identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3F6E0124FFAD4E441F58E5E0FE25FB8B.text	3F6E0124FFAD4E441F58E5E0FE25FB8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pinichthys shirvanensis Bannikov - Bannikov 2021	<div><p>Pinichthys shirvanensis Bannikov, 2021</p><p>Figure 1 A</p><p>2021 Pinichthys shirvanensis Bannikov – Bannikov: 672, Figs. 1 –3.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.796875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.368443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.796875/lat 44.368443)">Material</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.796875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.368443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.796875/lat 44.368443)">Shirvanskaya village</a>, 44.368442°N, 39.796874°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.796875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.368443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.796875/lat 44.368443)">Pshekha River</a>, Krasnodar Region, Russia, Tarkhanian, Langhian, Middle Miocene. Fish specimen: PIN 5599 / 12; extracted otolith: SMF PO 101.357 .</p><p>Diagnosis (otolith): Tin, oval otolith; OL:OH = 1.7; OH:OT = 4.4. Dorsal rim regularly curved without postdorsal angle. Sulcus long, nearly horizontal median axially positioned. Cauda longer and narrower than ostium, slightly flexed posteriorly and slightly dorsally widened at flexure. Ventral field without ventral furrow.</p><p>Description (otolith): Small, thin, oval-shaped otolith of about 2 mm in length. Dorsal rim gently curving, highest anterior of its middle, irregularly undulating; postdorsal region slanted, without postdorsal angle. Ventral rim relatively shallow, regularly curving, smooth. Rostrum massive, long, with rounded albeit slightly damaged tip, about 18% of OL. Antirostrum and excisura weak. Posterior tip rounded, somewhat tapering.</p><p>Inner face mildly convex, with narrow, long, moderately deepened, horizontal axially positioned sulcus. OL:SuL = 1.1. Ostium moderately widened, much shorter than cauda. CaL:OsL = 1.4. Cauda long, slightly flexed toward tip and slightly dorsally widened at flexure, terminating close to posterior tip of otolith. Dorsal depression narrow, indistinct; dorsal field with few faint and short radial furrows. Ventral field smooth, without ventral furrow. Outer face flat, almost smooth.</p><p>Discussion: Stromateoid otoliths are often characterized by a thin, relatively flat appearance combined with a relatively narrow heterosulcoid sulcus pattern. Te specimen from which the otolith has been extracted is relatively small (6.9 cm TL) and the otolith is 1.9 mm in length. Even though rather small, the otoliths of Pinichthys are no exception and the otolith found in situ shows sufficient diagnostic valuable features. Bannikov (2021) compared Pinichthys with the extant stromateid genera and found Pampus Bonaparte, 1834 as putatively related. Te otolith of Pinichthys shirvanensis differs from extant Pampus otoliths (see Lombarte et al., 2006 for figures) in the dorsally widened posterior tip of the cauda (vs. tapering). Tree otolith-based taxa have been described in the past as allocated to Pampus: Pampus pampauensis Schwarzhans, 2010 from the Late Miocene of northern Germany (Fig. 1D, E); P. steurbauti Schwarzhans, 1994 from the late Oligocene to early Middle Miocene of the North Sea Basin (Fig. 1B, C); and P. uedemensis Schwarzhans, 2010 from the Late Miocene of northern Germany (Fig. 1F). Of these, P. steurbauti shows the dorsal widening of the posterior part of the cauda, and the species is therefore relocated to Pinichthys . Pampus pampauensis and P. uedemensis remain within Pampus .</p><p>Te otolith of Pinichthys shirvanensis differs from the earlier P. steurbauti in the slanted, low postdorsal region (vs. distinct, rounded postdorsal angle) and the much lower degree of crenulation of the otolith rims, which is intense in P. steurbauti . Bannikov (2021) listed three species of Pinichthys ( P. fractus Bannikov, 1985, P. pulcher Bannikov, 1988 and P. shirvanensis) from the early Oligocene to the Middle Miocene, all from the Paratethys, but one that may have also occurred in the North Sea Basin during the early Oligocene. Tis distribution makes it seem unlikely that the otolith-based P. steurbauti would represent the same species as any of the skeleton-based taxa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F6E0124FFAD4E441F58E5E0FE25FB8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schwarzhans, Werner W.;Bannikov, Alexandre F.	Schwarzhans, Werner W., Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2025): Otoliths in situ in PiniChthYS ShirvanenSiS Bannikov, 2021 (Stromateidae) from the Tarkhanian (Langhian, Middle Miocene) of the northern Caucasus (Russia). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 144 (1): 1-5, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00359-4, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-025-00359-4
