identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
536F827BFFA353122AE1FB7AF3B2F5FA.text	536F827BFFA353122AE1FB7AF3B2F5FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola araujoi Delicado, Khalloufi & Hauffe 2025	<div><p>Pseudamnicola araujoi Delicado, Khalloufi &amp; Hauffe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 5, 6)</p><p>ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D1CEB40E-0C7F-4FC1-A5D0-991A3CCF0B4A</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Dr Rafael Araujo, curator of Malacology at Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) (2008–2021), who contributed greatly to the knowledge of freshwater molluscs, including those of Tunisia.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (MNCN 15.05 /200505H) and three paratypes (MNCN 15.05 /200505P) in the MNCN collection and 20 paratypes in the UGSB collection (UGSB 17299). Type locality:  Gnaa Spring, Jendouba, Tunisia.</p><p>Material studied</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.7895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.5653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.7895/lat 36.5653)">Gnaa Spring</a>, Jendouba, Tunisia, 36.5653°N, 8.7895°E, leg. N.K., August 2015, MNCN 15.05 /200505 and UGSB 17299 (80% ethanol)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small, ovate-conic; protoconch microsculpture pitted; central radular tooth formula 4-C-4/1-1; bursa copulatrix large, pyriform, with a duct longer than bursal length; SR1 long, elongate, with a short duct; penis gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region; nervous system darkly pigmented, elongate (mean RPG ratio =.60).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell ovate-conic, whorls 4–4.5, height 2.5–3 mm (Fig. 5A–C; Supporting Information, Table S3). Periostracum yellowish. Protoconch ~450 µm wide, whorls 1.5; nucleus ~150 µm wide; protoconch microsculpture pitted (Fig. 5G). Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, with deep sutures; body whorl large, occupying about three-quarters of total shell length. Aperture longer than wide, slightly oval; inner lip thicker than outer lip; peristome margin simple, straight (Fig. 5B). Umbilicus narrow, not covered by the inner lip. Holotype: SL = 2.87 mm, SW = 2.08 mm, AL = 1.61 mm, AW = 1.10 mm.</p><p>Operculum oval, yellowish, about two and a half whorls; muscle attachment area oval and located near the nucleus (Fig. 5E, F).</p><p>Radular length intermediate, ~650 µm (~25% of total shell length), with ~55 rows of teeth (Fig. 5H). Central tooth formula 4-C-4/1-1 (Fig. 5I); basal tongue V-shaped, length about equal to lateral margin. Lateral tooth formula 3-C-3. Inner marginal teeth having ~20 tapered cusps, shortening towards the base. Outer marginal teeth with ~25 sharp cusps (Fig. 5J).</p><p>Animal darkly pigmented, except for neck and tentacles (Fig. 6F, G). Snout as long as wide, with medium distal lobation; foot size intermediate, with dorsal pigmentation. Ctenidium with 17–19 well-developed gill filaments, occupying ~50% of pallial cavity length and posteriorly positioned. Osphradium of intermediate width and opposite middle of ctenidium (Fig. 6A). Stomach slightly longer than wide, with two chambers almost equal in size and a medium-sized posterior caecum; style sac longer than wide, surrounded by an unpigmented intestine (Fig. 6B; Supporting Information, Table S4). Nervous system elongate (mean RPG ratio =.60), darkly pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Female glandular oviduct approximately three times as long as wide. Albumen gland shorter than capsule gland. Bursa copulatrix large, pyriform, almost as long as wide. Bursal duct longer than bursal length. Renal oviduct black-pigmented until the insertion of seminal receptacle, making one or two loops. Seminal receptacle elongate, with a short duct, joining renal oviduct at the insertion point with bursal duct (Fig. 6D, E; Supporting Information, Table S5).</p><p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland approximately twice as long as wide, bean-shaped; seminal duct entering the middle-posterior region; pallial vas deferens emerging close to its anterior edge (Fig. 6H). Penis as long as head, gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region (Fig. 6F, G; Supporting Information, Table S6); base medium wide; attached well behind the right eye; penial duct narrow, curved, coursing close to outer edge.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Endemic to a small spring, in which the species lives in high abundance. The substrate is composed of silt and gravel. The average water temperature varies between 14°C in winter and 25°C in summer. The conductivity varies between 0.53 and 0.78 mS. Co-occurring mollusc species are  Bullaregia tunisiensis Khalloufi, Béjaoui &amp; Delicado, 2017,  Pisidium sp.,  Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774), and  Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to our DNA analyses, this species is more closely related to its congeners distributed in north-western Africa (Morocco) than those distributed in north-eastern Africa (Tunisia). It resembles  Pseudamnicola conovula from Tunisia in shell and penis features (Supporting Information, Figs S7F–L, S 8O–Q). Otherwise, it differs in having a larger bursa copulatrix and a COI average sequence divergence of 7.4%. The shell and aperture shapes of  P. araujoi are more similar to those of  P. calamensis and  P. linae (most probably a synonym of  P. calamensis) than any of the 15  Pseudamnicola species described in Algeria (Glöer et al. 2010: figs 6–20), which are mostly known from their shells. The morphology and morphometry of its female genitalia are, however, different from the other two species (Glöer et al. 2010: figs 6–20, for comparison; Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/536F827BFFA353122AE1FB7AF3B2F5FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Boulaassafer, Khadija;Khalloufi, Noureddine;Hauffe, Torsten	Delicado, Diana, Boulaassafer, Khadija, Khalloufi, Noureddine, Hauffe, Torsten (2025): A holistic perspective on species delimitation outperforms all methods based on single data types in freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae: Pseudamnicola). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010
536F827BFFA0530C29E0FD6BF054F176.text	536F827BFFA0530C29E0FD6BF054F176.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola argentariensis Delicado, Boulaassafer & Hauffe 2025	<div><p>Pseudamnicola argentariensis Delicado, Boulaassafer &amp; Hauffe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 7, 8)</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 1 — Delicado et al. 2018  Pseudamnicola sp. 1 — Boulaassafer et al. 2020</p><p>ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FBFFB25D-0A78-4EAF-A578-60EC1F6A761D</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Referring to Monte Argentario (Italy), a municipality located near the type locality  .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (MNCN 15.05 /200500H; dissected animal) and four paratypes (MNCN 15.05 /200500P) in the MNCN collection and ~ 50 paratypes in the UGSB collection (UGSB 11999). Type locality: a spring below the  Fontana Carpina, Monte Argentario, Grosseto Province, Italy.</p><p>Material studied</p><p>A spring below the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.0908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.4242" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.0908/lat 42.4242)">Fontana Carpina</a>, Monte Argentario, Grosseto Province, Italy, 42.4242°N, 11.0908°E, leg. S.C. and M.C., September 2012, MNCN 15.05 /200500 and UGSB 11999 (80% ethanol)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell relatively slender (SL/SW ratio&gt; 1.5); protoconch microsculpture pitted; central radular tooth formula 4-C-4/1-1; bursa copulatrix large, pyriform, with a duct longer than bursal length; SR1 elongate, with a short duct; penis gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region; nervous system slightly pigmented, elongate (mean RPG ratio =.61).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell ovate-conic, whorls 4–5, height 2.5–3.5 mm (Fig. 7A–C; Supporting Information, Table S3). Periostracum yellowish. Protoconch ~450 µm wide, whorls 1.5; nucleus ~125 µm wide; protoconch microsculpture pitted (Fig. 7G). Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, with deep sutures; body whorl large, occupying about two-thirds of total shell length. Aperture slightly oval; inner lip thicker than outer lip; peristome margin simple, straight (Fig. 7D). Umbilicus narrow, not covered by the inner lip. Holotype: SL = 3.46 mm, SW = 2.01 mm, AL = 1.69 mm, and AW = 1.24 mm.</p><p>Operculum oval, brownish, about two and a half whorls; muscle attachment area oval and located near the nucleus (Fig. 7E, F).</p><p>Radular length intermediate, ~675 µm (~25% of total shell length), with ~65 rows of teeth (Fig. 7H). Central tooth formula 4-C-4/1-1 (Fig. 7I); basal tongue V-shaped, length about equal to lateral margin. Lateral tooth formula 3-C-3. Inner marginal teeth having 20–23 tapered cusps, shortening towards the base. Outer marginal teeth with ~25 sharp cusps (Fig. 7J).</p><p>Animal darkly pigmented, except for neck and tentacles (Fig. 8F). Snout as long as wide, with medium distal lobation; foot size intermediate, with dorsal pigmentation. Ctenidium with 17–19 well-developed gill filaments, occupying ~50% of pallial cavity length and posteriorly positioned. Osphradium of intermediate width and opposite middle of ctenidium (Fig. 8A). Stomach slightly longer than wide, with two chambers almost equal in size and a medium-sized posterior caecum; style sac longer than wide, surrounded by an unpigmented intestine (Fig. 8B; Supporting Information, Table S4). Nervous system elongate (mean RPG ratio =.61), slightly pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size (Fig. 8C).</p><p>Female glandular oviduct approximately four times longer than wide. Albumen gland shorter than capsule gland. Bursa copulatrix pyriform, slightly longer than wide. Bursal duct longer than bursal length. Renal oviduct black-pigmented until the area above the insertion of seminal receptacle, coiled. Seminal receptacle elongate, with a short duct, joining renal oviduct slightly above the insertion point with bursal duct (Fig. 8D, E; Supporting Information, Table S5).</p><p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland approximately twice as long as wide, bean-shaped; seminal duct entering the middle-posterior region; pallial vas deferens emerging close to its anterior edge (Fig. 8H). Penis almost as long as head, gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region (Fig. 8F, G; Supporting Information, Table S6); base moderately wide; attached well behind the right eye; penial duct narrow, curved, coursing close to outer edge.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Endemic to a coastal spring on the Monte Argentario Peninsula.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Two hydrobiid populations occurring in Monte Argentario at the Fonte delle tre Viti Spring and Romito Spring were identified as  Amnicola moussoni (Calcara 1841) (=  Pseudamnicola moussonii) and  Amnicola vestita (Benoit, 1875), respectively, by Paulucci (1886). Our studied population near Fontana Caprina is here considered a distinct species because: (i) the two cited species by Paulucci (1886) were originally described from Sicily, and our integrative evidence suggested that the  Pseudamnicola species from Sicily have more restricted ranges than previously thought; (ii) according to Giusti (1976),  A. vestita is a synonym of  P. moussonii; and (iii) there are clear genetic (6.2% average sequence divergence for COI) and morphological differences (e.g. in shell or female genitalia features) between  P. argentariensis and  P. moussonii . Manganelli et al. (2017) reported several  Pseudamnicola populations in Monte Argentario, one from the same area as our studied snails, and tentatively classified them into  P. moussonii . Based on our species delimitation results, we recommend further genetic verification of this species identification, because  P. argentariensis can potentially occur in other localities in the region.</p><p>Pseudamnicola argentariensis is one of the few slender-shelled representatives of the genus. In comparison to other slender-shelled species, it can be distinguished by: its wider spire and larger aperture from  Pseudamnicola luteolus (Küster 1852-1853) from Algeria (Glöer et al. 2010: fig. 21); its smaller shell, larger aperture, less convex spire whorls, longer bursal duct, and wider penis from  P. granjaensis from Majorca (Delicado et al. 2014: figs 4, 8); and its more globous shell, wider spire, and larger aperture from  Pseudamnicola sciaccaensis Glöer &amp; Beckmann, 2007 from Sicily (Glöer and Beckmann 2007: fig. 1).</p><p>Snails were found in high abundance at the type locality, with the great majority being juveniles. Adult shells differed from the ones of the closely related  P. lucensis according to their generally higher spire and larger aperture (Supporting Information, Fig. S9).  Pseudamnicola argentariensis differs anatomically by having a larger bursa copulatrix, more slender penis, longer radula, and fewer cusps on the lateral radular teeth (Giusti 1976; Supporting Information, Fig. S10). Based on these morphological differences, previous studies identified these snails as a</p><p>18 • Delicado et al.</p><p>different species of  Pseudamnicola, not belonging to  P. lucensis, and referred to as  Pseudamnicola sp. 1 (Delicado et al. 2018, Boulaassafer et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/536F827BFFA0530C29E0FD6BF054F176	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Boulaassafer, Khadija;Khalloufi, Noureddine;Hauffe, Torsten	Delicado, Diana, Boulaassafer, Khadija, Khalloufi, Noureddine, Hauffe, Torsten (2025): A holistic perspective on species delimitation outperforms all methods based on single data types in freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae: Pseudamnicola). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010
536F827BFFBE53092866F9EAF0E1F494.text	536F827BFFBE53092866F9EAF0E1F494.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola bodoni Delicado, Boulaassafer & Hauffe 2025	<div><p>Pseudamnicola bodoni Delicado, Boulaassafer &amp; Hauffe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 9, 10)</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 5 — Delicado et al. 2015</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 3 — Delicado et al. 2018</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 3 — Boulaassafer et al. 2020</p><p>ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 536D395B-2699-420F-B2A6-8020BC0BC931</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Marco Bodon, collector of the species, in recognition of his valuable contribution to the knowledge of the molluscan fauna of Italy.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (MNCN 15.05 /200502H) in the MNCN collection and five paratypes in the UGSB collection (UGSB 988). Type locality: a spring on the left bank of the  Biedano Stream, Blera, Latium, Italy.</p><p>Material studied</p><p>A spring on the left bank of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.4348&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.2579" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.4348/lat 41.2579)">Biedano Stream</a>, Blera, Latium, Italy, 42.2680°N, 12.0256°E, leg. M.B., November 2007, MNCN 15.05 /200502H and UGSB 988 (80% ethanol).  A spring in Via Marrucella, Capri Island, Italy, 40.5492°N, 14.2323°E, leg. M.B., March 2004, UGSB 5967 (80% ethanol). A stream near Sperlonga, Latium, Italy, 41.2579°N, 13.4348°E, leg. M.B. and S.C., January 2014, UGSB 16628 (80% ethanol) .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small, ovate-conic, with a short spire; protoconch microsculpture pitted; central radular tooth formula 4-C-4/1-1; bursa copulatrix small, pyriform, with a duct slightly longer than bursal length; SR1 elongate, with a short duct; penis gradually tapering, unpigmented, with many folds over the entire surface and a wide base; nervous system darkly pigmented, elongate (mean RPG ratio =.50).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell ovate-conic, whorls 3–3.5, height 2–2.5 mm (Fig. 9A–C; Supporting Information, Table S3). Periostracum yellowish. Protoconch ~400 µm wide, whorls 1.5; nucleus ~125 µm wide; protoconch microsculpture pitted (Fig. 9G). Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, with deep sutures; body whorl large, occupying about three-quarters of total shell length. Aperture longer than wide, slightly oval; inner lip thicker than outer lip; peristome margin simple, straight (Fig. 9D). Umbilicus narrow, not covered by the inner lip. Holotype: SL = 2.21 mm, SW = 1.81 mm, AL = 1.26 mm, and AW = 0.86 mm.</p><p>Operculum oval, brownish, about two and a half whorls; muscle attachment area oval and located near the nucleus (Fig. 9E, F).</p><p>Radular length intermediate, ~600 µm (~25% of total shell length), with ~60 rows of teeth (Fig. 9H). Central tooth formula 4-C-4/1-1 (Fig. 9I); basal tongue V-shaped, length about equal to lateral margin. Lateral tooth formula 3-C-3. Inner marginal teeth having ~25 tapered cusps, shortening towards the base. Outer marginal teeth with ~20 sharp cusps (Fig. 9J).</p><p>Animal darkly pigmented except for neck and tentacles (Fig. 10F). Snout as long as wide, with medium distal lobation; foot size intermediate, with dorsal pigmentation. Ctenidium with 17–19 well-developed gill filaments, occupying ~50% of pallial cavity length and posteriorly positioned. Osphradium of intermediate width and opposite middle of ctenidium (Fig. 10A). Stomach as long as wide, with two chambers almost equal in size and a medium-sized posterior caecum; style sac longer than wide, surrounded by an unpigmented intestine (Fig. 10B; Supporting Information, Table S4). Nervous system elongate (mean RPG ratio =.50), darkly pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Female glandular oviduct approximately four times as long as wide. Albumen gland shorter than capsule gland. Bursa copulatrix small, pyriform, longer than wide. Bursal duct longer than bursal length. Renal oviduct black-pigmented until the area above the insertion of seminal receptacle, making one or two loops. Seminal receptacle elongate, with a short duct, joining renal oviduct at the insertion point with bursal duct (Fig. 10D, E; Supporting Information, Table S5).</p><p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland approximately three times as long as wide, bean-shaped; seminal duct entering the middle-posterior region; pallial vas deferens emerging close to its anterior edge (Fig. 10H). Penis shorter than head, gradually tapering, unpigmented, with many folds over the entire surface (Fig. 10F, G; Supporting Information, Table S6); base wide; attached well behind the right eye; penial duct narrow, curved, coursing close to outer edge.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>The species lives in coastal running waters, mainly in small springs.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The few individuals available for the study showed little variation in shell features (Fig. 9A–C). The species was first discovered by DNA-based phylogenetic analyses (Delicado et al. 2015), but the comprising populations could not be assigned to any of the nominal species owing to a lack of morphological information. In our study, all DNA-based species delimitation methods (except the ABGD for 16S) recovered this species as distinct from  P. lucensis,  P. orsinii, and  P. argentariensis, which also occur on the Apennine Peninsula and adjacent islands (Issel 1866, Giusti 1976, Falkner and Boeters 2003).  Pseudamnicola bodoni differs from these geographically proximate species in the combination of a short spire, short seminal receptacle, short penis, and average sequence divergence of 4.8%–7.8% for COI. It differs from the Sicilian populations of  P. moussonii and  P. reticulatus in having a more globose shell, a larger number of cusps on the marginal radular teeth, a shorter penis, and an average sequence divergence of 6.1%–7.6% for COI.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/536F827BFFBE53092866F9EAF0E1F494	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Boulaassafer, Khadija;Khalloufi, Noureddine;Hauffe, Torsten	Delicado, Diana, Boulaassafer, Khadija, Khalloufi, Noureddine, Hauffe, Torsten (2025): A holistic perspective on species delimitation outperforms all methods based on single data types in freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae: Pseudamnicola). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010
536F827BFFBB530B2995FC42F3CBF145.text	536F827BFFBB530B2995FC42F3CBF145.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola megastomus Delicado, Khalloufi & Hauffe 2025	<div><p>Pseudamnicola megastomus Delicado, Khalloufi &amp; Hauffe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 11, 12)</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 2 — Delicado et al. 2015 [in part]  Pseudamnicola sp. 2 — Delicado et al. 2018</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 2 — Boulaassafer et al. 2020</p><p>ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0DD397BA-5997-4FF8-8E42-A3A4EB495D83</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From Greek megastome, referring to the large shell aperture of this species.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (MNCN 15.05 /200501H) and ~ 30 paratypes (MNCN 15.05 /200501P) in the MNCN collection. Type locality: Wedi El Garâa Stream, Bizerte, Tunisia.</p><p>Material studied</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.6677&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.2055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.6677/lat 37.2055)">Wedi El Garâa Stream</a>, Bizerte, Tunisia, 37.2426°N, 9.7185°E, leg. N.K. and D.D., May 2009, MNCN 15.05 /200501 (70% ethanol).  A well in the Ennkhilet region, north of Ichkeul, Tunisia, 37.2055°N, 9.6677°E, leg. N.K. and D.D., May 2009, MNCN 15.05 /95107 (70% ethanol) .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell ovate-conic, with a relatively wide aperture (AW/AL ratio&gt;.75); protoconch microsculpture pitted; central radular tooth formula (4)3-C-3(4)/1-1; bursa copulatrix large, pyriform, with a duct slightly longer than bursal length; SR1 elongate, with a short duct; penis large, gradually tapering, unpigmented, with many folds over the entire surface and a moderately wide base; nervous system darkly pigmented, elongate (mean RPG ratio =.52).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell ovate-conic, whorls 4–4.5, height 3–4 mm (Fig. 11A, C, D; Supporting Information, Table S3). Periostracum yellowish. Protoconch ~450 µm wide, whorls 1.5; nucleus ~120 µm wide; protoconch microsculpture pitted (Fig. 11F). Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, with deep sutures; body whorl large, occupying about three-quarters of total shell length. Aperture almost as wide as long, slightly oval; inner lip thicker than outer lip; peristome margin simple, straight (Fig. 11B). Umbilicus narrow, not covered by the inner lip. Holotype: SL = 3.75 mm, SW = 2.75 mm, AL = 2.04 mm, and AW = 1.62 mm.</p><p>Operculum oval, brownish, about two and a half whorls; muscle attachment area oval and located near the nucleus (Fig. 11E).</p><p>Radular length intermediate, ~750 µm (~25% of total shell length), with ~55 rows of teeth (Fig. 11G). Central tooth formula (4)3-C-3(4)/1-1 (Fig. 11H); basal tongue V-shaped, length about equal to lateral margin. Lateral tooth formula 2-C-2 (rarely with three lateral cusps). Inner marginal teeth having 16–17 tapered cusps, shortening towards the base. Outer marginal teeth with ~22 sharp cusps (Fig. 11I).</p><p>Animal black-pigmented except for neck and tentacles (Fig. 12F). Snout as long as wide, with medium distal lobation; foot size intermediate, with dorsal pigmentation. Ctenidium with 16–19 well-developed gill filaments, occupying ~50% of pallial cavity length and posteriorly positioned. Osphradium of intermediate width and opposite middle of ctenidium (Fig. 12A). Stomach as long as wide, with two chambers almost equal in size and a medium-sized posterior caecum; style sac longer than wide, surrounded by an unpigmented intestine (Fig. 12B; Supporting Information, Table S4). Nervous system elongate (mean RPG ratio =.52), darkly pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size (Fig. 12C).</p><p>Female glandular oviduct approximately three times as long as wide. Albumen gland shorter than capsule gland. Bursa copulatrix pyriform, longer than wide. Bursal duct longer than bursal length. Renal oviduct black-pigmented until the insertion of seminal receptacle or the area above, relatively straight. Seminal receptacle elongate, with a short duct, joining renal oviduct at the insertion point with bursal duct (Fig. 12D, E; Supporting Information, Table S5).</p><p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland approximately three times as long as wide, bean-shaped; seminal duct entering the middle-posterior region; pallial vas deferens emerging close to its anterior edge (Fig. 12H). Penis longer than head, gradually tapering, unpigmented, with many folds over the entire surface (Fig. 12F, G; Supporting Information, Table S6); base narrower than central area of penis; attached well behind the right eye; penial duct narrow, curved, coursing close to outer edge.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Known from two different habitat types in southern Bizerte. The species was found in the muddy bottom of a stream (Wedi El Garâa) near Bizerte and attached to the walls of a well in the Ennkhilet region north of Ichkeul. In the first locality, aquatic plants are sparse, and the water temperature and conductivity are 22°C and 2.6–2.9 mS, respectively. In the second locality, aquatic plants ( Ranunculus sp. and  Lemna minor Linn.) and filamentous algae ( Spirogyra sp.) are dense. The temperature and conductivity of the water are high (24°C and 1.6–2.4 mS, respectively). Snails were found in low abundance at the two localities. Co-occurring mollusc species are  Galba truncatula,  Physella acuta,  Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817), and  Pisidium sp.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pseudamnicola megastomus has an unusually large shell aperture, comparable to that of  Pseudamnicola algeriensis Glöer, Bouzid &amp; Boeters, 2010 (Glöer et al. 2010: fig. 14). However, specimens of  P. megastomus are slightly smaller and have a narrower last body whorl and a wider aperture than in the latter species. Its shell morphology is similar to that of a paratype of  Pseudamnicola ghamizii Glöer, Bouzid &amp; Boeters, 2010 (Glöer et al. 2010: fig. 39), but differs in its higher shell and larger aperture. The species was recorded from north-eastern Tunisia, where another accepted species of  Pseudamnicola,  P. meluzzii, is distributed. The former can be distinguished easily by having a larger shell, a wider aperture, fewer cusps on the lateral and central radular teeth, and a longer bursa copulatrix. The features of the penis of both species are very similar. The newly discovered species in north-western Tunisia,  P. araujoi, differs from  P. megastomus in having a smaller and more globose shell, a shorter penis, and a less concentrated nervous system.  Pseudamnicola megastomus and  P. conovula were depicted as closely related species in previous studies (Delicado et al. 2015, 2018, Boulaassafer et al. 2020) and by all our phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2; Supporting Information, Figs S4–S 6). However, this relationship has always</p><p>Gastropod species delimitation • 23 been poorly supported. A population of  P. conovula living at Toute Stream (Bizerte Region) and its conspecific populations differ from  P. megastomus according to their different shell features and female reproductive anatomy. The average sequence divergence among these four species was 2.5%–7.4% for COI.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/536F827BFFBB530B2995FC42F3CBF145	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Boulaassafer, Khadija;Khalloufi, Noureddine;Hauffe, Torsten	Delicado, Diana, Boulaassafer, Khadija, Khalloufi, Noureddine, Hauffe, Torsten (2025): A holistic perspective on species delimitation outperforms all methods based on single data types in freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae: Pseudamnicola). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010
536F827BFFB95304299BF913F372F1D0.text	536F827BFFB95304299BF913F372F1D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola reticulatus Delicado, Boulaassafer & Hauffe 2025	<div><p>Pseudamnicola reticulatus Delicado, Boulaassafer &amp; Hauffe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 13, 14)</p><p>Pseudamnicola orsinii (Küster, 1852) — Delicado et al. 2015</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 5 — Delicado et al. 2018</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 5 — Boulaassafer et al. 2020</p><p>ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD01E3A2- 61DA-4003-8950-F6743F7FCB01</p><p>Etymology</p><p>In Latin,  reticulatus means reticulated, describing the net-like shell sculptures found in the type population.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (MNCN 15.05 /200503H; dissected animal) and one paratype (MNCN 15.05 /200503P) in the MNCN collection and six paratypes in the UGSB collection (UGSB 5971). Type locality: a spring discharging to the  Fiumefreddo River, Fiumefreddo di Sicilia, Sicily, Italy.</p><p>Material studied</p><p>A spring discharging to the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.2271&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.7851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.2271/lat 37.7851)">Fiumefreddo River</a>, Fiumefreddo Sicilia, Sicily, Italy, 37.7851°N, 15.2271°E, leg. M.B., January 2008, MNCN 15.05 /200503 and UGSB 5971 (80% ethanol)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small, ovate-conic, with a fine net-like surface sculpture (in the type population); protoconch microsculpture pitted; central radular tooth formula (4)3-C-3(4)/1-1; bursa copulatrix medium-sized, pyriform, with a duct longer than bursal length; SR1 long, elongate, with a short duct; penis gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface, a moderately wide base, and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region; nervous system darkly pigmented, elongate (mean RPG ratio =.52).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell ovate-conic, whorls 3.5–4, height 2.00– 3.25 mm, with a fine net-like surface sculpture (in the type population) (Fig. 13A–C; Supporting Information, Table S3). Periostracum yellowish to whitish. Protoconch ~500 µm wide, eroded in the type population, whorls 1.5; nucleus ~150 µm wide; protoconch microsculpture pitted (Fig.13G). Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, with deep sutures; body whorl large, occupying about three-quarters of total shell length. Aperture longer than wide, slightly oval; inner lip thicker than outer lip; peristome margin simple, straight (Fig. 13D). Umbilicus narrow, not covered by the inner lip. Holotype: SL = 3.28 mm, SW = 2.23 mm, AL = 1.85 mm, and AW = 1.40 mm.</p><p>Operculum oval, yellowish, about two and a half whorls; muscle attachment area oval and located near the nucleus (Fig. 13E, F).</p><p>Radular length intermediate, ~600 µm (~25% of total shell length), with ~55 rows of teeth (Fig. 13H). Central tooth formula (4)3-C-3(4)/1-1 (Fig. 13I); basal tongue V-shaped, length about equal to lateral margin. Lateral tooth formula 3-C-3. Inner marginal teeth having 15–20 tapered cusps, shortening towards the base. Outer marginal teeth with ~20 sharp cusps (Fig. 13J).</p><p>Animal darkly pigmented, with pigmentation lighter on neck and tentacles (Fig. 14F). Snout as long as wide, with medium distal lobation; foot size intermediate, with dorsal pigmentation. Ctenidium with ~20 well-developed gill filaments, occupying ~50% of pallial cavity length and posteriorly positioned. Osphradium of intermediate width and opposite middle of ctenidium (Fig. 14A). Stomach slightly longer than wide, with two chambers almost equal in size and a medium-sized posterior caecum; style sac longer than wide, surrounded by an unpigmented intestine (Fig. 14B; Supporting Information, Table S4). Nervous system elongate (mean RPG ratio =.52), darkly pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size (Fig. 14C).</p><p>Female glandular oviduct approximately three times as long as wide. Albumen gland shorter than capsule gland. Bursa copulatrix small, pyriform, longer than wide. Bursal duct slightly longer than bursal length. Renal oviduct black-pigmented until the area above the insertion of seminal receptacle, relatively straight. Seminal receptacle elongate, with a short duct, joining renal oviduct at the insertion point with bursal duct (Fig. 14D, E; Supporting Information, Table S5).</p><p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland approximately twice longer than wide, bean-shaped; seminal duct entering the middle-posterior region; pallial vas deferens emerging close to its anterior edge (Fig. 14H). Penis as long as head, gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region (Fig. 14F, G; Supporting Information, Table S6); base moderately wide; attached well behind the right eye; penial duct narrow, curved, coursing close to outer edge.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Endemic to a small coastal spring.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We dissected six of the eight specimens of  P. reticulatus deposited in the UGSB collection and found only one female. All specimens had an eroded shell apex and a fine net-like shell sculpture, the latter feature atypical in  Pseudamnicola . Delicado et al. (2015) identified the  Pseudamnicola population occurring in the same spring near Fiumefreddo di Sicilia as  P. orsinii . There is, however, a large genetic divergence (4% for COI) between the  P. reticulatus and the newly sequenced snail from the type locality region of  P. orsinii, in addition to morphological differences detected in shells and other anatomical structures, which might disprove this identification. The phylogenetic studies of Delicado et al. (2018) and Boulaassafer et al. (2020) inferred that the  P. reticulatus clade was phylogenetically distant from the  P. moussonii clade. The two species differ according to a set of morphological characters: the shell spire and aperture are wider in  P. reticulatus (for comparison, see Giusti 1976; Falkner and Boeters 2003); the bursal duct and seminal receptacle of the single dissected female from the type locality of  P. moussonii are slightly longer than the ones measured in the  P. reticulatus female, but this difference needs confirmation; and the penis is generally wider in  P. reticulatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/536F827BFFB95304299BF913F372F1D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Boulaassafer, Khadija;Khalloufi, Noureddine;Hauffe, Torsten	Delicado, Diana, Boulaassafer, Khadija, Khalloufi, Noureddine, Hauffe, Torsten (2025): A holistic perspective on species delimitation outperforms all methods based on single data types in freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae: Pseudamnicola). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010
536F827BFFB6530629F3F88FF1FCF7E1.text	536F827BFFB6530629F3F88FF1FCF7E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola sardiniensis Delicado, Boulaassafer & Hauffe 2025	<div><p>Pseudamnicola sardiniensis Delicado, Boulaassafer &amp; Hauffe sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 15, 16)</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 7 — Delicado et al. 2018</p><p>Pseudamnicola sp. 7 — Boulaassafer et al. 2020</p><p>ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6A58528E-3FD4-4AC3-8BAC-589039156CFD</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species name refers to the occurrence of this species on the island of Sardinia.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (MNCN 15.05 /200504H) and three paratypes in the  UGSB collection (UGSB 15501). Type locality: stream near  Bau sa Mela, Nurallao, Sardinia, Italy  .</p><p>Material studied</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.1052&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.1052/lat 39.84)">Stream</a> near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.1052&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.1052/lat 39.84)">Bau</a> sa Mela, Nurallao, Sardinia, Italy, 39.8400°N, 9.1052°E, leg. M.S., September 2000, MNCN 15.05 /200504 and UGSB 15501 (80% ethanol)  .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small, ovate-conic, with a short spire; protoconch microsculpture pitted; central radular tooth formula (5)4-C-4(5)/1-1; penis gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface, a moderately wide base and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region; nervous system darkly pigmented, elongate (mean RPG ratio =.64).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell ovate-conic, whorls 4, height 2.0– 2.5 mm (Fig. 15A, B; Supporting Information, Table S6). Periostracum yellowish. Protoconch ~400 µm wide, whorls 1.5; nucleus ~150 µm wide; protoconch microsculpture pitted (Fig. 15C). Teleoconch whorls moderately convex, with deep sutures; body whorl large, occupying about three-quarters of total shell length. Aperture longer than wide, slightly oval; inner lip thicker than outer lip; peristome margin simple, straight. Umbilicus narrow, not covered by the inner lip. Holotype: SL = 2.29 mm, SW = 1.75 mm, AL = 1.34 mm, and AW = 1.03 mm.</p><p>Operculum oval, yellowish, about two and a half whorls; muscle attachment area oval and located near the nucleus.</p><p>Radular length intermediate, ~500 µm (~25% of total shell length), with ~45 rows of teeth (Fig.15D). Central tooth formula (5)4-C-4(5)/1-1 (Fig. 15E); basal tongue V-shaped, length about equal to lateral margin. Lateral tooth formula 4-C-4. Inner marginal teeth having 20–25 tapered cusps, shortening towards the base. Outer marginal teeth with ~25 sharp cusps (Fig. 15F).</p><p>Animal darkly pigmented, except for neck and tentacles (Fig. 16D). Snout as long as wide, with medium distal lobation; foot size intermediate, with dorsal pigmentation. Ctenidium with ~15 well-developed gill filaments, occupying ~50% of pallial cavity length and posteriorly positioned. Osphradium of intermediate width and opposite middle of ctenidium (Fig. 16A). Stomach slightly longer than wide, with two chambers almost equal in size and a medium-sized posterior caecum; style sac longer than wide, surrounded by an unpigmented intestine (Fig. 16B; Supporting Information, Table S4). Nervous system elongate (mean RPG ratio =.64), darkly pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size (Fig. 16C).</p><p>Female genitalia unknown.</p><p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland approximately twice longer than wide, bean-shaped; seminal duct entering the middle-posterior region; pallial vas deferens emerging close to its anterior edge (Fig. 16F). Penis as long as head, gradually tapering, with many folds over the entire surface and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region (Fig. 16D, E; Supporting Information, Table S6); base moderately wide; attachment area central; penial duct narrow, curved, coursing close to outer edge.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Endemic to a small stream, where the species was found in low abundance.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>We dissected three of the eight specimens of  P. sardiniensis deposited in the UGSB collection and found no female specimens. The shell of this species has a lower spire than that of the other two newly discovered species in Sardinia ( Pseudamnicola sp. 10 and 11). Its penis is slightly narrower than in the other two species. There is, however, a large genetic divergence (7.5% for COI) between  P. sardiniensis and the other two species endemic to Sardinia ( Pseudamnicola sp. 10 and 11). The average sequence divergence with  P. moussonii, another species of  Pseudamnicola reported from the island (Giusti and Castagnolo 1983), was 8% for COI.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/536F827BFFB6530629F3F88FF1FCF7E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Boulaassafer, Khadija;Khalloufi, Noureddine;Hauffe, Torsten	Delicado, Diana, Boulaassafer, Khadija, Khalloufi, Noureddine, Hauffe, Torsten (2025): A holistic perspective on species delimitation outperforms all methods based on single data types in freshwater gastropods (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae: Pseudamnicola). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae010
