identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3620C3174F51FF83FC90B09A6EFCAC4E.text	3620C3174F51FF83FC90B09A6EFCAC4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaxus bermudensis Scharhauser & Zimmermann & Gruber-Vodicka & Ott & Leisch 2020	<div><p>Paralaxus bermudensis sp. nov.</p><p>ZooBank registration (http://zoobank.org): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8697C6A0-3508–4833- 81DC-D2A86B0B00AC.</p><p>GenBank entries for 18S rRNA and COI sequences: see Table S1.</p><p>Species from Bermuda can be identified by an amphidial fovea with two turns and the bulbus occupies 30%–32% of the pharynx length. In male specimens, the velum makes up 30%–40% of the tail length and the spicula are strongly arcuate (Figure 2h-j).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F51FF83FC90B09A6EFCAC4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F51FF83FC90B1176816AEC8.text	3620C3174F51FF83FC90B1176816AEC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaxus cocos Scharhauser & Zimmermann & Gruber-Vodicka & Ott & Leisch 2020	<div><p>Paralaxus cocos sp. nov.</p><p>ZooBank registration (http://zoobank.org): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act A659918E-FD88-4584– 8115-CD4C396AE400.</p><p>GenBank entries for 18S rRNA and COI sequences: see Table S1.</p><p>Species from Belize, Central America, can be identified by an amphidial fovea with one and a half turns and the bulbus occupies 32%–35% of the pharynx length. The velum of male specimens makes up 43%–47% of the tail length and the spicula are moderately arcuate (Figure 2a-g).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F51FF83FC90B1176816AEC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F51FF83FC90B4AA6EB2AF4A.text	3620C3174F51FF83FC90B4AA6EB2AF4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaxus Scharhauser & Zimmermann & Gruber-Vodicka & Ott & Leisch 2020	<div><p>Paralaxus gen. nov.</p><p>ZooBank registration (http://zoobank.org): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 417691DB-5EE3-49B7- B838-1BBF1569235F.</p><p>GenBank entries for 18S rRNA and COI sequences: see Table S1.</p><p>We erect a new genus for this clade with the following characters: cephalic capsule without block layer (Figure 2b, e, i, l, m); amphidial fovea spiral, no sexual dimorphism in shape of fovea (Figure 2b, g, i, l, m); male tail with velum (Figure 2c, j, n); symbiotic bacteria coccobacilli, arranged as multilayered coat covering body except for anterior and posterior end (Figure 1a, b). All Paralaxus sequences form statistically supported clades in phylogenetic analyses of the 18S as well as the COI datasets (Figure 3a, b). The specimens for each Paralaxus species clustered together in both gene sets and clearly separated each Paralaxus species from each other (Figure 3a, b).</p><p>We describe three new species and report on two additional ones.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F51FF83FC90B4AA6EB2AF4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F51FF82FC90B2186CAEADC5.text	3620C3174F51FF82FC90B2186CAEADC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaxus columbae Scharhauser & Zimmermann & Gruber-Vodicka & Ott & Leisch 2020	<div><p>Paralaxus columbae sp. nov.</p><p>ZooBank registration (http://zoobank.org): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4BABABB3-1DD4-46F1- A69C-BC06C1271D01.</p><p>Species from Florida Keys, USA, can be identified by an amphidial fovea with 1–1.2 turns and the bulbus occupies 29%–33% of the pharynx length. In male specimens, the velum makes up 35%–37% of tail length and the spicula are weakly arcuate (Figure 2k-o).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F51FF82FC90B2186CAEADC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F50FF82FFBEB3E16ED9AC35.text	3620C3174F50FF82FFBEB3E16ED9AC35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaxus Scharhauser & Zimmermann & Gruber-Vodicka & Ott & Leisch 2020	<div><p>3.2 | Paralaxus species from Australia and Hawaii</p><p>GenBank entries for 18S rRNA and COI sequences see Table S 1.</p><p>Representatives of two additional species, Paralaxus sp. “heron 1” and P. sp. “oahu 1” have been found off Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Oahu, Hawaii Islands. Due to the lack of properly preserved material, a formal description is currently not possible. Morphological details and measurements taken from microphotographs of live animals prior to fixation are presented in the Supplementary Information (Table S2).</p><p>Detailed Paralaxus species descriptions are presented in the Supplementary Information (Supplementary Results and Figs. S1-S8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F50FF82FFBEB3E16ED9AC35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F52FF80FFBEB5426FA7AAE6.text	3620C3174F52FF80FFBEB5426FA7AAE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaxus Scharhauser & Zimmermann & Gruber-Vodicka & Ott & Leisch 2020	<div><p>3.3 | Key to the species</p><p>Amphidial fovea with 2 turns; bulbus 30%–32% of pharynx length, velum 30%–40% of tail length, spicula strongly arcuate</p><p>Paralaxus bermudensis sp. nov.</p><p>Amphidial fovea with 1.5 turns, bulbus 32%– 35% of pharynx length, velum 43%–47% of tail length, spicula moderately arcuate</p><p>P. cocos sp. nov.</p><p>Amphidial fovea with 1–1.2 turns, bulbus 29%–33% of pharynx length, velum 35%–37% of tail length, spicula weakly arcuate</p><p>P. columbae sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F52FF80FFBEB5426FA7AAE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F52FF8FFFBEB34969B1A8ED.text	3620C3174F52FF8FFFBEB34969B1A8ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stilbonematinae	<div><p>3.5 | Molecular data corroborates the monophyly of the subfamily Stilbonematinae</p><p>and all its genera, including Paralaxus</p><p>In addition to the nine Paralaxus specimens, we generated and analysed single worm metagenomes from 20 specimens covering six additional stilbonematine genera and extracted both host 18S and COI gene sequences for all specimens (Table S1). To analyse the monophyly of the Stilbonematinae, we reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships based on the 18S gene, as this is the only gene with sufficient taxon sampling. The 18S gene matrix, with a minimum sequence length of 1,300 bp, consisted of sequences from 78 Stilbonematinae as well as from 52 closely related Desmodorida and Microlaimida, and an outgroup of 24 Chromadorida sequences. The Stilbonematinae formed a highly supported clade, with other non-stilbonematine Desmodoridae and Draconematidae as closest relatives (Figure 3a).</p><p>For the analysis of the Stilbonematinae genera, we created a mitochondrial COI tree in addition to the 18S tree, using 27 metagenome-derived stilbonematine COI sequences and an ascarid as outgroup ( Baylisascaris procyonis mitochondrion, JF951366) (Figure 3b). Based on both datasets, all Stilbonematinae genera including Paralaxus gen. nov. formed well-supported clades (Figure 3a, b), thus corroborating our morphological assignments. In both the 18S and the COI-based analysis, the genus Leptonemella was phylogenetically most closely related to Paralaxus, with high statistical support in the 18S dataset and acceptable support in the COI-based phylogenies (Figure 3a, b). Other than that, the branching patterns between genera were largely inconsistent between the COI and 18S datasets. This could be linked to the remarkably low support values for many internal nodes in the COI dataset compared to the much higher spectrum of support values for the 18S-based tree topologies.</p><p>In an extended 18S and COI data matrix, we also included eight short-length, PCR-amplified sequences of five different Stilbonematinae species with a record of problematic phylogenetic placement— Laxus parvum, Robbea porosum, Stilbonema brevicolle, Catanema exile and Leptonemella brevipharynx (Armenteros, Ruiz-Abierno, et al., 2014; Figs. S9 and S10). With our new 18S- and COI-based datasets, the placements of Leptonemella brevipharynx and Catanema exile sequences were resolved and both clustered with sequences of their respective genera. For the sequences of the other three species, we observed inconsistent grouping with Stilbonematinae genera between the datasets (Figs S9 and S10). In the extended 18S tree, two Stilbonema brevicolle sequences appeared in two different clades, one closely related to Leptonemella, while the other one clustered with a yet undescribed genus-level clade designated as genus ‘B’ (Zimmermann et al., 2016). In contrast to the 18S-based placement, the Stilbonema brevicolle sequences grouped together in the extended COI tree and formed a novel sister clade to several genera including Stilbonema, Robbea, Leptonemella and Paralaxus (Figure S10). In the extended 18S data matrix, the Laxus parvum sequences clustered within the genus Robbea (Figure S9). Similarly, in the COI dataset the L. parvum sequence grouped with the only available sequence of the genus Robbea (Figure S10). The sequences designated as Robbea porosum formed a divergent genus-level clade but the placement of this clade was not consistent for the two marker genes (Figs S9 and S10). In the 18S-based analyses, they were the sister clade to the genus Laxus, while in the COI dataset, they formed the sister clade to all other Stilbonematinae .</p><p>3.6 | Symbiont 16S phylogeny shows genus-level specificity</p><p>We constructed a matrix from all full-length 16S ‘Thiosymbion’ sequences, available in the databases and 21 metagenome-derived symbiont sequences—using five free-living Chromatiaceae as an outgroup. All symbiont sequences from the same host genus clustered in well-supported clades, irrespective of the number of gutless oligochaete symbionts included within those clades (Figure 4). In congruence to the host data, the symbionts of all newly sequenced Paralaxus individuals as well as the two previously published sequences from the Caribbean and Australia (Zimmermann et al., 2016) formed a supported clade in the 16S phylogeny (Figure 4).</p><p>3.7 | COI primers cannot cover the compositional diversity in Stilbonematinae</p><p>Despite a highly sensitive PCR setup, we could not amplify the COI of any Paralaxus specimen using the widely used primer set by Folmer et al. (1994) (data not shown). To elucidate these PCR-based amplification problems, we analysed all our metagenome-derived full-length stilbonematine nematode COI sequences for compositional patterns. The COI sequences of the 19 stilbonematine nematode species that belonged to seven genera had a highly variable guanine and cytosine (GC) content, ranging from 27.7% in the genus Robbea to 53.1% in the genus Leptonemella . We identified substantial priming problems with the Folmer et al. (1994) primer set as well with as a second set (JB3F and JB5R) that is commonly used for COI amplification (Armenteros, Rojas-Corzo, et al., 2014; Armenteros, Ruiz-Abierno, et al., 2014; Bowles, Blair, &amp; McManus, 1992; Derycke, Vanaverbeke, Rigaux, Backeljau, &amp; Moens, 2010). Across the Stilbonematinae diversity, the Folmer et al. (1994) primers had a range of 3–11 mismatches for the 1490F primer and 1–5 mismatches for the 2198R primer. Similarly, the primers JB3F and JB5R used in a recent study by Armenteros, Ruiz-Abierno, et al. (2014) showed up to 11 mismatches for each primer (Figure 5). Of all four primers tested, only the JB5R perfectly matched and only to three sequences from Robbea hypermnestra (Figure 5). We performed an in silico analysis that mimics PCR conditions of low stringency, which would overcome up to 11 primer mismatches and would cover the whole diversity of Stilbonematinae . Our analysis showed that such permissive conditions would lead to unspecific binding at multiple alternate sites of the COI gene. We tried to design alternative primer sets, but no primer pair, neither for the full-length nor for partial regions, would reliably target the COI gene and would cover all genera of Stilbonematinae .</p><p>3.8 | The symbiont coat as a new diagnostic feature for Stilbonematinae genera</p><p>In addition to several host-based morphological differences, the presence of a multilayered coat distinguishes the new genus Paralaxus from Laxus, which carries a monolayer of symbionts. Extending from this observation, we analysed the structure and morphology of the bacterial coat of all Stilbonematinae genera and found substantial and highly informative differences. We therefore propose to include the description of the bacterial coat given below into the genus trait sets as a new character (see also iconographic overview of the different genera in Figure 6).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F52FF8FFFBEB34969B1A8ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B6D86876AF30.text	3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B6D86876AF30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adelphos Ott 1997	<div><p>Adelphos Ott, 1997</p><p>Crescent-shaped bacteria, all cells in contact with host cuticle, double-attached, forming complex monolayer, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B6D86876AF30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B14D6ED8AE46.text	3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B14D6ED8AE46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catanema Cobb 1920	<div><p>Catanema Cobb, 1920</p><p>Cocci or coccobacilli, all cells in contact with host cuticle, forming simple monolayer, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip or starting at distance from anterior end.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B14D6ED8AE46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B0206921AEC8.text	3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B0206921AEC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centonema Leduc 2013	<div><p>Centonema Leduc, 2013</p><p>Rods (bacilli), lying parallel to cuticle, all cells in contact with host cuticle, forming simple monolayer, probably covering whole body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B0206921AEC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B36B6828AD80.text	3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B36B6828AD80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eubostrichus dianeae	<div><p>E. dianeae type</p><p>Filamentous bacteria, all cells in contact with host cuticle, singly attached, forming complex monolayer, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B36B6828AD80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B0F66876AD1E.text	3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B0F66876AD1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eubostrichus parasitiferus	<div><p>E. parasitiferus type</p><p>Crescent-shaped bacteria, all cells in contact with host cuticle, double-attached, forming complex monolayer, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B0F66876AD1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B3DD690DACF0.text	3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B3DD690DACF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laxus Cobb 1894	<div><p>Laxus Cobb, 1894 .</p><p>Cocci, coccobacilli or rods (bacilli), all cells in contact with host cuticle, rods standing perpendicular to cuticle surface, forming simple monolayer, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip or starting at distance from anterior end.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5DFF8FFC90B3DD690DACF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B0F76FBBAD1E.text	3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B0F76FBBAD1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptonemella Cobb 1920	<div><p>Leptonemella Cobb, 1920</p><p>Cocci, only a fraction of cells in contact with host cuticle, forming multilayer embedded in gelatinous matrix, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B0F76FBBAD1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B3686FAEAD80.text	3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B3686FAEAD80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parabostrichus Tchesunov 2012	<div><p>Parabostrichus Tchesunov et al., 2012</p><p>Crescent-shaped bacteria, all cells in contact with host cuticle, double-attached, forming complex monolayer, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B3686FAEAD80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B3E26C3AACD6.text	3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B3E26C3AACD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaxus Scharhauser & Zimmermann & Gruber-Vodicka & Ott & Leisch 2020	<div><p>Paralaxus gen. nov.</p><p>Cocci or coccobacilli, only a fraction of cells in contact with host cuticle, forming multilayer embedded in gelatinous matrix, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B3E26C3AACD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B2B0690DAD38.text	3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B2B0690DAD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Robbea Gerlach 1956	<div><p>Robbea Gerlach, 1956</p><p>Cocci, coccobacilli or rods (bacilli), all cells in contact with host cuticle, rods standing perpendicular to cuticle surface, forming simple monolayer, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip or starting at distance from anterior end.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5FFF8DFF58B2B0690DAD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5FFF8DFC90B34569FDADAD.text	3620C3174F5FFF8DFC90B34569FDADAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Squanema Gerlach 1963	<div><p>Squanema Gerlach, 1963</p><p>Crescent-shaped bacteria, all cells in contact with host cuticle, single- or double-attached, forming monolayer, starting at distance from anterior end.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5FFF8DFC90B34569FDADAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5FFF8DFC90B21B6950ACF0.text	3620C3174F5FFF8DFC90B21B6950ACF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stilbonema brevicolle	<div><p>S. brevicolle type</p><p>Cocci or rods, all cells in contact with host cuticle, forming simple monolayer covering whole body except for anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5FFF8DFC90B21B6950ACF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
3620C3174F5EFF8CFF5DB1166FBEAFFE.text	3620C3174F5EFF8CFF5DB1166FBEAFFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stilbonema majum	<div><p>S. majum type</p><p>Cocci, only a fraction of cells in contact with host cuticle, forming multilayer embedded in gelatinous matrix, covering whole body except anterior and posterior tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3620C3174F5EFF8CFF5DB1166FBEAFFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Scharhauser, Florian;Zimmermann, Judith;Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.;Ott, Jörg A.;Leisch, Nikolaus	Scharhauser, Florian, Zimmermann, Judith, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Ott, Jörg A., Leisch, Nikolaus (2020): Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes. Zoologica Scripta 49 (3): 379-394, DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12399, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12399
