identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3874162A7E40FFC9FF42FECDB64E1043.text	3874162A7E40FFC9FF42FECDB64E1043.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procavia capensis (Pallas 1766)	<div><p>1. Rock Hyrax,  Procavia capensis (Pallas, 1766)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  P. c. syriaca (Schreber, 1784) .</p><p>Distribution: Rare; restricted to the rocky mountains of ar-Ruqad Valley (Shehab 2002) and Yarmuk Valley (Serra 2008). (Fig. 4)</p><p>Remarks: The Rock Hyrax is the only representative of the order  Hyracoidea in the Middle East. This is an African species that extended its range along the Jordan Valley reaching as far as southern Lebanon and the Yarmouk River Basin (Rifai et al. 2000). Kumerloeve (1975) did not list  P. capensis among the mammals of Syria, but an observation was recorded in the southwest of Golan close to Lake Tiberias in 1990 by M. Kasparek (Rifai et al. 2000).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E40FFC9FF42FECDB64E1043	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E40FFC8FF42F969B22B13F7.text	3874162A7E40FFC8FF42F969B22B13F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Genus  Lepus</p><p>Distribution: Hares were observed at Ras Al-Ayn, Al-Qamishli, vicinity of Aleppo, Manbij, Jarablus, al-Jabbul, around Deir ez-Zor, and ar-Raqqa (Kumerloeve 1975), steppes around Deir ez-Zor and ar-Raqqa (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012) without being assigned to a species.</p><p>Recent records: Abu Khashab, Abu Qubays, ach-Chola, ad-Dukhoul, Al- Bolaiyah, Al-Furuklus, Al-Furunlok, Al-Hjeifat steppe, Al-Lajat, Mabroukah, Al-Qseir, Al-Thlithawat, Al-Rafeed, an-Nasriyeh, ar-Rastan, ar-Rawda steppe, ash-Shaddady, as-Sarayim, as-Sukhnah, Atheria, az-Zelif, az-Zimlah, Bq’sam, Deir Sawwan, Efreen, el-Ukershe, Feidhat Ibn Muwyin’e, Ghmam, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, Jabal Al-Bilaas, Jarablus, Jubata Al-Khashab, Kabajep, Kasab, Khadhra Almay, Khanaser, Mhardeh, Al-Qaryatein, around Salamiyah, Slouq, Tual Al-Aba, Um Medf’a, Wadi Al-Azib, Wadi Al-Qarn, Al-Nabk, Balluran, Qarajaleh, Slenfeh, Al-Shardoub Forest, Harf Al-Mseitrah, Beshraghi, Jaiboul, and Safita (2006–2023).</p><p>Remarks: Two species occur in the Middle East and Syria,  Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758 and  Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991). However, due to taxonomic revisions, their current distribution is not fully understood (see Angermann 1983). Based on a specimen collected from Al-Qaryatein and deposited in the BMNH, Harrison &amp; Bates (1991) concluded that the hares range might be transitional between  L. capensis arabicus and  L. europaeus syriacus . Molecular assessments would be crucial to gain insight into the taxonomic complexity of the two hare species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E40FFC8FF42F969B22B13F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E41FFC8FF42F9E0B1B114A6.text	3874162A7E41FFC8FF42F9E0B1B114A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepus (Proeulagus) capensis Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>2. Cape Hare,  Lepus (Proeulagus) capensis Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  L. c. arabicus Ehrenberg, 1833 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncertain status. Probably occurs in the Al-Badia south of Deir ez-Zor and ar-Raqqa southwestwards to Palmyra and to Sweida towards the Syrian eastern borders (Fig. 6).</p><p>Previous records: Near Qattinah Lake (Lewis et al. 1967), Buhayrat Al-Heijana (Harrison 1972), Al-Qaryatein (Shehab 2004a) and Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E41FFC8FF42F9E0B1B114A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E42FFCBFF42FB55B18017F0.text	3874162A7E42FFCBFF42FB55B18017F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus Pallas 1778	<div><p>3. European Hare,  Lepus (Eulagos) europaeus Pallas, 1778</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  L. e. connori Robinson, 1918,  L. e. syriacus Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1832 .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain. Probably restricted to semi-arid areas and adjacent dry plains of Al-Badia and in Mesopotamia westwards the coastal region and southwards the country; L. e.  syriacus can be found in Mesopotamia, Orontes Basin, and the coastal regions (Fig. 6).</p><p>Previous records: Around Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E42FFCBFF42FB55B18017F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E42FFCDFF42F9E9B17C131B.text	3874162A7E42FFCDFF42F9E9B17C131B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hystrix (Hystrix) indica Kerr 1792	<div><p>4. Indian Crested, Porcupine  Hystrix (Hystrix) indica Kerr, 1792</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  H. i. mesopotamica Müller, 1911 and  H. i. indica Kerr, 1792 .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant with a wide distribution in almost all habitats across the country (Fig. 7).</p><p>Previous records: Jabal Abd Al-Aziz and vicinity of Aleppo (Harrison 1972), Khneiz (Misonne 1957), Jabal Abd Al-Aziz and vicinity of Aleppo (Harrison 1972), around Aleppo and Al-Qamishli, (Kumerloeve 1975), Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b), Abu Qubays and Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b), and south of Al-Badia of Deir ez-Zor and Jabal Al-Bishri (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, Jabal Al-Bishri, vicinity of Maadan, as-Sarayim (2006–2011), vicinity of Jarablus, Kafr Janneh, Deir Sawwan (2008–2009) Arak, Salamiyah (2011), Al-Kadmous and Halbon (2020), Wadi Al Qarn, Al-Kneisat, Mashqita, Shareefa, Jaiboul, Ein Al-Neser and Shahba (2021), and Rsass (2022).</p><p>Remarks: H. i.  mesopotamica Müller, 1911 was described from Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Mesopotamia) and H. i.  indica Kerr, 1792 from the western Euphrates Valley (see Müller 1911); both subspecies seem to be geographically separated by the Euphrates River.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E42FFCDFF42F9E9B17C131B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E44FFCDFF42FD3CB2F11603.text	3874162A7E44FFCDFF42FD3CB2F11603.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1779)	<div><p>6. Eurasian Forest Dormouse,  Dryomys nitedula (Pallas, 1779)</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  D. n. phrygius Thomas, 1907 .</p><p>Distribution: Common in the coastal region, Orontes Basin, and Barada River Basin (Fig. 10).</p><p>Previous records: Qastal Maaf and Slenfeh (Lehmann 1965);Ashrafiyat Al Wadi,Al-Ghota 35 km east of Damascus, Marmarita, Latakia, and Mesieaf (Shehab et al. 2003).</p><p>Recent records: Wadi Qandil, Bahlouliyah, Slenfe, Al-Kadmous (2008), Al-Haffah, Al-Qteilbiyeh, Sreijes, Al-Qumsiyeh, Beshraghi, B’eit, ash-Sheikh Badr, Jaiboul,Al-Kreem, Safita, Bloudan, Serghaya,Al-Hama,Al-Isawiyah, Jwar Al-Afas, and Mashqita (2020–2023).</p><p>Remarks: This species was reported from Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991; Abi-Said &amp; Kryštufek 2012; Al-Sheikhly et al. 2015). It is a forest-inhabiting rodent species associated with evergreen oak ( Quercus calliprinos) and  Pistacia trees. It nests in hollow branches or stems of oak and old walnut trees (Shehab et al. 2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E44FFCDFF42FD3CB2F11603	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E44FFCDFF42FE5DB72810FB.text	3874162A7E44FFCDFF42FE5DB72810FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myocastor coypus (Molina 1782)	<div><p>5. Coypu,  Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Distribution: Confined to Yarmouk Valley (Fig. 8).</p><p>Previous records: Mzeirib (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Recent records: Koayah and Zaizoun (2010).</p><p>Remarks: An exotic rodent introduced from South America into the Jordan River in the early 1950’s (Bodenheimer 1958); established along the Jordan River to the Yarmouk Valley, where it is common.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E44FFCDFF42FE5DB72810FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E45FFCCFF42FB76B7041418.text	3874162A7E45FFCCFF42FB76B7041418.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eliomys melanurus Wagner 1839	<div><p>7. Black-tailed Garden Dormouse,  Eliomys melanurus Wagner, 1839</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  E. m. melanurus Wagner, 1839 .</p><p>Distribution: Occurs in rocky areas with vegetation cover and at different elevations; Mesopotamia, middle of Al-Badia, and southwestern regions (Fig. 11).</p><p>Previous records: az-Zabadani (Lortet 1883), Jebel al-Geba north of Al-Qaryatein (Aharoni 1917), Mount Hermon (Bodenheimer 1935; Harrison &amp; Bates 1991), Damascus (Golemansky &amp; Darwish 1993), Palmyra, Halabiyyeh (Kryštufek &amp; Kraft 1997), Halabiyyeh, Palmyra and Yabroud (Obuch 2001), Qal’at Sukkara (Shehab et al. 2004), Ain Jum’aa (Shehab et al. 2009), and Al-Bargasha and Serghaya (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks: The Asian Garden Dormouse has been recorded from Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Syria, and Turkey (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991). Shehab et al. (2009) provided a comprehensive description of  E. melanurus including its external morphology, illustrations of the skull, phallus and baculum, and updated distribution in Syria with ecological information (e.g., hibernation). It was found also in owl pellets from near Jebel Abd al-Aziz (Shehab et al. 2004), and at several localities in pellets collected from different species of owls (Obuch 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E45FFCCFF42FB76B7041418	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E45FFCCFF42F979B1E1158C.text	3874162A7E45FFCCFF42F979B1E1158C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciuridae Fischer de Waldheim 1817	<div><p>Family:  Sciuridae</p><p>Tristram (1884) reported the Asia Minor Ground Squirrel  Spermophilus xanthoprymnus as “exceedingly abundant on the sandy and stony plains of the uplands of Moab and Gilead [Palestine]”; this species was omitted from his earlier paper (Tristram 1866). Although Kock (1998) suggested that such evidence most probably results from confusion with a diurnal  Psammomys obesus, Hoffman et al. (2005) continue to report  S. xanthoprymnus as present in Syria and Jordan. This ground squirrel does not occur south of the Syrian-Turkish border (cf. Kryštufek &amp; Vohralík 2012) and we are not aware of any observations within Syria. The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at Harvard University holds a voucher labelled  Citellus mugosaricus (=  Spermophilus pygmaeus) (VertNet 2023). Species identity is certainly erroneous since  S. pygmaeus is native to steppes to the north of the line Caucasus—Caspian Sea—Aral Sea (see map in Kryštufek &amp; Vohralík 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E45FFCCFF42F979B1E1158C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E47FFCEFF42FDC8B66310B3.text	3874162A7E47FFCEFF42FDC8B66310B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scarturus (Paralactaga) aulacotis (Wagner 1840)	<div><p>9. Syrian Five-toed Jerboa,  Scarturus (Paralactaga) aulacotis (Wagner, 1840)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Distribution: Probably widespread but known with certainty only from Homs, Al-Qaryatein, and Damascus (Kryštufek et al. 2013) (Fig. 13).</p><p>Previous records: Homs, Al-Qaryatein, and Damascus (Kryštufek et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks:  S. aulacotis is a sister taxon to  S. williamsi but not to  S. euphraticus (Kryštufek et al. 2013) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E47FFCEFF42FDC8B66310B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E47FFCEFF42FF7CB0B913AF.text	3874162A7E47FFCEFF42FF7CB0B913AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciurus (Tenes) anomalus Guldenstadt 1785	<div><p>8. Caucasian Squirrel,  Sciurus (Tenes) anomalus Güldenstädt, 1785</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: S. a.  syriacus Ehrenberg, 1828 .</p><p>Distribution: Common in the western coastal mountain range, but apparently rare in Ghota and Mount Hermon (Fig. 12).</p><p>Previous records: Qastal Maaf, Slenfeh, and Al-Furunlok (Lehmann 1965), Mount Hermon and wooded areas near Damascus (Tristram 1866; Harrison &amp; Bates 1991; Shehab et al. 2018), and Abu Qubays and Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b). A total of 83 recent records throughout Syria were provided by Aidek et al. (2021a).</p><p>Remarks: Aidek et al. (2021a) provided a detailed account on the current distribution of the Caucasian Squirrel in Syria based on recent and previous records mainly from the Tartous area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E47FFCEFF42FF7CB0B913AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E47FFF0FF42F921B61E108F.text	3874162A7E47FFF0FF42F921B61E108F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scarturus (Paralactaga) euphraticus (Thomas 1881)	<div><p>10. Euphrates Jerboa,  Scarturus (Paralactaga) euphraticus (Thomas, 1881)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Distribution: Records of  Scarturus cf. euphraticus are abundant along the Euphrates Valley, Mesopotamia, and in arid and semi-arid areas of Al-Badia, but the majority of them were not properly classified at the species level. The occurrence of  S. euphraticus is probable in northern Syria (cf. Kryštufek et al. 2013), but still not confirmed (Fig. 14).</p><p>Previous records: Taxonomically unassigned records are available from Tell Abiad, Ain Al-Arous, Khneiz (Misonne 1957), Al-Qaryatein and Palmyra (Atallah &amp; Harrison 1967), Qal’at er-Rahba and Jabal Al-Bilaas (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), ar-Raqqa, Buhayrat Al-Khatuniyah, Al-Hasaka (Bauer 1988), Tell Sheikh Hamad (Kock et al. 1994), Al-Qaryatein (Shehab 2004a), Tell Al-Buderi, Qal’at er-Rahba, 12 km south of ar-Raqqa, ar- Rasafah (Shehab et al. 2004), Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b), Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009c), and Najha (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Recent records: Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, 5 km east of as-Suwar, vicinity of Lake Al-Khatuniyah, ar-Rawda steppe, Al-Hjeifat, 5 km southwest of Al-Mayadin, ad-Dukhoul, Al- Bolaiyah, Al-Khraiteh, vicinity of ar-Raqqa, vicinity of ar-Rasafah, az-Zimlah, Feidhat Ibn Muwyin’e, Jabal Al-Bishri, around ach-Chola, around Kabajep, north of Maadan, around Palmyra, Mabroukah, Slouq, Abu Khashab, and an-netoliyeh (2006–2012).</p><p>Remarks: Referred to as  Allactaga euphratica by earlier authors. The genus  Allactaga has been taxonomically reorganized and the majority of species are now in the genus  Scarturus .  Scarturus euphraticus consists of two species,  S. euphraticus sensu stricto and the newly recognized  S. aulacotis (see distribution). Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott (1951:532) did list  Dipus aulacotis Wagner, 1840 in the synonymy of  Allactaga major which lives to the north of line Black Sea—Caucasus—Caspian Sea— Kyrgyzstan; therefore, it is not present in the Middle East. For reasons which are not explained, Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott suspected Wagner’s locality to be “obviously erroneous”. We do not share this opinion. Wagner (1840) published material collected by von Schubert in Egypt and Palestine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E47FFF0FF42F921B61E108F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E79FFF0FF42FA4CB1B5149F.text	3874162A7E79FFF0FF42FA4CB1B5149F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calomyscus tsolovi Peshev 1991	<div><p>12. Syrian Brush-tailed Mouse (Tsolov’s Mouse-like Hamster),  Calomyscus tsolovi Peshev, 1991</p><p>(IUCN Red List: DD)</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the villages of Tafas and Hammer in the Daraa District, southwestern region (Peshev 1989, 1991) (Fig. 17).</p><p>Remarks: Earlier on reported as a subspecies of  Calomyscus bailwardi Thomas, 1905 . Known only from 14 museum vouchers which constitute the type series. We attempted to trace these vouchers, but none could be retrieved in the National Museum of Natural History and Faculty of Biology at the University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’ (both in Sofia, Bulgaria). A single skull from the type series is kept in the collections of the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt a. M., Germany (B. Kryštufek, unpublished data).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E79FFF0FF42FA4CB1B5149F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E79FFF0FF42FCF4B187172B.text	3874162A7E79FFF0FF42FCF4B187172B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jaculus (Jaculus) loftusi (Blanford 1875)	<div><p>11. Arabian Jerboa,  Jaculus (Jaculus) loftusi (Blanford, 1875)</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  J. l. syrius Thomas, 1922, was described from Al-Qaryatein.  J. l. vocator Thomas, 1921 was reported from central Negev and Arabia (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991; Mendelssohen &amp; Yom-Tov 1999) hence it is possibly present also in Syria.</p><p>Distribution: Abundant in arid and semi-arid steppes of Al-Badia (Fig. 16).</p><p>Previous records: Al-Qaryatein (Thomas 1922), the northern Syrian Desert (Aharoni 1930), Deir ez-Zor (Atallah 1978), Palmyra (Harrison 1972), 100 km east of Damascus (Nadachowski et al. 1990), arid steppes of Al-Badia (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991), Dura Europus, Qal’at er-Rahba, 12 km south of ar-Raqqa (Shehab et al. 2004), around Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b), Jabal Al-Bishri and Al-Badia south of Deir ez-Zor (Aidek 2010) and Mhassa (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Recent records: Al- Bolaiyah, 10 km south of ar-Raqqa, ar-Rasafah, Jabal Al-Bishri, ad-Dukhoul steppe, as-Sarayim, around Palmyra, Al-Qaryatein, an-Nasriyeh, az-Zimlah, Feidhat Ibn Muwyin’e, as-Sab’a Biar, ach-Chola, and Kabajep (2006–2023).</p><p>Remarks: This species was previously classified as the Lesser Egyptian Jerboa  Jaculus jaculus by earlier authors, but it has been split into three cryptic species (Michaux &amp; Shenbrot 2017). Jerboas from Palmyra show the mitochondrial makeup of  J. loftusi (B. Kryštufek, unpublished data).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E79FFF0FF42FCF4B187172B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E7BFFF2FF42FF50B76910FB.text	3874162A7E7BFFF2FF42FF50B76910FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arvicola persicus Filippi 1865	<div><p>13. Persian Water Vole,  Arvicola persicus Filippi, 1865</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  A. p. hintoni (Aharoni, 1932) .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain but the species is probably rare; confined to the coastal region and Sahl Al-Ghab (Fig. 18).</p><p>Previous records: According to Bodenheimer (1958) and Aharoni (1930) recorded as common near Banias (Baniyas) (see Harrison &amp; Bates 1991). The only new records were from Jub Al-Ghar village, 4 km northeast of Slenfeh (Shehab et al. 2006a).</p><p>Remarks: Recently, Mahmoudi et al. (2020) showed that water voles from the Hyrcanian refugium in Iran are specifically distinct from  A. amphibius and classified them as  A. persicus . The geographic scope of  A. persicus is not yet defined, but Maul et al. (2020) classified water voles from Hatay and Palestine as  A. persicus . The molecular make-up of Syrian water voles is still not known, although this would be an essential piece of information in establishing their actual taxonomic position. Earlier authors reported water voles from Syria as  A. terrestris or  A. amphibius and were frequently classified as subspecies hintoni (Aharoni, 1932).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E7BFFF2FF42FF50B76910FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E7BFFF5FF42F969B73713F7.text	3874162A7E7BFFF5FF42F969B73713F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chionomys (Hypudaeus) syriacus (Brants 1827)	<div><p>14. European Snow Vole,  Chionomys (Hypudaeus) syriacus (Brants, 1827)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: Aharoni (1932) recognized two subspecies:  C. s. hermonis (Miller, 1908) (southwestern region and Palestine) and  C. s. pontius (Miller, 1908) . A specimen obtained from the southwestern region was assigned to  C. s. hermonis, which occurs in Palestine, and another specimen obtained from Kafroun was assigned to  C. s. pontius, which occurs in Turkey (Aharoni 1932).</p><p>Distribution: Sporadic and uncommon; confined to the coastal and southwestern regions (Fig. 19).</p><p>Previous records: Mount Hermon (Tristram 1888), Kafrun (Kafroun) (Aharoni 1932), Mesiaf (Shehab 2002), Abu Qubays (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a), and Ain Arab, Tar Sali, and Al-Mahbat (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Recent record: 5 km north of Halbon (2020).</p><p>Remarks: Previously known as  C. nivalis (Martins, 1842) .  Hypudaeus syriacus Brants, 1827, which had been synonymized with  Microtus socialis (Pallas, 1773) (Musser &amp; Carleton 2005), is identical to the European snow vole (Kryštufek et al. 2021). Referring to the principle of priority, the valid name combination for the European snow vole would therefore be  Chionomys syriacus (Brants, 1827), which predates  C. nivalis (Martins, 1842) by 15 years. However, a strict adherence to the priority rule would destabilize the nomenclature and the case has been submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) with a request to use its plenary power and protect  Arvicola nivalis Martins (Kryštufek et al. 2021; Kryštufek &amp; Shenbrot 2022). Regardless of this,  syriacus Brants is a senior synonym of hermonis Miller, 1908 from Mount Hermon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E7BFFF5FF42F969B73713F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E7CFFF5FF42FA6DB291150B.text	3874162A7E7CFFF5FF42FA6DB291150B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microtus Schrank 1798	<div><p>Genus  Microtus</p><p>Remarks:  Microtus is the most speciose genus of voles but is represented in Syria only by social voles ( socialis species group). The group consists of several morphologically cryptic species. Taxonomy stabilized only in the last decade after molecular markers were utilized in the analyses. Earlier identifications are therefore not reliable. The following names have been used in the past for Syrian social voles:  Microtus guentheri,  M. irani,  M. socialis,  M. philistinus and  M. socialis syriacus .  Microtus socialis is probably not present S of Turkey and M. s.  syriacus is the oldest name for  Chionomys nivalis (see above under that species).  Microtus philistinus Thomas, 1917 is a synonym of  M. guentheri . Presence of  M. guentheri in Syria was demonstrated by molecular markers (Jaarola et al. 2004; Kryštufek et al. 2009). Further two species are almost certainly present:  M. irani and  M. dogramacii . So far, voles which differ from  M. guentheri were classified as  M. irani, but this needs confirmation by molecular markers. The  Microtus group needs more studies to decide on present species. Mahmoudi et al. (2022) split  Microtus irani into  M. irani sensu stricto and  M. schidlovskii; the latter is present in Syria. This is now mentioned. Because the divergence between  irani and  schidlovskii is in a grey zone of overlap between inter- and intraspecific distances, we prefer to continue with the name  irani .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E7CFFF5FF42FA6DB291150B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E7DFFF4FF42FF7CB02F1067.text	3874162A7E7DFFF4FF42FF7CB02F1067.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microtus (Sumeriomys) guentheri (Danford & Alston 1880)	<div><p>15. Guenther’s Vole,  Microtus (Sumeriomys) guentheri (Danford &amp; Alston, 1880)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: M. g.  philistinus Thomas, 1917 .</p><p>Distribution: Common with a wide distribution from western Mesopotamia, Aleppo towards the western coastal region, Orontes Basin, and to the southwestern extremity; avoids arid and semi-arid areas (Fig. 20).</p><p>Previous records: Reported by Thomas (1917) as  M. philistinus, which is a junior synonym of  guentheri (type specimen seen). Previous records were in the past classified as  M. socialis (see Brito et al. 2022) but now is probably referable to  M. guentheri . Further probable records: Azaz (Aharoni 1932; Neuhäuser 1936; Harrison 1972), Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957; Harrison 1972), Qal’at Al-Hosson (Nadachowski et al. 1990), Tell Mardiekh, Athar Ma’ez, Qal’at Al-Hosson (Shehab et al. 2004), ar-Rabi’ah (RabiТah) (Kryštufek et al. 2009), Qattinah (Zima et al. 2013), Ain Arab, ash-Shajara, Jwileen Dam, Darkhabiyeh, Khrab Al Shaham, Muzirib, Serghaya, Karahta, Kharabow, ash-Sheikh Miskeen, Ebtaa, Tafas, and Jilleen (Shehab et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E7DFFF4FF42FF7CB02F1067	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E7DFFF4FF42F9FDB67F1577.text	3874162A7E7DFFF4FF42F9FDB67F1577.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microtus (Sumeriomys) irani Thomas 1921	<div><p>16. Iranian Vole,  Microtus (Sumeriomys) irani Thomas, 1921</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies: The Syrian population is probably assignable to  M. i. bateae Kretzoi, 1962; see Kryštufek &amp; Shenbrot (2022) for its scope. Note that Mahmoudi et al. (2022) split  M. irani into two species:  M. irani sensu stricto (restricted to the Zagros Mts. of western Iran) and  M. schidlovskii Argyropulo, 1933, which is classified as subspecies of  M. irani in Kryštufek &amp; Shenbrot (2022).</p><p>Distribution: We tentatively report the Iranian vole for Tell Abiad (Kock et al. 1972) and Orontes Basin to the north of Lake Homs dam (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), and from Hamah (Kryštufek &amp; Kefelioğlu 2001) (Fig. 21).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E7DFFF4FF42F9FDB67F1577	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E7DFFF6FF42F8DDB0CF131B.text	3874162A7E7DFFF6FF42F8DDB0CF131B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microtus (Sumeriomys) socialis (Pallas 1773) Musser & Carleton 2005	<div><p>17. Social Vole,  Microtus (Sumeriomys) socialis (Pallas, 1773)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>The following records were in the past classified as  M. socialis (see Brito et al. 2022) but the majority of them are probably referable to  M. irani .</p><p>Distribution: Common in the plains, foothills and steppes of northern and southwestern Syria (Fig. 22).</p><p>Reported from desert of Sahara plains north of Damascus (Tristram 1866, 1888), deserts south of Damascus (Bodenheimer 1920), Aleppo (Atallah 1978), between Sheizar and Mhardeh (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), Busra, Deir Khabeih Qal’at Al-Hosson, Qal’at Sheizar, Qal’at Samaan, Tell Mardiekh, Tell Ma’ez, Jarablus, Qal’at Al-Madiq (Shehab et al. 2000), Hamah (Kryštufek &amp; Kefelioglu 2001), Tell Mardiekh, Athar Ma’ez, Shah Ranaz, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Deir Khabiah, el-Ukershe (Shehab et al. 2004), Muzirib, Khrab Al Shaham, Kharabow (Shehab 2005), Jub Al-Ghar (Shehab et al. 2006a), and Yahmool (Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E7DFFF6FF42F8DDB0CF131B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E7FFFF6FF42FE78B2A510FB.text	3874162A7E7FFFF6FF42FE78B2A510FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse 1839)	<div><p>18. Golden Hamster,  Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse, 1839)</p><p>(Fig. 23)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: EN)</p><p>Distribution: Extends from Aleppo plateau to the southern steppes to the east of Homs (Fig. 24).</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo (Waterhouse 1839; Nehring 1902; Aharoni 1932; Reynolds 1954; Kumerloeve 1975; Murphy 1985), Biliramun and Azaz (Aharoni 1932), Jarablus, Arnaz, and Sheikh-Rieh (Gattermann et al. 2001), and Yahmool and Tell Mardiekh (Shehab et al. 1999, 2004; Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006). The first record out of the Aleppo plateau was made in Burqan north of Salamiyah near Al-Badia, 150 km to the south of the known southern extent (Aidek &amp; Amr 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E7FFFF6FF42FE78B2A510FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FD80B2C21603.text	3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FD80B2C21603.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acomys (Acomys) russatus (Wagner 1840)	<div><p>20. Golden Spiny Mouse,  Acomys (Acomys) russatus (Wagner, 1840)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  A. r. lewisi Atallah, 1967 .</p><p>Distribution: Terraces of black lava rocks in the southwest region (Fig. 26).</p><p>Previous records: Al-Bargasha and Sakra (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks: Burgin et al. (2020) synonymized lewisi with the nominal subspecies, quoting Qumsiyeh et al. (1986). This reference claims that  russatus and  lewisi are conspecific but not con-subspecific. Later on, Qumsiyeh (1996) quoted  A. russatus lewisi as a valid subspecies, which is extremely distinctive being melanistic and isolated in the hamad and lava rocks.</p><p>Acomys dimidiatus is listed for Syria by Musser &amp; Carleton (2005) and Cassola (2016) but with no details. On the other hand,  dimidiatus was not mapped for the country by Map of Life (MOL: https://mol.org/species/  Acomys_ dimidiatus) and Al-Jumaily (1998) explicitly denied its presence in Syria. Similarly, Bates (1994) in his thorough compilation of locality records of spiny mice, stated for  A. cahirinus (with  dimidiatus as a junior synonym) “no exact locality” in Syria. The species is listed from Syria by VertNet (2023); however, our investigation revealed that those specimens were obtained from Wady Kerak, Dead Sea in Jordan. We were unable to confirm the occurrence of  A. dimidiatus in Syria.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FD80B2C21603	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FAB4B29A1533.text	3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FAB4B29A1533.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerbillus (Dipodillus) dasyurus (Wagner 1842)	<div><p>22. Wagner’s Gerbil,  Gerbillus (Dipodillus) dasyurus (Wagner, 1842)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  G. d. palmyrae Lehmann, 1966,  G. d. leosollicitus Lehmann, 1966 and  G. d. dasyroides (Nehring, 1901) .</p><p>Distribution: Common to semi-arid steppes and plains. It was recorded in rocky areas, open plains, and on banks of the Barada River (Fig. 28).</p><p>Previous records: Vicinity of Aleppo, Deir Al-Hajar, and Palmyra (Lehmann 1966; Kumerloeve 1975), southeast steppe (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991), and Karahta, Ain Arab, and Sakra (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Recent record: Adra (2020).</p><p>Remarks: The name used by earlier authors was  Dipodillus (Petteromys) dasyurus (Wagner, 1842) . Several subspecies were recognized in the past:  G. d. palmyrae Lehmann, 1966 described from Palmyra,  G. d. leosollicitus Lehmann, 1966 from Deir Al-Hajar near Damascus and the vicinity of Aleppo (Lehmann 1966), and  G. d. dasyroides (Nehring, 1901) from the southeastern steppes. Colour of the dorsal pelage varies in a mosaic manner, matching soil colour and other environmental factors (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991). However, Burgin et al. (2020) reported Wagner’s gerbil as a monotypic species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FAB4B29A1533	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FB40B0DA174F.text	3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FB40B0DA174F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerbillus (Gerbillus) cheesmani Thomas 1919	<div><p>21. Cheesman’s Gerbil,  Gerbillus (Gerbillus) cheesmani Thomas, 1919</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  G. c. arduus Cheesman &amp; Hinton, 1924 .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain but apparently rare; confined to arid areas in Al-Badia (Fig. 27).</p><p>Previous records: From 30 km to the east of as-Sukhnah (Kock 1998).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FB40B0DA174F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FF7CB2E31067.text	3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FF7CB2E31067.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nothocricetulus migratorius (Pallas 1773)	<div><p>19. Gray Dwarf Hamster,  Nothocricetulus migratorius (Pallas, 1773)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  N. m. phaeus (Pallas, 1779); cinerascens (Wagner, 1848) is a synonym.</p><p>Distribution: Common and widely spread in rocky habitats covered by grasslands; avoids arid and semi-arid areas (Fig. 25).</p><p>Previous records: Hamah (Aharoni 1932), Qal’at Al-Hosson (Pradel 1981; Nadachowski et al. 1990), Mount Hermon (Yom-Tov 1988; Filippucci et al. 1989), Aleppo, Hamah, and Al-Qaryatein (Harrison 1972), between Mhardeh-Shaizar and ar- Rasafah (Shehab et al. 2004), Mzeirib and Khrab Al-Shaham (Shehab 2005), Khrab Al-Shaham, Serghaya, Muzirib, Daraa Dam, Kharabow, Busra, Karahta, ash-Sheikh Miskeen and Tafas (Shehab et al. 2018), and Yahmool (Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006).</p><p>Remarks:The genus name used by earlier authors was  Cricetulus,moved now to the recently described  Nothocricetulus (Lebedev et al. 2018) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E71FFF8FF42FF7CB2E31067	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FF7CB7C91363.text	3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FF7CB7C91363.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerbillus (Hendecapleura) henleyi (de Winton 1903)	<div><p>23. Pygmy Gerbil,  Gerbillus (Hendecapleura) henleyi (de Winton, 1903)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  G. h. mariae (Bonhote, 1910) .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain but apparently rare; confined to arid and semi-arid steppe (Fig. 29).</p><p>Previous records: Halebiyye, ar-Rasafah, and 70 km to the northwest of at-Tanaf (Kock 1998).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FF7CB7C91363	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FEA0B7CA13AF.text	3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FEA0B7CA13AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerbillus (Hendecapleura) mesopotamiae (Harrison 1956)	<div><p>24. Mesopotamian Gerbil,  Gerbillus (Hendecapleura) mesopotamiae (Harrison, 1956)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon but widely distributed along the Euphrates Valley and in Mesopotamia (Fig. 30).</p><p>Previous records: Tell Al-Buderi, Tell Sheikh Hamad, es- Salihiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba, Halabiyyeh, Katir Magara, Kasret Muhammed Ali, and el- Ukersheh (Kock 1998), and el- Ukersheh (Shehab et al. 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FEA0B7CA13AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FE14B1F410B3.text	3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FE14B1F410B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meriones (Pallasiomys) crassus Sundevall 1842	<div><p>25. Sundevall’s Jird,  Meriones (Pallasiomys) crassus Sundevall, 1842</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. c. charon Thomas, 1919 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon but has a wide distribution along the Euphrates Valley and Mesopotamia (Fig. 31).</p><p>Previous records: Bir Umm Uqairiba (Kock et al. 1994), es-Salihiyye, Kal’at er-Rahba, Tell Sheikh Hamad, Tell Al-Buderi and 8 km west of Lake Al-Khatuniyah (Buhayrat Al Khatuniyah), Halabiyyeh and Katir Magara (Kock 1998), and ar- Rasafah (Shehab et al. 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FE14B1F410B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FD10B12E16DF.text	3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FD10B12E16DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meriones (Pallasiomys) libycus Lichtenstein 1823	<div><p>26. Libyan Jird,  Meriones (Pallasiomys) libycus Lichtenstein, 1823</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. l. erythrourus (Gray, 1842) and  M. l. syrius Thomas, 1919 .</p><p>Distribution: Common with a wide range; restricted to arid and semi-arid areas (Fig. 32).</p><p>Previous records: Deir ez-Zor (Aharoni 1932), vicinity of Tall Abiad (Misonne 1957), Al-Qaryatein, Khan Abou Chamate, and the vicinity of Palmyra (Harrison 1972), Talila Reserve to the northeast of Palmyra (Habibi 1998), ar- Rasafah (Shehab et al. 2004), 90 km east of Damascus along the highway to Palmyra, south of an-Nasiriyah, and Mhassa near Al-Qaryatein (Mamkhair et al. 2007), vicinity of Palmyra (Serra 2002; Serra et al. 2009a, b), and Dumair (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks:  Meriones l. erythrourus (Gray, 1842) is reported from the eastern parts of the Euphrates Valley;  M. l. syrius Thomas, 1919, which was first described from Al-Qaryatein (Harrison &amp; Bates1991), is confined to the western parts of the Euphrates Valley. However, based on the phylogeographic study carried out by Dianat et al. (2019), only  M. l. syrius occurs in Syria.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FD10B12E16DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FB24B1CA1557.text	3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FB24B1CA1557.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meriones (Pallasiomys) tristrami Thomas 1892	<div><p>27. Tristram’s Jird,  Meriones (Pallasiomys) tristrami Thomas, 1892</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. t. bodenheimeri Aharoni, 1932,  M. t. kariateni Aharoni, 1932 and  M. t. lycaon Thomas, 1919 .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant with a wide distribution in all suitable habitats throughout Syria from Mesopotamian, along the Euphrates Valley, Al-Badia and steppes, Aleppo, around Damascus, Sahl Al-Ghab, coastal region, and Mount Hermon (Fig. 33).</p><p>Previous records: Azaz and Biliramun (Aharoni 1932), southwest Tell Abiad and Khneiz (Misonne 1957), Jarablus and north of Latakia (Lehmann 1966), Palmyra, Zalabiyyeh and Qal’at er-Rahba (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), Qal’at Al-Hosson and 26 km north of Tartous (Nadachowski et al. 1990), Tell Sheikh Hamad (Kock et al. 1994), Tell Al-Buderi, Halabiyyeh, ar- Rasafah, Katir Magara, el-Ukershe and Kasret Muhammed Ali (Kock 1998), Busra, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Deir Khabiah, Qal’at Sheizar, Hamra, Qal’at Ja’abar, Heraqla, ar- Rasafah, Kasret Muhammed Ali, el-Ukershe, Heraqla, Al-Qaryatein, Muzirib, Khrab Al-Shaham, Yahmool, Kharabow and Ain Arab (Shehab 2004 a, 2005; Shehab et al 2004, 2018; Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006), Talila (Serra et al. 2009a, b), and Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009c).</p><p>Recent records: Jeiroud (2021) and Tell Hidiah (2022).</p><p>Remarks:  Meriones t. bodenheimeri is confined to western Syria,  M. t. kariateni confined to Al-Badia and arid steppes, while  M. t. lycaon is native to the northern regions (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991). However, the species is referred to as monotypic by Burgin et al. (2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E73FFFAFF42FB24B1CA1557	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E77FFFEFF42FB71B6EE175C.text	3874162A7E77FFFEFF42FB71B6EE175C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meriones (Pallasiomys) vinogradovi Heptner 1931	<div><p>28. Vinogradov’s Jird,  Meriones (Pallasiomys) vinogradovi Heptner, 1931</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Rare (Fig. 34).</p><p>Previous records: Confined to northern Syria between Tell Abiad-Khneiz River and Ain Al-Arous (Misonne 1957).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E77FFFEFF42FB71B6EE175C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E77FFFEFF42FAA5B6631784.text	3874162A7E77FFFEFF42FAA5B6631784.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar 1828	<div><p>29. Fat Sand Rat,  Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar, 1828</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  P. o. terraesanctae Thomas, 1902 .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain but apparently rare. Recorded in southwest of Al-Badia and the foothill range of Lebanon mountains (Fig. 35).</p><p>Previous records: Al-Nabk (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991) and Al-Qaryatein (Aharoni 1932; Shehab 2004a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E77FFFEFF42FAA5B6631784	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E77FFFEFF42F9CDB3AC1540.text	3874162A7E77FFFEFF42F9CDB3AC1540.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tatera indica (Hardwicke 1807)	<div><p>30. Indian Gerbil,  Tatera indica (Hardwicke, 1807)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  T. i. taeniurus (Wagner, 1843) .</p><p>Distribution: Common with a wide distribution along the Euphrates Valley and across Mesopotamia. (Fig. 36)</p><p>Previous records: Sheikh Hassan and Al-Ghazili (Misonne 1957), Qal’at er-Rahba (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), Tell Al-Buderi, Tell Sheikh Hamad, es- Salihiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba, Halebiyye, Katir Magara, and el- Ukersheh (Kock 1998), Kasret Muhammed Ali and el-Ukershe (Shehab et al. 2004), Al-Hasakah area (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009c), Al-Safeh, Mabroukah, Beer Al-Hashem, Halabiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba, Ain Jum’aa, and es- Salihiyyeh (Shehab et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E77FFFEFF42F9CDB3AC1540	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E77FFE0FF42F881B76D176F.text	3874162A7E77FFE0FF42F881B76D176F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apodemus (Sylvaemus) flavicollis (Melchior 1834)	<div><p>31. Yellow-necked Field Mouse,  Apodemus (Sylvaemus) flavicollis (Melchior, 1834)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  A. f. pohlei Aharoni, 1932 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncertain status but apparently rare; reported from different habitats along the coastal region, Al-Badia and the southwestern region. (Fig. 37).</p><p>Previous records: Kafroun in the coastal region and Al-Qaryatein in Al-Badia (Aharoni 1932), and Jubata Forest (Jubata Al Khashab) in the southwestern region (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks: Harrison &amp; Bates (1991) mentioned that Aharoni (1932) described  Apodemus mystacinus from Kafroun, but, in fact, Aharoni described only  A. flavicollis from Kafroun in western Syria.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E77FFE0FF42F881B76D176F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E69FFE0FF42FAD5B0CD1498.text	3874162A7E69FFE0FF42FAD5B0CD1498.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apodemus (Sylvaemus) mystacinus (Danford & Alston 1877)	<div><p>32. Eastern Broad-toothed Field, Mouse  Apodemus (Sylvaemus) mystacinus (Danford &amp; Alston, 1877)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Distribution: Common and confined to the mountain foothills and wooded steppes of the coastal and southwestern regions. (Fig. 38)</p><p>Previous records: Mount Hermon (Allen 1915), Kafroun and Al-Qaryatein (Aharoni 1932), Qastal Maaf and Slenfeh (Lehmann 1965), Kasab (Lewis et al. 1967), Al-Karnah and Ain Arab (Shehab et al. 1999), Kharabow (Shehab 2005), Abu Qubays and Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b); Ain Arab, Al-Bargasha, Serghaya, Jubata Forest (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Recent record: Al-Kreem (2021).</p><p>Remarks: A craniometric study by Vohralík et al. (2002) retrieved poor support for the subspecific status of  A. mystacinus while a phylogeographic analysis inferred the occurrence of a single lineage in Syria, which is widespread across Anatolia, except for its southwestern parts (Michaux et al. 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E69FFE0FF42FAD5B0CD1498	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E69FFE0FF42F8F9B67315C3.text	3874162A7E69FFE0FF42F8F9B67315C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apodemus (Sylvaemus) witherbyi (Thomas 1902)	<div><p>33. Steppe Field Mouse,  Apodemus (Sylvaemus) witherbyi (Thomas, 1902)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Distribution: Uncertain status but apparently rare. Recorded from coastal region to Orontes Basin. (Fig. 39)</p><p>Previous records: Slenfeh and Kastel Maaf (Lehmann 1965), Kafaria and Jisr ech-Choghur (Shehab et al. 2018).</p><p>Remarks: In the past reported as  A. sylvaticus,  A. hermonensis or  A. iconicus (Heptner, 1948; Filippucci et al. 1996) according to skull characters; however, the nomenclature adopted here is based on Kryštufek (2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E69FFE0FF42F8F9B67315C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6BFFE2FF42FF7CB64E1363.text	3874162A7E6BFFE2FF42FF7CB64E1363.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mus (Mus) macedonicus Petrov & Ruzic 1983	<div><p>34. Macedonian Mouse,  Mus (Mus) macedonicus Petrov &amp; Ružić, 1983</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain, probably abundant, and widely distributed in rural areas, but does not occur close to human settlements (Fig. 40).</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991), Qater Maghara and el- Ukersheh (Shehab et al. 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6BFFE2FF42FF7CB64E1363	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6BFFE2FF42FAF1B0151577.text	3874162A7E6BFFE2FF42FAF1B0151577.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mus (Mus) musculus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>35. House Mouse,  Mus (Mus) musculus Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. m. domesticus (Schwarz &amp; Schwarz, 1943) and  M. m. praetextus (Brants, 1827)</p><p>Distribution: Abundant with an extremely wide range in almost all habitats near human settlements across the country (Fig. 41).</p><p>Previous records: Damascus, Al-Qaryatein, Kafroun and Biliramun (Aharoni 1932), Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957), Tell Sheikh Hamad and Wadi Al-Ajij (Kock et al. 1994), Tell Mardiekh (Shehab et al. 1999), Busra, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Deir Khabiah, Qal’at Sheizar, Qal’at Al-Madiq, Al-Hamra, Qal’at Ja’abar, ar- Rasafah, Kasret Muhammed Ali, el-Ukersheh, Heraql, Palmyra, Halabiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba and es-Salihiyye (Shehab et al. 2004), Qaryatein (Shehab 2004a), Al-Mozirieb, Khrab Al-Shaham and Kharabow (Shehab 2005), Jub Al-Ghar (Shehab et al. 2006a), Yahmool (Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006), Serghaya, Kharabow (Shehab et al. 2018), Al-Furunlok, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009b, c).</p><p>Recent records: Jaramana, Hasia, Tell Shhab (2021).</p><p>Remarks: In the past, the Syrian populations were classified as  M. m. domesticus (Schwarz &amp; Schwarz, 1943) and M. m. praetextus (Brants, 1827), the latter described from Syria.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6BFFE2FF42FAF1B0151577	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6BFFE4FF42F8DDB17C131B.text	3874162A7E6BFFE4FF42F8DDB17C131B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesokia indica (Gray 1830)	<div><p>36. Short-tailed Nesokia,  Nesokia indica (Gray, 1830)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  N. i. bacheri Nehring, 1897 and  N. i. myosura (Wagner, 1845) .</p><p>Distribution: Common with a wide distribution along the Euphrates Valley and in Mesopotamia. (Fig. 42)</p><p>Previous records: Sheikh Hassan (Misonne 1957), Qal’at er-Rahba and Tell Abu Hurera, west bank of Lake Assad, 5 km north of Tabqah (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), es- Salihiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba, Tell Al Buderi, Qater Maghara, Halabiyyeh, and el- Ukersheh (Shehab et al. 2004) and Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009c).</p><p>Remarks: The subspecies  N. i. bacheri Nehring, 1897 was reported from Tell Abu Hurera (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), and  N.i. myosura (Wagner, 1845) from Sheikh Hassan (Misonne 1957). The ranges of these subspecies are geographically separated by the Euphrates River.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6BFFE4FF42F8DDB17C131B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6DFFE6FF42FBFEB3931680.text	3874162A7E6DFFE6FF42FBFEB3931680.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nannospalax (Nannospalax) ehrenbergi (Nehring 1898)	<div><p>39. Middle East Blind Mole Rat,  Nannospalax (Nannospalax) ehrenbergi (Nehring, 1898)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: DD)</p><p>Distribution: Common and widespread in steppic vegetation. Harrison &amp; Bates (1991) indicated that the vicinity of Palmyra probably represents the limit of the penetration of the species into the Syrian Desert, but the range extends to the southwestern regions (Fig. 45).</p><p>Previous records: Syria (Trouessart &amp; Kollman 1923), around Tell Abiad and in Ain Al-Arous (Misonne 1957), Qal’at Al-Hosson (Nadachowski et al. 1990), Ras Al-Ayn (north of Al Hasaka) (Lehmann 1965), Tell Al-Buderi (Shehab et al. 2004), Sahnaya, Rakhla, Ain Thakar, Al-Amronya, Al-Qaq’iah, Qastal Maaf, Zeghreen, Kafr Daryian, Darat Izza, Qal’at Samaan, Al-Mihnaya, Al-Swydah and Al-Mahrousa (Shehab 2004b), Khrab Al-Shaham (Shehab 2005), Yahmool (Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006), Al-Furunlok, Abu Qubays and Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b, c).</p><p>Recent records: Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, N of Al Hasaka, Jabal Al-Bishri, and vicinity of ar-Raqqa (2006–2010), Tseil (2009), Al-Haffah, aj- Joziyah, vicinity of Mesiaf; south of Aleppo, Salamiyah, Sinjwan, B’eit, Qbaybat, Wadi Qandil, Slouq, Halbon and Al- Msherfeh (2021).</p><p>Remarks: A cluster of cryptic species (Kryštufek et al. 2011; Hadid et al. 2012; Al-Sheikhly et al. 2015). At its present scope,  N. ehrenbergi is chromosomally polymorphic with 20 cytotypes described to date (Arslan et al. 2016). One of these chromosomal races (the Golani cytotype; 2n=54, NFa=78, NF=82) is present in the Golan Height, and further three cytotypes occur in the immediate vicinity of this area, hence their presence in Syria is likely: the Galili cytotype (2n=52, NFa=80, NF=84; present in the Upper Galilee mountains), the Carmeli cytotype (2n=58, NFa=72, NF=76; present in Samaria and Judea, the Jordan valley, and Northern Negev), and the Irbid cytotype (2n=60, NFa=74, NF=78; present to the south-east of Amman). Five cytotypes were retrieved from southern Turkey in close proximity to Syrian territory: the Yayladağ cytotype (2n=48, NFa=69–70, NF=73–74; range is in southern-most Hatay), the Intermedius cytotype (2n=52, NFa=70, NF=74; occupies Hatay and SE Anatolia), the Elazığ cytotype (2n=52, NFa=72, NF=76; present all along the Syrian–Turkish bodrer eastward of the Euphrates River and in Mosul, Iraq), the Şanlıurfa cytotype (2n=52, NFa=76–78, NF=80–82; occupies the vicinity of Şanlıurfa), and the Suruç cytotype (2n=54, NFa=72, NF=76; occupies small range between the Şanlıurfa and the Elazığ cytotypes) (Arslan et al. 2016). Mole rats from Mosul Province (Nineveh, Iraq) belong to Elazığ cytotype (CoŞkun et al. 2012). Because chromosomal races frequently occupy small ranges, one may safely predict that karyotyping to the east of the Tigris River will reveal further chromosomal diversity in this variable group. The Middle East blind mole rat is better regarded as a species complex comprising several biological species (Hadid et al. 2012; Al-Sheikhly et al. 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6DFFE6FF42FBFEB3931680	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6DFFE4FF42FE78B0D510FB.text	3874162A7E6DFFE4FF42FE78B0D510FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769)	<div><p>37. Brown Rat,  Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. n. norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) .</p><p>Distribution: Despite the occurrence of a few records only, this invasive species seems to be abundant with an extremely wide range in almost all habitats (also human settlements) across the country. (Fig. 43)</p><p>Previous records: Damascus (Trouessart &amp; Kollmann 1923), Kharabow (Shehab 2005), Yahmool (Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006).</p><p>Recent records: Deir ez-Zor, Mheimideh (2009), Al-Kadmous (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6DFFE4FF42FE78B0D510FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6DFFE4FF42FD58B7F711B7.text	3874162A7E6DFFE4FF42FD58B7F711B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>38. Roof Rat,  Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. r. rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant with an extremely wide distribution in almost all habitats in human settlements across the country (Fig. 44).</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo (Russell 1756), Damascus and Hamah (Aharoni 1932), Qal’at Al-Hosson (Nadachowski et al. 1990), Kafaria, Jisr ech-Choghur, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Hamra, Shah Ranaz (Shehab et al. 2004), Al-Furunlok, Abu Qubays, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b, c).</p><p>Recent records: Aleppo, Damascus, Hasaka, Jaramana, Qatana, and Sweida (2020–2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6DFFE4FF42FD58B7F711B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6FFFE6FF42FA99B7F214AC.text	3874162A7E6FFFE6FF42FA99B7F214AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erinaceus concolor Martin 1837	<div><p>40. Southern White-Breasted Hedgehog,  Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1837</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  E. c. concolor Martin, 1837 .</p><p>Distribution: Common, with a wide distribution from the northwest of Mesopotamia towards the coastal mountainous region in the west and Sahl Al-Ghab to the southwestern region (Fig. 46).</p><p>Previous records: Damascus (Trouessart &amp; Kollman 1923), west of Safita (Lehmann 1965), around Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957), Manbij, Ras Al-Baseet, 10 km north of Jabla, 10 km southeast of Safita, Talkalakh, Qattinah, Yabroud and Maalula (Benda &amp; Obuch 2001), around Daraa (Al-Hussein 2013).</p><p>Recent records:Al-Furunlok, Al-Kadmous (2008), Al-Qteilbiyeh, Rowaisat Al-Hersh, Jaddu’ah, Al-Quneitra, Jabla, Al- Ennabiyah, Mdyra, Halbon, Al-Furuklus,Al-Khraibe,Al-Lajat, Mare’, Jiplaya, Shamseen, Deir Al-Hajar, Bustan Alhamam, Basramoun, Al-Uras, ash-Sheikh Badr, Wadi Qandil, and Jandar (2020–2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6FFFE6FF42FA99B7F214AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E6FFFE8FF42F915B7FC10D7.text	3874162A7E6FFFE8FF42F915B7FC10D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin 1770)	<div><p>41. Common Long-eared Hedgehog,  Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin, 1770)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  H. a. syraicus (Wood, 1876),  H. a. calligoni (Satunin, 1901) .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant, with a wide distribution along the rivers in Mesopotamia; Al-Badia, semi-arid and arid regions, the southern region and Mount Hermons, very rare in the wooded mountains of the coastal region (Fig. 47).</p><p>Previous records: Jeiroud, Al-Utaybah, Aleppo, Palmyra, Al-Qaryatein, Damascus, Deir ez-Zor, Tell Sheikh Hamad, Ma’raba (Daraa), Saida, Nawa, Qatana, at-Tawani, Al-Qtaifeh, an-Nasriyeh, Yabroud, Hawarin, Qasr Al-Hayr Al-Gharbi, Jabal Abu Rejmein, Kabajep, ach-Chola, Halabiyyeh, Teshreen, es-Salihiyyeh, Abu Kamal, Dgheirat, Khashuqa, Tell Brak, Khazneh Kabireh, Khneiz, ar- Rasafah, Qal’at Ja’abar, Karak, Al-Mansurah, Tell Ahmar, Idleb, Al- Amqyieh, Hamra, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Trouessart &amp; Kollman 1923; Harrison 1964, 1972; Lehmann 1966; Spitzenberger 1978; Kock et al. 1994; Benda &amp; Obuch 2001; Shehab 2004a; Serra et al. 2009a, b; Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009c), along the Euphrates Valley, steppes south of Deir ez-Zor, and ar-Raqqa (Aidek 2010).</p><p>Recent records: Abu Kamal, Al-Sh’afa, Hajeen, Abu Hardoub, Sbeikhan, Al-Kishkie, Al-Ashara, Al-Qouriyah, at-Taiana, Theiban, Al-Mayadin, Buqruss, Al-Bseireh, Al-Boliel, Muhasan, Al-Mri’iyah, Hatla, Ayyash, Mheimideh, Al-Shmeitiyeh, Al-Kasra, Al-Qsupy, Maadan, northeast of ar-Raqqa, east of Jarablus, as-Suwar, Marqada, ar-Rawda steppe, north of Al-Khatuniyah, west of ash-Shaddady, ad-Dukhoul, Al-Bolayiah, Al-Hjeifat steppe, Al-Khraiteh, ar-Rasafeh, as-Sarayim, as-Sukhnah, Atheria, az-Zimlah, Deir Sawwan, Dumair, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, Jabal Al-Bishri, Khadhra Almay, Mueileh, vicinity of Palmyra, Al-Qaryatein, vicinity of Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Mabroukah, Slouq, Sakra, Al-Mazzeh (Damascus), Al-Furuklus, Al-Qamishli, Salamiyah, as-Sanamain, Hafeir Tahta, Sadad, Al-Miselmiyeh, Khan as-Supul, Qubbat Al-kordi, Al-Qastal, and Al-Mqilibe (2006–2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E6FFFE8FF42F915B7FC10D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E61FFE8FF42F9DCB60015A3.text	3874162A7E61FFE8FF42F9DCB60015A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocidura gueldenstaedtii (Pallas 1811)	<div><p>45. Güldenstädt’s White-toothed Shrew,  Crocidura gueldenstaedtii (Pallas, 1811)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  C. g. monacha Thomas, 1906 .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant with a wide distribution from Mesopotamia, Aleppo, along the coastal region, Orontes Basin, towards southwestern region (Fig. 51).</p><p>Previous records: Al-Furunlok and Qastal Maaf (Lehmann 1965), Maquam Assayed, Qastal Maaf, Rabi’ah, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Homs, 25 km to the northwest of Aleppo, Jarablus, ar-Raqqa, Qanawat-Houran Mount, and Tell Al-Buderi (Hutterer &amp; Kock 2002), Al-Mozirieb and Kharabow (Shehab 2005), and Yahmool (Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006).</p><p>Recent record: Shamseen (2021).</p><p>Remarks: Until recently this species was classified as  C. suaveolens (Bannikova et al., 2001) . There were significant changes in both the taxonomic status of the taxa and their distribution (see Hutterer 1993) supported by phylogenetic research on the Palaearctic White-toothed shrews ( suaveolens sp. group) (Bannikova et al. 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E61FFE8FF42F9DCB60015A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FB88B23E1773.text	3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FB88B23E1773.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocidura katinka Bate 1937	<div><p>43. Katinka’s White-toothed Shrew,  Crocidura katinka Bate, 1937</p><p>(IUCN Red List: DD)</p><p>Distribution: A rare species, originally known from the Upper Pleistocene remains from the Tabun Cave (Palestine), but retrieved subsequently from owl pellets collected in Halabiyyeh and 2 km to the southwest of Qal’at Sukkara in Jebel Abd Al-Aziz (Hutterer &amp; Kock 2002). Presumably of a wider occurrence in Mesopotamia and the Euphrates Valley. (Fig. 49)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FB88B23E1773	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FAD0B1261477.text	3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FAD0B1261477.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocidura leucodon (Hermann 1780)	<div><p>44. Bicolored White-toothed Shrew,  Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  C. l. judaica Thomas, 1919 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncertain status but apparently rare (Fig. 50).</p><p>Previous records: Known largely from owl pellets collected from north of Idleb, Qal’at Al-Hosson, retrieved from several archaeological sites along the Syrian coast (Shehab 2002).</p><p>Recent record: ash-Sheikh Badr (2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FAD0B1261477	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FD3CB39311DB.text	3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FD3CB39311DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg 1832)	<div><p>42. Desert Hedgehog,  Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg, 1832)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  P. a. ludlowi Thomas, 1919 .</p><p>Distribution: Restricted to arid and semi-arid plains to the east and south of the Euphrates Valley, the central parts of Al-Badia. (Fig. 48)</p><p>Previous records: Katir Magara (Kock &amp; Ebenau 1996), Palmyra, ar- Rasafah, and Maadan (Benda &amp; Obuch 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FD3CB39311DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FC39B2CB164B.text	3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FC39B2CB164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Soricidae G. Fischer 1814	<div><p>Family:  Soricidae</p><p>Remarks:The current knowledge of distribution was interpreted cautiously for the two rarer shrew species ( Crocidura katinka and  C. leucodon).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E61FFE8FF42FC39B2CB164B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FB24B2F1179B.text	3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FB24B2F1179B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asellia tridens (Geoffroy 1813)	<div><p>49. Geoffroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat,  Asellia tridens (Geoffroy, 1813)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  A. t. murraiana Anderson, 1881 .</p><p>Distribution: Common in deserts, arid steppes and wadis of the Euphrates Valley, around Palmyra and in the southwestern region (Fig. 56).</p><p>Previous records: Palmyra (Atallah &amp; Harrison 1967), Halabiyyeh and Palmyra (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), Palmyra, Qater Maghara and ar-Raqqa (Ebenau 1996), es-Salihiyyeh, Halabiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba, Zalabiyyeh, Palmyra, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006), Al-Misrab, Qal’at Najim, Halabiyyeh, es-Salihiyyeh, and Qal’at er-Rahba (Shehab et al. 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FB24B2F1179B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E64FFEDFF42F9DCB70514C3.text	3874162A7E64FFEDFF42F9DCB70514C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophus blasii Peters 1866	<div><p>50. Blasius’s Horseshoe Bat,  Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1866</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. b. blasii Peters, 1866 .</p><p>Distribution: Rare; confined to wooded mountains of both western and coastal regions. (Fig. 57)</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo (von Wettstein 1913), Latakia and Jeiroud (Benda et al. 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E64FFEDFF42F9DCB70514C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FC8CB7291603.text	3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FC8CB7291603.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy 1810)	<div><p>48. Egyptian Rousette,  Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810)</p><p>(Fig. 54)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. a. aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810) .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; confined to various agricultural lands. Coastal region, Orontes Basin, Yarmuk Valley, and north of Aleppo (Fig. 55).</p><p>Previous records: Al Watta Cave (Frumkin 1988), Hamama (Shehab &amp; Mamkhair 2004), Tell Shhab, Qal’at al-Hosson, Odem Forest (Benda et al. 2006), Hamama (Shehab et al. 2007), Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009b), and Al-Dawwar Cave (Al-Ramadan et al. 2020).</p><p>Recent records: Al-Bahlouliyah (2018); Seifat, north of Aleppo, and Mashqita (2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FC8CB7291603	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FF7CB79313AF.text	3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FF7CB79313AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Suncus etruscus (Savi 1822)	<div><p>46. Etruscan Shrew,  Suncus etruscus (Savi, 1822)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  S. e. etruscus (Savi, 1822) .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant with a wide distribution in Mesopotamia, Aleppo along the coastal region, Orontes Basin, and towards the southwestern region (Fig. 52).</p><p>Previous records: ar-Raqqa (Ebenau1996), Qal’atAl-Hosson (Rzebik-Kowalska&amp; Nadachowski1978; Nadachowski et al. 1990), Mhardeh (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), Tell Sheikh Hamad (Krupp &amp; Schneider 1991; Kock et al. 1994), Yahmool (Shehab &amp; Charabi 2006), Serghaya, Al-Mozirieb, Ebla Citadel (Shehab 2002), and Qal’at Sukkara, Tell Al-Buderi, and es-Salihiyyeh (Hutterer &amp; Kock 2002).</p><p>Recent records: Fadrah, Deir Hbash, Salqeen (2020), az-Zabadani (2021), and Tell Hidiah (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FF7CB79313AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FDC8B61B108F.text	3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FDC8B61B108F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talpa davidiana (Milne-Edwards 1884)	<div><p>47. Père David’s Mole,  Talpa davidiana (Milne-Edwards, 1884)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: DD)</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain. Found in Barn Owl ( Tyto alba) pellets collected in a small cave below the castle ruins of Qal’at Salah ad-Din in Al-Shardoub Forest in western Syria on 30 June 1998 (Benda &amp; Obuch 2009) (Fig. 53).</p><p>Remarks: The Barn Owl  Tyto alba is a resident breeding species; the nesting period usually extends during summer in Syria. However, information on the species’ local migration is scarce as well as for other migratory owls.Although the owl pellets with  T. davidiana remains may originate from a migratory owl, further investigation is needed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E64FFEDFF42FDC8B61B108F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E64FF91FF42F900B13E1287.text	3874162A7E64FF91FF42F900B13E1287.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853	<div><p>51. Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat,  Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853</p><p>(IUCN Red List: NT)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain, apparently rare; few records confined to the coastal mountains and near Damascus. (Fig. 58)</p><p>Previous records: Euphrates Valley (Dobson 1878) [most probably the upper part of the valley in Syria, see Benda et al. (2006)], Jeiroud (Trouessart &amp; Kollmann 1923), Qal’at Salah ad-Din and Qal’at Al-Hossn (Benda et al. 2006), Hamama and Qal’at Salah ad-Din (Shehab et al. 2007).</p><p>Remarks: Formerly attributed to the subspecies R. e. judaicus Andersen &amp; Matschie, 1904. However, this name was demonstrated to be a junior synonym of  R. mehelyi Matschie, 1901, while  R. euryale is tentatively referred to as a monotypic species (Benda et al. 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E64FF91FF42F900B13E1287	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E18FF91FF42FECCB1941147.text	3874162A7E18FF91FF42FECCB1941147.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774)	<div><p>52. Greater Horseshoe Bat,  Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. f. ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) .</p><p>Distribution: Common in the limestone caverns and other suitable retreats along the Euphrates Valley, in the wooden habitats in the northwestern and southwestern regions, and on mountains along the coast (Fig. 59).</p><p>Previous records: Qal’at Najim (Nostitz 1873), Katir Magara and ar-Raqqa (Ebenau 1996), Mount Hermon, Amwd, Latakia, Qal’at Salah ad-Din, ar-Rawda near Rabi’ah, es- Salihiyyeh, Busra, Qal’at Sheizar, Qal’at Najim, Qal’at Samaan, Qatura, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Qal’at Al-Marqab, Qal’at Nimrud, Gamla (Benda et al. 2006), Qal’at Sama’an, Qal’at Salah ad-Din, and Basofan (Shehab et al. 2007), and Fajlit and az-Zahabiyah (Al-Ramadan et al. 2020).</p><p>Recent record: ash-Sheikh Badr and Jurd Hurayra (2021), Wadi aj-Jouz (2022).</p><p>Remarks: The Syrian populations of  R. ferrumequinum show a remarkable metric variability (large-sized bats in the Mediterranean regions, small-sized in the arid habitats of Mesopotamia, intermediate in size in the transient regions, which were primarily interpreted as distinct taxa). Two subspecies were reported from Syria: large-sized R. f.  ferrumequinum and small-sized R. f.  irani Cheesman, 1921 (cf. Benda et al. 2006). However, molecular genetic analyses did not support any infraspecific division of the west-Palaearctic populations of  R. ferrumequinum (Flanders et al. 2009; Benda &amp; Vallo 2012; Benda et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E18FF91FF42FECCB1941147	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E18FF91FF42FC8CB19B1627.text	3874162A7E18FF91FF42FC8CB19B1627.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800)	<div><p>53. Lesser Horseshoe Bat,  Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. h. minimus von Heuglin, 1861 .</p><p>Distribution: Common in caves of the mountainous habitats and wooded valleys in the northwestern, coastal and southwestern regions (Fig. 60).</p><p>Previous records: Basofan and Qal’at Al-Marqab (Shehab et al. 2006b), Qal’at Salah ad-Din, Barqash, Yabroud, Qal’at Al-Hosson, and Qanawat (Benda et al. 2006), and Hamama (Shehab et al. 2007).</p><p>Recent records: Hamam Wasil and Al-Sflyah (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E18FF91FF42FC8CB19B1627	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E18FF91FF42FB6CB2B7179B.text	3874162A7E18FF91FF42FB6CB2B7179B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie 1901	<div><p>54. Mehely’s Horseshoe Bat,  Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie, 1901</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. m. judaicus Andersen &amp; Matschie, 1904 .</p><p>Distribution:Uncommon; confined to caves in the arid areas around the Euphrates Valley as well as in the mountainous habitats around Aleppo and Damascus (Fig. 61).</p><p>Previous records: ar-Raqqa, Qater Maghara and Maadan (Ebenau 1996), Maadan (Walter &amp; Ebenau 1997), Halabiyyeh, Jeiroud, and Aleppo (Benda et al. 2006).</p><p>Remarks: Due to clear metric differences in  R. mehelyi of the Mediterranean, i.e., between the large-sized European and Maghrebian bats on one side and the small-sized Levantine, Cyrenaican and Egyptian bats on the other, Benda et al. (2006, 2014) suggested to treat the latter group of populations (including the Syrian individuals) as a separate subspecies,  R. m. judaicus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E18FF91FF42FB6CB2B7179B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E18FF91FF42F9DDB7E9149F.text	3874162A7E18FF91FF42F9DDB7E9149F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinopoma cystops Thomas 1903	<div><p>55. Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat,  Rhinopoma cystops Thomas, 1903</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. c. arabium Thomas, 1913 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; restricted to the Jordan Valley and the slopes above the Lake Galilee and of the Mount Hermon. (Fig. 62)</p><p>Previous records: Nahal Gilbon (Shalmon 1990) and Qal’at Al-Nimrud (Benda et al. 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E18FF91FF42F9DDB7E9149F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E18FF91FF42F8E4B79015EB.text	3874162A7E18FF91FF42F8E4B79015EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brunnich 1782)	<div><p>56. Greater Mouse-tailed Bat,  Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brünnich, 1782)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  R. m. microphyllum (Brünnich, 1782) .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; restricted to the Jordan Valley and the slopes above the Lake Galilee. (Fig. 63)</p><p>Previous records: Kursi (Levin et al. 2008), Kfar Haruv and 6 km north of Fiq (Levin et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E18FF91FF42F8E4B79015EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FDACB234166F.text	3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FDACB234166F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Miniopterus schreibersii (Natterer 1817)	<div><p>58. Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat,  Miniopterus schreibersii (Natterer, 1817)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; confined to caves of rocky plains and mountainous habitat of the Euphrates Valley, vicinity of Aleppo, and western parts of the country. (Fig. 65)</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo (von Wettstein 1913), Qater Maghara and ar-Raqqah (Ebenau 1996), ar-Raqqah (Walter &amp; Ebenau 1997), Latakia, Slenfeh, Tell Shhab, Aleppo, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Safita, and  Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006), Hamama (Shehab et al. 2007), Abu Qubays (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a).</p><p>Recent record: Al-Hweiz (2020).</p><p>Remarks: Long-fingered bats occupying Southwest Asia were split into two species occurring also in the Levant (Bilgin et al. 2012). However, only  M. schreibersii has been confirmed in Syria (and Lebanon), while  M. pallidus Thomas, 1907 was found in Turkey and Jordan (Šrámek et al. 2013). While the range of the latter species remains unresolved in the Levant, although it very likely occurs in Syria, we decided to report all records from Syria under  M. schreibersii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FDACB234166F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1CFF95FF42F9B0B3931533.text	3874162A7E1CFF95FF42F9B0B3931533.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis blythii (Tomes 1857)	<div><p>60. Lesser Myotis,  Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. b. omari Thomas, 1906 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; confined to the wooded mountainous and coastal regions of the west (Fig. 67).</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo and Camp Faouar (Spitzenberger 1979), Qal’at Al-Hosson (Harrison &amp; Lewis 1961; Nadachowski et al. 1990), Latakia, Qal’at Salah ad-Din, Qal’at Al-Marqab, Jeiroud, Qal’at Al-Hosson, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006), Qal’at Al-Hosson (Shehab et al. 2007), and Al-Dawwar Cave (Al-Ramadan et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1CFF95FF42F9B0B3931533	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FB88B64C1477.text	3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FB88B64C1477.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque 1814)	<div><p>59. European Free-tailed Bat,  Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon but widespread; recorded in the rocky terrain and crevices along the Euphrates Valley, Palmyra, coastal, and southwestern regions (Fig. 66).</p><p>Previous records: Qal’at Salah ad-Din, Ayyash, Tell Shhab, as-Sehel, Bloudan, Damascus, Maalula, Yabroud, Palmyra, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Kasret Muhammed Ali, ar-Raqqa, Qal’at Al-Marqab,  Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006) and Qal’at Najim (Shehab et al. 2007).</p><p>Remarks: Based on reported differences in the pelage coloration, the Egyptian and Middle Eastern populations of  T. teniotis were regarded to represent a separate subspecies T. t.  rueppelli Temminck, 1826 (see Kock &amp; Nader 1984). However, the colour variation was found to be rather mosaic-like in this bat, and without a relation with the formal intraspecific division; the species was suggested to be considered as monotypic (Benda et al. 2008). The results of a geographically broad-scale molecular genetic comparison by Amorim et al. (2020) supported this opinion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FB88B64C1477	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FF51B2F1138B.text	3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FF51B2F1138B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar 1830	<div><p>57. Naked-rumped Tomb Bat,  Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  T. n. magnus Wettstein, 1913 .</p><p>Distribution: Common in rocky caverns and human settlements along the Euphrates Valley and in rocky caverns and hills of Mesopotamia (Fig. 64).</p><p>Previous records: Euphrates Valley (Dobson 1878) [most probably the upper part of the valley in Syria, see Benda et al. (2006)], Kasret Muhammed Ali (Ebenau 1996), Katir Magara (Sachanowicz et al. 1999), Katir Magara, Halabiyyeh and Kasret Muhammed Ali (Shehab et al. 2004), es-Salihiyyeh, Ayyash, Halabiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba, Zalabiyyeh, Khazneh, ar- Rasafah, (Benda et al. 2006),Ain Jum’aa, Qal’at er-Rahba, es-Salihiyyeh, and el- Ukersheh (Shehab et al. 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1CFF95FF42FF51B2F1138B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1FFF96FF42F948B6461557.text	3874162A7E1FFF96FF42F948B6461557.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eptesicus anatolicus Felten 1971	<div><p>66. Anatolian Serotine,  Eptesicus anatolicus Felten, 1971</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Rare; confined to the wooded mountains in the coastal region (Fig. 73).</p><p>Previous records: Qal’at Salah ad-Din, Qal’at Sheizar, Qal’at Al-Marqab, and Banias (Benda et al. 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1FFF96FF42F948B6461557	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FF7CB0D4138B.text	3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FF7CB0D4138B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte 1837)	<div><p>61. Long-fingered Myotis,  Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon but widespread along the Euphrates and its tributaries in Mesopotamia, as well as in the steppe regions of the northwest of Syria (Fig. 68).</p><p>Previous records: Qater Maghara and ar-Raqqa (Ebenau 1996), Maadan (Walter &amp; Ebenau 1997), Kasret Muhammed Ali (Shehab et al. 2004), Abu Kamal, es-Salihiyyeh, Halabiyyeh, Tell Sheikh Hamad, Aleppo, Al-Ghazili, Kasret Muhammed Ali, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006), Hamama and Halabiyyeh (Shehab et al. 2007).</p><p>Remarks: The  M. capaccinii populations in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East were considered by several authors (see Benda et al. 2006) as a separate subspecies, M. c. bureschi Heinrich, 1936. However, there is no relevant support available for the subspecific division of the taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FF7CB0D4138B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FDC8B71A108F.text	3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FDC8B71A108F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806)	<div><p>62. Geoffroy’s Myotis,  Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. e. emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; in the mountains west of Aleppo and in the coastal region (Fig. 69).</p><p>Previous records: Ras Al-Baseet (Benda 1996), Qal’at Salah ad-Din, ar-Rawda near Rabi’ah, Ras Al-Baseet, Qal’at Samaan, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006), Qal’at Samaan and Qal’at Salah ad-Din (Shehab et al. 2007).</p><p>Remarks: The taxonomy of this species was recently revised by Benda &amp; Uvizl (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FDC8B71A108F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FCF4B031166F.text	3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FCF4B031166F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis hoveli Harrison 1964	<div><p>63. Hovel’s Myotis,  Myotis hoveli Harrison, 1964</p><p>(IUCN Red List: DD)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Rare; confined to the mountain habitats of the coastal and southwestern regions (Fig. 70).</p><p>Previous records: Qal’at Salah ad-Din, Tell Shhab, Serghaya, Yabroud, Qal’at Al-Marqab, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006).</p><p>Remarks: The taxonomic affiliations of the Middle Eastern populations of the  M. nattereri morpho-group were revised by Çoraman et al. (2019) and Uvizl &amp; Benda (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FCF4B031166F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FBD4B76D174F.text	3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FBD4B76D174F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis myotis (Borkhausen 1797)	<div><p>64. Greater Myotis,  Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. m. macrocephalicus Harrison &amp; Lewis, 1961 .</p><p>Distribution: Rare; confined to the mountainous terrains along the coastal region, at Aleppo, and into the southwest of the country. (Fig. 71)</p><p>Previous records: Qal’at Al-Hosson (Harrison &amp; Lewis 1961; Nadachowski et al. 1990), Aleppo (Spitzenberger 1996), Latakia, Qal’at al-Hosson, Qal’at Al-Marqab, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006), Hamama and Qal’at Al-Madiq (Shehab et al. 2007), and Al-Dawwar Cave (Al-Ramadan et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FBD4B76D174F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FAB4B7C4140B.text	3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FAB4B7C4140B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817)	<div><p>65. Common Whiskered Myotis,  Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Rare; confined to the mountain habitat in southwest Syria (Fig. 72).</p><p>Previous records: Only one record is available from Mount Hermon (Benda &amp; KarataȘ 2005).</p><p>Remarks: Bats of the  M. mystacinus morpho-group represent a phylogenetically complex matter. The Levantine populations were formerly assigned to  M. aurascens Kuzyakin, 1935 [=  M. davidii (Peters, 1869)] based on their large body size (see Benda &amp; KarataȘ 2005). The revision of the Middle Eastern and Caucasian populations of the morpho-group showed that these bats should belong to  M. mystacinus (see Benda et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1FFF96FF42FAB4B7C4140B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E1FFF9AFF42F8BCB172175C.text	3874162A7E1FFF9AFF42F8BCB172175C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eptesicus bottae (Peters 1869)	<div><p>67. Botta’s Serotine,  Eptesicus bottae (Peters, 1869)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  E. b. hingstoni Thomas, 1919 .</p><p>Distribution: Common in arid areas; confined to the rocky terrain and crevices along the Euphrates Valley, at Palmyra, and in the hills of Mesopotamia (Fig. 74).</p><p>Previous records: Qater Maghara (Ebenau 1996, Shehab et al. 2004), es-Salihiyyeh, Halabiyyeh, Sbeikhan, Zalabiyyeh, Balis, Khazneh and er-Rasafah (Benda et al. 2006), Qal’at er-Rahba, Halabiyyeh, er- Rasafah, Palmyra, and Qal’at Fakhr ad-Din Al-Maani (Shehab et al. 2007).</p><p>Recent record: ar-Raqqa (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E1FFF9AFF42F8BCB172175C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E13FF9AFF42FAA5B2981564.text	3874162A7E13FF9AFF42FAA5B2981564.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber 1774)	<div><p>68. Eurasian Serotine,  Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  E. s. mirza de-Filippi, 1863 .</p><p>Distribution: Rather uncommon in the arid areas around the Euphrates Valley, in mountainous habitats near the coast, and in the southwestern regions (Fig. 75).</p><p>Previous records: Qater Maghara (Ebenau 1996), Hayalien, Slenfeh, es-Salihiyyeh, Halabiyyeh, Maalula, Safita, Mount Hermon, and Oden Forest (Benda et al. 2006), Qal’at Najim, Qal’at er-Rahba, and Qal’at Al-Hosson (Shehab et al. 2007).</p><p>Recent records: Maqlass, Jurd Hurayra (2021).</p><p>Remarks: Formerly, the Levantine  E. serotinus populations were considered as part of the nominotypical form that occurs in Europe and in the Caucasus (see Harrison &amp; Bates 1991). However, a detailed morphological comparison and molecular genetic analysis indicated that these populations—along with the Iranian population—represent a separate subspecies,  E. s. mirza de-Filippi, 1863, described from northern Iran (Spitzenberger 1994; Benda et al. 2006, 2012; Juste et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E13FF9AFF42FAA5B2981564	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E13FF9CFF42F8ADB7331287.text	3874162A7E13FF9CFF42F8ADB7331287.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774)	<div><p>69. Common Noctule,  Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  N. n. lebanoticus Harrison, 1962 .</p><p>Distribution: Rare; recorded from the coastal and southwestern region (Fig. 76).</p><p>Previous records: Safita and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006).</p><p>Remarks: The Levantine  N. noctula populations (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine) are traditionally considered as a separate subspecies, N. n. lebanoticus, based on coloration traits and biogeographic grounds (see Benda et al. 2006). However, this affiliation still requires confirmation by a molecular genetic analysis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E13FF9CFF42F8ADB7331287	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FAB4B2E8149F.text	3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FAB4B2E8149F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otonycteris hemprichii Peters 1859	<div><p>72. Desert Long-eared Bat,  Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  O. h. hemprichii Peters, 1859 .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant; restricted to the crevices of rocky plains and arid areas around the Euphrates Valley, Mesopotamia, Al-Badia, and around Aleppo (Fig. 79).</p><p>Previous records: Syrian Desert (Harrison 1964),Al-Qaryatein (Harrison 1972), Qal’at er-Rahba and Aleppo (Shehab et al. 2004), es-Salihiyyeh, Ayyash, Halabiyyeh, Zalabiyyeh, Qal’at er-Rahba, Khazneh, Jeiroud, Palmyra, Al-Ghazili north of ar-Raqqa, ar-Raqqa, er-Rasafah (Benda et al. 2006), Qal’at er-Rahba, er-Rasafah, and el- Ukersheh (Shehab et al. 2007), and Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b).</p><p>Remarks: According to the results of taxonomic revision by Benda &amp; Gvoždík (2010), the Syrian  O. hemprichii populations are part of the nominotypical subspecies occurring in the desert belt that stretches between West Africa and Iraq Mesopotamia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FAB4B2E8149F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FECCB22C1193.text	3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FECCB22C1193.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipistrellus kuhlii (Natterer 1817)	<div><p>70. Kuhl’s Pipistrelle,  Pipistrellus kuhlii (Natterer, 1817)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  P. k. lepidus Blyth, 1845 .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant, occurs in rural and urban habitats across the country, including human settlements (Fig. 77).</p><p>Previous records:Al-Mayadin and ar-Raqqa (von Wettstein 1913), Jeiroud (Trouessart &amp; Kollmann 1923), Damascus (Harrison 1964), Qal’at er-Rahba and Qal’at Al-Madiq (Kock &amp; Nader 1983), as-Sabkha (Ebenau 1993), Kasret Muhammed Ali and Katir Magara (Ebenau 1996), er-Rasafah, Katir Magara, es-Salihiyyeh, Kasret Muhammed Ali, el-Ukersheh, and ar-Raqqa, (Shehab et al. 2004), Mari, Tell Sheikh Hamad, and er-Rasafah (Obuch &amp; Krištin 2004), Latakia, Al-Bas’ah, es-Salihiyyeh, Damascus, Qal’at Al-Madiq, Kasret Muhammed Ali, Al-Musairifah, Qasr Ibn Wardan, er-Rasafah, Qal’at Al-Hosson, Qatura, Qantara, Ras Al-Baseet, 12 km southeast of ar-Raqqa, Qal’at Ja’abar, Banias, ar-Rawda near Rabi’ah, Jabla, 10 km north of Jabla, Qal’at Salah ad-Din, Ayyash, Halabiyyeh, Mari, Qal’at er-Rahba, Sbeikhan, Tell Sheikh Hamad, Busra, at-Tawani, Yabroud, Aleppo, Wadi ar Ratgah, Al-Marashdeh, Zalabiyyeh, Tell Shhab, Harasta, Ain Diwar, Najmouk, Bab Al-Hawa, Sweida Dam, Camp Faour, Khad Nes, Kursi, Ya’ar Oden forest, Qal’at Najim, Hamah, Qal’at Sheizar, Al-Hasaka, Khazneh, Qal’at Sukkara, Qattinah, Palmyra, Qal’at Al-Marqab, Safita (Benda et al. 2004c, 2006), Ain Thakar, Qasr Sallum, Deir Dejle, Fekhaykha, Ain Jum’aa, Halabiyyeh, Al-Misrab, es-Salihiyyeh, Serghaya, Qal’at Najim, Musyaf, Heymu, Tell Beydar, Jub Al-Ghar, and er- Rasafah (Shehab et al. 2007), Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009c), and Ash-Sheikh Badr and Sukkarah (Al-Ramadan et al. 2020).</p><p>Recent records: Mashqita, Hanadi,  Wadi Qandil, Kabajep, Laftaya, Al-Mazzeh (Damascus), Jaramana and Deir ez-Zor (2020–2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FECCB22C1193	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FBF0B173174F.text	3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FBF0B173174F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774)	<div><p>71. Common Pipistrelle,  Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Distribution: Common in mountains and wooded valleys of coastal, western and southwestern regions (Fig. 78).</p><p>Previous records: Banias, Maalula, Kasab, Rabi’ah, Ras Al-Baseet, Serghaya and Slenfeh (Benda et al. 2003a, b, 2004a), Damascus, Slenfeh, Banias (Hulva et al. 2004), Jabla, Kasab, Latakia, Qal’at Salah ad-Din, ar-Rawda near Rabi’ah, Ras Al-Baseet, Slenfeh, Bloudan, Maalula, Serghaya, Yabroud, Qal’at Al-Hosson, and Banias (Benda et al. 2006).</p><p>Recent record: Drekeish (2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E15FF9CFF42FBF0B173174F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E15FF81FF42F8E4B7D71287.text	3874162A7E15FF81FF42F8E4B7D71287.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plecotus macrobullaris Kuzjakin 1965	<div><p>73. Alpine Long-eared Bat,  Plecotus macrobullaris Kuzjakin, 1965</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  P. m. macrobullaris Kuzjakin, 1965 .</p><p>Distribution: Rare; confined to wooded mountains in the north and northwest of Damascus (Fig. 80).</p><p>Previous records: Jeiroud (Trouessart &amp; Kollmann 1923), Jeiroud, Maalula, Ras Al-Ayn, and Yabroud (Benda et al. 2004b), Yabroud (Juste et al. 2004), Maalula, Yabroud, Ras Al-Ayn, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006).</p><p>Remarks: The occurrence of  P. macrobullaris in Syria and Lebanon represent the southernmost extent of the species’ distribution, confined to the high mountain habitats and geographically separated from the rest of the range. However, this population is part of the nominotypical Middle Eastern-Caucasian subspecies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E15FF81FF42F8E4B7D71287	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E08FF81FF42FECCB767138B.text	3874162A7E08FF81FF42FECCB767138B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypsugo savii (Bonaparte 1837)	<div><p>74. Savi’s Pipistrelle,  Hypsugo savii (Bonaparte, 1837)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  H. s. caucasicus Satunin, 1902 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; confined to mountain caves in the Orontes Basin, as well as to the coastal and southwestern regions (Fig. 81).</p><p>Previous records: Hayalien, Slenfeh, Barqash, Bloudan, Maalula, Yabroud, Qatura, Qal’at Sheizar, Camp Faouar, and Mount Hermon (Benda et al. 2006), and Slenfeh (Al-Ramadan et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E08FF81FF42FECCB767138B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E08FF81FF42FA69B7E614C3.text	3874162A7E08FF81FF42FA69B7E614C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>77. Eurasian Otter,  Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: NT)</p><p>Subspecies:  L. l. seistanica Birula, 1912 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; restricted to the Euphrates Valley with a range expansion in the inland rivers of the coastal region (Fig. 84).</p><p>Previous records: Tell Sheikh Hamad (Kock et al. 1994); es-Salihiyye, Halabiyyeh, and Tell Sheikh Hamad (Uhrin et al. 2000), Deir ez-zor (Masseti 2001, 2004), and along the lower Euphrates Valley (Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012); first photographic records were obtained in Deir ez-Zor, Al-Mansurah, and Wadi Qandil (3.5 km from the seashores in Latakia: Aidek et al. 2021b)</p><p>Recent record: Al-Arous River (south of Safita) and Al-Bseireh at Al-Khabur River (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E08FF81FF42FA69B7E614C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E08FF81FF42FD81B1C611DB.text	3874162A7E08FF81FF42FD81B1C611DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes foina (Erxleben 1777)	<div><p>75. Stone Marten,  Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. f. syriaca (Nehring, 1902) .</p><p>Distribution: Common with a wide distribution in Aleppo to the coastal and southwestern regions, but it seems rare in the Orontes Basin and Sahl Al-Ghab (Fig. 82).</p><p>Previous records: Near Damascus (Pocock 1941), Slenfe mountains (Serra 2004), Al-Ghota (Masseti 2009), Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009b).</p><p>Recent records: vicinity of Sweida, Jasim, Al-Haffah, Mashqita, Yabroud, Al-Qteilbiyeh, Hamam Wasil, Bloudan, Bustan Al-Basha, Mare’, Jaiboul, Beit Kammunah, Jabal Slandrein, Al Lajat, Ras al-Ayn (northeast of Damascus), Al-Qrayya, Jabla and Al-Isawiyah (2020–2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E08FF81FF42FD81B1C611DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E08FF81FF42FC38B393172B.text	3874162A7E08FF81FF42FC38B393172B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vormela peregusna (Guldenstadt 1770)	<div><p>76. Marbled Polecat,  Vormela peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1770)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies:  V. p. syriaca Pocock, 1936 .</p><p>Distribution: Common with a wide distribution along the Euphrates Valley, coastal region, Orontes Basin, Sahl Al-Ghab, middle of Al-Badia, around Damascus, and towards the southwestern region (Fig. 83).</p><p>Previous records: Damascus (Pocock 1941), Daraa district (Peshev &amp; Al Hossein 1989), Tafas, Mesiaf and east of  Ghota (Shehab 2002) Palmyra, Idleb, vicinity of Salamiyah, Deir ez-Zor (Masseti 2009), Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b).</p><p>Recent records: Haweijat Kate’e, Muhasan, As-Suwar, Al-Khraiteh (2009–2010), Maadan, Al-Misrab, Al-Kishmeh, Al-Haffah, an-Nasriyeh, Al-Qerdaha, Datkhein, Istamo, Ain Albeida, Mueayzilah, Muhasan, Dehbash, Slenfeh, vicinity of Latakia, Al-Qanjara, Al-Mzeiraa, vicinity of Tartous, Jnata, Kasab, Salkhad and Al-Msherfeh (2020– 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E08FF81FF42FC38B393172B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E08FF82FF42F90EB39317F0.text	3874162A7E08FF82FF42F90EB39317F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meles canescens Blanford 1875	<div><p>78. Caucasian Badger,  Meles canescens Blanford, 1875</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  Meles c. canescens Blanford, 1875</p><p>Distribution: Abundant; a wide range in almost all habitats across Syria, except for arid and semi-arid areas (Fig. 85).</p><p>Previous records: 20 km south of Tartous (Kock &amp; Kinzelbach 1982); Al-Rafeed and Atheria (Shehab 2002);  Slenfe mountains (Serra 2004); Palmyra, Idleb, Latakia, Deir ez-Zor, Salamiyah, and the vicinity of Damascus (Masseti 2009); Abu Qubays, Al-Furunlok, and Al-Lajat (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b, 2018); Deir ez-Zor (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Vicinity of as-Suwar (2007), Al-Thlithawat (Jabal Al Bishri), (2009) Mesiaf, Sheikh Bader, vicinity of Tartous, Al-Furunlok, Ain Albeida, Al-Kadmous, Salqeen, Al-Qumsiyeh, Ghandurah, Ain an-Nakheel, Husain Al-Bahr, Al-Sfeira, Al-Kneisat, Al- Ennabiyah, Al-Kiswah, Ya’four and Buiydhat Msallam, Salkhad, Shahba (2020–2021), ash-sheeha, ad-Derdariyeh, Jarablus, Rsass, Al-Gheidha (2022).</p><p>Remarks: The Middle East badger (Southwest Asian badger)  Meles canescens was separated from its closest relative European badger  Meles meles based on a combination of cranial and dental characters (Abramov &amp; Puzachenko 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E08FF82FF42F90EB39317F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E0BFF82FF42FA51B26814D3.text	3874162A7E0BFF82FF42FA51B26814D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mellivora capensis (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>79. Honey Badger,  Mellivora capensis (Schreber, 1776)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. c. wilsoni Cheesman, 1920 .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain, seems to be rare; restricted to the higher grounds of Golan Heights (Fig. 86).</p><p>Previous records: Golan Heights (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991; Werner 2012).</p><p>Remarks: The Honey badger may exist in the Syrian Desert and in the riparian of the Euphrates River in east Syria as it has been recorded in adjacent areas of western Iraq (see Al-Sheikhly et al. 2015), a claim that requires further monitoring.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E0BFF82FF42FA51B26814D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E0BFF82FF42F931B39A15B0.text	3874162A7E0BFF82FF42F931B39A15B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766	<div><p>80. Least Weasel,  Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. n. boccamela Bechstein, 1800 .</p><p>Distribution: Rare; restricted to the coastal region and Sahl Al-Ghab (Fig. 87).</p><p>Previous records: Idleb (Masseti 2009), Slenfe Mountains (Serra 2004), Abu Qubays and Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b).</p><p>Recent records: Southeast of Mashqita (2010), Amreet (2015), Slenfeh (2019), ad-Daposiyeh (2021), and Sreijes (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E0BFF82FF42F931B39A15B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FC8CB775174F.text	3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FC8CB775174F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>83. Golden Jackal,  Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  C. a. syriacus Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1833 .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant with a wide distribution in dry open arid lands, forested areas, riparian habitats, short grasslands, and steppe landscapes across the country; rarely in desert habitats. (Fig. 90)</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo (Russell 1756), around Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957), around Daraa (Kattinger 1971), near Hamah and Aleppo (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991), vicinity of Idleb, as-Sa’an to the northeast of Salamiyah, Slenfeh (Serra 2004), Palmyra, and Jabal Al-Bilaas (Masseti 2009), around Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b), Abu Qubays, Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b), and along the Euphrates Valley (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Qal’at Jandal (1994), Al-Hasrat, Abu Hardoub, Al Qouriyah, Buqruss, Al-Bseireh, Muhasan, Al-Mri’iyah, as-Suwar, Haweijt Saqur, Haweijt Kate’e, Mheimideh, Al-Misrab, at-Tebni, Maadan, Maskana, Jarablus, Khanaser, Al-Mansurah, ash-Shaddady, ar-Rastan, Tell Tamr (2006–2012), Al-Mozirieb, Koayah and Talila (2010), Mhardeh, Mesiaf, Hammam Wasil, Amreet, Al-Naqeeb, Nimreh, Al-Kadmous, Marmarita, Al-Quneitra, Smeihqiah, B’amrah, Taldarah, Jabla, Sheen, Al-Zwiteineh and Qarn Hilyah (2020–2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FC8CB775174F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FF50B1B113D3.text	3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FF50B1B113D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monachus monachus (Hermann 1779)	<div><p>81. Mediterranean Monk Seal,  Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: EN)</p><p>Distribution: Rare; confined to the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. Recorded in the northern part of the Syrian coast. (Fig. 88)</p><p>Previous records: Ras Al-Baseet by Mo et al. (2003) and Jony &amp; Ibrahim (2006).</p><p>Recent records: Locally most found to the northern part of the Syrian coast (see Güçlüsoy &amp; Savas 2003), i.e., north of Latakia, mainly near the Research Institute (Côte d’Azur), Burj Islam and the area between Um et-Tiur and Ras Al-Baseet (2004–2023), and Wadi Qandil (2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FF50B1B113D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FE14B6FC116B.text	3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FE14B6FC116B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>82. Brown Bear,  Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies:  U. a. syriacus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828) .</p><p>Distribution: Very rare; its former range extends from the coastal mountains, Mount Hermon, and Mesopotamia. (Fig. 89)</p><p>Previous records: Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Aharoni 1930), Mount Hermon and Latakia by the end of 1950’s (Talbot 1960): at the present-time extinct in these places. The latest bear tracks were observed southeast of Bloudan in 2004 (Hajjar 2011).</p><p>Recent records: Bear footprints on snow were photographed near Bloudan (2018); yet, further research is needed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E0DFF84FF42FE14B6FC116B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E0DFF89FF42FAB4B7F7131B.text	3874162A7E0DFF89FF42FAB4B7F7131B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>84. Gray Wolf,  Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  C. l. pallipes Sykes, 1831 and  C. l. arabs Pocock, 1934 .</p><p>Distribution:Abundant but uncommon; populations are possibly decreased due to extensive persecution; widespread in almost all habitats across the country but in small numbers. Heavy persecution by the nomads in central Syria documented by G. Serra and MS Abdallah (2000–2010, unpublished report) and Serra (2002). (Fig. 91)</p><p>Previous records: 45 km southwest of Ain Al-Arous (Misonne 1957), Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, Buhayrat Al-Khatuniyah, Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Wadi Al-Azib, Jabal Al-Bishri, Jabal Al-Bilaas, Palmyra (Harrison 1968; Tohme et al. 1975; Evans 1994), in many regions across Syria (Shehab 2002), Palmyra, Jabal Al-Bishri, Efreen, and north of Slenfeh (Masseti 2009), around Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b), Abu Qubays, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, c), south of Al-Badia of Deir ez-Zor and Jabal Al-Bishri (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Qal’at Jandal (1994), Jabal Al-Bishri, vicinity of Feidhat Ibn Muwyin’e, vicinity of Al-Mayadin (2006–2012), Deir Sawwan (2009), east of az-Zelif, an-Nasriyeh, vicinity of Salamiyah (2011), Fajlit, Al-Hjeifat, east of Latakia, Shahba, Jabla, Mesiaf, Salkhad, Rab’o, 10 km east of Rbeidha, Deir as-Saleeb, Al-Matikh, and Rsass, Al-Gheidha (2020–2023).</p><p>Remarks: Three subspecies were recognized in Syria by earlier authors: C. l.  lupus Linnaeus, 1758, C. l. pallipes Sykes, 1831 and C. l. arabs Pocock, 1934 (Mech &amp; Boitani 2004), but with undefined ranges. Misonne (1957) indicated that the Iranian subspecies C. l. pallipes occurs in Mesopotamia and around Tell Abiad, the northern subspecies C. l.  lupus would be putatively confined to the mountains of north and northwest Syria, while the Arabian subspecies C. l. arabs occurs in the arid plains and wadies of south and southeast Syria. The current status and distribution of wolves in Syria are not fully known, hence, further research is needed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E0DFF89FF42FAB4B7F7131B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E00FF89FF42F9F8B00115C7.text	3874162A7E00FF89FF42F9F8B00115C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caracal caracal (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>87. Caracal,  Caracal caracal (Schreber, 1776)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  C. c. aharonii (Matschie, 1912) and  C. c. schmitzi (Matschie, 1912) .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain, probably very rare (Fig. 95).</p><p>Previous records: From the headwaters of the Khabour River (Matschie 1912) to Palmyra (Evans 1994), a specimen in the Palmyra Archaeological Museum was killed by locals between the 1970s and the 1980s around Palmyra (Masseti 2009), and a live Caracal was brought from Al-Badia to Doma Zoo in 2001 (Shehab 2002).</p><p>Recent records: Local hunters indicated that the species is probably present in Deir Sawwan northwest of Aleppo and in Ghmam northeast of Latakia. However, further confirmation is needed, as some morphological similarities with the sympatric Jungle Cat  Felis chaus —which can be misidentified as  Caracal caracal —can affect the reliability of these records.</p><p>Remarks:  C. c. aharonii (Matschie, 1912) was reported from Mesopotamia (Matschie 1912),  C. c. schmitzi (Matschie, 1912) is present as elsewhere in Arabia (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E00FF89FF42F9F8B00115C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E00FF89FF42FE78B39310FB.text	3874162A7E00FF89FF42FE78B39310FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes rueppellii (Schinz 1825)	<div><p>85. Rüppell’s Fox,  Vulpes rueppellii (Schinz, 1825)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  V. r. sabaea Pocock, 1934 .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; confined to the deserts, semi-deserts and arid plains (Fig. 92).</p><p>Previous records: Talila Reserve (Serra et al. 2007), Palmyra, ar- Rasafah, and Mari (Masseti 2009), dry steppes south of Deir ez-Zor and ar-Raqqa (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Jabal Al-Bishri, Ad-Dukhoul steppes, as-Sarayim, Feidhat Ibn Muwyin’e, and Kabajep (2006– 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E00FF89FF42FE78B39310FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E00FF89FF42FD58B38F17BF.text	3874162A7E00FF89FF42FD58B38F17BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>86. Red Fox,  Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(Fig. 93)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902,  V. v. flavescens J. E. Gray, 1843, and  V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 .</p><p>Distribution: Widespread in dry open arid lands, forested areas, riparian habitats, short grasslands, and steppe landscapes across the country (Fig. 94).</p><p>Previous records: Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957), Banias (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991), Tell Sheikh Hamad (Kock et al. 1994), Slenfe mountains (Serra 2004), around Palmyra, Talila Reserve (Serra 2002; Serra et al. 2009a, b), Latakia, Palmyra, environs of Deir-ez-Zor, Idleb, Salamiyah, Ghota (Masseti 2009), Abu Qubays, Al-Furunlok and Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b, c), steppes of Deir ez-Zor and ar-Raqqa (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Qal’at Jandal (1994), Ar-Rawda steppe, ach-Chola, ad-Dukhoul, Al- Bolaiyah, Al-Bseireh, Al-Hjeifat steppe, ar- Rasafah, ash-Shaddady, as-Sarayim, as-Suwar, az-Zimlah, Al-Thlithawat, Mabroukah, Slouq, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, Kabajep, Khadhra Almay (2006–2012), an-Nasriyeh, Atheria, Al-Qaryatein, Khanaser, Tual Al-Aba, Um Medf’a, northeast of Salamiyah, Al-Nabk (2011), Abu Qubays, Deir Sawwan, Ar-Rastan, Al-Lajat, east of Al Quneitra, Al-Rafeed, Mesiaf, Wadi Al-Qarn, Mueayzilah, Slenfeh, vicinity of Sweida, Sheen, Bloudan, Ain Albeida, Taldarah, Dannoun and ash-Sheikh Badr (2020–2021), Doma, Rsass and Al-Gheidha (2022).</p><p>Remarks: The distribution of Red Fox subspecies is poorly documented in Syria; however, based on examination of photographic records, three subspecies may occur. The Arabian subspecies  V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 is probably confined to the arid plains of south and southeast Syria, the Turkmenian subspecies  V. v. flavescens J. E. Gray, 1843 to Mesopotamia, while the Palestinian subspecies  V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 to the mountains of Lebanon and Palestine (see Larivière &amp; Pasitschniak-Arts 1996; Harrison &amp; Bates 1991; Al-Sheikhly et al. 2015). Nevertheless, the ranges of these different subspecies may overlap in north and northeast Syria, a claim that warrants further research.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E00FF89FF42FD58B38F17BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E03FF8AFF42F9D6B17315C0.text	3874162A7E03FF8AFF42F9D6B17315C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis chaus Schreber 1777	<div><p>88. Jungle Cat,  Felis chaus Schreber, 1777</p><p>(Fig. 96)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  F. c. chaus ( F. c. furax de Winton, 1898 is synonym).</p><p>Distribution: Fairly widespread but uncommon; populations are possibly decreased due to extensive persecution. The species occurs along the marshes, riparian thickets and riverbanks of the lower Euphrates Valley and Mesopotamia. The locals of Deir Ez-Zor refer to this species as “ nimr al Furat ” (the leopard of the Euphrates) (Aidek 2010) (Fig. 97).</p><p>Previous records: Tell Abiad and Ain Arous (headwaters of Al-Balikh River) (Misonne 1957), Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b), along lower Syrian Euphrates and Hawaeijts (river islets) (Aidek 2010), and vicinity of Deir ez-Zor (Masseti 2009; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: at-Tebni, Muhasan and Hatla (2007–2008), Mueileh and Haweijt Shraideh (2010), Al-Mri’iyah (2009), and Al-Mayadin (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E03FF8AFF42F9D6B17315C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E04FF8DFF42F9D0B173150A.text	3874162A7E04FF8DFF42F9D0B173150A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis lybica Forster 1780	<div><p>89. African Wildcat,  Felis lybica Forster, 1780</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  F. l. tristrami (Pocock, 1944) .</p><p>Distribution: Widespread but uncommon; populations are possibly decreased due to extensive persecution; confined to the wooded mountains and forests of the coastal region, arid steppes of Al-Badia south of Deir Ez-Zor to Palmyra, around Damascus, and in the southwestern region (Fig. 98).</p><p>Previous records: Dariyya and near Al-Quneitra (Harrison 1971), between Al-Quneitra and Rwihinah (Shehab 2002), Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a), Palmyra and surrounding Damascus (Masseti 2009).</p><p>Recent records: Jabal Al-Bishri (2007–2008), Palmyra (2009), Bmalkah (2016), Al-Kadmous (2020), Al-Nabk, Al-Makhbotah and Salkhad (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E04FF8DFF42F9D0B173150A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E05FF8CFF42FA93B00D1485.text	3874162A7E05FF8CFF42FA93B00D1485.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis margarita Loche 1858	<div><p>91. Sand Cat,  Felis margarita Loche, 1858</p><p>(Fig. 99)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  F. m. harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb &amp; Groves, 1976 .</p><p>Distribution: A nocturnal species widespread in Al-Badia to the south of Deir ez-Zor, but less common southwest to Palmyra and west to Jabal Al-Bishri (Fig. 100).</p><p>Previous records:Al-Talila, 25 km southeast of Palmyra (Serra et al. 2007), Deir ez-Zor towards ar- Rasafah (Aidek, 2010, Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Feidhat Ibn Muwyin’e, Khadhra Almay, ad-Dukhoul, Mueayzilah (south of Deir ez-Zor), as-Sarayim and Jabal Al-Bishri (2006–2012).</p><p>Remarks: The subspecies  F. m. harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb &amp; Groves, 1976 is confined to the arid plains of the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Sinai and Iraq (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991; Kitchener et al. 2017); however, it could be a synonym of  F. m. thinobia (Ognev, 1926) (see Burgin et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E05FF8CFF42FA93B00D1485	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E05FF8CFF42FB4BB1F11735.text	3874162A7E05FF8CFF42FB4BB1F11735.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis silvestris Schreber 1777	<div><p>90. European Wildcat,  Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  F. s. caucasica (Satunin, 1905) .</p><p>Distribution: North of the coastal region. (Fig. 98)</p><p>Previous records: Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009b).</p><p>Recent records: Al-Shardoub Forest (2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E05FF8CFF42FB4BB1F11735	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E05FF8CFF42F8A7B6EB1589.text	3874162A7E05FF8CFF42F8A7B6EB1589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>92. Egyptian Mongoose,  Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  H. i. ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758) .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; restricted to the coastal mountainous habitat and southwestern region (Fig. 101).</p><p>Previous records: Al-Quneitra (Shehab 2002), around Lattakia and Al-Ghota (Masseti 2009).</p><p>Recent records: Amreet (2010), Slenfeh (2014), Kersana and Sqoubin (2021), as-Sarsakiyah and ash-Sheir (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E05FF8CFF42F8A7B6EB1589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FC1CB2C8174F.text	3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FC1CB2C8174F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gazella dorcas (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>95. Dorcas Gazelle,  Gazella dorcas (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies:  G. d. dorcas (Linnaeus, 1758) .</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain; possibly extinct in the wild, this species was extirpated from many parts in Arabia 30–40 years ago (Habibi &amp;Williamson 1997) and is probably extinct in the wild in Syria (Fig. 104).</p><p>Previous records: Historical records are available from the vicinity of Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957), east of Sweida (Habibi 1998), and the Yarmuk Valley (Masseti 2004).</p><p>Remarks: The species was previously assigned to the Saudi Gazelle  Gazella saudiya Carruthers &amp; Schwarz, 1935 but it turned out to be a different taxon (see Groves 1988, Hammond et al. 2001, and Mallon &amp; Kingswood 2001 for a taxonomic revision).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FC1CB2C8174F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FAB4B3BF14C3.text	3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FAB4B3BF14C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gazella gazella (Pallas 1766)	<div><p>96. Mountain Gazelle,  Gazella gazella (Pallas, 1766)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: EN)</p><p>Subspecies:  G. g. gazella (Pallas, 1766) .</p><p>Distribution: Uncertain status, apparently rare; confined to the mountainous habitat in northwest and southwest of Syria (Fig. 105).</p><p>Previous records: Khneiz (Misonne 1957); Jabal Druze (Houran mount) (Groves &amp; Lay 1985), and Mount Hermon (Evans 1994).</p><p>Remarks: This species may still exist in southwestern Syria (see Evans 1994). Unverified record of a hunted  G. gazella was reported south of Hadar in 1991. It is worth mentioning that this species still occurs in Hatay Province (Iskenderun) in eastern Turkey (see Çoğala &amp; Sözenb 2017) which may have occurred in northwestern Syria in the past.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FAB4B3BF14C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FE30B78B11FF.text	3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FE30B78B11FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>94. Striped Hyena,  Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: NT)</p><p>Subspecies:  H. h. syriaca Matschie, 1900 .</p><p>Distribution: Widespread but uncommon; individuals are wide-ranging in almost all habitats across the country but in low numbers. Syrian populations have possibly decreased due to heavy persecution (e.g., by nomads as documented by G. Serra and MS Abdallah (2000–2010, unpublished report) and Serra (2002) (Fig. 103).</p><p>Previous records: Aleppo (Russell 1756), as-Sukhnah (Maydon 1930), Al-Qaryatein (Lewis et al. 1968), between Deir ez-Zor and Al-Qamishli, ar-Raqqa (Kumerloeve 1975), widely distribution (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991), around Palmyra (Serra et al. 2009a, b), vicinity of Palmyra, vicinity of Latakia,  Slenfe mountains (Serra 2004), vicinity of Deir ez-Zor (Masseti 2009), and Al-Badia around Deir ez-Zor (Aidek 2010; Murdoch &amp; Aidek 2012).</p><p>Recent records: Qal’at Jandal (1994), Jabal Al-Bishri (2006–2012), vicinity of Maskana (2007), vicinity of Salamiyah, west of Deir Sawwan (2008), east of az-Zelif (2011), Ash Shaqraniya, Bisin, Shahba, vicinity of Homs, east of Idleb, vicinity of Seidnaya, Smeid, Sreijes Al-Qeniah, Al-Areimah and Halbon (2020–2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FE30B78B11FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FF7CB1C513F7.text	3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FF7CB1C513F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urva auropunctata (Hodgson 1836)	<div><p>93. Small Indian Mongoose,  Urva auropunctata (Hodgson, 1836)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  U. a. pallipes (Blyth, 1845) .</p><p>Distribution: Uncommon; restricted to the lower Euphrates. First recorded in Al-Sue’iyeh, Hajeen and Al-Arqoub in the lower Euphrates Basin in western Syria in October 2022 (Aidek &amp; Al-Sheikhly 2023). (Fig. 102)</p><p>Remarks: Uncommon. Native to southern Iraq (Harrison &amp; Bates 1991; Al-Sheikhly et al. 2015) and it has recently been recorded in Syria. The species range has been extended and newly established in eastern Syria along the borders with Iraq (Al-Sheikhly &amp; Mallon 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E38FFB1FF42FF7CB1C513F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E38FFB2FF42F900B0DA138B.text	3874162A7E38FFB2FF42F900B0DA138B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gazella marica Thomas 1897	<div><p>97. Sand Gazelle (Reem),  Gazella marica Thomas, 1897</p><p>(Fig. 106)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Distribution: Status uncertain, probably common but in low numbers; confined to a narrow geographical range of arid plains west of Palmyra and in the southern of Al-Badia (Fig. 107).</p><p>Previous records: as-Sukhnah (Maydon 1930), Palmyra (Dollman &amp; Burlace 1935), Palmyra, Jabal Al-Bilaas and Sabkhat al-Jabbul (Evans 1994), Jazal, Gleighim and az-Zelif (Habibi 1998), Jazal and Jabal Abu Rejmein (Serra et al. 2009b), Jabal Al-Bilaas, and Jabal Al-Bishri (Masseti 2000).</p><p>Recent records: Southern of Al-Badia, east and south of Sweida but in low numbers as they have been heavily persecuted by local poachers; az-Zelif (2011–2021); Al Muttaitah, Gleighim, Abu Sharshuh, Tell ad-Dab’e, and az-Zelif (2020–2021).</p><p>Remarks: The Sand Gazelle was first described as a full species ( Gazella marica Thomas 1897), but placed later as a subspecies of the Goitered Gazelle  G. subgutturosa marica (Groves and Harrison 1967; Harrison and Bates 1991). More recently, it has been split into distinct species again ( G. marica) based on skull morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA analyses (Wacher et al. 2011; Groves &amp; Grubb 2011; Bärmann et al. 2013). The gazelle populations in Syria are geographically separated by the Euphrates River, where  G. marica occurs to the west of the Euphrates River while  G. subgutturosa to the east (Habibi 1998). Genetic analysis of two specimens originated from west Palmyra and southwest of Al-Badia proved they were  G. marica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E38FFB2FF42F900B0DA138B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FC44B76A1773.text	3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FC44B76A1773.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capra nubiana F. Cuvier 1825	<div><p>99. Nubian Ibex,  Capra nubiana F. Cuvier, 1825</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Distribution: Confined to Golan Heights (Fig. 108).</p><p>Previous records: Labter Hills (Jabal Al-Abtar) southwest of Palmyra (Maydon 1930), a specimen obtained from east of Al-Qaryatein in the collection of the British Museum of Natural History (Harrison 1968). It was also reported in the Jabal ash-Sharqi mountain ranges north of Damascus which run southwest-northeast, as far as Halab (Aleppo) and to just south of Tadmur (Palmyra), presumably in the Jabal al Khunayzir by Shackleton (1997) based on (Harrison 1968). However, the latter didn’t mention these sites where the species records remain unsubstainational.</p><p>Remarks: Nubian Ibex was considered as a subspecies of the ( Capra ibex nubiana Linnaeus, 1758) but is now considered as a distinct species (Grubb 2005). The species might be extinct in Syria by the end of the 1950s; however, it was reintroduced into the Golan Heights in 1970 (Shackleton 1997).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FC44B76A1773	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FAB4B00014E7.text	3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FAB4B00014E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>100. Western Roe Deer,  Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies: The Syrian population is not assigned to any distinct subspecies.</p><p>Distribution: Uncertain status; apparently uncommon and in low numbers; occurs in wooded valleys of the coastal region and Sahl Al-Ghab, while it is extinct west of Aleppo (Fig. 109).</p><p>Previous records: Bush clad hills west of Aleppo (Carruthers 1909), Latakia (Talbot 1960; Harrison &amp; Bates 1991),  Slenfe mountains (Serra 2004), Jabal Shoeh (Masseti 2000), Abu Qubays and Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b), south of Aisam but extinct since 1993 (A Aidek, Syria, pers. comm. 2022).</p><p>Recent records: east of Slenfeh, Al-Furunlok and Abu Qubays (2008), Mashqita (2010), Deir Mama (2012), Masiat, ad-Daliah and Ghmam (2020–2021), and Ain ar-Rajm’ah (2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FAB4B00014E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FDC8B04411FF.text	3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FDC8B04411FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gazella subgutturosa (Guldenstaedt 1778)	<div><p>98. Goitered Gazelle,  Gazella subgutturosa (Güldenstädt, 1778)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies:  G. s. subgutturosa (Güldenstaedt, 1778) .</p><p>Distribution: Confined to a narrow geographical range of arid plains and steppes near Jabal Abd Al-Aziz and Mesopotamia (Fig. 107).</p><p>Previous records: ar-Raqqa (Dollman &amp; Burlace 1935), vicinity of Tell Abiad (Misonne 1957), Ras Al-Ayn (Kumerloeve 1975), Buhayrat Al-Khatuniyah, Jabal Abd Al-Aziz, and Ras Al-Ayn (Evans 1994), and Jabal Abd Al-Aziz (Masseti 2000).</p><p>Recent records: Southwest steppes of Jabal Abd al-Aziz (2019–2021).</p><p>Remarks: Distribution may be extended into Mesopotamia based on photographic evidence obtained from steppes near Jabal Abd al-Aziz which proved to be  G. subgutturosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3BFFB2FF42FDC8B04411FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3BFFB7FF42F900B0301043.text	3874162A7E3BFFB7FF42F900B0301043.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>101. Eurasian Wild Pig,  Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 and  S. s. libycus Gray, 1868 .</p><p>Distribution: Abundant; commonly found in forested areas, riparian habitats, densely-vegetated wetland edges, and steppe habitats from northwest Aleppo to the coastal region, Sahl Al-Ghab, Yarmuk Valley; in low numbers in the northeast of Syria, where the species range may extend from Turkey and Iraq (Fig. 110). Historically found around Palmyra and Damascus and in the lower Syrian Euphrates but extinct since the 1950s, due to extensive persecution by locals.</p><p>Previous records: Lake Hijanah southeast of Damascus (Mac Gregor 1869), around Palmyra and Jabal er-Ruwak (Carruthers 1909), in the forests north of Latakia (Talbot 1960), Slenfe mountains (Serra 2004), east of Al-Qamishli, Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Jarablus, Orontes Basin, Qattinah (Kumerloeve 1975), Nabi-Houri to the north of Azaz (Zahoueh &amp; Cheiko 1993), Kasab, Sahl Al-Ghab, and Yarmuk Valley (Masseti 2004), Abu Qubays and Al-Furunlok (Daoud &amp; Khalil 2009a, b).</p><p>Recent records: Deir Sawwan (2008–2009), as-Samra, Koayah (2010), Al-Khatuniyah (southwest of Al Hasaka), Khaled Qello, Aabdeen, Al Tiah, Heit, Al-Bahlouliyah, Qismeen, Al-Qerdaha, Qarajaleh, Kafr Zeita, Um et-Tiur, Sreijes, Al Kadmous, Bmlakah, Al Qanjara, Mashqita, Sharifah, Al-Kneisat, Balluran, Ras Al-Baseet, Kafaria, Wadi Qandil, Al-Ajami, Jilleen, Sahm aj-Jolan, Al-Isawiyah, Kurfus, Efreen, Darkoush, Harf Al- Mseitrah, and vicinity of Kasab (2020–2021).</p><p>Remarks:  S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 is found along the Euphrates Valley, whereas  S. s. libycus Gray, 1868 occurs in northwest Syria and across the western and southern regions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3BFFB7FF42F900B0301043	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FBD4B61416DF.text	3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FBD4B61416DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepede 1804	<div><p>102. Common Minke Whale,  Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  B. a. acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804 .</p><p>Status: Occasional; stranded dead on the southern coast of Banias (Al-Khrab) (Ibrahim et al. 2020). (Fig. 111)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FBD4B61416DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FB24B109172B.text	3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FB24B109172B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>103. Fin Whale,  Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies:  B. p. physalus Linnaeus, 1758 .</p><p>Status: Regular; stranded dead on the coast of Al-Hamidiyah/Khrabih in 2010 (Ibrahim 2011a). Recent records: 12 km southwest of Latakia (2021) (Fig. 112).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FB24B109172B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FD81B72B1193.text	3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FD81B72B1193.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chordata	<div><p>Infraorder  Cetacea (Whales and Dolphins)</p><p>Cetacea is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises.Previous molecular studies and morphological examinations suggest that cetaceans were branched off from other  Artiodactyla (Thewissen et al. 2001) . In fact, cetaceans are deeply nested within the Artiodactyls; the two groups together form a monophyletic taxon, for which the name Cetartiodactyla is sometimes used (also see Song et al. 2012).</p><p>A total of 21 cetacean species were reported from the Mediterranean Sea (Notarbartolo di Sciara 2002; Gonzalvo &amp; Bearzi 2008). Their status was assessed according to the species’ frequency and time of occurrence as regular, occasional, or accidental. Overall, nine cetacean species were recorded in the Syrian marine waters as (i) live swimming animals found in the sea, (ii) dead bodies floating in the water, (iii) drifted or (iv) stranded dead specimens along the Syrian coast. As only few research attempts were carried out, the status of the cetacean fauna in the Syria marine waters is far to be fully known; therefore, further intensive research is needed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FD81B72B1193	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F994B676157B.text	3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F994B676157B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delphinus delphis Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>105. Common Dolphin (Inner Mediterranean subpopulation),  Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Status: Regular; stranded dead along the coasts of Tartous, Ras Al-Baseet, Latakia, and Ibn Hani (Saad 2008) and also found swimming in Al-Baseet (Ibrahim et al. 2015) and Burj Islam (Saad et al. 2019) (Fig. 114).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F994B676157B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F8D8B7FD150F.text	3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F8D8B7FD150F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grampus griseus (G. Cuvier 1812)	<div><p>106. Risso’s Dolphin,  Grampus griseus (G. Cuvier, 1812)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Status: Occasional; stranded dead to the south of Tartous coast (Ibrahim 2011a) (Fig. 115).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F8D8B7FD150F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FA68B3A21453.text	3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FA68B3A21453.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski 1781)	<div><p>104. Humpback Whale,  Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  M. n. novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781) .</p><p>Status: Occasional; stranded dead on the coast of Tartous in 2003 (Saad 2004; Ibrahim 2008; Gonzalvo &amp; Bearzi 2008; Saad 2008; Ibrahim 2011b), and a whale found swimming 3 km west of Tartous (Saad et al. 2019) (Fig. 113).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42FA68B3A21453	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F874B60C15A3.text	3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F874B60C15A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen 1833)	<div><p>107. Striped Dolphin,  Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Status: Occasional; a floating drifted specimen at Al-Bassah River (Dede et al. 2012; Ibrahim 2011a) (Fig. 116).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E3EFFB7FF42F874B60C15A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E32FFBBFF42F9F6B18D14DC.text	3874162A7E32FFBBFF42F9F6B18D14DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>109. Sperm Whale,  Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(IUCN Red List: VU)</p><p>Subspecies: Monotypic species.</p><p>Status: Occasional; a single specimen was found stranded dead along the coast of Tartous in 2005 (Gonzalvo &amp; Bearzi 2008; Ibrahim 2008; Ibrahim 2011a) (Fig. 119).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E32FFBBFF42F9F6B18D14DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E32FFBBFF42FB7AB13E17B4.text	3874162A7E32FFBBFF42FB7AB13E17B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tursiops truncatus (G. Montagu 1821)	<div><p>108. Common Bottlenose Dolphin,  Tursiops truncatus (G. Montagu, 1821)</p><p>(Fig. 117)</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Subspecies:  T.t. truncates (Montagu, 1821) .</p><p>Status: Regular; dolphins were found floating adrift in several places along the coasts of Ras Al-Baseet, Ibn Hani, Jableh and Banias (Gonzalvo &amp; Bearzi 2008; Saad 2008; Dede et al. 2012; Ibrahim 2011a; Saad et al. 2019) while others were encountered stranded dead at Jabla, Banias, Tartous, and Ibn Hani coasts (Gonzalvo &amp; Bearzi 2008; Ibrahim 2008; 2011a); Latakia, Tartous, Banias, and Ras Al Baseet coastlines (Saad 2008, Ibrahim 2011a). One injured individual was encountered near Laialina swimming club (Lattakia city) in October 2019 (Ibrahim et al. 2021). A swimming dolphin was found 6 km west of Tartous coast (see Ibrahim et al. 2021). Recent records: 5 km northwest of Tartous (2022) (Fig. 118).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E32FFBBFF42FB7AB13E17B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
3874162A7E32FFBBFF42F91EB17B1504.text	3874162A7E32FFBBFF42F91EB17B1504.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier 1823	<div><p>110.Cuvier’s Beaked Whale,  Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823</p><p>(IUCN Red List: LC)</p><p>Status: Regular; stranded dead along the coast of Tartous, Um et-Tiur, Wadi Qandil, Burj Islam, and Rmielah (Gonzalvo &amp; Bearzi 2008; Ibrahim 2008); along the coastlines near Ibn Hani, Jabla, and Al-Baseit (Saad 2008; Ibrahim 2008, 2011a) (Fig. 120).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3874162A7E32FFBBFF42F91EB17B1504	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Aidek, Ahmad E.;Ibrahim, Amir;Amr, Zuhair;Hutterer, Rainer;Kryštufek, Boris;Serra, Gianluca;Benda, Petr;Shkaky, Yesra;Barbanera, Filippo;Al-Sheikhly, Omar F.	Aidek, Ahmad E., Ibrahim, Amir, Amr, Zuhair, Hutterer, Rainer, Kryštufek, Boris, Serra, Gianluca, Benda, Petr, Shkaky, Yesra, Barbanera, Filippo, Al-Sheikhly, Omar F. (2025): Checklist of Mammals of Syria. Zootaxa 5580 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5580.1.1
