identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
461D4136FF9DFFBEBCEEFCFDF156FA96.text	461D4136FF9DFFBEBCEEFCFDF156FA96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colletes alini KUHLMANN 2000	<div><p>Colletes alini KUHLMANN, 2000</p><p>NOSKIEWICZ (1936) considered specimens originating from the Asian mainland, that were later recognised as a distinct taxon, to be identical with C. seitzi . The misidentification was recognised by KUHLMANN (1999, 2000) who described the continental taxon as the separate species C. alini .</p><p>Colletes alini is restricted to East Asia and hitherto only known from China, Mongolia and East Russia. It is distributed from the continental Pacific coasts of NE China and SE Russia to the westernmost records in Khakassia Republic (Russia) (KUHLMANN &amp; PROSHCHALYKIN 2011, PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN 2015), Chovd-Aimag (Mongolia) (KUHLMANN &amp; DORN 2002, KUHLMANN &amp; PROSHCHALYKIN 2013b) and Xinjiang Province (China) (NIU et al. 2014).</p><p>The bees are mainly active in July and August with very few earlier records from late May and June (KUHLMANN &amp; DORN 2002, KUHLMANN &amp; PROSHCHALYKIN 2011, KUHLMANN &amp; PROSHCHALYKIN 2013b, NIU et al. 2014, PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN 2015). The few available flower visitation records (NIU et al. 2014) suggest that C. alini is polylectic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461D4136FF9DFFBEBCEEFCFDF156FA96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kuhlmann, Michael;Ikudome, Shuichi	Kuhlmann, Michael, Ikudome, Shuichi (2025): Description of the male of Colletes seitzi ALFKEN, 1900 from Japan, with an illustrated key to the East Asian species of the C. caspicus species group (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 57 (1): 227-237, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16956587
461D4136FF9DFFBEBCEEFA92F295F993.text	461D4136FF9DFFBEBCEEFA92F295F993.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colletes anceps RADOSZKOWSKI 1891	<div><p>Colletes anceps RADOSZKOWSKI, 1891</p><p>The species is widespread in Central Asia and neighbouring southern and western regions (KUHLMANN &amp; PROSHCHALYKIN 2013a), but reaches East Asia only marginally in the far west of China (Xinjiang Province) (KUHLMANN 2009, NIU et al. 2014).</p><p>In East Asia specimens were found from June to August (KUHLMANN 2009, NIU et al. 2014). No information is available about flower visitation or nesting biology (KUHLMANN &amp; PROSHCHALYKIN 2013a, NIU et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461D4136FF9DFFBEBCEEFA92F295F993	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kuhlmann, Michael;Ikudome, Shuichi	Kuhlmann, Michael, Ikudome, Shuichi (2025): Description of the male of Colletes seitzi ALFKEN, 1900 from Japan, with an illustrated key to the East Asian species of the C. caspicus species group (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 57 (1): 227-237, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16956587
461D4136FF9EFFBDBCEEFF1DF195FC86.text	461D4136FF9EFFBDBCEEFF1DF195FC86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colletes caspicus MORAWITZ 1873	<div><p>Colletes caspicus MORAWITZ, 1873</p><p>Of all the species treated here, C. caspicus has the widest distribution, from Germany to the western parts of East Asia in Russia and China (PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN 2023). In the East Asian part of Russia C. caspicus is only known from the west of East Siberia. Easternmost records are from Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khakassia Republic and Tyva Republic (KUHLMANN &amp; PROSHCHALYKIN 2011, PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN 2015, PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN 2023). The species is not mentioned for China by NIU et al. (2014). However, without any further details it is listed for China in PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN (2023). The latter information is based on unpublished records of 2 males collected 3-4. June and 8-9. June 1908 by P. Kozlov in " Dyn-yuan’- in, N Alashan " (Coll. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia). According to PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; DATHE (2018), this site is located at N39º40' E106º20' in present-day Inner Mongolia, making it by far the easternmost locality of C. caspicus .</p><p>In East Asia specimens were found from late May to August (NOSKIEWICZ 1936, PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN 2015, PROSHCHALYKIN &amp; KUHLMANN 2023). According to MÜLLER &amp; KUHLMANN (2008) C. caspicus is, based on four pollen loads from three different sites, polylectic with a strong preference for Fabaceae . No information is available on its nesting biology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461D4136FF9EFFBDBCEEFF1DF195FC86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kuhlmann, Michael;Ikudome, Shuichi	Kuhlmann, Michael, Ikudome, Shuichi (2025): Description of the male of Colletes seitzi ALFKEN, 1900 from Japan, with an illustrated key to the East Asian species of the C. caspicus species group (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 57 (1): 227-237, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16956587
461D4136FF9EFFBDBCEEFCE2F16FFAC1.text	461D4136FF9EFFBDBCEEFCE2F16FFAC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colletes esakii HIRASHIMA 1958	<div><p>Colletes esakii HIRASHIMA, 1958</p><p>Colletes esakii is endemic to Japan (HIRASHIMA 1958, IKUDOME 1989) and widely distributed from Amami-ôshima Island through northern Kyushu to the central region of Honshu (distribution maps in IKUDOME 1989 and IKUDOME &amp; SUDA 2024).</p><p>Unlike the other East Asian species of the C. caspicus group, the biology of C. esakii has been extensively studied (MATSUNO et al. 2009). The main activity period is about six weeks from early July to late August (MATSUNO et al. 2009) but single specimens were also found as late as mid-October (MUROTA 2014, TAKAHASHI 2015). Based on analyses of 37 pure female scopal pollen loads C. esakii is assumed to be oligolectic on Zanthoxylum ailanthoides SIEB. &amp; ZUCC. ( Rutaceae), although pollen of other plant species were found in minor proportions in brood cells (MIYANAGA et al. 2015) and bees were observed to visit other flowers, too (TOGASHI 1991, YAMAMOTO 2017). The nesting biology was investigated in detail by NEGORO (1986), MATSUNO et al. (2009) and MIYANAGA et al. (2015) and immature stages were described by MURAO &amp; TADAUCHI (2005). Nests are parasitised by Cylindrothecum angustifrons (TOWNSEND) ( Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Smicromyrme rufipes (FABRICIUS) ( Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and Epeolus melectiformis YASUMATSU ( Hymenoptera: Apidae) (TOGASHI 1991, MATSUNO et al. 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461D4136FF9EFFBDBCEEFCE2F16FFAC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kuhlmann, Michael;Ikudome, Shuichi	Kuhlmann, Michael, Ikudome, Shuichi (2025): Description of the male of Colletes seitzi ALFKEN, 1900 from Japan, with an illustrated key to the East Asian species of the C. caspicus species group (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 57 (1): 227-237, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16956587
461D4136FF9EFFBCBCEEFAAAF084FD28.text	461D4136FF9EFFBCBCEEFAAAF084FD28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colletes seitzi ALFKEN 1900	<div><p>Colletes seitzi ALFKEN, 1900</p><p>The taxonomic status of C. seitzi was confused for a long time (see also comment under C. alini). The taxonomic and nomenclatural history of the species was explored in detail by KUHLMANN (1999, 2000) and is therefore only briefly summarised here. After the description of C. seitzi (based on a single female from Yokohama; ALFKEN 1900), NOSKIEWICZ (1936) assumed that the species also occurred outside Japan in China and Mongolia. Based on continental specimens he described the male of " C. seitzi " which later turned out to be a closely related new species known today as C. alini (KUHLMANN 1999, 2000). Colletes seitzi was only recently rediscovered in Japan based on specimens (males and females) collected since 2011 in the vicinity of Yokohama (IKUDOME &amp; SUDA 2024). On the basis of these specimens, the male of C. seitzi can now be described here for the first time.</p><p>Colletes seitzi is endemic to Japan with an unusually small distribution range. So far it has been found only in the Kantô region (Kanagawa and Chiba Prefectures) of Honshu, a large plain that is isolated by mountainous regions from neighbouring populations of C. esakii . According to current knowledge, the distribution areas of both species do not overlap (details of records and distribution maps in IKUDOME 1989 and IKUDOME &amp; SUDA 2024). Based on observations of six females and five males, adults are active for about four weeks, from mid-July to early August (IKUDOME &amp; SUDA 2024). For C. seitzi only a single flower visitation record on Trifolium repens LINN. ( Fabaceae) is documented (IKUDOME &amp; SUDA 2024) but no information is available on the nesting biology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/461D4136FF9EFFBCBCEEFAAAF084FD28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kuhlmann, Michael;Ikudome, Shuichi	Kuhlmann, Michael, Ikudome, Shuichi (2025): Description of the male of Colletes seitzi ALFKEN, 1900 from Japan, with an illustrated key to the East Asian species of the C. caspicus species group (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 57 (1): 227-237, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16956587
