E1D1FFFAEFFADFFDF44745D6F4CB6.text	310E1D1FFFAEFFADFFDF44745D6F4CB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(sect. Stenophora)	<div><p>The Stenophora clade</p><p>As shown in Fig. 1, all Dioscorea species formed a monophyletic group with two distinct, strongly supported clades (clade A and B). This confirms that D. sect. Stenophora (clade A) is sister to the rest of Dioscorea (clade B) in the systematics of the genus as reported in Wilkin et al. (2005). Many ancestral characteristics of the genus are also present in D. sect. Stenophora including rhizome, diploid chromosome number and single pollen aperture (Pei et al.1979, Chin et al.1985, Schols et al. 2003). Because its fossil record is the earliest of the genus Dioscorea, sect. Stenophora has been proposed as the oldest section in Dioscorea (Burkill 1960) .</p><p>Furthermore, D. collettii was reported as a Sino-Himalayan species in Thapyai et al. (2005). Burkill (1960) had distinguished an additional species from D. collettii, which he called D. hypoglauca . However, in the most recent treatment of this species, Ding &amp; Gilbert (2000) defined D. hypoglauca as a variety of D. collettii, D. collettii var. hypoglauca . These two taxa exhibit continuous morphological variations and show sympatric distribution in China. Gao et al. (2008) suggested that D. collettii var. collettii and D. collettii var. hypoglauca were sister to each other with only weak support. In this study, these two taxa were also sister to each other, but with strong support (Fig. 1 node 7). In addition, the specimens of D. collettii var. collettii sampled from Taiwan and Lanyu Island showed three stable transversions within cpDNA trnL-F and matK regions. Thus, denser sampling is required to evaluate the intraspecific classification of D. collettii var. collettii in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/310E1D1FFFAEFFADFFDF44745D6F4CB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsu, K. - M.;Tsai, J. - L.;Chen, M. - Y.;Ku, H. - M.;Liu, S. - C.	Hsu, K. - M., Tsai, J. - L., Chen, M. - Y., Ku, H. - M., Liu, S. - C. (2013): Molecular phylogeny of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) in East and Southeast Asia. Blumea 58 (1): 21-27, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X669022, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x669022
310E1D1FFFAFFFACFFDE40145A754F61.text	310E1D1FFFAFFFACFFDE40145A754F61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Botryosicyos	<div><p>The Botryosicyos and Lasiophyton clades</p><p>These two sections show many morphological characters in common including perennial crown with annual tubers, left-twining, usually pubescent and spiny, compound leaves and capsules that are longer than their wide. Prain &amp; Burkill (1936) have combined these two sections and treated the members of D. sect. Botryosicyos within D. sect. Lasiophyton . However, these two sections show clear morphological differences to each other, such as the variations in leaflet venation, male bracts, and stamen number. Thus, the obtained phylogenetic relationships seem to be well-supported by morphological characters. As shown in Fig. 1, D. sect. Botryosicyos and D. sect. Lasiophyton were both identified in the tree as well-supported clades within the compound-leaved clade (Fig. 1 node 27 and 32). The members of D. sect. Botryosicyos, characterized by one main vein per leaflet, were sister to those of D. sect. Lasiophyton, which had several veins per leaflet.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/310E1D1FFFAFFFACFFDE40145A754F61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsu, K. - M.;Tsai, J. - L.;Chen, M. - Y.;Ku, H. - M.;Liu, S. - C.	Hsu, K. - M., Tsai, J. - L., Chen, M. - Y., Ku, H. - M., Liu, S. - C. (2013): Molecular phylogeny of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) in East and Southeast Asia. Blumea 58 (1): 21-27, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X669022, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x669022
