identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
503187FCFFCDFF8883F9FD41F1E6FBF4.text	503187FCFFCDFF8883F9FD41F1E6FBF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acerocnema breviseta (Zetterstedt 1846)	<div><p>Results</p><p>BIOLOGY. Adults of both sexes (Figs 1–3) are found during spring (last April – early May). The flies are encountered in places with Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv., 1811 (fam. Papaveraceae) (Figs 4–6).</p><p>The life history of this species can be summarized as follows: adults emerge from overwintering pupae from the middle of April and, after mating, lay eggs to seeds of Corydalis solida from the late of April to early of May. Larvae apparently penetrate the seed of Corydalis solida (Fig. 4) to consume its contents through the micropyle (Fig. 12).</p><p>Mature (three instar) larvae leave the fruit and form their puparia in wet soil. There is only one generation a year; puparia are formed in middle–late May and overwinter at this stage.</p><p>DESCRIPTION OF IMMATURE STAGES. Third instar larva. Body length 4.7 mm, maximal width 1.2 mm.Body shape cylindrical, tapering anteriorly. Creamy white, integument regularly covered with transparent spinules (Fig. 11). Creeping welts are not developed. Anterior spiracles bicornuate, each cornu with 7–8 papillae (Fig. 9). Cephalopharyngeal skeleton strongly sclerotized and massive (Fig. 8). Mandibles large without accessory dents. Hypopharynx short. Pharyngeal sclerite with dorsal cornu longer than the ventral. Dorsal cornu with narrow thin long window. Ventral cornu with large open window.</p><p>Terminal segment of the body with two short respiratory tubes. Spiracular plates flat without developed spines, each with three identical radial spiracular openings (Fig. 10). Terminal segment with 5 pairs of tubercles. Perianal pad transverse, anus is situated in a longitudinal cleft.</p><p>Puparium. Body length 4.0 mm, maximal width 1.1 mm. Body shape cylindrical, tapering and bilobed anteriorly (Fig. 16). Brown, integument regularly covered with dark spinules. Creeping welts are not developed. Anterior spiracles bicornuate, each cornu with 7–8 papillae. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton as in third instar larva (Fig.8). Terminal segment of the body (Figs 13–15) with two short respiratory tubes. Spiracular plates flat without developed spines, each with three radial spiracular openings (Fig. 10). Terminal segment with 5 pairs tubercles 4 of them (dorsal, lateral, subventral, subanal) are large and fleshy, ventral tubercles are small (Figs 13–15). Perianal pad brown, transverse, anus is situated in a longitudinal cleft (Figs 15, 16).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/503187FCFFCDFF8883F9FD41F1E6FBF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ozerov, A. L.;Krivosheina, M. G.	Ozerov, A. L., Krivosheina, M. G. (2024): To the biology of Acerocnema breviseta (Zetterstedt, 1846) (Diptera: Scathophagidae), with description of immature stages. Russian Entomological Journal 33 (3): 401-406, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.33.3.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.33.3.13
