identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
542B87FDFFAA04139FDEC0A1FD17F963.text	542B87FDFFAA04139FDEC0A1FD17F963.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorinae Bolivar 1887	<div><p>Subfamily  Metrodorinae Bolívar, 1887</p><p>Redescription. Specimens slender or robust (Figs. 1–125). Face generally ovoid or subrectangular, taller than wide, vertex with variable width, differing mainly between tribes (in the tribe  Metrodorini vertex usually wider than in the remaining tribes, at least as wide as one of the eyes or a little wider (Figs. 1D, 7A, 10A, 26C, 34A, 47A)). Antennae with variable lengths and numbers of antennomeres, ranging from 10 to 15 segments, but most taxa with 14 or 15 (the group with the lowest number of segments is subtribe  Mucrotettigina stat. nov. of the tribe  Metrodorini) (Figs. 61B, 61C, 62A)). Antennae rarely modified or flattened (Figs. 97B, C), mostly filiform (Figs. 79, 107); antennal groves located at the middle of the eyes or on the level of the lower margin of the eyes. Medial and lateral carinae of vertex produced only in  Metrodorini (Figs. 26B, 29B, 34B, 47B, 67B, 68C, 74B) and  Metopomystrini trib. nov. (Figs. 77D, 80B). Fascial carinae mid-sized, reaching up to the middle of the face, with the branches parallel or divergent so that the scutellum can be narrow to wide (Figs. 1D, 7A, 10A, 26C, 34A, 47A). Eyes rounded, with almost straight ventral margin; ocelli present and visible, located in the middle of the eyes (occasionally at the level of the lower margin of the eyes or lower (Figs. 100B, 102C)), central ocellus on the lower margin of the scutellum (Figs. 1D, 7A, 10A, 26C, 34A, 47A, 87C, 120C). Pronotum with different shapes, which may exceed the abdomen or not; median carina may be rised in a crest, or the anterior section may rise together like a hump (Figs. 10B, 12A, 16B, 22B, 34A, 60B), although flat pronotum with sub-elevated midline also may occur (Figs. 1A, 30A, 46A, 68A); lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum projecting noticeably to the sides (Figs. 1E, 7C, 12B, 29C, 57C, 74C, 85C, 95B, 108C, 124D) (in  Metopomystrini trib. nov. moderately projected to the sides (Figs. 77B, 80C, 83B)), the apex may be acute or rounded, rarely projecting into a conspicuous spine. Tegminal sinus usually present, with different development degrees; humeral carinae developed and may be sinuous or straight. Tegmina and hindwings absent or present. If present, tegmina ovoid or lanceolate and medium-sized. Dorsal margin of the fore and mid femora carinated; tarsi elongated, with the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Ovipositor valves with normal development and medium-sized denticulations (Figs. 22G, 49G, 67G), except for the tribe  Garciaitettigini trib. nov., with narrow valves and smaller denticulations compared to the other subfamily members.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical and Greater Antilles (Maps 1–8).</p><p>Remarks. This subfamily is widely distributed worldwide, with representatives in America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Currently, it includes more than 100 genera and almost 700 species (Cigliano et al. 2024). The taxonomy of the group must have additional studies for the effective delimitation of its taxa, since it is not considered monophyletic (Pavón et al., 2012; Silva et al., 2017). This contribution proposes a tribal system (with five tribes) and an adjustment to the American and Malagasy  Metrodorinae classification.</p><p>This description for  Metrodorinae is made by focusing on the American taxa, which meets some of the characters traditionally used to distinguish the subfamily, in addition to others incorporated here. The inconsistency in several traditional characters is mainly noted in the taxa of Africa, Asia, and Oceania. For these last two regions, additional studies are necessary to verify the affiliation with the subfamily or determine if a different classification, as proposed here for Malagasy taxa, is needed.</p><p>Currently, within the  Metrodorinae, some genera do not fit the diagnosis, most likely because they are  Tetriginae, that are superficially similar to the  Metrodorinae, or that were included with doubts in that subfamily, which is why the following taxa are relocated, and their respective justification is argued below:</p><p>1) It is proposed to move  Allotettix Hancock, 1899 and  Crimisus Bolívar, 1887 into the subfamily  Tetriginae since they fit the typical characters of the subfamily, such as: the antenna inserted at the lower margin of the eyes; Lshaped carinae of the vertex, rounded lateral lobes of pronotum close to pronotum (slightly sidewards); the presence of post-humeral spots in speciemens, and pulvilli of first tarsomere of the hind tarsi with small apical teeth. These genera have large oval tegmina, which is common in several genera of American  Tetriginae, to which it is related, as  Danielatettix Cadena-Castañeda, 2021 and  Stenodorsus Hancock, 1906 . Likewise, the previously mentioned genera differ from the other  Tetriginae by having the first and third posterior tarsomeres of similar length.</p><p>The genus  Allotettix needs additional review to delimit its species. A significant contribution was made by Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012), differentiating  Allotettix simoni (Bolívar, 1890) and  Allotettix peruvianus (Bolívar, 1887).  Allotettix fuscipennis Bruner, 1910 is placed here in the new genus  Brunneritettix gen. nov.;  Allotettix chapadensis Bruner, 1910 syn. nov. is synonymized under  Danielatettix caudatus (Saussure, 1861), adjusting to the color form two known for this species (Cadena-Castañeda et al., 2021). The type series of  Allotettix cayennensis (Bolívar, 1887) is lost, and the remaining species of this genus must be delimited and compared with better-known species.</p><p>The genus  Crimisus also needs revision, and its species are poorly delimited. The type species ( Crimisus patruus Bolívar, 1887), is similar to  D. caudatus, although (for us) they are not synonyms. On the other hand, it must be verified if the species described by Bruner are all deposited in ANSP or if any were lost, as has happened with other taxa described by this author (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cortés-Torres, 2013).</p><p>2)  Cotys Bolívar, 1887, is a genus with two species that resemble some  Crimisus species with short-pronotum. Its status should be reviewed to verify if both genera are synonymous. For now,  Cotys is moved to  Tetriginae due to its morphological similarity and closeness to  Crimisus and  Danielatettix .</p><p>3) The genus  Scabrotettix Hancock, 1907 is also being transferred to  Tetriginae . It meets the common characters for this subfamily, fitting in the same way as  Allotettix and  Crimisus .  Scabrotettix additionally has a very conspicuous, ovoid, relatively long tegmina and the hind wings surpass the apex of the pronotum. The females are robust and resemble in habitus some species of  Paratettix Bolívar, 1887, and it can be easily confused. A notable case is  Scabrotettix magistralis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1900), which is the only species with lateral lobes of pronotum strongly acutely produced outwards, incongruent with the typical concept of  Tetriginae regarding this character. Five species of this genus were described from South America. It would be important to verify if they are different species or synonyms.</p><p>4) Similarly to the genera mentioned above,  Crimisodes Hebard, 1932 fits the characters of  Tetriginae .Although, it differs from them by not having conspicuously oval tegmina, and, in this case, the first and third hind tarsomeres are not similar in length.  Crimisodes resemble the shape of the pronotum, fore femur, and frontal costa of  Micronotus Hancock, 1902 and  Liotettix Bolívar, 1906 species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFAA04139FDEC0A1FD17F963	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFAB04109FDEC400FA5FFC3D.text	542B87FDFFAB04109FDEC400FA5FFC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorinae Bolivar 1887	<div><p>Key to tribes of Neotropical  Metrodorinae</p><p>1. Body depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 121A, 122A, 125A). Vertex not projected between the eyes, slightly tapering and truncated anteriorly (Figs. 121B, 123B, 124B). Mid-femur strongly expanded, dorsal and ventral margins of mid-femur lobed or foliaceous (Figs. 121F, 123F). Species camouflage frequently resembling lichens or bryophytes...........  Amorphopini</p><p>- Body not depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 1A, 15A, 59). Vertex variable in shape, projected or not between the eyes (Figs. 1D, 51B). Mid-femur thin, not strongly expanded, dorsal and ventral margins of mid-femur without lobes or foliaceous (Figs. 10E, 43E). Species rarely camouflage between lichens or bryophytes................................................ 2</p><p>2. Vertex whole expanded “horn-like” (Figs. 77B, 78B). Head in lateral view strongly oblique (Figs. 77D, 78A, 80B), and in frontal view, scutellum very narrow (Figs. 77C, 80A). Fore and mid femora with almost straight upper and lower margins (Figs.80D, E). Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum poorly projected to the sides and without any type of armature (Figs. 80C, 81B, 83B).............................................................  Metopomystrini trib. nov.</p><p>- Vertex not prolonged as a whole; if any head extension is observed, it is only the extension of the medial carina of the vertex, which is mostly wide in frontal view; scutellum variable (Figs. 1D, 10A, 29A). Fore and mid femora with undulated upper and lower margins (Figs. 10D, 22D, 29D). Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum moderately or well-projected towards the sides, with variable shapes, generally triangular, with or without spines (Figs. 29C, 45C, 57C, 67C, 74C)............. 3</p><p>3. Carinae of the vertex not produced at all, and medial carina low (Figs. 108B, 120A). Frontal costa straight and scutellum narrow (Figs. 102C, 104C, 105C, 112C).........................................................  Otumbini trib. nov.</p><p>- Carinae of the vertex produced in different levels, mostly conspicuous, with lateral carinae forming more or less pronounced horns and medial carina visibly compresso-elevated (Figs. 1A, 16B, 29B). Frontal costa rounded or divergent, rarely straight (Figs. 1D, 16A, 29A).................................................................................. 4</p><p>4. Vertex almost 1.5 times wider than the eye, medial carina not strongly expressed, and vertex usually concave (Figs. 85E, 86C, 89C). Scutellum narrow (Figs. 87C, 91C, 97A). Median carinae of pronotum slightly elevated in some sections, pronotal disc mostly flat but with mid-sized undulations (Figs. 86A, 89A, 91A, 96A). Most species slender and winged..............................................................................................  Garciaitettigini trib. nov.</p><p>- Vertex approximately two times (or more) wider than the eye, medial carina strongly expressed, and vertex convex (Figs. 1D, 16A, 29A). Scutellum mostly wider (rarely narrow) (Figs. 7A, 22A, 34A). Median carinae of pronotum arcuate, mostly forming a crest in different shapes (Figs. 10B, 16B, 22B). Most species robust and apterous.......................  Metrodorini</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFAB04109FDEC400FA5FFC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFA804119FDEC77FFAD1FCE7.text	542B87FDFFA804119FDEC77FFAD1FCE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorini	<div><p>Tribe  Metrodorini Bolívar, 1887</p><p>Type genus:  Metrodora Bolívar , 1887.</p><p>Emended description. Body mostly robust (Figs. 1A, 4A, 12A, 60, 73), but with slender species (Figs. 64, 68), and small to medium size species (4–16 mm.). Head little exserted (i.e., top of head slightly surpassing the anterior margin of pronotum in lateral view); upper margin of the vertex approximately at the level of the upper margin of the compound eyes; vertex approximately two or more times wider than the eye; carinae of the vertex produced, with lateral carinae forming more or less pronounced horns and medial carina visibly compresso-elevated (i.e., slender and elevated) (Figs. 1D, 7A, 29A), extremely in  Miriatra (Figs. 63A, 64D, 67A, 68B). In lateral view, medial carina usually protrudes beyond the eyes, at least slightly visible (Figs. 26B, 34B, 47B, 67B) (in  Metrodora s. str. and  Platytettix stat. resurr. not protrudes (Figs. 1A, 10B)). Anterior margin of the vertex rounded; fastigium of the vertex not forming an elongated horn, dorsum without fossulae (Figs. 1E, 10C, 67C). Antennal groves located below the lower margin of the eyes, and antennae usually short, with 10–15 segments (Figs. 10C, 22C, 67B). Scutellum mostly wide 1.5–3 times wider than scape (Figs. 10A, 26C, 34A), rarely narrow; frontal costa mid-sized, bifurcation variable from around the mid-level of the eyes to below the ventral margin of the eyes (Figs. 1D, 22A, 57A, 71C). Eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and almost straight ventral margin, occupying a quarter or a fifth of the cephalic capsule in lateral view. Lateral ocelli between the middle or inferior part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 1D, 10A, 22A, 26C, 34A, 57A, 71C). Thorax. Pronotum mostly robust (slender only in  Miriatra (Figs. 64, 66, 68A)); variable in shape; median carina with different elevations, forming crests, humps (Figs. 10B, 12A, 26A, 60B), or flat (Figs. 30A, 42A); dorsal surface of pronotum, between the carinae, granulate, median carina continuous from the anterior margin to the posterior apex, with anterior margin straight (few taxa have it extended towards the front) and apex truncated or acute (Figs. 1C, 9B, 21B, 60A, 66B). Lateral lobes of the pronotum, in lateral view, quadrangular; in dorsal view lower margins mostly well-projected to the sides, directed slightly sidewards, and with rounded or acute apex (Figs. 1E, 10C, 30B). Humeral angle wide, obliquely concave; infrascapular area wide (narrow only in winged species), with different lengths, reaching between the third and ninth abdominal segment in lateral view; lateral area arising on the dorsal undulation of the infrascapular area, with similar width and reaching the apex in lateral view (although in some taxa the lateral area is poorly developed). Wings. Most species apterous, with few exceptions, such as  Miriatra (hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum (Figs. 66, 69)) and †  Electrotettix (rudimentary hind wings). Legs. Fore and mid-femora compressed, with or without conspicuous undulations, sometimes forming some prolongations. Mid-femur dorsally carinated. Hind femur with uniform coloration on the external surface; genicular and antegenicular teeth moderately or well-developed (Figs. 12A, 19A, 26A) (poorly developed only in  Rehniatria gen. nov. (Figs. 71A, 72)). Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length.</p><p>Abdomen. Male: last segments constricted in different levels, and tapering dorsally, joining towards distal portion (Figs. 8B, 11B, 16F); penultimate sternite variable, longer or as long as the subgenital plate; cerci conical and reduced (Figs. 8A, 11D, 16G). Subgenital plate short, cupuliform, apex rounded (Figs. 8C, 11B, 16H) ( Rehniatria gen. nov. with a conspicuous incision at the apex (Figs. 72B), and  Bolivaridora gen. nov. with a small mid notch (Figs. 51H)). Female: epiproct triangular or ovoid, with or without medial groove (Figs. 18C, 22F). Subgenital plate of variable shape, mainly quadrangular (Figs. 18E, 22H, 39D, 67H). Lower valves of ovipositor covered or not by the lateral edges of the subgenital plate; valves armed with medium-sized teeth (Figs. 18D, 22G, 67G).</p><p>Remarks. Recently, the tribe was delimited by Kasalo et al. (2023a). The diagnosis provided by the authors is useful for differentiation with the other suprageneric taxa of the subfamily, and they also synonymized the tribes  Miriatrini and  Mucrotettigini under  Metrodorini . In this contribution, specimens from different genera and species were reviewed to analyze additional characters, and we partially agree with Kasalo’s et al. (2023a) proposal. We included the synonymized tribes as subtribes, which are differentiated in the following taxonomic key.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFA804119FDEC77FFAD1FCE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFA904119FDEC02AFA5FFA3F.text	542B87FDFFA904119FDEC02AFA5FFA3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorini	<div><p>Key to subtribes of  Metrodorini</p><p>1. Carinae of the vertex conspicuously produced (Figs. 64B, 67B, 74B). Scutellum almost narrow, delimited by the frontal costa with its nearly straight branches (Figs. 63A, 68B, 74A). Median carinae of the pronotum not arcuate, with pronotal disc generally flat, without conspicuous crests (Figs. 68A, 70D). Wings well-developed, as long as the pronotum or slightly exceededing it (Figs. 69A, 70A). Genicular tooth of hind femora poorly developed (Figs. 71A, 73A)..............  Miriatrina,  stat. nov.</p><p>- Carinae of the vertex poorly or well produced (Figs. 1A, 29B). Scutellum generally two or three times wider than scape. Frontal costa branches usually curved or diverging, rarely straight (Figs. 1D, 3C, 29A). Median carina of the pronotum mostly arcuate, forming a crest with different levels of development (Figs. 1E, 12A, 59). Wings in most species absent. Genicular tooth of hind femora well-developed (Figs. 12A, 62B)................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Pronotal disc with a constant width, only narrowing near the apex. Hind margin of the pronotum truncated; if not wholly truncated, with a secondary extension like a spine, arising in the middle of the apex of the pronotum (Figs. 60A, 61A). Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum moderately projected to the sides, with a rounded apex (Figs. 60B, 61B), without spines (except in  Armasius). Antennae with 10–12 segments (Figs. 61B, 62A), (only  Mucrotettix with 14 segments (Figs. 59B, C))............................................................................  Mucrotettigina,  stat. nov.</p><p>- Pronotal disc progressively narrowing towards the apex. Hind margin of the pronotum pointed (Figs. 1C, 6B, 17B, 56B). Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum conspicuously projected to the sides in the form of a spine, usually triangular (Figs. 1E, 16C, 39C, 56C). Antennae with 14–15 segments (Figs. 2E, 7C, 45C).......................  Metrodorina,  stat. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFA904119FDEC02AFA5FFA3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFA904179FDEC563FEF4F839.text	542B87FDFFA904179FDEC563FEF4F839.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorina Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Subtribe  Metrodorina Bolívar, 1887, stat. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Metrodora Bolívar , 1887.</p><p>Emended description. Body small and robust (6–9 mm.). Carinae of the vertex poorly (Figs. 1A, 10B) or well-produced (Figs. 26B, 29B, 49B); lateral carinae of the vertex without pronounced horns or with horns moderately developed. Antennae with 14–15 segments (Figs. 10C, 22C, 29C). Scutellum generally two or three times wider than scape. Frontal costa branches usually curved or diverging, rarely straight (Figs. 10A, 26C, 29A). Pronotal disc progressively narrowing towards the apex. Hind margin of pronotum pointed (Figs. 1C, 36B). Lower margin of lateral lobes of the pronotum conspicuously projected to the sides in the form of a spine, generally triangular (Figs. 1E, 29C, 57C). Median carina of the pronotum mostly arcuate, forming a crest with different levels of development (Figs. 10B, 12A, 22A), although in some genera with a flat pronotal disc (Figs. 1A, 30A). Tegminae and hind wings absent. Genicular tooth of hind femora well-developed (Figs. 21A, 33A).</p><p>Genera included.  Metrodora Bolívar, 1887,  Cota Bolívar, 1887,  Tylotettix Morse, 1900, stat. resurr.,  Platytettix Hancock, 1906, stat. resurr.,  Hancockiella Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona, 2015,  Hebardidora Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.,  Bolivaridora Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov., and  Morseidora Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Mainly diversified in the Amazon, but with taxa in the Andes of  Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, extending to Central America through Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua (Map 1–4).</p><p>Remarks. In order to understand the taxonomic treatment proposed for  Metrodorini, it is necessary to delimit the suprageneric taxa (such as the subtribe  Metrodorina stat. nov.). Compared to  Mucrotettigina stat. nov., the differentiation of the genera is very diffuse, and is not in accordance with the organization of the Antillean taxa. For this reason, the same treatment is given to the  Metrodorina stat. nov. and  Mucrotettigina stat. nov. genera.  Metrodorina stat. nov. remained with eight genera, of which three are new, and two are revalidated. The descriptions or redescriptions provided here are made ignoring characters mentioned in the tribe or subtribe descriptions. The following key to genera is provided here.</p><p>Key to genera of  Metrodorina</p><p>1. Carinae of the vertex produced, conspicuously protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view (Figs. 26B, 29B, 34B, 47B)............................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Carinae of vertex low, not protruding between the eyes, if so, slightly (Figs. 1A, 10B)............................... 7</p><p>2. Body granulated with spine-like tubercles over the tegument (Figs. 25B, 26D, 27C). Pronotum bicuspid, with rounded undulations, generally with one on the anterior section and another smaller one on the posterior section of the pronotal disc (Figs. 25A, 26A, 27A). Legs with lappets and spiniform protuberances (Figs. 27D, 28B, 29D).....................  Cota</p><p>- Body smooth or with small granulations (Figs. 32, 33, 42). Pronotum with or without crest; if present, located mainly in the anterior section of the pronotal disc (Figs. 21A, 31, 34B, 43C). Legs without lappets or spines, with undulations only on the dorsal and ventral margins of the fore and mid femora (Figs. 22D, 22E, 51D, 51E)................................. 3</p><p>3. Median carinae sub-elevated or not elevated; therefore, the pronotal disc is mostly flat (Figs. 30A, 42). Scutellum narrow (Figs. 430C, 3D)........................................................................................... 4</p><p>- Median carinae elevated, and configured in different shape, such as a hump or a continuous crest (Figs. 31A, 35, 58A). Scutellum mostly wide (Figs. 34A, 31C)........................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the lower margin pointed (Figs. 47C, 57C); apex of the pronotum unmodified (Figs. 48A, 55B)..............................................................................  Bolivaridora gen. nov.</p><p>- Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the lower margin armed with a thin and curved-forward spine (Fig. 30B); apex of the pronotum with a small spiny projection pointing upwards (Figs. 30D)..................................  Hancockiella</p><p>5. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected over the head, hook-like (Fig. 58A). Crest formed by the elevated and moderately flattened laterally median carina (Fig. 58B), projecting to the apex of the pronotal disc, which exceeds the apex of the abdomen (Fig. 58C)..........................................................................  Morseidora gen. nov.</p><p>- Anterior margin of pronotum rounded (Figs. 4A, 37B). Crest wavy, formed by the elevated wavy median carina; apex of the pronotum not or slightly exceeding the apex of the abdomen (Figs. 3B, 38)....................................... 6</p><p>6. Median carina elevated of pronotum progressively curving from anterior margin to the apex (Figs. 2A, 3A, 4A). Infrascapular area with medium width, reaching up to the fourth to sixth abdominal segment (Figs. 3B, 4B)........  Tylotettix stat. resurr.</p><p>- Median carina elevated, generally with a conspicuous hump on the anterior section of the pronotum and a minor undulation from the central section to the apex (Figs. 31A, 34B). Infrascapular area wide and more conspicuous than the previous genus, reaching up to the eighth or ninth abdominal segment (Figs. 32A, 33A, 36A)....................  Hebardidora gen. nov.</p><p>7. Scutellum wide (Figs. 10A, 22A). Median carina elevated, forming a hump that rises conspicuously and occupies the anterior half of the pronotal disc (Figs. 10B, 12A). Dorsal and ventral margins of the fore and middle legs conspicuously wavy, forming small extensions (Figs. 16D, 16E, 22D, 22E).............................................  Platytettix stat. resurr.</p><p>- Scutellum almost narrow (Fig. 1D). Median carina sub-elevated and pronotal disc flat (Fig. 1C). Dorsal and ventral margins of the forelegs and middle legs poorly undulated, and without prolongations along the margins (Figs. 1A).........  Metrodora</p><p>Genus  Metrodora Bolívar, 1887</p><p>Metrodora Bolívar, 1887: 242.</p><p>Metrodora (partim): Günther, 1939: 292</p><p>Type species:  Metrodora rana Bolívar, 1887, by subsequent designation (Kirby, 1910).</p><p>Redescription. Body granulated and robust (Figs. 1A, C). Head little exserted. In frontal view: vertex wider than an eye; medial and lateral carinae similar in length; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum almost narrow, fascial carinae slightly divergent; upper margin of the antennal grooves almost at the same level of the lower margin of the eyes; lateral ocelli between the inferior part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus on the lower margin of the scutellum; antennae situated below the level of the eyes; palpi narrow, with apical segments moderately depressed (Fig. 1D). In lateral view: carinae of the vertex low and short and not protruding between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle rounded; fascial carinae compresso-elevated between the antennae, above and below abruptly sinuate; eyes subglobose, with a rounded dorsal surface, almost straight ventral margin and slightly elevated above the vertex (Fig. 1A). Thorax. Pronotum robust, not surpassing the tip of the hind femora (Fig. 1A). Pronotal disc flattened above, median carina subelevated and widened between the humeral angles, anteriorly straight and posterior apex pointed (Fig. 1C). Humeral angles concave; angles of the lateral lobes outwardly acute and flattened in dorsal view (Fig. 1E). Infra-scapular area wide and extending to the fifth or sixth abdominal segment; lateral area originating from the upper half of the infrascapular area and with same width from the base to the apex in lateral view (Fig. 1A). Wings absent. Legs slightly elongated. Fore and mid-femora compressed and without conspicuous undulations. Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth moderately developed; genicular tooth triangular and with apex rounded. Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen. Last segments (from seventh to tenth) constricted and tapering dorsally, joining towards the anterior portion; cerci conical and reduced; penultimate sternite long, 2.5 times longer than the subgenital plate, slightly curved upwards; subgenital plate short, cupuliform and with rounded apex (Fig. 1A).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Species included. The type species only.</p><p>Distribution. The type locality of  Metrodora rana is known only as “Alto Amazonas ” (=Upper Amazon), without a precise locality. However, “Alto Amazonas ” is a Peruvian province located in the west of the department of Loreto, with its capital in the city of Yurimaguas, which has existed since 1866, and this could be the location of this and other species described by various authors such as Brunner von Wattenwyl and Redtenbacher, among others (Maps 1, 2).</p><p>Remarks. To date, the genus  Metrodora, included thirteen species, which are being reassigned to genera previously synonymized under  Metrodora ( Tylotettix stat. resurr. and  Platytettix stat. resurr.) and others that are being described here as new. In this way, the same approach is applied in terms of organization and morphological differentiation to the Antillean taxa to balance the generic limits.After the reassignment of taxa,  Metrodora remained monotypic, although probably closely related to  Platytettix stat. resurr., due to the shape of the medial and lateral carinae of the vertex.</p><p>The definition of  Metrodora from its original description (Bolívar 1887) was not efficiently defined since it included other species that are currently allocated in different genera, such as  Otumba amazonica (Bolívar, 1887),  Bolivaridora lutosa (Bolívar, 1887) comb. nov.,  Stalitettix spinifrons (Stål, 1861) comb. nov. and  Devrieseium concinnum (Bolívar, 1887) comb. nov. So, Bolívar’s description would not fit the current taxonomic organization. Until now, Hancock (1907) was the one who provided the closest description to the generic definition proposed here, including only  M. rana and  R. lutosa comb. nov. Kirby (1910) selected  M. rana as the type species of the genus. Günther (1939) added new species and synonymized  Tylotettix stat. resurr. and  Platytettix stat. resurr. under  Metrodora, a classification that has remained until now. This contribution provides a redescription that delimits the genus and its only species to avoid future ambiguities, thus contributing to the stability of the subfamily  Metrodorinae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFA904179FDEC563FEF4F839	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFAC040F9FDEC3C0FA5FF974.text	542B87FDFFAC040F9FDEC3C0FA5FF974.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodora rana Bolivar 1887	<div><p>Metrodora rana Bolívar, 1887</p><p>(Fig. 1, Map 1 and 2)</p><p>Metrodora rana  Bolívar, 1887: 248. Holotype: male,  PERU, Alto Amazonas. Depository: MNCN.</p><p>Remarks.  M. rana is only known from the holotype male (Fig. 1). However, Giglio-Tos (1898) recorded a female from the Santiago Valley (Ecuador). The author mentioned that it has a more pronounced medial carina of the vertex and denticulations on the middle femur, which suggests, according to what has been studied here, it could be another species of one of the other genera delimited here and not a conspecific female of  M. rana . Hebard (1924a, b) recorded a female from Bucay, Guayas (Ecuador), which he compared with  Tylotettix simplex Hebard, 1924, although Hebard was not wholly sure of the affiliation of his specimen. Günther (1939) recorded two females from  Peru in the Stettin Museum. Buzzetti &amp; Devriese (2007) reported a female collected at Yasuni Scientific Station but suggested that it was closely related to  Morseidora acuta (Günther, 1939),  comb. nov. So again, it most likely is not a conspecific female. When observing this panorama of the historical records of the species, perhaps only those provided by Günther (1939) could be conspecific females, so it was urgent to define the genus  Metrodora and its type species, which was selected as a lectotype by Paris (1994). Based on this specimen, the redescription that applies to the genus and species is provided to understand the morphology of this taxon and obtain better identifications when additional specimens are found.</p><p>The type specimen of  M. rana does not have antennae, so they must most likely be filiform not reaching the humeral angles, and with 14–15 antennal segments, like related taxa. Furthermore, the type specimen is designated under number 140 of the MNCN catalog (Fig. 1B), but the right front leg and the left middle leg are missing (Paris 1994)  .</p><p>MAP 1. Distribution of  Metrodorini ( Metrodorina stat. nov. and  Miriatrina stat. nov.) and  Metopomystrini trib. nov. species.</p><p>Genus  Tylotettix Morse, 1900, stat. resurr.</p><p>Tylotettix Morse, 1900: 6 .</p><p>Metrodora (partim): Günther, 1939: 292.</p><p>Type species:  Tylotettix sinuata Morse, 1900, by original monotypy.</p><p>Redescription. Body granulated and robust (Figs. 2A, 3A, 4A). Head little exserted (Figs. 2C, 3B, 4B). In frontal view: vertex twice as wide as an eye; medial carinae 1.5 to 2 times longer than the lateral ones; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum wide; fascial carinae prominent and curved, ramification of fascial carinae angled; upper margin of the antennal grooves at the level of the lower margin of the eyes; lateral ocelli placed between the inferior area of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower portion of the scutellum; antennae situated below the eyes, and with 15 segments (antennae only known to  T. simplex comb. nov.); palpi narrow, the apical segments moderately depressed (Figs. 2E, 3C, 4C). In lateral view: carinae of the vertex prominent and protruding between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle convex in front and deeply at its upper margin where the carinae converge to connect with the medial carina; fascial carinae rounded and emerging between the antennae, slightly sinuate above and below; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and almost straight ventral margin not elevated higher than vertex (Figs. 2C, 3B, 4B). Thorax. Pronotum not surpassing the tip of hind femora. Pronotal disc with tectiform surface and median carina cristate arched anteriorly, nearly straight posteriorly, and rounded apically in dorsal and lateral views. Lateral carinae sinuate in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave; angles of the lateral lobes moderately outward and not acute; infrascapular area with medium width, ending at the level of the fourth to sixth abdominal segments; lateral area poorly developed (Figs. 2A, 3A, 4A). Wings absent. Legs stout and slightly elongated. Fore and mid-femora compressed, undulated, or with mid-sized lobes. Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth moderately developed; genicular tooth triangular and with apex rounded. Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length (Figs. 2C, 3B, 4B). Abdomen. Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical; penultimate sternite long, two times longer than the subgenital plate, almost straight; subgenital plate short, cupuliform, upcurved, and apex rounded.</p><p>MAP 2. Distribution of  Metrodorini ( Metrodorina stat. nov. and  Miriatrina stat. nov.) and  Metopomystrini trib. nov. species. Detail of north of South America.</p><p>Female. Similar to male, differing in the somewhat larger size, slightly more robust body, and slightly wider vertex. Pronotal disc somewhat more rugose and more elevated. Ovipositor valves conspicuously serrulated, and subgenital plate covering the first basal third of the lower valves.</p><p>Species included.  Tylotettix sinuata Morse, 1900, comb. resurr.,  T. simplex Hebard, 1924, comb. resurr., and  T. pygmaea Roberts, 1937, comb. ressur.</p><p>Distribution. Northern South America (Venezuela), extending through Central America from Panama to Nicaragua (Maps 1 and 4).</p><p>Remarks. Originally this genus included only the type species from Nicaragua (Morse 1900) and was alocated in the group Cladonotae (=subfamily  Cladonotinae) (Fig. 3). Later, additional species were added by Hebard (1924a) and Roberts (1937) from Panama (Fig. 2) and Venezuela (Fig. 4), respectively. Günther (1939) synonymizes  Tylotettix under  Metrodora by comparing it with some characters that are now part of the general diagnosis of the tribe  Metrodorini . Therefore,  Tylotettix stat. resurr. is revalidated and differentiated from  Metrodora and nearby genera by the characters provided in the  Metrodorina stat. nov. genera key.</p><p>The three species originally described in this genus have their original combination restored. In the species descriptions, the authors mention that they do not have a scapular area, but this is not the case (Roberts 1937). This structure of the pronotum is present in all three species. Possibly, the authors were referring to the lateral area, which is absent or poorly developed in the species of this genus. A key to identifying species in the genus is provided below.</p><p>Key to species of  Tylotettix</p><p>1. Pronotum relatively longer, extending to near or slightly beyond the apices of the hind femora, with an apex rather acute (Figs. 2A, C). Median carina of pronotum cristate moderately elevated from the anterior margin to the first third of the disc, then subelevated (Fig. 2D)................................................................  T. simplex stat. resurr.</p><p>- Pronotum extending just beyond the terminalia, barely reaching the proximal portion of the genicular lobes of the hind femora and with a rounded apex. Median carinae of the pronotal disc cristate, progressively curving from the anterior to the posterior margin (Figs. 3A, 4A).................................................................................. 2</p><p>2. Scutellum three times wider than scape (Fig. 3C), medial carina of the vertex curved forward (Fig. 3B)...................................................................................................  T. sinuata stat. resurr.</p><p>- Scutellum two times wider than scape (Fig. 4C), medial carina of the vertex slightly upcurved (Fig. 4B).................................................................................................  T. pygmaea stat. resurr.</p><p>Genus  Platytettix Hancock, 1906, stat. resurr.</p><p>Platytettix Hancock, 1906: 88 .</p><p>Metrodora (partim): Günther, 1939: 292.</p><p>Type species:  Platytettix reticulatus Hancock, 1906, by original monotypy.</p><p>Redescription. Body small, robust, and strongly rugose (Figs. 6, 9, 12). Head slightly exserted. In frontal view: vertex considerably broader than an eye, two or three times wider; medial and lateral carinae almost similar in length (in some species, the medial carina is longer than the lateral carinae); frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum wide, fascial carinae prominent and curved; antennae situated below the lower margin of the eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae and with 14–15 segments; lateral ocelli located between the eyes near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located on the lower portion of the scutellum; palpi narrow, with the three apical segments moderately depressed (Figs. 7A, 10A, 16A). In lateral view: carinae of the vertex low, short and do not protruding between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle rounded; fascial carinae rounded and produced between the antennae, abruptly sinuate above and below; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and almost straight ventral margin and very slightly elevated above the vertex (Figs. 7B, 10B, 16B). Thorax. Pronotum robust, not surpassing the tip of hind femora or ending near it. Pronotal disc anteriorly straight and posterior apex pointed; median carina elevated, forming a hump that rises conspicuously and occupies the anterior half of the pronotal disc (Figs. 10B, 12A, 15A). Humeral angles little developed; angles of the lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangularly sub-spiniformproduced (Figs. 12B, 16C), obliquely truncate behind and denticulated (Figs. 7C, 10B); infra-scapular area wide and extending to seventh or eighth abdominal segment; lateral area originating from the upper half of the infrascapular area with same width from the base to the apex in lateral view (Figs. 6A, 9A, 10D, 10E). Wings absent. Legs stout and a slightly elongated. Fore and mid-femora compressed, dorsal and ventral margins conspicuously wavy, forming small projections (Figs. 7D, 7E). Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth well-developed (except  P. uniformis comb. rev. (Figs. 5A, 6A)), and genicular tooth triangular with apex acute (Figs. 12A, 15A). Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen. Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical and reduced (Figs. 8A, 11A, 16F); penultimate sternite mid-sized, 1.5 times longer than subgenital plate, and almost straight (Figs. 8B, 11B, 16G); subgenital plate short, cupuliform, upcurved, and apex rounded (Figs. 8D, 16G).</p><p>Female. Similar to male, differing in the somewhat larger size, slightly more robust body (Figs. 12, 14A, 17), and slightly wider vertex (Figs. 14C, 20B). Pronotal disc a little more rugose and slightly more elevated median carina. Ovipositor valves with moderated serrations (Figs. 18D, 22G), subgenital plate covering the first basal third of the lower valve or not (Figs. 18E, 22H).</p><p>Species included.  Platytettix reticulatus Hancock, 1906, comb. resurr.,  P. gibbosulus (Walker, 1871),  comb. nov.,  P. arcuatus Bruner, 1920, comb. resurr.,  P. gibbinotus Bruner, 1910, comb. resurr.,  P. uniformis Bruner, 1910, comb. resurr.,  P. pilosus Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Amazon between  Peru, Colombia, Brazil, and French Guiana (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Remarks. Hancock (1906) described the genus with one species, placing it in the section Metrodorae (=subfamily  Metrodorinae). Later, Bruner (1910, 1920) included the other three species in  Platytettix . Then, Günther (1939) synonymized  Platytettix under  Metrodora in the same way as  Tylotettix .</p><p>Much later, Cadena-Castañeda et al. (2020) synonymized  P. reticulatus under  Amorphopus gibbosulus Walker, 1871, and, in turn, located this species within  Metrodora . Here, we restore  P. reticulatus comb. resurr. as a valid species, so its original combination is revalidated. Likewise,  A. gibbosulus (=  P. gibbosulus comb. nov.) remains a valid species, which is similar to  P. arcuatus comb. resurr., grouping six species within this genus. When comparing with the species of  Metrodora s. l., it is evident that  Platytettix stat. resurr. must be revalidated, redefined, and differentiated from  Metrodora and nearby genera by the characters provided in the key to  Metrodorina stat. nov. genera.  Platytettix stat. resurr. and  Metrodora s. str. are the only genera of this subtribe that do not have the medial carina of the vertex projecting conspicuously into the middle of the eyes.</p><p>Key to species of  Platytettix</p><p>1. Hump of median carina of pronotum moderately elevated (Figs. 5A, 6A); in lateral view, from the humero-apical carina to the highest edge of the hump, rising as high as half the length of the fore-femur (Figs. 5B, 7B). Hind femora with genicular and ante-genicular tooth poorly developed (Fig. 6A)........................................  P. uniformis comb. resurr.</p><p>- Hump of the median carina of the pronotum noticeably elevated; in lateral view, from the humero-apical carina to the highest edge of the hump, rising as high as the length of the fore femur or more (Figs. 12A, 14A, 16B, 18A). Hind femora with genicular and antegenicular tooth generally well-developed (Figs. 12A, 19, 21A)................................... 2</p><p>2. Surface of the pronotum covered by abundant bristles (Figs. 9, 10). Antegenicular tooth, moderately developed (Fig. 9A)..........................................................................................  P. pilosus sp. nov.</p><p>- Body surface generally without bristles (Fig. 12, 14, 16, 21). Antegenicular tooth well-developed (Figs. 12A, 19, 21A)..... 3</p><p>3. Pronotal hump rounded, curved backward and more conspicuous than in other species; in lateral view, from the humero-apical carina to the highest edge of the hump, rising as high as twice the length of the fore-femur or more (Fig. 12A). Lower margin of lateral lobes of pronotum greatly produced (Fig. 12B)................................  P. reticulatus comb. resurr.</p><p>- Pronotal hump subquadrangular and curving slightly backward; in the lateral view, from the humero-apical carina to the highest edge of the hump, rising as high as 1.0 or 1.5 times the fore-femur length (Figs. 13A, 14A, 16B, 18A). Lower margin of lateral lobes of pronotum generally angulate pointed (Figs. 16C, 18B, 22C)............................................. 4</p><p>4. Mid-sized (8–9 mm.) (Fig. 13). Dorsal margin of the median carina hump rounded (Figs. 13A, B). Mid femur with one small ventral projection...............................................................  P. gibbinotus comb. resurr.</p><p>- Small-sized (6–7 mm.). Dorsal margin of median carina hump almost straight (Figs. 16B, 18A, 19B). Mid femur with at least three ventral projections................................................................................ 5</p><p>5. Coloration brown with ocher sections, without conspicuous stripes on the anterior margin of the pronotum (Figs. 14A, 15A). Pronotum apex straight in lateral view (Fig. 14B, 15B). Subgenital plate covering much of the lower valves of the ovipositor................................................................................  P. arcuatus comb. resurr.</p><p>- Coloration reddish-brown or dark brown, with a conspicuous yellow stripe “like a necklace” running along the anterior margin of the pronotal disc and the lateral lobes (Figs. 18, 21). Pronotum apex “truncated” and slightly rising in lateral view (Fig. 19A). Subgenital plate of the female not noticeably covering the base of the lower valves of the ovipositor (Fig. 22G)...........................................................................................  P. gibbosulus comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFAC040F9FDEC3C0FA5FF974	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFB704039FDEC5AAFC50F84D.text	542B87FDFFB704039FDEC5AAFC50F84D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platytettix uniformis Bruner 1910	<div><p>Platytettix uniformis Bruner, 1910, comb. resurr.</p><p>(Figs. 5–8, Maps 1 and 2)</p><p>Platytettix uniformis 
Bruner, 1910: 100 . Lectotype: male, BRAZIL.  Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Metrodora uniformis: Günther, 1939: 297.</p><p>Material examined.   Lectotype. 1 Male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.44389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4519445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.44389/lat -1.4519445)">Pará</a> (ANSP). 1 Male. BRAZIL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.44389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4519445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.44389/lat -1.4519445)">Pará</a>, Belém, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi—Campus de Pesquisa [the museum research campus]; 01°27’07”S, 48°26’38”W. [40m]; 09-13.I.2014. Pitfall; R. S. Sovano leg. (MPEG).</p><p>Emended description. Male. Robust and tiny-sized (6 mm). Body granular, and moderately rugose (Figs. 5A, 5B, 6). Coloration. Generally dark brown with some scattered black spots on the pronotum and femora, except for the antennae, distal part of the tibiae, and tarsomeres, which are ocher (Figs. 5A, 5B). Head. Medial carina moderately protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view (although more conspicuous than in other species of the genus, not as conspicuous as in other genera of the tribe  Metrodorini) (Figs. 7A). Antennae with 14 segments; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Figs. 5C, 7B, 7C). Thorax. Pronotal hump moderately elevated and curving regularly backward (Figs. 5A, 6A, 7B); apex of the pronotal disc acuminated (Fig. 6B); lower margins of the lateral lobes rounded (Figs. 6B, 7C). Legs. Fore femur moderately dilated, basally constricted, and then expanding, rectangular with gently undulating dorsal and ventral margins; outer surface of the fore femur with two long and thin bristles arising near the ventral margin (Fig. 7D); mid-femur rectangular, longer than wide and not as dilated as the fore femur, dorsal margin slightly curving throughout its length, ventral margin undulating, and with two short extensions (Fig. 7E). Hind femur conspicuously robust compared to other species, antegenicular and genicular teeth poorly developed; hind tibia armed with six small spines on each dorsal margin (Figs. 5A, 6A). Abdomen unmodified. Epiproct triangular, dividing the tenth tergite, and with subdivisions, a pentagonal section at the base, where the last tergite is divided, another subtriangular division at the apex, and on each side an ovoid or subrectangular division (Fig. 8A). Cerci cylindrical, but distally conical, thinner and diverging to the sides (Figs. 8A, B). Pallial plates ovoid, divided in the middle into a less sclerotic structure, delimited by the two furrows contiguous with the pallial hooks (Fig. 8C). Subgenital plate short and slightly divided at apex; penultima sternite quadrangular and longer than the subgenital plate (Fig. 8D).</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 6. PL: 5. PLB: 3.4. FF: 1.3. FL: 1.2. MFL: 1.6. MTL: 1.2. HL: 3.2. HW: 1.6. HTL: 2.7.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described from two specimens from an unknown locality in Pará State and two from Benevides, also in Pará State (Brazil) (Fig. 5). One of the specimens from the latter locality was considered an immature male, the remaining three were females (Bruner 1910). Later, Günther (1939) transferred this species to  Metrodora and reported additional specimens from Nouveau Chantier (French Guiana) and Paramaribo (Suriname). Subsequently, Grant (1957) designated a female from Pará (with no precise locality) as the lectotype (Fig. 5) and the male from Benevides as the lectoallotype (i.e., paralectotype), which he claimed to be an adult male, not a nymph, as Bruner (1910) had thought. Recently, Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda (2015) recorded the species for the Colombian Amazon, marking the westernmost record for this taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFB704039FDEC5AAFC50F84D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFB904079FDEC3C0FD6AFE9F.text	542B87FDFFB904079FDEC3C0FD6AFE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platytettix pilosus Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Platytettix pilosus Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 9–11, Map 1)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male. BRAZIL, Bahia, Ilhéus,  Cabruca [an agroforest system where shade cocoa is planted]; 12-14.VIII.2021; Pitfall; Souza, C. &amp; Albuquerque, F. leg. (MPEG).</p><p>Description. (In addition to the characters of the genus). Male. Small-size (9 mm). Body robust, granular, and moderately rugose, covered by bristles, mainly on the pronotum and legs (Fig. 9). Coloration. Antennae with scapus and pedicel ocher, last three antennal segments (12th, 13th, and 14th segments) whitish, and remaining antennomeres brown and dark brown, but with the distal edge outlined in yellow (Figs. 10B, C). Tibiae and tarsi of all legs with yellowish stripes, usually located in the middle of the tibiae and on the second tarsomere (Fig. 9). Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule, medial carina not very elevated, and as tall as to the lateral carinae; scutellum wide; fascial carinae almost straight and parallel, protruding in lateral view and rounded; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 10A). Antennae with 14 unmodified segments (Figs. 10B, C). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum straight and with the prozonal carinae developed (Figs. 9B, 10C); posterior apex acuminated and reaching the last abdominal segment (Fig. 9). Pronotal hump progressively rising, and later truncating (Fig. 10B); lower edge of lateral lobes angled, not pointed at all (Fig. 10C). Legs. Fore and mid femur moderately undulated, without conspicuous projections (Figs. 10D, E); fore tibia armed with small spinules on the distal third of the ventral margins; mid tibia unarmed; antegenicular tooth moderately developed; genicular tooth well developed (Fig. 9A); hind tibia armed with three small spines on each dorsal margin. Abdomen unmodified. Epiproct rhomboid, dividing most of the tenth tergite (Fig. 11A); cerci cylindrical, but distally conical, thinner, and diverging to the sides (Figs. 11A, B). Pallial plates fused into a single plate, with the anterior margin truncated, lateral edges rounded, narrowing towards the proximal region where it connects with the subgenital plate; with a furrow originates near the proximal region of the plate, which bifurcates in the shape of a “Y,” with the apex of each branch armed with the pallial hooks (Fig. 11C). Subgenital plate rounded and apically with a shallow “V” shaped notch (Fig. 11D).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). CFP: 9. PL: 7.5. PLB: 4.7. FF: 1.9. FL: 1.9. MFL: 2. MTL: 2. HL: 4.8. HW: 2. HTL: 4.</p><p>Comparison. This new species is distinguished from its congeners by the conspicuous bristles covering its body. Furthermore, in comparison to other species, it does not have such a pronounced hump, as observed in the others (except  P. uniformis comb. rev.). Most  Platytettix species have a well-developed antegenicular tooth;  P. pilosus sp. nov. has it moderately developed, although more pronounced compared to  P. uniformis comb. rev. The anterior margin of the pronotum is uniformly colored, resembling most species, but differing from  P. gibbosulus comb. nov. which has a conspicuous yellow stripe “like a necklace” running along the anterior margin of the pronotal disc and the lateral lobes of pronotum. However, this new species meets the diagnostic characteristics to be included in  Platytettix stat. resurr.</p><p>Remarks. This is the easternmost  Platytettix species known (Map 1).</p><p>Etymology. The name of this new species derives from the Latin word  pilosus (hairy), which refers to the abundant hairs of this species on the pronotum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFB904079FDEC3C0FD6AFE9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFBD04059FDEC3C0FE0EF813.text	542B87FDFFBD04059FDEC3C0FE0EF813.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platytettix arcuatus Bruner 1920	<div><p>Platytettix arcuatus Bruner, 1920, comb. ressur.</p><p>(Figs. 14–18, Map 1)</p><p>Platytettix arcuatus 
Bruner, 1920: 8 . Holotype: female, FRENCH GUIANA,  Pied Saut, Oyapok River (Fig. 14). Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Metrodora arcuatus: Otte, 1997: 50.</p><p>Material examined.   1 female and 1 male. BRAZIL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.795998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.8783336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.795998/lat -5.8783336)">Pará</a>, São Félix do Xingú, Parque Nacional da Serra do Pardo, 05°52’42”S, 52°47’45.6”W. [200 m.]; 25.04.2012; Pitfall; G. Ruiz, E. G. Cafofo-Silva &amp; N. C. Bastos leg. (MPEG)  .</p><p>Description. Male (hitherto unknown). Small size (6.6 mm.). Body compact, granular, and moderately rugose (Fig. 15). Coloration generally dark brown, with ocher spots mainly on the legs and, to a lesser extent or diffusely, on the pronotum (Figs. 14, 15). Antenna with the first 9 or 10 segments brown, segments 10 (or 11) to 14 ochers (Figs. 16A, B); medial carina of the pronotum outlined in ocher, alternated with black spots visible laterally and dorsally; apex of the pronotum ocher (Figs. 16B, C); anterior and middle tibiae brown with ocher stripes (Figs. 16D, E), similarly, tarsomeres ocher with distal third of last segment brown; hind tibia ocher, with laterally diffused grayish spots, hind tarsomeres entirely ocher (Fig. 15A). Head taller than wide, with eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule, and medial carina moderately protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view; scutellum slightly wide; fascial carinae almost straight and parallel, protruding in lateral view and rounded; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 16A). Antennae with 14 unmodifed segments (Figs. 16B, C). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight, with only the medial section produced (Figs. 16B, C); prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 16B), pronotal apex pointed, and reaching the last abdominal segment (Fig. 15B). Pronotal hump progressively rising, and later truncating; dorsal margin of the hump produced by the median carina almost straight (Figs. 15A, 16B). Lower margins of lateral lobes triangular-shaped and pointed; posterior margin of lateral lobe rounded (Figs. 15B, 16C). Legs. Fore femur moderately dilated, basally constricted and then expanding, rectangular in shape, dorsally undulated, and ventrally with two triangular prolongations, the most conspicuous being the one located in the middle section of the femur (Fig. 16D). Mid femur rectangular, longer than wide and not as dilated as the fore femur, dorsal margin slightly curving throughout its length, ventral margin undulating, and with three short extensions (Fig. 16E). Hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth well-developed. Hind tibia armed with four or five small spines on each dorsal margin. Abdomen unmodified (Fig. 15A). Cerci conical, tapering towards the apical section and not diverging to the sides (Fig. 16F). Penultimate sternite longer and more conspicuous than the subgenital plate, and the posterior margin rounded (Fig. 16G); subgenital plate subtriangular in lateral view (Fig. 16G) and apex divided by a small V-shaped notch in axial view (Fig. 16H).</p><p>Female (emended description). Similar to the male in shape, coloration, and size (Figs. 14, 17, 18). The main differences include less conspicuous undulations on the fore and mid femur (Figs. 18A, B). Also distinguished by the ambisexual characters: tenth tergite divided by an ovoid plate that extends and connects with the epiproct; epiproct triangular, with rounded apex, and divided into three plates, two lateral rectangular plates on each side and a distal subtriangular plate with rounded apex (Fig. 18C); cerci conical tapering towards the distal section (Figs. 18C, D). Ovipositor valves with normal development and covered with bristles (Fig. 18D); subgenital plate quadrangular, nearly as long as wide, with posterior margin rounded and with a small triangular extension in the middle (Fig. 18E).</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male / female. CFP: 6.6 / 7.6. PL: 6.1 / 6.9. PLB: 4.5 / 4.9. FF: 1.5 / 2. FL: 1.4 / 1.5. MFL: 1.8 / 2.1. MTL: 1.4 / 1.8. HL: 3.8 / 4.8. HW: 1.7 / 2. HTL: 3.1 / 3.5.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described based on a female from Pied Saut, Oyapok River (French Guiana). This species is recorded here for the first time in Brazil, with specimens from the Pará State (Map 1). The specimens studied here fit the morphology and general coloration of the species, except for the apex of the lower margins of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, which are sharper than in the female holotype specimen.</p><p>Superficially, it can be confused with  P. gibbinotus comb. ressur., which also has records in Pará (Brazil). Both species can be differentiated by the characters given in the key provided here, mainly separated by size and additionally by the median carina of the pronotum of  P. arcuatus comb. ressur., which rises into a hump, outlined in yellow with black stripes or spots, and the fore and mid femora with more conspicuous extensions, in comparison to  P. gibbinotus comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFBD04059FDEC3C0FE0EF813	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF8604359FDEC6B5FA5FFAB5.text	542B87FDFF8604359FDEC6B5FA5FFAB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platytettix gibbosulus (Walker 1871) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Platytettix gibbosulus (Walker, 1871), nom. resurr., comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 19–23, Maps 1 and 2)</p><p>Amorphopus gibbosulus 
Walker, 1871: 842 . Holotype; female. Brazil,  Rio Negro. Depository: NHMUK. Collection code: NHMUKNHMUK 010924483.</p><p>Material examined.   1 female. BRAZIL,  Pará, Melgaço, FLONA <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.443333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7263889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.443333/lat -1.7263889)">Caxiuanã</a> [Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, i.e. Caxiuanã National Forest]—ECFPn [Estação Científica Ferreira Pena, i.e. Ferreira Pena Scientific Station]; ESECAFLOR; 1°43’35”S, 51°26’36”W. [45 m]; X.2011; Pitfall; D.A. Cunha leg. (MPEG)  .</p><p>Redescription. Female. Small size (8.2 mm.). Body robust, granular, and rugose (Fig. 19). Coloration. Dark brown, with few ocher spots, mainly on the legs and diffusely on the pronotum (Figs. 19, 20, 21). Antenna with the segments 3 to 10 brown, scape, pedicellus, and segments 11 to 14 ocher (Figs. 22B, C). Pronotum with a conspicuous yellow stripe “like a necklace” running along the anterior margin of the pronotal disc and the lateral lobes (Figs. 19, 20A, 21); pronotal median carina outlined in ocher, alternated with black spots visible laterally and dorsally, only on the hump section (Fig. 19, 21A, 22B). Fore and mid tibiae brown with ocher stripes (Figs. 22D, E); hind tibia yellowish-brown; tarsomeres ocher with distal third of last segment brown (Fig. 21A). Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule; medial carina moderately protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view; scutellum slightly wide; fascial carinae almost straight and parallel, protruding and rounded in lateral view; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Figs. 20B, 22A). Antennae with 14 segments (Figs. 22B, C). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight, with only the medial section produced (Figs. 22B, C); prozonal carinae developed and moderately elevated (Figs. 21A, 22B), pronotal apex pointed in dorsal view (Fig. 21B), but “truncated” and slightly rising in lateral view (Fig. 21A). Pronotal hump rounded in lateral view, progressively rising, and later truncating; dorsal margin of the hump produced by the almost straight median carina (Fig. 22B). Lower margins of lateral lobes triangular shaped and pointed; posterior margin of lateral lobe rounded and with a small pointed prolongation (Fig. 22C). Legs. Fore femur moderately dilated, basally constricted and then expanding, rectangular in shape, dorsally undulated, ventrally with a subtriangular prolongation (Fig. 22D); mid femur rectangular, longer than wide, and as dilated as the fore femur, dorsal margin with four undulations similar in size, ventral margin with three undulations as the dorsal ones (Fig. 22E). Hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth well-developed; hind tibia armed with three to five small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 21A). Abdomen unmodified. Tenth tergite divided by a pentagonal plate that extends and connects with the epiproct. Epiproct triangular, with pointed apex, divided into three plates: two lateral rectangular plates on each side and a distal subtriangular plate with pointed apex (Fig. 21F). Cerci conical tapering towards the distal section (Figs. 21F, G). Ovipositor valves with normal development and covered with bristles (Fig. 21G). Subgenital plate quadrangular, nearly as long as wide, posterior margin rounded with a triangular extension in the middle (Fig. 22H).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 8.2. PL: 7.2. PLB: 5.2. FF: 2.1. FL: 1.8. MFL: 2.3. MTL: 1.5. HL: 4.4. HW: 2. HTL: 4.</p><p>Remarks. As previously mentioned, this species is separated from  P. reticulatus comb. resurr.  P. gibbosulus comb. nov. remained long unknown to entomological literature, as it was only known from its original description as  Amorphopus gibbosulus Walker, 1871 (Walker 1871), and without data in subsequent revisions by other entomologists, only until the contribution of Cadena-Castañeda et al. (2019), where  P. reticulatus comb. resurr. was included as a synonym of  Amorphopus gibbosulus .</p><p>The original description of this species was based on a male specimen from "Río Negro", Brazil (Figs. 19, 20). However, the type specimen is a female, which matches the brief description (Walker 1871). Herein, a female from Pará state, Brazil, is recorded (Maps, 1 and 2); morphologically, it matches the holotype, so the species is redescribed here (Figs. 21, 22).  P. gibbosulus comb. nov. is similar to  P. arcuatus comb. ressur., differing by the characters mentioned in the key for the identification of  Platytettix species, in addition to the female terminalia, as described here.</p><p>The specimen studied here differs from the holotype in the apex of the lower margin of the pronotum, which is not entirely pointed (Fig. 22C). The coloration of the holotype has a similar pattern to the specimen studied here but in darker shades, being blackish-brown. Additionally, the pronotum does not extend beyond the apex of the abdomen, but this may be due to possible dehydration of the female holotype (Fig. 19). Apart from these characteristics, the specimen studied here is similar to the holotype. In the original species description, the body measurement is given as "four lines" (± 8.5 mm), but the measurements of the holotype are similar to those of the female specimen studied here.</p><p>This species was originally recorded in Brazil, but additional specimens have been recorded on iNaturalist from French Guiana. One of these is a reddish male with the " necklace" outlined on the anterior edge of the pronotum and noticeably yellow last antennal segments (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/121890818) (Fig. 23A). Another specimen, apparently female, is recorded on the border between French Guiana and Suriname (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/198313574), with black coloration and a cream-colored " necklace," resembling the coloration and morphology of the female holotype (Fig. 23B)  .</p><p>Genus  Cota Bolívar, 1887</p><p>Cota Bolívar, 1887: 183.</p><p>Type species:  Cota saxosa Bolívar, 1887, by subsequent designation (Kirby, 1910).</p><p>Redescription. Body surface granulated with spine-like tubercles over the tegument (Figs. 25A, 26A, 26D, 27A, 28). Head little exserted. In frontal view: vertex as wide as 1.5–2.5 times the width of an eye; medial carinae 1.5 to 2 times longer than the lateral ones; transverse carina of vertex, between the eyes, with a cusp shape surpassing dorsal margin of the eyes, forming small horns; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum wide or moderately widened; fascial carinae prominent, ramification of fascial carinae angled; antennal groove situated much below the lower margin of compound eyes; lateral ocelli placed between the inferior part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close on the lower margin of the scutellum; antennae short compared to other close genera, with 14 segments; palpi with the segments depressed (Figs. 25C, 26C, 27C, 29A). In lateral view: face oblique, carinae of the vertex prominent, protruding conspicuously between the eyes as a horn-like structure; fastigio-fascial angle convex in front, deeply in its upper margin, where the carinae unite to connect with the medial carina; fascial carinae emerging between the antennae and almost straight, above and below slightly sinuate; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and nearly straight ventral margin, not elevated higher than vertex (Figs. 26B, 29B). Thorax. Pronotum not surpassing the tip of hind femora; granulated with spine-like tubercles, anteriorly truncated or rounded (Figs. 25B, 27B, 28B), median carina conspicuous, continuous with two strongly elevated protuberances, like cusps or humps (Figs. 25A, 26A, 27A, 28A), lateral lobes directed sidewards. Lateral carinae sinuate in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave; angles of the lateral lobes outwardly acute or not; infrascapular area wide, ending at the apex of abdomen; lateral area poorly developed (Figs. 25A, 26A, 27A, 28A). Wings absent. Legs stout and a little elongated. Fore and mid femora with lappets and saxose (i.e., with various lumps and teeth on the femora, giving a stone-like appearance) protuberances (Figs. 29D, E); hind femur with lappets and genicular teeth conspicuous; the first and third articles of posterior tarsi with subequal length. Abdomen. Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical and reduced (Fig. 29F); penultimate sternite long, two times longer than the subgenital plate, almost straight (Figs. 29G, H); subgenital plate short, cupuliform, upcurved, apex rounded, and slightly divided (Fig. 29G).</p><p>Female. Similar to males, differing in the somewhat larger size, slightly more robust body, and slightly wider vertex; pronotal disc a little more rugose and somewhat more elevated (Fig. 26D); ovipositor valves with conspicuous serrations, and subgenital plate short, partially covering the lower valve’s first basal quarter.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was originally described in the section Cladonotae (=subfamily  Cladonotinae), including three species (Bolívar, 1887). Kirby (1910) subsequently selected  C. saxosa as the type species. More than 100 years later, Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda (2015) described the fourth species of the genus, but it was initially included in  Metrodora . Recently, Silva et al. (2019a) redescribed the genus, move  M. undulata Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015 into  Cota, provided an updated key to the species, and proposed  C. bispina (Saussure, 1861) as a nomen dubium.</p><p>Hollier (2013) mentioned a male specimen deposited in MHNG, identified as “  C. bispina ?”.  But this specimen is labeled “ PEROU CENT. 115” and  “bispina ? Sauss, Perou”. So, it is not part of the type series. That specimen is actually a male of  Lophotettix sp., thus clarifying the identity of that specimen (Fig. 24)  .</p><p>Cota differs from the other genera of  Metrodorina stat. nov. for the following characteristics: body granulated with spine-like tubercles over the tegument; medial carina produced forward; pronotum bicuspid, with rounded undulations, generally with one on the anterior section and another smaller one on the posterior section of the pronotal disc; legs with lappets and saxose protuberances.</p><p>Species included.  Cota saxosa Bolívar, 1887,  C. strumosa Bolívar, 1887,  C. undulata (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona, 2015), and  C. caxiuana Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Amazon between Colombia,  Peru, and Brazil (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Key to species of  Cota</p><p>1. First hump of pronotum subquadrate (Figs. 25A, 26A) and lateral lobes of pronotum rounded at apex (Fig. 25B).......... 2</p><p>- First hump of pronotum rounded (Figs. 27A, 28A) and lateral lobes of pronotum with other shapes (Figs. 27B, 28B)...... 3</p><p>2. Horn of the vertex extending upwards and moderately tapering towards the apex (Figs. 25A, B). Vertex as wide as 1.5 times the width of an eye (Fig. 25C). Lateral lobes of the pronotum curving backward in dorsal view (Fig. 25B). First hump of the pronotum higher than the second one.............................................................  C. strumosa</p><p>- Horn of the vertex slightly curving downward, not tapering towards the apex (Figs. 26A, B). Vertex as wide as 2.5 times the width of an eye (Fig. 26C). Lateral lobes of the pronotum expanding sideways, not curving backward. Pronotal humps with the same height (Figs. 26A, D).....................................................................  C. undulata</p><p>3. Lateral lobe of pronotum tricuspid (Fig. 27B). Lappets and tubercles more conspicuous than the following species, mostly triangular or acute (Figs. 27B, C). First pronotal hump higher than the second one (Fig. 27A). Ante- and genicular teeth well developed (Figs. 27A, B)........................................................................  C. saxosa</p><p>- Lateral lobe of pronotum monocuspid (Figs. 28B, 29C). Lappets and tubercles rounded, not acute (Fig. 28A). Both pronotal humps with of similar height. Ante- and genicular teeth moderately developed (Fig. 28A)............  C. caxiuana sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF8604359FDEC6B5FA5FFAB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF8D042C9FDEC6E8FA5FFEFC.text	542B87FDFF8D042C9FDEC6E8FA5FFEFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cota caxiuana Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Cota caxiuana Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 28 – 29, Map 1)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male. BRAZIL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.443333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7263889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.443333/lat -1.7263889)">Pará</a>, Melgaço, FLONA Caxiuanã [Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, i.e. Caxiuanã National Forest]—ECFPn [Estação Científica Ferreira Pena, i.e. Ferreira Pena Scientific Station]; ESECAFLOR; 1°43’35”S, 51°26’36”W. [45 m.]. X.2011; Pitfall; D.A. Cunha leg. (MPEG).</p><p>Description. Male. Small-sized (8.6 mm). Body moderately robust, rugose, and with abundant granules and lappets on its surface (Fig. 28). Coloration. Body brown (Fig. 28), except for the penultimate antennal segment, palps (Fig. 29A), edges of the lateral lobes of the pronotum (Figs. 29B, C), and edges of the fore and mid femora, which are ocher. Fore and mid tibiae with two ocher rings, one proximal and one distal; hind tibia with a basal and a mesal ring (Figs. 29D, E); last tarsomere of all legs with the basal half ocher and the distal half brown. Head ovoid, slightly taller than wide, with eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule (Fig. 29A). Medial carina conical, with a rounded apex, not curving downwards or upwards, producing in the middle of the eyes (Fig. 29B); lateral carinae rounded and protruding over the dorsal margin of the eyes in lateral view. Head dorsal surface with granules, progressively decreasing in size from the vertex to the occiput (Fig. 29B). Scutellum moderately widened; fascial carinae diverging from its branching, protruding in lateral view; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa; antennae with 14 segments, penultimate segment with a small tubercle or possible antennal organ (Fig. 29A).</p><p>Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum straight, with the prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 29C), and posterior apex completely covering the abdomen (Fig. 28B). First hump moderately elevated compared to other known species of the genus, in lateral view curving uniformly, then forming a valley, which will then give rise to the second hump, which is similar in height to the first hump, dorsally with three lappets on the median carina (Fig. 28A). Lower margin of lateral lobes wide, with the distal margin triangular and pointed (Figs. 28B, 29C); posterior margin of lateral lobe undulated (Fig. 29C); humero-apical carina undulated and finely serrulate, connecting posteriorly with the external lateral carina (Fig. 28A); infrascapular area wide, running laterally from the mesopleura to the pronotal apex (Fig. 28B). Legs. Fore femur widened, dorsal margin constricted basally, expanding distally, and with two dorsal undulations; ventral margin with three prolongations, the second being the most conspicuous (Fig. 29D). Mid femur rectangular, dorsal margin with three undulations of similar shape; ventral margin with three undulations, the second being the widest and longest, and the third undulation being subtriangular in shape (Fig. 29E). Hind femur robust, with three tubercles on the median external area; ventral margin finely serrulated; antegenicular tooth poorly developed; genicular tooth developed and triangular (Fig. 28A). Fore tibia armed with small ventral spines; middle tibia unarmed; hind tibia armed with five small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 28). Abdomen unmodified and completely covered by the pronotum. Cerci conical and short (Fig. 29F); penultimate sternite longer than the subgenital plate (Figs. 29G, H), rounded and curving upwards; subgenital plate subtriangular and distally divided (Fig. 29G).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 8.6. PL: 7.2. PLB: 5.3. FF: 1.6. FL: 1.7. MFL: 2. MTL: 1.9. HL: 4.3. HW: 1.8. HTL: 3.2.</p><p>Comparison. The new species resembles  C. saxosa more than the other known species of the genus.  C. caxiuana sp. nov. differs from  C. saxosa in the less conspicuous and not sharp tubercles, prolongations, and lappets covering the body. Additionally, the new species has two humps on the pronotum of similar height, and the apex of the lateral lobes of the pronotum projects into a moderately sized spine, resembling those of  C. undulata . In contrast,  C. saxosa has the first hump higher than the second, and the lateral lobe of the pronotum has three triangular projections, two distal and one located on the posterior margin of the lateral lobe.</p><p>Remarks. The type specimen harbored several mites on the sternum. Structures such as the epiproct and the pallial plates could not be observed, as the abdomen was rigid, and it was not desirable to damage the sole specimen by forcing this structure.</p><p>Etymology. The name of this new species refers to the type locality and must be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Genus  Hancockiella Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015</p><p>Hancockiella Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona, 2015: 482 .</p><p>Type species:  Hancockiella armata Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona, 2015, by original designation.</p><p>Redescription. Body almost smooth, with small granulations (Figs. 30A, B). Head little exserted. In frontal view: vertex almost as wide as the width of an eye or 1.5 times wider; medial carinae well-developed, and lateral carinae not produced; posterior margin of the vertex projecting rectangularly, but medial carina protruding in the middle; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum narrow; fascial carinae almost straight and parallel, ramification of the fascial carinae angled and little divergent; upper margin of the antennal grooves located well below the lower margin of the eyes, close to the end of fascial carinae (Fig. 30C); antennae unknown (incomplete in the only known specimens); lateral ocelli placed between the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum (Fig. 30C); palpi narrow, with apical segments moderately depressed. In lateral view: carinae of the vertex produced between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle convex in frontal view, deeply at its upper margin where the carinae unite to connect with the medial carina; fascial carinae rounded and emerging between the antennal sockets, above and below almost straight; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and almost straight ventral margin, not elevated higher than vertex (Fig. 30A). Thorax. Pronotum reaching the tip of hind femora; pronotal disc with the dorsum almost flat (Fig. 30A); anterior margin straight and apex pointed but truncated and slightly elevated in lateral view; median carinae very poorly elevated; lateral carinae finely denticulated, little sinuate in dorsal and lateral views, mostly straight after the shoulders; humeral angles concave; lower edge of lateral lobes of pronotum projecting to the sides (Fig. 30B), rounded and armed with a thin spine curved anteriorly (Fig. 30D); infrascapular area ending at the level of the last abdominal segment; lateral area poorly developed (Fig. 30A). Wings absent. Legs little elongated. Fore and mid-femora compressed, dorsal and ventral margins moderately wavy. Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth moderately developed; genicular tooth triangular and with apex almost acute. Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length (Fig. 30A). Abdomen. Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical and reduced; penultimate sternite mid-sized, 1.5 times longer than subgenital plate, and little upcurved; subgenital plate short, cupuliform, upcurved, and apex rounded.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was recently described, including a single species from the Colombian Amazon rainforest (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015).  Hancockiella is differentiated from the other  Metrodorina stat. nov. genera by the following characteristics: carinae of the vertex produced, prominently protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, and scutellum narrow; medial carinae not elevated, therefore, pronotal disc flat; lateral lobes of the pronotum with the lower margin armed with a thin spine curved to the front; apex of the pronotum with a small spinous projection directed upwards.</p><p>An additional record fitting  Hancockiella armata was photographed (Fig. 40A) and made available at iNaturalist, near Nauta,  Peru (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/64200859).</p><p>Species included.  Hancockiella armata Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015 only.</p><p>Distribution. Amazonia of Colombia. However, neighboring countries undoubtedly have additional species and records (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Genus  Hebardidora Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Platytettix harroweri Hebard, 1924, here designated.</p><p>Description. Body granulated, robust (Figs. 31, 32, 33, 36). Head little exserted. In frontal view: vertex wider than two times the width of an eye; medial carinae 2 to 2.5 times longer than the lateral ones; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum wide; fascial carinae mid-sized and concave, ramification of fascial carinae rounded; antennae situated lower than the ventral margin of the eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae and with 14–15 segments; lateral ocelli placed between the inferior part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located near to the ventral apex of the scutellum, close to the frontal carina; palpi narrow, the apical segments moderately depressed (Figs. 32C, 34A, 37A). In lateral view, carinae of the vertex rounded and strongly produced, protruding between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle not convex in front, progressively upcurved; fascial carinae emerging between the antennae and rounded, above and below slightly sinuate; frontal carinae produced and almost straight; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface (Figs. 32A, 34B, 37B). Thorax. Pronotum robust, not surpassing the tip of hind femora. Pronotal disc anteriorly rounded a slightly curved, and the posterior apex pointed; median carina elevated, with a conspicuous hump in the anterior section of pronotum and minor undulation from midsection to apex or cristatte (Figs. 32A, 34A, 35). Angles of the lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangularly acute produced or rounded, obliquely truncated behind and denticulated (Figs. 34C, 35); infra-scapular area wide, ending at the level of the eighth or ninth abdominal segment; lateral area narrow, originating from the upper half of the infra-scapular area with similar width from the base to the apex in lateral view (Figs. 32A, 34B, 35, 36A). Wings absent. Legs stout and a little elongated. Fore and mid femora compressed, dorsal and ventral margins conspicuously wavy, forming small projections on the ventral one (Figs. 34D, 37D). Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth well-developed; genicular tooth triangular and with acute apex (Fig. 32A). Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen unmodified. Penultimate sternite globose; cerci conical and short; subgenital plate upcurved, with the posterior edge angulated, and slightly divided at the apex.</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape but larger (Figs. 31, 38). Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical and reduced; ovipositor valves with moderated serrations, and subgenital plate covering the first basal third of the lower valves (Figs. 39D).</p><p>Species included.  Hebardidora harroweri (Hebard, 1924),  comb. nov.,  H. panamae (Hebard, 1924),  comb. nov., and  H. kasaloi sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Central America, Between Panama and Costa Rica (Map 4).</p><p>Comparison.  Hebardidora gen. nov. differs from  Metrodora because the carina of the vertex and the fastigium is pronounced in the middle of the eyes, and the pronotum generally has a conspicuous hump in the anterior half. In contrast, in  Metrodora, the fastigium is not pronounced, barely protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, and the pronotal disc is flat. The new genus resembles  Tylotettix stat. resurr. more than the other genera of the subtribe. In  Tylotettix stat. resurr., the median carina is elevated, curving progressively from the anterior margin to the apex, and the infrascapular area is of medium width, reaching up to the fourth to sixth abdominal segment. In contrast, in  Hebardidora gen. nov., the females are larger and more robust; the median carina is elevated but with a conspicuous hump on the anterior section of the pronotum and a minor undulation from the central section to the apex, and the infrascapular area is wider and more conspicuous than in the  Tylotettix stat. resurr. species, reaching up to the eighth or ninth abdominal segment.  Hancockiella and  Bolivaridora gen. nov., are differentiated from the new genus because they have a narrow scutellum and no humps on the pronotum, although they have a pronounced fastigium.</p><p>Remarks. The two Central American species described by Hebard (1924a) with wide scutellum and conspicuous hump are grouped in this new genus. They were originally described within  Platytettix and placed within  Cladonotinae, a classification followed by Günther (1939).</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to the memory of the illustrious orthopterist Morgan Hebard for his significant contributions to orthopteroids, including two species grouped here. The ending - dora, which comes from the genus  Metrodora, is added. The gender of the name is feminine.</p><p>MAP 3. Distribution of  Bolivaridora cipolai Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares sp. nov. and  Brazitettix paulista Silva, 2024 .</p><p>Key to species of  Hebardidora</p><p>1. Hump of median carina of pronotum moderately elevated, in lateral view, from the humero-apical carina to the highest edge of the hump, rising the equivalent of half of the fore femur length or less (Figs. 35D, F). Lower margin of lateral lobes of pronotum pointed (Fig. 35C, E).................................................................................. 2</p><p>- Hump of median carina of pronotum conspicuously elevated, in lateral view, from the humero-apical carina to the highest edge of the hump rising the equivalent of the fore femur lenght (Figs. 31A, 32A). Lower margin of lateral lobes of pronotum rounded (Figs. 35A, B)....................................................................  H. harroweri comb. nov.</p><p>2. Medial carina of the vertex conspicuously projected in lateral view. Median carina of the pronotum with two humps (Fig. 35D).............................................................................  H. panamae comb. nov.</p><p>- Medial carina of the vertex moderately projected, protruding a little between the eyes in lateral view (Fig. 37B). Median carina of pronotum cristate, not like a hump (Fig. 35F)..............................................  H. kasaloi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF8D042C9FDEC6E8FA5FFEFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF9404209FDEC222FA88F839.text	542B87FDFF9404209FDEC222FA88F839.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebardidora harroweri (Hebard 1924) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Hebardidora harroweri (Hebard, 1924),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 31–34, 35A, B, Map 4)</p><p>Platytettix harroweri 
Hebard, 1924: 81 . Holotype: female. PANAMA, Colón: Gatún. Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Metrodora harroweri: Günther, 1939: 297.</p><p>Material examined.   2 Males. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, District of Golfito, Guaycará, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.20216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.700691" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.20216/lat 8.700691)">La Gamba Biological Station</a>; 8°42’2.49”N, 83°12’7.79”W; 80 m; IV. 2018; F. Etl. (CAUD) (Map 4)  .</p><p>Description. Male (hitherto unknown). In addition to the characters of the genus: Tiny-size (5.0– 5.2 mm) (Figs. 32A, B, 33). Body robust, granular, and moderately rugose (Figs. 32, 33). Coloration. Body dark brown (Figs. 32A, B); ocelli white (Fig. 34A); median pronotal carina with alternating ocher and dark brown spots along the entire edge of the hump (Figs. 34 B, C); fore and middle tibiae ocher, with greyish-brown stripes (Figs. 34B, D); hind tibia with basal half brown and an ocher ring near the base, distal half ocher; tarsomeres ocher with posterior edge brown (Fig. 33A). Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule (Figs. 32C, 34A), medial carina protruding upward in the middle of the eyes, forming a prolongation, widened in lateral view and with a rounded edge (Fig. 34B); lateral carinae moderately elevated, slightly protruding beside the eyes in frontal view (Fig. 34A), dorsal margin almost straight, connecting with the base of the medial carina (Fig. 34C); scutellum wide; fascial carinae diverging and straight in the basal section, then noticeably curving, outlining the scutellum and giving it a rounded shape; lateral ocelli located near the expansion of the frontal costa; medial ocellus situated in the middle of the distal section of the fascial carinae (Figs. 34A). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum moderately projected over the head (Figs.33B, 34C); prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 34C); pronotal apex rounded (Figs. 32B, 33B). Hump rising in the anterior half of the pronotum, with the dorsal margin (median carina) slightly curved for most of its length, then curving downwards rapidly, progressively descending until reaching the pronotal apex in lateral view (Figs. 33A, 34B). Lateral lobes square-shaped, with a rounded lower margin in dorsal view (Figs. 32B, 33B, 34C). Legs. Fore and mid femora with almost straight dorsal margin, ventral margin with three medium-sized prolongations (Fig. 34B); fore tibia armed with small spinules on the distal third of the ventral margins; mid tibia unarmed (Fig. 34D); hind femur robust (Fig. 33A), median external area with two small lappets (Fig. 33B), antegenicular and genicular tooth well-developed (Fig. 33A); hind tibia armed with six small spines on each dorsal margin.Abdomen unmodified. Cerci conical and short, penultimate sternite conspicuous; subgenital plate triangular shaped in ventral view.</p><p>Remarks. Unfortunately, the pallial plates and epiproct of the studied males could not be examined as they are entirely covered, and attempting to observe them could damage the specimens. Additionally, the antennae are missing from the available specimens.</p><p>This species was originally described based on a female specimen from Gatun, Canal Zone (Hebard, 1924a) (Fig. 31), and an additional male from Barro Colorado Island (Panama) was selected posteriorly as an allotype (Hebard, 1933) but was not described (Fig. 32). The specimens studied here are the first record of the species for Costa Rica (Figs. 33, 34). The males exhibit a similar morphology to the females, differing only in ambisexual characters. Furthermore, the males are morphologically similar to the male from Panama recorded by Kasalo et al. (2023b), and another Panamanian male recorded on iNaturalist. (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152111747), identified by Kasalo in 2023 (Fig. 40B).</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 5.0–5.2. PL: 4.5–4.8. PLB: 2.5–2.7. FF: 1.0–1.2. FL: 1.5–1.7. MFL: 1.4–1.5. MTL: 1.4–1.6. HL: 2.5–3.0. HW: 1.0–1.2. HTL: 2.0–2.3.</p><p>MAP 4. Distribution of Mesoamerican species.  Tylotettix,  Hebardidora gen. nov.,  Chiriquia,  Otumba and  Platythorus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF9404209FDEC222FA88F839	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF99045A9FDEC3C0FED3FE57.text	542B87FDFF99045A9FDEC3C0FED3FE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebardidora kasaloi Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Hebardidora kasaloi Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 35E, F, 36 – 39, Map 4)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, District of Golfito, Guaycará, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.20216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.700691" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.20216/lat 8.700691)">La Gamba Biological Station</a>. 8°42’2.49”N, 83°12’7.79”W. 80 m, IV.2018. F. Etl. (CAUD)  .  Paratype. Female, same data as holotype (CAUD) .</p><p>Description. Male. Tiny-size (5.1 mm). Body robust and rugose (Fig. 36). Coloration. Body mostly dark brown, with black stripes running along the legs and pronotum; fore and mid tibiae and tarsomeres completely black (Fig. 36). Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule, medial carina slightly protruding upward in the middle of the eyes, forming a small and conical prolongation (Fig. 37A); moderately widened in lateral view (Fig. 37B); lateral carinae moderately elevated, slightly protruding beside the eyes in frontal view (Fig. 37A), dorsal margin curved down, connecting with the base of the medial carina; scutellum wide; fascial carinae diverging into curved carinae in its entire length, outlining the scutellum and giving it an oblong shape; lateral ocelli rounded, located near the expansion of the frontal costa; medial ocellus inconspicuous, situated in the middle of the distal section of the fascial carinae (Fig. 37A). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum moderately projected over the head (Figs. 36A, 37B); prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 36B, 37C); pronotal apex thin and pointed (Fig. 36B). Median carinae cristate, not forming a hump, progressively curving upward, slightly undulating in the middle, then descending in a straight line, ending in a point (Fig. 36A). Lateral lobes triangular-shaped, lower margin rounded anteriorly and pointed at apex in dorsal view (Figs. 36B, 37C). Legs. Fore femur ovoid and moderately expanded, dorsal margin with two rounded prolongations, and the ventral margin with three rounded prolongations of similar size. Mid femur rectangular, dorsal margin almost straight, undulating near the apex; ventral margin with three subtriangular prolongations of similar shape and size, equidistant from each other (Fig. 37D). Hind femur robust, the median external area with two small lappets, and antegenicular and genicular teeth well-developed; hind tibia armed with five small spines on each dorsal margin. Abdomen unmodified. Cerci conical and short, with penultimate sternite conspicuous; in ventral view, subgenital plate triangular shaped.</p><p>Female. Similar to the male (Figs. 38, 39), but differs in the following characteristics: Dark brown coloration with abundant ocher stripes and spots on the pronotum and legs; median carina of pronotum cristate, curving regularly, with two undulations of similar elevation in the anterior half of the pronotal disc (Figs. 35F, 38A, 39B); fore and mid femora with a wavy dorsal margin and ventral margin with a similar shape to that of the male (Figs. 38A, 39B, E); antegenicular and genicular teeth more pronounced than those of the male; subgenital plate semi-circular in shape, with rounded posterior edge (Fig. 39D); ovipositor with moderately thickened and denticulate valves.</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male / female. CFP: 5.1 / 7.2. PL: 4.2 / 6.2. PLB: 3.2 / 4.0. FF: 1.2 / 1.5. FL: 1.3 / 1.7. MFL: 1.5 / 1.6. MTL: 1.4 / 1.5. HL: 3.0 / 3.5. HW: 1.8 / 1.9. HTL: 2.7 / 3.0.</p><p>Comparison. This new species can be confused with  H. panamae comb. nov., due to the shape of the lateral lobes of the pronotum (Figs. 35C, E). However, they differ in other characteristics, such as the medial carinae of  H. panamae comb. nov. which is notably more projected in lateral view, resembling more  H. harroweri comb. nov. On the other hand, in  H. kasaloi sp. nov., the medial carina is less elongated and almost covered by the eyes in lateral view.  H. panamae comb. nov. have two humps, one in the anterior section of the pronotum, and another in the posterior section, with a large concavity in the middle of these two (Fig. 35D). In contrast, the new species does not have a hump as such; on the contrary, the medial carina of the pronotum is wavy and cristate (Fig. 35F).</p><p>Remarks. Specimens identified as  Metrodora panamae by Kasalo et al. (2023b) correspond to this new species. Therefore, color variation is evident (Fig. 41), with the one most similar to the female paratype described here corresponding to the record on iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/48071095) from Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica (Fig. 41A), another female from La Gamba, Costa Rica (in the vicinity of the type locality of the new species), exhibits similar coloration to the female paratype (Fig. 41B), but the anterior margin of the pronotum and lateral lobes are conspicuously delineated in ocher color (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/109138953). Additional females may have the entire anterior section of the pronotum in ocher color (Figs. 41C, D) (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/45975152, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/75406245, and https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/144480295), as seen in the records from Alturas Wildlife Sanctuary, La Gamba and Golfito, closet o Parque Nacional Corcovado respectively (Fig. 41D). Other specimens may have a conspicuous dorsal ocher stripe, covering most of the pronotal disk, and the distal half of the hind femur ocher (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/92962831, and https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/72848917) also ocher, as seen in specimens from Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas and Drake Bay respectively (Figs. 41E, F). The coloration is not regional.As can be observed in the records indicated here, one color form can be recorded in different locations, and different color forms can coexist in the same locality.</p><p>Etymology. Dedicated to the Croatian orthopterist Niko Kasalo in recognition of his contributions to the  Tetrigidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF99045A9FDEC3C0FED3FE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFE204599FDEC28DFA5FFA03.text	542B87FDFFE204599FDEC28DFA5FFA03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebardidora panamae (Hebard 1924) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Hebardidora panamae (Hebard, 1924),  comb. nov.</p><p>Platytettix panamae 
Hebard, 1924: 81 . Holotype: female. PANAMA, Colón: Porto Bello. Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Metrodora panamae: Günther, 1939: 295.</p><p>Remarks. Here, this species is transferred to the genus  Hebardidora gen. nov.</p><p>Genus  Bolivaridora Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Bolivaridora paraensis sp. nov., here designated.</p><p>Description. Body almost smooth, with small granulations (Figs. 42, 46, 50). Head little exserted. In frontal view, vertex as wide as the width of an eye or 1.5 times wider; medial carinae well-developed and lateral carinae not produced; anterior margin of the vertex also projects rectangularly, but in the middle of these, the medial carina protrudes; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum narrow; fascial carinae almost straight and parallel, ramification of the fascial carinae angled; antennal grooves located at side of the mid-length of fascial carinae, usually between the lower margin of the eyes ( B. tani sp. nov. close to the middle of the eyes); antennae with 15 segments; lateral ocelli placed between the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi narrow, the apical segments moderately depressed (Figs. 43A, 47A, 51A). In lateral view: carinae of the vertex produced between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle convex in front, where the carinae unite to connect with the medial carina; fascial carinae emerging between the antennae and arched; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and nearly straight ventral margin, not elevated higher than vertex (Figs. 43B, 47B, 51B). Thorax. Pronotum not surpassing the tip of hind femora (except  B. lutosa comb. nov.). Pronotal disc with the dorsum almost flat; anterior margin straight and posterior apex pointed; median carinae with a small undulation on the first basal third of pronotal disc (Figs. 42B, 46A, 50A). Lateral carinae sinuate in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave; lower margin of lateral lobes of pronotum projecting to the sides, triangular or rounded-shaped (Figs. 43C, 47C, 51C); infrascapular area ending at the level of the fourth to fifth abdominal segments; lateral area poorly-developed (Figs. 42A, 46A). Wings absent. Legs stout and slightly elongated. Fore and mid-femora compressed, dorsal and ventral margins wavy (Figs. 43D, 43E, 47D, 47E). Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth well-developed; genicular tooth triangular and with apex acute (Figs. 42A, 46A). Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen. Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical and reduced (Figs. 43F, 47G, 51G); penultimate sternite mid-sized, 1.5 times longer than the subgenital plate and slightly upcurved (Figs. 43H, 47F, 51F); subgenital plate short, cupuliform, upcurved, and apex with a small mid notch (Figs. 43G, 47F, 51H).</p><p>Female. Similar to males but differing in the somewhat larger size, slightly more robust body (Figs. 44, 48, 53, 55), and slightly wider vertex (Figs. 45A, 48A, 53C, 55C). Ovipositor valves with mid-sized serrations (Figs. 45G, 48G, 57F), subgenital plate not covering the base of the lower valve (Figs. 45H, 48H, 57G).</p><p>Species included.  Bolivaridora paraensis sp. nov.,  B. tani sp. nov.,  B. lutosa (Bolívar, 1887), comb. nov.,  B. cipolai sp. nov., and  B. parisae sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution. In the Atlantic Forest, from Southeastern Brazil, recorded in São Paulo and Paraná States; and in the Amazon rainforest, from Pará State (Brazil), and Putumayo Department (Colombia) (Maps 1–3).</p><p>Comparison.  Bolivaridora gen. nov. differs from  Metrodora and  Platytettix stat. resurr. by the noticeably projected fastigium, which does not protrude conspicuously between the eyes in the other two genera. The new genus differs from the genera  Morseidora gen. nov.,  Tylotettix stat. resurr.,  Hebardidora gen. nov., and  Platytettix stat. resurr. by not having humps or an elevation of the median carina of the pronotum, in contrast to those genera that have an elevated pronotum or with humps and usually with a wide scutellum.  Bolivaridora gen. nov. resembles  Hancockiella, differing in that the apex of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, which, in the last genus, the apex is rounded and has a small spine curved forward, and in the new genus, it may have different shapes, ranging from angled to a straight with a spine.</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to the memory of the illustrious orthopterist Ignacio Bolívar, who laid the foundations for the tetrigids classification. The ending - dora, which comes from the genus  Metrodora, is added. The gender of the name is being established as feminine.</p><p>Key to species of  Bolivaridora</p><p>1. Lateral lobes of the pronotum subtriangular, and lower margin of the lobes rounded (Figs. 42B, 43C, 46B, 47C). Hind femur with the antegenicular and genicular teeth poorly developed (Figs. 42A, 46A)..................................... 2</p><p>- Lateral lobes of the pronotum triangular-shaped, and lower margin of the lobes acute (Figs. 51C, 52C), pointed (Fig. 55B), or spined (Fig. 56B) ( B. cipolai sp. nov. is triangular angulated). Hind femur with the antegenicular and genicular teeth usually well or moderately developed........................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Medial carina of the vertex moderately produced, almost covered by the eye in lateral view (Fig. 43B). Median carina of the pronotum sub-elevated. In lateral view, posterior apex of the pronotum slightly down curved. Hind femur brown, with the ventral external area black (Figs. 42A, 44A)................................................  B. paraensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Medial carinae of the vertex well-produced, noticeably protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view (Fig. 47B). Median carina of pronotum moderately elevated, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance. In lateral view, posterior apex of the pronoto almost straight and slightly upcurved. Hind femur of similar coloration across its entire outer surface, without stripes or different coloration in the ventral external area (Figs. 46A, 48A)..................................  B. tani sp. nov.</p><p>3. Medial carina of the vertex conspicuosly protruded in the middle of the eyes in lateral view (Figs. 51B, 52B). Pronotal disc with the median carinae elevated, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance in lateral view (Fig. 50A)......  B. cipolai sp. nov.</p><p>- Medial carina of the vertex moderately protruded in the middle of the eyes in lateral view (Fig. 57B). Pronotal disc almost flat and with median carina sub-elevated (Fig. 56A)............................................................. 4</p><p>4. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the lower margin acute (Fig. 55B). Hind femur with the apex blackish-brown and hind tibia ocher (Fig. 55A)......................................................................  B. lutosa comb. nov.</p><p>- Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the lower margin in the form of a spine projecting sideways (Figs. 56B, 57C). Hind femur with upper half light grayish brown, lower half and much of the external ventral area and knee dark brown; hind tibia also dark brown (Fig. 56A)......................................................................  B. parisae sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFE204599FDEC28DFA5FFA03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFE104529FDEC578FB0DF893.text	542B87FDFFE104529FDEC578FB0DF893.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolivaridora paraensis Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Bolivaridora paraensis Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 42–45, Map 1)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.443333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7263889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.443333/lat -1.7263889)">Male</a>, BRAZIL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.443333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7263889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.443333/lat -1.7263889)">Pará</a>, Melgaço, FLONA Caxiuanã [Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, i.e. Caxiuanã National Forest]—ECFPn [Estação Científica Ferreira Pena, i.e. Ferreira Pena Scientific Station]; ESECAFLOR; 1°43’35”S, 51°26’36”W [45 m]; VII.2011; Pitfall; D.A. Cunha leg. (MPEG)  .  Paratypes. 2 females, same data as the holotype but collected in III.2012 (MPEG) .  1 female. BRAZIL, Pará, Melgaço, FLONA <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.43089&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7226667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.43089/lat -1.7226667)">Caxiuanã</a>; Team 5; 01°43’21.6”S, 51°25’51.2”W [48 m]; 25-28.IX.2006; Winkler; J. A. P. Barreiros leg.   1 female (MPEG). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.472973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7430834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.472973/lat -1.7430834)">Same</a> locality as preceding, but collected in the site Puraquequara; 01°44’35.1”S, 51°28’22.7”W [13 m]; 16- 21.XI.2005; Pitfall; J. A. P. Barreiros leg. (MPEG)  .</p><p>Description. Male. In addition to the characters of the genus. Small size (7 mm) (Figs. 42, 44). Coloration. Predominantly chocolate brown with black and ocher spots (Fig. 42). Head dark brown with abundant black spots (Fig. 43A), and all antennal segments ocher (Figs. 43B, C). Clypeus brown with black spots, labrum ocher with a dark transverse stripe on the proximal margin, and lateral margins outlined in brown; palpi ocher with diffuse grayish-brown spots (Fig. 43A). Fore femur with the ventral half ocher and the dorsal half with dark brown spots (Fig. 43D); mid-femur covered by dark brown spots (Fig. 43E); fore and mid tibiae ocher with the dorsal edge blurred grayish-brown; hind femur brown, with the ventral external area black, and chevrons slightly outlined by black and alternating ocher (Fig. 42A); hind tibia ocher with blurred blackish spots, mainly on the outer face; all tarsomeres light brown, with the distal section of the last tarsomere dark brown. Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a third of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes as wide as the width of one of the eyes (Fig. 43A); medial carina moderately protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, protruding about a fifth of the length of the eyes, although it projects, it slightly surpasses the eyes in lateral view (Fig. 43B); scutellum narrow, slightly widened; fascial carinae little divergent and almost parallel (Fig. 43A), protruding in lateral view and rounded; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 43A). Antennae with 14 unmodified segments (Figs. 43B, C). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight, slightly produced in the middle; prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 43C), pronotal apex acuminated in dorsal and lateral view, slightly downcurved in lateral view (Fig. 42B). Median carina sub-elevated; internal lateral carinae slightly curved in lateral view; external lateral carinae finely denticulated and curved (Fig. 42B); infrascapular area moderately widened (Fig. 42A); lower margin of lateral lobes subtriangular-shaped and rounded; posterior margin of lateral lobe rounded, but not produced as a rounded prolongation as others species (Fig. 43C). Legs. Fore and mid femora rectangular, dorsal and ventral margins slightly wavy (Figs. 43D, E); hind femur with the antegenicular tooth poorly developed and genicular tooth moderately developed (Fig. 42A); hind tibia armed with three or four small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 42B). Abdomen unmodified. Tenth tergite constricted; cerci conical tapering towards the distal section (Fig. 43F). Penultimate sternite mid-sized, 1.5 times longer than subgenital plate, and slightly upcurved (Fig. 43G); subgenital plate short, cupuliform, upcurved (Fig. 43H), and apex with a mid-notch, most conspicuous compared to the other congeners (Fig. 43G).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape and coloration (Fig. 44), differing in having 15 antennal segments (Figs. 45A, B), the margins of the fore and mid femora are almost straight, and very slightly undulating (Figs. 45D, E). It also differs in the ambisexual characters: Tenth tergite divided by a lanceolate plate that extends and connects with the epiproct (Fig. 45F). Epiproct triangular, divided into three plates: two lateral quadrangular plates on each side, and a distal subtriangular plate with rounded apex (Fig. 45F). Cerci conical tapering towards the distal section, diverging to the sides (Fig. 45F). Ovipositor valves with normal development and covered with bristles (Fig. 45G). Subgenital plate rectangular, wider than long, with posterior margin straight and a subtriangular extension in the middle (Fig. 45H).</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male / female. CFP: 7.1 / 7.5–8.2. PL: 6.2 / 5.3–6.8. PLB: 3.2 / 3.5. FF: 1.5 / 1.5–1.8. FL: 1.2 / 1.3–1.5. MFL: 1.5 / 1.8–1.9. MTL: 1.3 / 1.6–1.7. HL: 4.1 / 4.1–4.8. HW: 1.8 / 1.8–1.9. HTL: 3.2 / 3.0–3.5.</p><p>Comparison.  B. paraensis sp. nov. differs from the majority of congeners in the lateral lobes of the pronotum subtriangular with a rounded lower margin (Fig. 43C), and also the hind femur has poorly developed antegenicular and genicular teeth (Fig. 42A). The species most similar to  B. paraensis sp. nov. is  B. tani sp. nov., which differs in the moderately produced medial carina of the vertex, almost covered by the eye in lateral view (Fig. 43B), the sub-elevated median carina of the pronotum, and the slightly downcurved apex of the pronotum (Figs. 42A, 44A).  B. tani sp. nov. has the medial carina of vertex more pronounced, with a more pronounced fastigium (Fig. 47B), the pronotal disc with the median carina moderately elevated, and the apex of the pronotum slightly upcurved (46A, 48A).</p><p>Remarks. One of the paratype females presents lighter shades, with an overall light brown coloration, but maintaining the same pattern as the other specimens.</p><p>Etymology. The name of this species refers to the state of Pará, Brazil, where it is recorded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFE104529FDEC578FB0DF893	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFEB04539FDEC3C0FCE3F803.text	542B87FDFFEB04539FDEC3C0FCE3F803.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolivaridora tani Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Bolivaridora tani Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 46–49, Map 1)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male, BRAZIL, Pará, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.367473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019974/lat -9.367473)">Novo Progresso</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.367473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019974/lat -9.367473)">Serra do Cachimbo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.367473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019974/lat -9.367473)">Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Veloso</a>; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.367473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019974/lat -9.367473)">Ponto</a> 2— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.367473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019974/lat -9.367473)">Rio Formiga</a>; mata de galeria [gallery forest], 09°22’02.9”S, 55°01’11.9”W [415 m, close to Mato Grosso State border]; 16–26.III.2004; Pitfall (MPEG)  .  Paratypes. 2 females, same locality as the holotype, except mata ciliar [riparian forest], 09°22’24”S, 55°01’10”W [420 m]; 07-17.IX.2003; Pitfall (MPEG) .</p><p>Description. Male. Small size (8.2 mm). Coloration. Predominantly brown with some ocher and gray spots or stripes (Fig. 46). Head brown, all antennal segments yellowish, except the last dark brown one (Figs. 47A, B). Labrum brown, clypeus lighter with the distal margin brown delineated as a conspicuous stripe; palpi ocher with diffuse brown spots (Fig. 47A). Femora brown with the relief of the surface outlined in dark brown (Figs. 47D, E); tibiae ocher with diffuse grayish-brown stripes, fore, and mid tarsi with the first tarsomere brown, the last tarsomere with the proximal half ocher and the rest brown; hind tarsi completely yellowish. Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a third of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes 1.5 times the width of one of the eyes (Fig. 47A); medial carina protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, surpassing in almost the length of an eye; transversal carinae conspicuously produced and visible in lateral view in the middle of the eyes, without exceeding the medial carina (Fig. 47B); scutellum narrow, slightly widened; fascial carinae straight and parallel, protruding in lateral view and almost straight; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 47A). Antennae with 14 unmodified segments (Fig. 47B). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight; prozonal carinae developed, pronotal apex angulated in dorsal and lateral view, slightly upcurved in lateral view (Fig. 47C). Median carina moderately elevated, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance in lateral view (Fig. 46A); internal lateral carinae slightly curved in lateral view; external lateral carinae finely denticulated and curved (Fig. 46B); infrascapular area moderately widened (Fig. 46A); lower margin of lateral lobes subtriangular-shaped, and rounded; posterior margin of lateral lobe rounded, but not produced as a rounded prolongation as others species (Fig. 47C). Legs. Fore and mid femora rectangular, dorsal margin curved, ventral margin slightly wavy (Figs. 47D, E); hind femur with the antegenicular tooth poorly developed and genicular tooth moderately developed; hind tibia armed with four or five small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 46A). Abdomen unmodified (Fig. 47F). Tenth tergite divided by a hexagonal plate, which connects to the epiproct (Fig. 47G). Epiproct triangular and divided into three plates, two lateral ones rhomboid in shape, and the distal one subtriangular, tapering towards the apex, which ends in a modest conical extension (Fig. 47G). Cerci conical, tapering towards the apex and moderately diverging to the sides (Fig. 47G). Penultimate sternite mid-sized, 1.5 times longer than subgenital plate, and slightly upcurved (Fig. 47F); subgenital plate short, triangular, upcurved, and apex with a mid-notch; Pallial plates forming an ovoid structure; medial grooves undulated and terminating in the pallial hook (Fig. 47H).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in shape and coloration (Fig. 48, 49), differing in the ambisexual characters: Tenth tergite divided by a pentagonal plate that extends and connects with the epiproct (Fig. 49F). The epiproct has a similar shape and organization as the male. Cerci conical tapering towards the distal section, diverging to the sides (Fig. 49F). Ovipositor valves with normal development and covered with bristles (Fig. 49G). Subgenital plate rectangular, longer than wide, with the posterior margin round and a small and rounded extension in the middle (Fig. 49H).</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male / female. CFP: 8.2 / 8.5–8.8. PL: 6.8 / 7–7.2. PLB: 3 / 3.2. FF: 1.6 / 1.8. FL: 1.2 / 1.4–1.5. MFL: 1.8 / 1.9–2. MTL: 1.5 / 1.5–1.6. HL: 4.2 / 5. HW: 1.8 / 2. HTL: 3.8 / 3.8–4.</p><p>Comparison. The comparison of  B. paraensis sp. nov. also applies to  B. tani sp. nov. However, the characteristics of the latter species are highlighted.  B. tani sp. nov. differs from  B. paraensis sp. nov. in the well-developed medial carinae of the head, noticeably protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, resembling the fastigium of  B. cipolai sp. nov.; the moderately elevated median carina of the pronotum, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance, whereas, in  B. paraensis sp. nov., the pronotal disc is almost flat; the slightly upcurved apex of the pronotum, in contrast to the slightly downcurved pronotal apex of  B. paraensis sp. nov.; the similar coloration of the hind femur, across its entire outer surface, without stripes or different coloration in the ventral external area, whereas, in  B. paraensis sp. nov. the hind femur is brown, with the ventral external area black.</p><p>Etymology. We dedicate this species to the renowned orthopterist and friend Ming Kai Tan in recognition of his contributions to the  Tetrigidae and other  Orthoptera groups of Southeast Asia and his selfless assistance to several of our projects, sharing valuable specimens and literature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFEB04539FDEC3C0FCE3F803	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFEC044E9FDEC3C0FE01FE15.text	542B87FDFFEC044E9FDEC3C0FE01FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolivaridora cipolai Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Bolivaridora cipolai Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 50–54, Maps 1 and 3)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male. BRAZIL, Paraná, Cornélio Procópio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.57223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.155571" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.57223/lat -23.155571)">Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco</a> (P3- Mata); 23°09’20.06”S, 50°34’20.04”W. [530 m]; 14.VIII-19.IX.2009. Pitfall (PV). Cipola,  N.G. col. (MPEG).</p><p>Paratype. Male. Same data as holotype (MPEG) .</p><p>Description. Male. Small-size (7–7.5 mm). Coloration. Predominantly brown with some ocher, black, brown, and gray spots or stripes (Fig. 50). Light brown head; clypeus with a notably lighter stripe on the distal margin; labrum light brown, with the distal margin outlined by a conspicuous darker brown stripe that undulates in the middle; palpi ocher with diffuse brown spots (Fig. 51A). Fore and mid femora with the relief of the surface outlined in black and dark brown (Figs. 51D, E); hind femora with similar coloration to the other two femora, but with the ventral external area black (Fig. 50A); tibiae ocher with alternating brown stripes (Fig. 50B), fore, and mid tarsi with the first tarsomere brown, the last tarsomere with the proximal half ocher and the rest brown; first tarsomere of the hind tarsi ocher, second tarsomere brown, last tarsomere with the basal and distal edges brown, and in the middle of these, ocher. Pronotal disc with two black ovoid spots in the middle of its length, one on each side (Fig. 50B). Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a third of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes 1.5 times the width of one of the eyes (Fig. 51A); medial carina protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, exceeding almost the length of an eye, curving slightly forward and upward; transversal carinae conspicuously produced and visible in lateral view in the middle of the eyes, without exceeding the medial carina (Fig. 51B); scutellum almost narrow, slightly widened; fascial carinae little divergent and parallel, protruding in lateral view and convex; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 51A). Antennae incomplete. Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight; prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 51C), and pronotal apex rounded in dorsal and lateral view (Fig. 50B). Median carina elevated, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance in lateral view (Fig. 50A); internal lateral carinae slightly curved in lateral view; external lateral carinae finely denticulated and curved (Fig. 50B); infrascapular area widened and ovoid (Fig. 50B); lower margin of lateral lobes subtriangular-shaped, and angulated (not rounded or pointed as previous species here described); posterior margin of lateral lobe rounded (Fig. 51C). Legs. Fore and mid femora rectangular, dorsal margin curved, ventral margin wavy; fore femur with three ventral undulations, the longest is the last one close to the apex, which looks like a prolongation (Fig. 51D); mid femur with three ventral undulations almost similar in size (Fig. 51E); hind femur with the antegenicular and genicular teeth well developed (Fig. 50A); hind tibia armed with five or six small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 50B). Abdomen unmodified (Fig. 51F). Tenth tergite divided by a pentagonal plate, which connects to the epiproct (Fig. 51G). Epiproct triangular divided into three plates, two lateral ones rhomboid in shape, and the distal one subtriangular, tapering towards the apex, which ends in a modest conical extension (Fig. 51G). Cerci conical, tapering towards the apex and moderately diverging towards the sides (Fig. 51G). Penultimate sternite mid-sized, 1.5 times longer than subgenital plate, and slightly upcurved (Fig. 51F); subgenital plate short, triangular, upcurved, and apex with a mid-notch; pallial plates forming an ovoid structure (Fig. 50H). Medial grooves straight and ending in the pallial hooks (Fig. 50G).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 7–7.5. PL: 6.0. PLB: 3–3.2. FF: 1.5–1.8. FL: 1.5–1.7. MFL: 1.9–2.0. MTL: 1.5–1.8. HL: 4.1–4.2. HW: 1.8. HTL: 3.3.</p><p>Comparison.  B. cipolai sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by having subtriangular-shaped lateral lobes of the pronotum, with the lower margin of the lobes angulated (Fig. 51C), and with posthumeral spots on the pronotal disc (Fig. 50B). It is most similar to  B. tani sp. nov., as both species have a noticeably pronounced fastigium and a pronotal disc with elevated median carinae, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance in lateral view, but it is more elevated in  B. cipolai sp. nov. The hind femur of  B. cipolai sp. nov. has the ventral external area black (Fig. 50A), as in  B. paraensis sp. nov., but this is absent in  B. tani sp. nov. and  B. lutosa comb. nov.</p><p>Remarks. The paratype male has darker tones but follows the coloration patterns of the holotype (Fig. 52).</p><p>Recently, Josef Tumbrinck identified a female as  Metrodora cf. lutosa from “Alto da Serra” in São Paulo, Brazil (Fig. 53). That female fits the characteristics of  B. cipolai sp. nov., differing in the median carina of the pronotum that does not elevate in the same way as the males studied here (Fig. 53A). In this female, the median carina elevates to the level of the shoulders, and from there onwards, it gradually curves downwards (Fig. 53A). This female has the same shape of the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum and the spots on the pronotal disc (Fig. 53B), like some of the characteristics that allow distinguishing  B. cipolai sp. nov. from other known  Bolivaridora gen. nov. species.</p><p>Additional records that match the characteristics of  B. cipolai sp. nov. can be found on the iNaturalist platform, suggesting a distribution of the species in southern and southeastern Brazil from Paraná to Rio de Janeiro (Fig.54,Maps 1 and 3):From the state of Santa Catarina, a female from Timbó(https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/192273760) and a male from Itinga, Araquari (Fig. 54A) (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/98389984). From São Paulo, a female of Praia Grande (Fig. 54B) (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/97900582). From Rio de Janeiro, apparently a male from Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/65301640), a female from Alto da Boa Vista (Fig. 54C) (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/101734894), females from the Reserva Biológica do Tinguá (Figs. 54D, E) (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202320794), Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35871504), and a male from Magé (Fig. 54F) (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/156629890). With these records, color variations are observed, maintaining the characteristic pronotal spots, which could be useful for distinguishing the species.</p><p>Etymology. We dedicate this species to the entomologist and specialist in Collembola, Dr. Nikolas Gioia Cipola, who collected this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFEC044E9FDEC3C0FE01FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFF6044E9FDEC14BFD87F998.text	542B87FDFFF6044E9FDEC14BFD87F998.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolivaridora lutosa (Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Bolivaridora lutosa (Bolívar, 1887), comb. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 55)</p><p>Metrodora lutosa  Bolívar, 1887: 248. Holotype: female, BRAZIL.  Depository: NMW.</p><p>Material examined.  Female holotype. BRAZIL. Coll Br. v.W. (NMW) .</p><p>Redescription. Female. Medium size (9 mm.). Body moderately robust and slightly rugose (Fig.55A).</p><p>Coloration. Chocolate brown with black spots and ocher stripes (Figs. 55A, B). Fore and mid legs brown with black and ocher stripes, hind tibia ocher, and tarsomeres ocher, with the last segment having the distal third brown. Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a third of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes as wide as 1.5 times the width of one of the eyes; medial carina moderately protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, exceeding about a third of the length of the eyes, projecting almost straight, without curving downwards; scutellum narrow, slightly widened; fascial carinae straight and parallel, protruding and rounded in lateral view; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 55C). Antennae incomplete. Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight; prozonal carinae developed, pronotal apex pointed in dorsal and lateral views (Fig. 55B). Median carina subelevated; internal lateral carinae almost straight in dorsal view; external lateral carinae slightly denticulated and curved (Fig. 55B); infrascapular area widened and ovoid in lateral view, longer than wide (Fig. 55A). Lower margins of lateral lobes triangular-shaped and acute; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 55B). Legs. Fore and mid femora rectangular, dorsal margin almost straight, ventral margin slightly wavy; hind femur with the antegenicular and genicular teeth well-developed; hind tibia armed with five small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 55A). Abdomen unmodified. Tenth tergite constricted; cerci conical tapering towards the distal section. Ovipositor valves with normal development and covered with bristles. Subgenital plate quadrangular, nearly as long as wide, posterior margin rounded with a small triangular extension in the middle. The epiproct was not possible to examine.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 9. PL: 9. HL: 4.5.</p><p>Remarks.  B. lutosa comb. nov. is the only species previously described. It was allocated within  Metrodora, and its classification has not changed until now. The type locality of  B. lutosa was stated solely as “ Brazil ” (Fig. 55D), but Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012) mention that it is found in Venezuela. However, this was possibly a confusion on the part of the authors since no previous record cites the species for that country. No additional specimens have been recorded since its original description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFF6044E9FDEC14BFD87F998	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFF604439FDEC5C0FDEEFBCF.text	542B87FDFFF604439FDEC5C0FDEEFBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolivaridora parisae Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Bolivaridora parisae Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 56–57, Maps 1 and 2)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Female. COLOMBIA, Putumayo, Mocoa, Vda. Caliyaco, Jardín Botanico, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.25589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.5135279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.25589/lat -3.5135279)">Tropical Amazónico</a>; 3°30’48.7”S 70°15’21.2”W. [584 m.]; 18 IX.2015; L. Perez leg. (CAUD).</p><p>Description. Female. In addition to the characters of the genus. Small-size (9 mm). Coloration. Predominantly dark grey, with light brown and grayish stripes (Fig. 56). Head dark brown, except for the medial, lateral, fascial, and frontal carinae, which are outlined in yellowish brown. Scape and pedicel dark brown, with light brown distal margins; most flagellomeres light brown except for the last four segments, which are dark brown (Fig. 57A). Clypeus, labrum, and palpi dark brown, with light brown outer margins (Fig. 57A). Fore femur and tibia light brown, with the upper half blurred dark brown; middle femur and tibia dark brown with light brown inner face (Figs. 57D, E); hind femur with upper half light grayish brown, lower half and much of the external dorsal area and knee dark brown; hind tibia dark brown, with base and apex slightly stained with yellowish brown (Fig. 56A); all tarsomeres light brown, with the distal section of the last tarsomere dark brown. Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a third of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes as wide as the width of an eye (Fig. 57A); medial carina moderately protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view, exceeding (the front and above) about a fifth of the length of the eyes (Fig. 57B); scutellum narrow, slightly widened; fascial carinae little divergent and parallel, protruding in lateral view and almost rounded; lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 57A). Antennae with 15 unmodified segments (Figs. 57A, C). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum little produced in the middle (Fig. 57C); prozonal carinae developed, pronotal apex pointed in dorsal and lateral view (Fig. 56B). Median carina subelevated; internal lateral carinae almost straight in dorsal view; external lateral carinae finely denticulated and curved (Fig. 56B); infrascapular area narrower in lateral view compared to  B. lutosa comb. nov. (Fig. 56A). Lower margin of lateral lobes triangular-shaped and sharp, projecting like a lateral spine; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 57C). Legs. Fore and mid femora rectangular, dorsal and ventral margins slightly wavy (Figs. 57D, E); hind femur with the antegenicular and genicular teeth well-developed (Fig. 56A); hind tibia armed with five small spines on each dorsal margin. Abdomen unmodified. Tenth tergite constricted; cerci conical tapering towards the distal section and diverge at sides (Fig. 57F). Ovipositor valves with normal development and covered with bristles (Fig. 57F). Subgenital plate rectangular and longer than wide, with posterior margin rounded and unmodified (Fig. 57G).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 9.0. PL: 7.5. PLB: 4.2. FF: 2.2. FL: 2.0. MFL: 2.5. MTL: 2.8. HL: 4.2. HW: 1.6. HTL: 5.0.</p><p>Comparison.  B. parisae sp. nov. differs from congeners in the lateral lobes of the pronotum with the lower margin in the form of a conspicuous spine projecting sideways (Fig. 57C). The closest species is  B. lutosa comb. nov., with a similar shape and development of the fastigium; these are the species with the shortest fastigium compared to the other known species (Fig. 55A). The hind femur of  B. paraensis sp. nov. and  B. cipolai sp. nov. have the ventral external area black, in contrast, the hind femur of  B. parisae sp. nov. has the upper half light grayish brown, the lower half, much of the external ventral area, and the knee dark brown (Fig. 56A).</p><p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Mercedes París in recognition and gratitude for her timely help in developing several of our contributions, opportunely sharing data and photographs of the entomological collection of MNCN, Madrid, Spain.</p><p>Genus  Morseidora Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Metrodora acuta Günther, 1939, here designated.</p><p>Description. Body moderately granulated and robust (Fig. 58). Head little exserted. In frontal view: vertex wider than twice the width of an eye; medial carinae well-produced, with posterior margin of the vertex also projects rectangularly, but in the middle of these, the medial carina protrudes; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum wide; fascial carinae mid-sized and concave, with ramification rounded; antennae situated lower than the ventral margin of the eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae (type without segments of the antennal flagellum), lateral ocelli between the inferior part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus near the ventral margin of the scutellum; palpi narrow, the apical segments moderately depressed. In lateral view: carinae of the vertex rounded and strongly produced, protruding between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle not convex in front, progressively upcurved; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae and almost straight, not sinuated; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface (Fig. 58A). Thorax. Pronotum moderately elongated, surpassing the tip of hind femora (Figs. 58A, B). Pronotal disc anteriorly slightly projected over the head, and posterior apex pointed; crest formed by the raised median carina, moderately flattened laterally, projecting to the apex of the pronotal disc (Fig. 58A). Angles of the lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangularly and acute apex; posterior margin of lateral lobe with an undulation on mid-length (Fig. 58C). Infra-scapular area wide and short, ending at the sixth or seventh abdominal segment level (Fig. 58B). Lateral area narrow and poorly developed, originating from the upper distal section of the infra-scapular area, and with a similar width from the base to the apex in lateral view (Fig. 58A). Pronotum apex curving slightly upwards in lateral view (Fig. 58B). Wings absent. Legs stout and slightly elongated. Fore and mid-femora compressed, dorsal and ventral margins wavy, forming small projections on ventral margin of fore-femur (Fig. 58B). Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth well-developed, genicular tooth triangular and with acute apex (Fig. 58A). Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length (Fig. 58C). Abdomen. Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical and reduced; penultimate sternite mid-sized, almost as long as subgenital plate, and nearly straight; subgenital plate triangular-shaped in ventral view, upcurved and apex rounded.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Species included.  Morseidora acuta (Günther, 1939),  comb. nov. only.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from Loja, Ecuadorian Andes (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Comparison.  Morseidora gen. nov. differs from the other genera of the subtribe by its peculiar pronotum, which has a crest formed by the elevated and moderately flattened median carina, projecting to the apex of the pronotal disc, which exceeds the apex of the abdomen and hind femora. Only some species of  Tylotettix stat. resurr. vaguely resemble the pronotum structure, but it does not elevate in the same way as in the new genus, and neither the anterior margin of the pronotum as hook-like projection over the head as it does in the new genus. The shape of the lateral lobe of the pronotum of  Morseidora gen. nov. is similar to  B. parisae sp. nov., projecting into a sharp spine, just like the black coloration of the ventral half of the hind femur.</p><p>Remarks. It is the only genus known from the continental area where the anterior pronotal edge projects moderately towards the front. It recalls a similar pronotal structure as that of the Antillean genus  Sierratettix Perez-Gelabert Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998 . It is the only  Metrodorina stat. nov. representatives that inhabit the highlands of the northern Andes.</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to the memory of the illustrious orthopterist Albert P. Morse, who extensively studied tetrigids from different world regions. The ending - dora, which comes from the genus  Metrodora, is added. The gender of the name is feminine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFF604439FDEC5C0FDEEFBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFFB04439FDEC735FB74FAF5.text	542B87FDFFFB04439FDEC735FB74FAF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Morseidora acuta (Gunther 1939) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Morseidora acuta (Günther, 1939),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 58)</p><p>Metrodora acuta 
Günther, 1939: 294 . Holotype: male, ECUADOR: Loja: Loja.  Depository: MZPW.</p><p>Remarks. Here, this species is transferred from  Metrodora to the genus  Morseidora gen. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFFB04439FDEC735FB74FAF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFFB04449FDEC62AFA5FFB89.text	542B87FDFFFB04449FDEC62AFA5FFB89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mucrotettigina Cadena-Castaneda & Silva 2019	<div><p>Subtribe  Mucrotettigina Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Silva, 2019, nom. resurr., stat. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Mucrotettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998 .</p><p>Emended description. Body small and robust (4–10 mm.) (Figs. 59, 62). Carinae of the vertex poorly (Figs. 59A, 59C, 60A) or well produced (Figs. 59B, 60B); lateral carinae of the vertex without pronounced horns or with them moderately developed. Antennae with 10–12 segments (only  Mucrotettix and †  Baeotettix with 14 segments). Scutellum generally wider than two or three times the width of the scape. Frontal coast branches usually curved or diverging, not straight. Pronotal disc with a constant width and only narrowing near the apex (Fig. 59). Hind margin of pronotum truncated in dorsal view, or if not entirely truncated, with a secondary extension like a spine, that arises in the middle of the apex of the pronotum. Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum moderately projected to the sides, with the apex rounded, without spines (except  Armasius). Median carina of the pronotum mostly arcuate, forming a crest with different degrees of development (Figs. 59, 60, 61, 62). Infrascapular area broad, extending towards the posterior margin of pronotum in lateral view. Tegminae and hindwings absent (only vestigial in †  Electrotettix). Fore and mid femora margins undulated, hind femur robust; lappets and antegenicular tooth developed in the hind legs; first article of posterior tarsi as long as the third.</p><p>Genera included.  Mucrotettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998,  Antillotettix Perez-Gelabert, 2003,  Armasius Perez-Gelabert &amp; Yong, 2014, †  Baeotettix Heads, 2009,  Bahorucotettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998,  Cubanotettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998,  Cubonotus Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998, †  Electrotettix Heads &amp; Thomas, 2014,  Haitianotettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998,  Hottettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998,  Sierratettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998,  Tiburonotus Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998, and  Truncotettix Perez-Gelabert, Hierro &amp; Otte, 1998 .</p><p>Distribution. Greater Antilles, Cuba, and Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic) (Map 5).</p><p>Remarks. Recently, Kasalo et al. (2023a) synonymized  Mucrotettigini Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Silva, 2019, arguing that the characters that diagnosed the tribe could not separate with the establishment of  Metrodorini . However, characters are provided here, allowing us to differentiate  Mucrotettigina, but now with the status of subtribe, allowing identification and differentiation from continental subtribes.</p><p>MAP 5. Distribution of  Metrodorini ( Mucrotettigina stat. nov.) species.</p><p>By transferring the genera from  Mucrotettigina stat. nov. to  Metrodorini (Metrodorinae), the subfamily  Cladonotinae is no longer the most diverse in the Antilles. The other species recorded by Perez-Gelabert et al. (1998) from Antillean specimens of the subfamilies  Tetriginae and  Batrachideinae should be reviewed again; they are probably morphologically similar species, yet to be described.</p><p>An updated key for the subtribe is presented below. Still, on this occasion, no redescription or nomenclatural changes are made to the genera and species, since the original descriptions are adequate. Additional data were provided in our contribution to the Antillean tetrigids in Silva et al. (2019a).</p><p>Key to genera of  Mucrotettigina (modified after Silva et al. 2019)</p><p>1. Tegmina and vestigial hind wings present........................................................ †  Electrotettix</p><p>- Tegmina and hind wings absent.......................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Lateral lobe of pronotum directed sidewards, flattened, and with spine....................................  Armasius</p><p>- Lateral lobe of pronotum directed downward and continuous with body.......................................... 3</p><p>3. Posterior margin of pronotum sharply pointed............................................................... 4</p><p>- Posterior margin of pronotum not sharply pointed............................................................ 5</p><p>4. Pronotum slightly tapering towards the posterior margin of pronotum, with an arrow-shaped apex (Fig. 59A)......................................................................................................  Cubanotettix</p><p>- Pronotum tapering towards the posterior margin of pronotum and abruptly sharpening up as a spine (Figs. 59B, C)....................................................................................................  Mucrotettix 5. Posterior margin of pronotum ‘U’ shaped (Fig. 60A)...................................................  Hottettix</p><p>- Posterior margin of pronotum not ‘U’ shaped............................................................... 6</p><p>6. Posterior margin of pronotum rounded.................................................................... 7</p><p>- Posterior margin of pronotum not rounded................................................................. 8</p><p>7. Posterior margin of pronotum serrated. Frontal costa rami bilobated with a small proximal lobe and a larger distal lobe forming prominent curved ridges between the antennal fossae. Antennae with 14 segments.......................... †  Baeotettix</p><p>- Posterior margin of pronotum not serrated. Frontal costa rami unilobated. Antennae with 12 segments.......  Bahorucotettix</p><p>8. Posterior part of pronotum tapering from the base toward the apex, without a truncated apex.......................... 9</p><p>- Posterior part of pronotum poorly tapering from the base toward the apex, with a truncated apex (Fig. 60B)......  Cubonotus</p><p>9. Posterior margin of pronotum slightly curving upward (Fig. 61A)......................................  Tiburonotus</p><p>- Posterior margin of pronotum not curving upwards.......................................................... 10</p><p>10. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly hook-like over the head (Fig. 61B).................................  Sierratettix</p><p>- Anterior margin of pronotum rounded.................................................................... 11</p><p>11. Pronotum covering the whole abdomen. Antennae with 12 segments (Figs. 61C, 62A)......................  Truncotettix</p><p>- Pronotum not covering the whole abdomen. Antennae with 10 segments......................................... 12</p><p>12. Body medium-sized (8.4–9.8 mm.). Hind femur with at least two denticles (lappets) in dorsal view (Fig. 62B).....................................................................................................  Haitianotettix</p><p>- Body size very small (4–7 mm.). Hind femur without denticles (lappets) in dorsal view.....................  Antillotettix</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFFB04449FDEC62AFA5FFB89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFFC04789FDEC7FDFE85F82A.text	542B87FDFFFC04789FDEC7FDFE85F82A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Miriatrina Cadena-Castaneda & Cardona-Granda 2015	<div><p>Subtribe  Miriatrina Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015, nom. resurr., stat. nov.</p><p>Emended description. Body medium-sized and slender (12–16 mm). Carinae of the vertex conspicuously produced (Figs. 63A, 67B, 71D, 74B), and distinguishable dorsally; lateral carinae of the vertex more or less pronounced as a plate (Figs. 64C, 67C, 70C, 73C); antenna with 14 or 15 segments. Scutellum moderately expanded, and almost narrow, delimited by the fascial carinae with its nearly straight branches (Figs. 63A, 67A, 71C, 74A). Eyes small compared to other tribe members, occupying a quarter or a fifth of the height of the cephalic capsule in lateral view (Figs. 64D, 67B, 68B, 71D). Pronotal disc with the anterior region widened and progressively thinned towards the apex, predominantly flat (Figs. 63B, 64C, 69B, 73C); median carinae sub-elevated, and some species with small undulations in the anterior region (Figs. 73A, B). Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum projected to the sides, with the apex triangular (Figs. 67C, 71B, 74C). Infrascapular area narrow and short. Wings well-developed (except  Rehniatra gen. nov. and  Grantiatra gen. nov.), reaching the apex of the pronotum or slightly exceeding it (Figs. 65A, 68A, 70A). Fore and middle femora margins undulated (Figs. 67D, 74D, 74E); hind femur slender; genicular and antegenicular teeth poorly or moderately developed; first article of posterior tarsi as long as the third (Figs. 65B, 68A).</p><p>Genera included.  Miriatra Bolívar, 1906,  Brazitettix Silva, 2024,  Rehniatra gen. nov., and  Grantiatra gen. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Andes of Colombia, Amazon (Colombia,  Peru and Brazil), and Guianese regions (Maps 1–3).</p><p>Remarks. Mariatrini included most taxa with prolonged vertex (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015). Then, Storozhenko (2016) synonymized  Miriatrini and established the tribe  Cleostratini, keeping a group similar to  Miriatrini, but including  Cleostratus Stål, 1877, and additional taxa described by the author. Silva et al. (2017) revalidated  Miriatrini by only retaining  Miriatra, and the other genera remained in  Cleostratini until further study was carried out. Recently, Kasalo et al. (2023a) synonymized  Miriatrini, arguing that the characters that diagnosed the tribe could not separate from the establishment of  Metrodorini . However, characters are provided here, allowing us to differentiate  Miriatrina stat. nov. as a group with subtribe status. A key to genera and species of  Miriatrina stat. nov. is provided below.</p><p>Key to genera and species of  Miriatrina</p><p>1. Tegmina and hind wings developed (Figs. 66A, 68A). Scutellum moderately expanded, with its branches almost straight (Figs. 67A, 68B, 70E). Antegenicular and genicular teeth developed (Fig. 69A). Apex of pronotum truncated or rounded. Subgenital plate of the male slender and subtriangular, with a pointed apex................................................. 2</p><p>- Tegmina and hind wings absent (Figs. 71A, 73B). Scutellum narrow, with its branches close together (Figs. 71C, 74A). Antegenicular and genicular teeth poorly developed (Figs. 71A, 73A). Apex of the pronotum ending in a point (Figs. 71B, 73C). Subgenital plate of the male conspicuous globose (Fig. 72B).............................................. 7</p><p>2. Anterior section of the vertex triangular, with the lateral margins serrated in dorsal view (Figs. 64C, 67C). Fore femur slender and rectangular in shape (Fig. 67D). Dorsal external area of hind femur without black pits/protuberances (Figs. 65B, 68A). (Genus  Miriatra)..................................................................................... 3</p><p>- Anterior section of the vertex rectangular and with smooth lateral edges (Figs. 70C, 70F). Fore femur moderately widened and ovoid (Figs. 70A). Dorsal external area of hind femur with black pits/protuberances (Fig. 70D). (Genus  Brazitettix)....... 6</p><p>3. Ocelli conspicuous. Transverse carina constricting midway and then expanding, together with the medial carina and frontal costa, ending in a trifurcated structure in frontal view (Fig. 63A).......................................  M. arawaka</p><p>- Ocelli of medium size. Medial carina exceeding the lateral horns or transverse carina, and the apex rounded, without a branching appearance (Figs. 64D, 67A)............................................................................ 4</p><p>4. Medial carinae 3 to 4 times longer than transverse carinae in dorsal and frontal views, finely serrulated margins (Fig. 64D). Tegmina sub-lanceolate 2.5 times longer than wide (Fig. 64B)........................................  M. boliviana</p><p>- Medial carinae 1.5 to 2 times longer than the transverse carinae in dorsal and frontal views, with margins smooth and without modification. Tegmina ovoid 1.5 times longer than wide...................................................... 5</p><p>5. Midline of the pronotum with noticeable undulations on the first anterior third of the pronotal disc (Figs. 65A, 67B)...............................................................................................  M. chalazombra</p><p>- Midline of the pronotum without undulations (Figs. 68A, 69A)........................................  M. producta</p><p>6. Anterior margin of the vertex rounded (Fig. 70C); fascial carenae, with an inverted “V” shape (Fig. 70B)......  B. roraimae</p><p>- Anterior margin of the vertex pointed (Fig. 70F); fascial carenae and frontal costa widely divergent, forming a scutellate frontal structure with a “U” shape, with the frontal costa converting into almost parallel structures (Fig. 70E)..........  B. paulista</p><p>7. Fastigium wider than the width of an eye in dorsal view (Fig. 71B). Pronotal disc flat, median carinae sub-elevated; humero-apical carina straight and conspicuous (Fig. 71A). Infra-scapular area shorth and narrow ending at the level of the second to third abdominal segments (Fig. 71A). Angles of the lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangular shaped (Figs. 71B, D). (Genus  Rehniatra gen. nov.)..............................................  R. brevifastigiata comb. nov.</p><p>- Fastigium narrower than the width of an eye in dorsal view (Fig. 73C, 74C). Median carina moderately elevated, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance (Fig. 73A); humero-apical carina curved and poorly differentiated. Infrascapular area widened, ending close to the abdomen apex (Fig. 73B). Angles of the lateral lobes noticeably expanded to sides and pointed (Fig. 74C). (Genus  Grantiatra gen. nov.)..................................................  G. douglasi sp. nov.</p><p>Genus  Miriatra Bolívar, 1906</p><p>Mitraria Bolívar, 1887: 253 (nomen preoccupied).</p><p>Miriatra Bolívar, 1906: 392.</p><p>Type species:  Mitraria producta Bolívar, 1887, by subsequent designation (Rehn, 1904).</p><p>Redescription. Body slightly granulated and slender (Figs. 64A, 65A, 68A). Head little exserted. In frontal view: vertex wider than 1.5 to 2 times the width of an eye; medial carinae of most species 1.5 to 2 times longer than the lateral ones (Figs. 63A, 67A) ( M. boliviana 3 to 4 times longer (Fig. 64D)); frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum moderately expanded, with its branches nearly straight (Figs. 63A, 67A, 68B); fascial carinae prominent; ramification of fascial carinae angled; antennae groves located lower than the ventral margin of the eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae (Figs. 63A, 64D, 67A), and with 14–15 segments; lateral ocelli placed between the inferior part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 63A, 67A). In lateral view: carinae of the vertex prominent and protruding forward between the eyes; face moderately oblique; fastigio-fascial angle little convex in front; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae, above and below slightly sinuate; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and almost straight ventral margin, not elevated higher than vertex (Figs. 65B, 67B).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum greatly surpassing the tip of hind femora; pronotal disc straight anteriorly and acuminated at apex; in most species, pronotal disc flat (Figs. 63B, 69B) (only  M. chalazombra with the mid carina with undulations on the first third of pronotum in lateral view (Fig. 66A)). Lateral carinae almost straight in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave; angles of the lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangular-shaped and obtuse; posterior margin of lateral lobe with a mid-undulation (Figs. 64C, 65C, 67C); infra-scapular area shorth and narrow, ending at the level of the first to second abdominal segments; lateral area poorly developed (Figs. 64B, 66A, 69A). Wings. Tegmina small and ovoid (Fig. 67E); hind wings well-developed (macropterous). Legs mostly slender. Fore and mid-femora dorsally and ventrally slightly compressed, with some undulations; fore and mid-tibiae sulcated above (Fig. 67D). Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth developed; genicular tooth triangular and with apex rounded (Fig. 64A, 65B, 68A). Hind tibiae toward the apices, not or barely ampliated; first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen. Last segments moderately constricted; cerci conical, and reduced; ovipositor valves with mid-sized serrations (Figs. 67F, 67G, 68D); subgenital plate divided at apex (Fig. 67H).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Species included.  Miriatra producta (Bolívar, 1887),  M. boliviana Günther, 1939,  M. chalazombra Günther, 1939, and  M. arawaka Rehn, 1939 .</p><p>Distribution. Amazon and Amazon foothills of  Peru, Brazil, and Guyana (Guyanese region) (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Remarks. When described, this genus originally included  M. producta and  M. phyllocera (Haan, 1843) (currently in  Rostella Hancock, 1913). In 1939, Günther described one new species. In the same year, Rehn added two other ones, resulting in four species now included within the genus. Silva et al. (2017) moved  Metopomystrum brevifastigiata Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015 into  Miriatra . However, below, this species is transferred to a new genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFFC04789FDEC7FDFE85F82A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFC5047D9FDEC5E0FAC8F816.text	542B87FDFFC5047D9FDEC5E0FAC8F816.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Miriatra boliviana Gunther 1939	<div><p>Miriatra boliviana Günther, 1939</p><p>(Fig. 64, Map 1)</p><p>Miriatra boliviana 
Günther, 1939: 269 . Lectotype, here designated. Female. BOLIVIA, La Paz: Mapiri. Depository: NMW.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described with two female syntypes from Bolivia, near the border with  Peru . Here, the female deposited in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NMW) is selected as the lectotype, and the other specimen deposited in Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde (MTKD) is designated as the paralectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFC5047D9FDEC5E0FAC8F816	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFCB04739FDEC3C0FEBDFD04.text	542B87FDFFCB04739FDEC3C0FEBDFD04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Miriatra chalazombra Gunther 1939	<div><p>Miriatra chalazombra Günther, 1939</p><p>(Figs. 65–67, Map 1)</p><p>Miriatra chalazombra 
Günther, 1939: 268 . Holotype. Female. BRAZIL, Pará. Depository:  Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology (MZPW).</p><p>Material examined.   Female. BRAZIL, Pará, Novo Progresso; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.373334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019444/lat -9.373334)">Serra do Cachimbo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.373334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019444/lat -9.373334)">Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Veloso</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.373334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019444/lat -9.373334)">Ponto</a> 2— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.019444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.373334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.019444/lat -9.373334)">Rio Formiga</a>, mata ciliar [riparian forest], 09°22’24”S, 55°01’10”W; [420 m; close to Mato Grosso State border]; 07-17.IX.2003; Pitfall (MPEG)  .</p><p>Remarks. The holotype specimen of this species was originally described from Pará, and the paratype from Santarém (the same state), Brazil. Between both female specimens, the most notable difference is that the holotype has more pronounced undulations on the median carina of the pronotum, compared with the paratype (Fig. 65). Here, an additional female from the southern part of Pará state near the border with Mato Grosso is recorded (Map 1), which matches the morphology of the species’ paratype, with lighter tones, possibly due to being preserved in alcohol for a long time (Figs. 66, 67).</p><p>Measurements (in mm). CFP: 13.8. PL: 11.9. PLB: 4.2. FF: 2.3. FL: 2.4. MFL: 2.3. MTL: 2.4. HL: 6.2. HW: 2.1. HTL: 5.1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFCB04739FDEC3C0FEBDFD04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFCB04749FDEC049FBF6FA3E.text	542B87FDFFCB04749FDEC049FBF6FA3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Miriatra producta (Bolivar 1887)	<div><p>Miriatra producta (Bolívar, 1887)</p><p>(Figs. 68, 69, Maps 1 and 2)</p><p>Mitraria producta  Bolívar, 1887: 253. Lectotype, here designated. Female.  Peru: Alto Amazonas. Depository: MNCN.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described apparently based on a female, although París (1994) records two female specimens, which were treated as syntypes. Here, we select as lectotype the specimen with code MNCN_Ent 373460, with type catalog number 79, which has locality data “alt. amaz (= Alto Amazonas), Stauding.[er]” (Fig. 68). The female with code MNCN_Ent 373461, with type catalog number 80, without locality data, and with an additional label “ Syntype?”, is selected as paralectotype (Fig. 69). Both specimens fit the original description and belong to the same species.</p><p>Genus  Brazitettix Silva, 2024</p><p>Brazitettix Silva, in Silva &amp; Pereira, 2024: 3.</p><p>Type species:  Brazitettix roraimae Silva, 2024, by original designation.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was recently described, and its original description is adequate, so there is no need to redescribe it here.  Brazitettix is similar  Miriatra in general appearance and both genera could easily confuse. However, with the characters given in the key for identifying  Miriatrina stat. nov. genera and species, both taxa are differentiated. The two currently known species are found at two extremes of Brazil, the northernmost in Roraima (Figs. 70A, B, C) and the southernmost in São Paulo (Figs. 70D, E, F) (Silva &amp; Pereira, 2024). In this large distributional gap, additional species or records must exist, including in the countries bordering these locations.</p><p>Species included.  Brazitettix roraimae Silva, 2024 and  B. paulista Silva, 2024 .</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Roraima, and São Paulo States (Maps 1 and 3).</p><p>Genus  Rehniatra Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Metopomystrum brevifastigiata Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015, here designated.</p><p>Description. Body slightly granulated and slender (Figs. 71A, B). Head little exserted. In frontal view: vertex almost as wide as the width of an eye; medial carina a little longer than the lateral ones; frontal costa bifurcation located at the middle of the eyes; scutellum narrow, with its branches straight; fascial carinae poorly elevated, ramification of fascial carinae narrow; antennal groves situated lower than the ventral margin of the eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae (Fig. 71C), antennae with 14 segments (Fig. 71D); lateral ocelli placed between the middle part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Fig. 71C). In lateral view: carinae of the vertex prominent and protruding forward between the eyes; face almost straight; fastigio-fascial angle little convex in front; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae and straight, above and below slightly sinuate; eyes subglobose, with rounded dorsal surface and almost straight ventral margin and slightly elevated higher than vertex (Fig. 71D). Thorax. Pronotum slightly surpassing the tip of hind femora; pronotal disc flat, straight anteriorly and acute at apex, median carinae sub-elevated (Fig. 71A). Lateral carinae almost straight in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave; angles of the lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangular-shaped; posterior margin of lateral lobe with a mid-undulation (Fig. 71B); infra-scapular area shorth and moderately wider, ending at the level of the second or third abdominal segments; lateral area poorly developed (Fig. 71A). Wings. Absent. Legs mostly slender. Fore and mid-femora dorsally and ventrally slightly compressed, with some undulations; fore and mid-tibiae sulcated above. Hind femora with ante-genicular tooth not developed (as a small tubercle); genicular tooth short, triangular, and with apex rounded. Distal portion of hind tibiae not or barely ampliated; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen. Last segments constricted; cerci conical and reduced; penultimate sternite mid-sized, almost as long as the subgenital plate, slightly rounded in lateral view; subgenital plate triangular-shaped in ventral view, upcurved and apex with a mid-conspicuous notch.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Species included.  Rehniatra brevifastigiata (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015),  comb. nov. only.</p><p>Distribution. Colombian Andes (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Comparison. This new genus resembles  Miriatra and  Brazitettix due to the pronotum being almost flat, with only the median carina moderately elevated. Likewise,  Rehniatra gen. nov. differs from  Miriatra and  Brazitettix because the scutellum is narrow, tegmina and hind wings are absent, with their branches close together, and the antegenicular and genicular teeth are poorly developed, which makes it similar to  Grantiatra gen. nov. In contrast,  Miriatra and  Brazitettix species are slenderer, with well-developed wings, and well-developed antegenicular and genicular teeth.</p><p>Remarks. The type species was originally described in  Metopomystrum (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda 2015) . However, Storozhenko (2016) moved it to his new genus  Apteromystrum Storozhenko, 2016 (type species  A. apterum).</p><p>Recently, Silva et al. (2017) transferred this species to the genus  Miriatra and mentioned that the holotype of this species is a nymph, arguing for the non-development of the antegenicular tooth. Still, upon reviewing the type specimen again, we confirmed that it is an adult, probably with neoteny in developing the antegenicular and genicular teeth. Field photographs of the holotype are provided in the Colombian Grasshopper Photographic Guide, Vol. 2 (Cardona-Granda, 2015) (Fig. 72A), and photos from iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/10050696) emphasizing the poor development of these teeth in adult specimens (Fig. 72B).</p><p>The morphological characteristics of  R. brevifastigiata comb. nov. suggest a relationship with  Miriatra, being a genus of the subtribe, outside the Guyano-Amazonian region. The differences between genera and species can be seen in the key for the subtribe, highlighted for  Rehniatra gen. nov. in the absence of wings, brachypronotal condition, poor development of the teeth of the hind femur, and a conspicuous subgenital plate with a notch at the apex (this character is superficially similar to  Metopomystrum).</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to the memory of the illustrious orthopterist James Abram Garfield Rehn, recognizing his significant contributions to orthopteroids worldwide. The ending - atra, which is derived from the genus  Miriatra, is added. The gender of the name is feminine.</p><p>Genus  Grantiatra Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Grantiatra douglasi Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov., here designated.</p><p>Description. Body slightly granulated and robust (Fig. 73). Head little exserted, elongated, taller than wide. In frontal view: vertex almost as wide as the width of an eye; medial carina longer than the lateral ones; frontal costa bifurcation located in the middle of the eyes; scutellum very narrow, with its branches straight; fascial carinae poorly elevated, ramification of fascial carinae narrow; antennae groves situated at level of the lower margin of the eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae; lateral ocelli reduced, poorly developed, placed between the middle part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus tiny, located close on the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Fig. 74A). In lateral view: carinae of the vertex prominent, and protrude forward between the eyes; face almost curved; fastigio-fascial angle slight convex in front; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae and straight, above and below slightly sinuate; eyes subtriangular shaped, with rounded dorsal surface and almost straight ventral margin and not elevated higher than vertex (Fig. 74B). Thorax. Pronotum as long as the tip of hind femora or surpassing; pronotal disc moderately projected forward anteriorly and acute at apex, pronotal disc almost tectiform; median carinae moderately elevated (Figs. 73A, B). Lateral carinae almost curved in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave; humero-apical carina curved and poorly differentiated; Infrascapular area widened, ending close to abdomen apex (Fig. 73B). Angles of the lateral lobes noticeably expanded to sides, more so than in other known genera, triangular shaped and pointed (Fig. 73C, 74C). Wings. Absent. Legs mostly slender. Fore and mid-femora slightly compressed, dorsally and ventrally, with some undulations (Figs. 74D, E); fore and mid-tibiae sulcate above. Hind femora robust with ante-genicular and genicular teeth moderately developed, triangular, and with apex rounded. Hind tibiae toward the apices not or barely ampliated; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length (Fig. 73A). Abdomen. Last segments constricted (Fig. 74F); cerci conical and reduced; penultimate sternite mid-sized, longer than the subgenital plate, little rounded in lateral view (Fig. 74F); subgenital plate triangular-shaped in ventral view, upcurved, and apex with a small mid notch (Fig. 74G).</p><p>Female. As the male, only differing for the ambisexual characters.</p><p>Species included. The type species only.</p><p>Distribution. Colombian Amazon (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Comparison.  Grantiatra gen. nov. resembles  Rehniatra gen. nov. in lacking well-developed wings, having a narrow scutellum, and poorly developed antegenicular and genicular teeth.  Grantiatra gen. nov. differs from the other taxa of the subtribe because the median carina is elevated, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance, in contrast to the other genera with the almost flat pronotal disc. Another characteristic that distinguishes the new genus is the angles of the lateral lobes, which are noticeably expanded to the sides and pointed; this superficially occurs in some species of  Miriatra, but in the new genus, it is more notably expanded.</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to the memory of the illustrious orthopterist Harold Johnson Grant Jr., in recognition of his significant contributions to orthopterans worldwide. The ending - atra, which is derived from the genus  Miriatra, is added. The gender of the name is being established as feminine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFCB04749FDEC049FBF6FA3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFCC04699FDEC565FDEBFE57.text	542B87FDFFCC04699FDEC565FDEBFE57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grantiatra douglasi Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Grantiatra douglasi Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 73–76, Maps 1 and 2)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male. COLOMBIA,  Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, 70 m, G. Morales leg. (CAUD).</p><p>Paratypes. 3 Females with the same data as holotype (CAUD) .</p><p>Description. Male. Small-size (7.8 mm) and robust (Fig. 73). Coloration predominantly brown, with some brown, gray, and black spots. Head dark brown; medial and fascial carinae outlined in dark yellowish brown; labrum dark brown, clypeus dark yellowish brown, and similarly, the palpi, outlined in blackish brown (Figs. 74A, B). Fore and mid femur brown, slightly outlined with grayish brown; tibiae without alternating spots, completely brown (Figs. 74D, E); hind femur brown, with the dorsal magin and ventro-external carina alternating with brown, black, and yellow spots; ventral external area dark brown; all tarsomeres light brown with the distal margin of the last tarsomere dark brown (Fig. 73A). Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a third of the cephalic capsule (Fig. 74A); space between the eyes less than one times the width of one of the eyes (Fig. 74C); medial carina protruding in the middle of the eyes in lateral view and curved forward and downward, transversal carinae produced and visible in lateral view in the middle of the eyes, not exceeding the median length of the medial carina (Fig. 74B); scutellum very narrow; fascial carinae straight and parallel, protruding in lateral view and almost straight; lateral ocelli small, located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 74A). Antennae incomplete. Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum moderately produced anteriorly over the head (Fig. 74B); prozonal carinae developed, and pronotal apex acute in dorsal and lateral views (Figs. 73B, C). Median carina moderately elevated, giving the pronotum a tectiform appearance in lateral view (Fig. 73A); internal lateral carinae curved in lateral view; external lateral carinae finely denticulated and curved; infrascapular area widened; lateral lobes noticeably expanded (Fig. 73B); lower margin of lateral lobes triangular-shaped, and pointed; posterior margin of lateral lobe straight (Fig. 74C). Legs. Fore femur moderately widened, dorsal margin curved, ventral margin almost straight, with a distal constriction (Fig. 74D); mid-femur rectangular, dorsal margin curved, ventral margin slightly wavy (Fig. 74E); hind femur with the antegenicular and genicular teeth moderately developed (Fig. 73A); hind tibia armed with four or five small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 73C). Abdomen unmodified. Terminalia covered mainly by the apex of the pronotum (Fig. 74F). Cerci conical, tapering towards the apex; penultimate sternite long-sized, 2.5 times longer than subgenital plate, slightly upcurved (Fig. 74F); subgenital plate short, triangular, upcurved, and apex with a mid-notch (Fig. 74G).</p><p>Female. Similar in shape and size to the male (Fig. 75), differing in ambisexual characters: Last tergite dorsally divided, connecting with the epiproct; the division consists of four plates, the first is ovoid and divides the last tergite, then two lateral hexagonal plates, and finally a triangular one (Fig. 75C). Cerci robust, divergent, with a thin apex covered by conspicuous hairs. Valves of the ovipositor thin, with serrated edges, and covered with hairs (Fig. 75D). Subgenital plate rectangular, longer than wide, with a medial triangular extension on the posterior edge (fig. 75E).</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male/females: CFP: 7.8 / 8.0–8.5. PL: 6.5 / 7.5–8.0. PLB: 5.3 / 5.5–5.8. FF: 1.8 / 2.0–2.2. FL: 1.6 / 1.8–2.0. MFL: 2.2 / 2.2–2.5. MTL: 2.3 / 2.4–2.5. HL: 4.5 / 4.5–4.8. HW: 1.8 / 1.8–2.0. HL: 4.2 / 4.0–4.5.</p><p>Remarks. This species is the most robust and differentiated of all known so far in  Miriatrina . So far, only specimens from PNN Amacayacu have been studied (Maps 1 and 2). However, on iNaturalist, there is a record of what appears to be a male on the Colombian-Brazilian border (Fig. 76), equidistantly located between Leticia (Colombia) and Tabatinga (Brazil), in São Sebastião do Uatumã (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/76679059).</p><p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Robert Douglas in recognition and gratitude for his timely help in developing several of our contributions, opportunely sharing data and photographs of the entomological collection of UMO, Oxford, United Kingdom.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFCC04699FDEC565FDEBFE57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFD1046C9FDEC28DFA5FFBB6.text	542B87FDFFD1046C9FDEC28DFA5FFBB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metopomystrini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Tribe  Metopomystrini Cadena-Castañeda,  trib. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Metopomystrum Günther, 1939 .</p><p>Description. Body slender and small (8–11 mm.) (Figs. 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84). Head exserted above pronotum; vertex expanded as a whole; medial carina of the vertex very weak, almost absent, not projecting forwards and not compressed; lateral carinae of the vertex continuous, not elevated. Anterior margin of the vertex rounded (Figs. 77B, 78B, 80C) or acute (Figs. 83B, 84B), fastigium of the vertex projects forward and forms a long horn (Figs. 77D, 80B), and the dorsum of the horn a deep depression formed of joined fossulae (Figs. 80C, 83B, 84B). Antennal groves located lower than the ventral margin of the eyes, with 15 segments. Scutellum very narrow; frontal costa long, with bifurcation above the lateral ocelli, between the eyes (Figs. 77C, 80A, 83C). Eyes conspicuous, round (almost as long as wide), or ovoid (almost twice as long as wide), occupying a third or nearly half of the cephalic capsule in lateral view. Lateral ocelli placed between the middle part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened and first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 77C, 80A, 83C). Thorax. Pronotum slender; pronotal disc flat, dorsum of pronotum between the carinae smooth, median carina continuous from the anterior margin to the posterior apex, anterior margin straight and apex truncated or acute (Figs. 77A, 78A, 79A, 81); lateral lobes of pronotum subtriangular, lower margin slightly projecting to the sides, directed slightly sidewards, with rounded apex (Figs. 77B, 78B, 80C, 81B, 81D); humeral angle wide, obliquely concave; infrascapular area narrow and short in macropteran species, in apterous species wider and reaching near the apex of the pronotum in lateral view; lateral area arising on the dorsal undulation of the infrascapular area, with similar width and reaching the apex in lateral view (Figs. 77A, 78A, 79A, 81A, 81C). Wings present or absent; if present, tegmina ovoid and hind wings reaching the pronotum apex (Fig. 80F). Legs. Fore and mid femora moderately compressed, straight or slightly undulated; mid femur carinated above (Figs. 80D, 80E); hind femur with black lower half, genicular and antegenicular teeth poorly or moderately developed (Fig. 83D); first article of posterior tarsi as long as the third. Abdomen. Male: Eighth to tenth tergite moderately constricted dorsally, cerci conical and reduced (Fig. 80G); penultimate sternite mid-sized, almost as long as subgenital plate, little rounded in lateral view (Fig. 80G); subgenital plate triangular-shaped in ventral view, upcurved and apex with a mid-conspicuous triangular notch (Fig. 80H). Female: epiproct lanceolate and pointed, with a medial groove only in the apical portion. Subgenital plate quadrangular or triangular with a small spine in the middle of the distal margin. Ovipositor with the upper valve wider than the lower valve, armed with medium-sized teeth.</p><p>Genera included.  Metopomystrum Günther, 1939 only.</p><p>Distribution. Widely in the inter-Andean valleys of Colombia (most macropterous species), Amazonia, and Mata Atlantica (wingless species). There is a large distributional gap between these regions (Maps 1 and 2).</p><p>Remarks. This new monogeneric tribe includes  Metopomystrum, a peculiar genus that differs from the other taxa of Neotropical  Metrodorinae due to its unique characteristics. It could be confused with the  Metrodorini because, in lateral view, the medial carina protrudes beyond the eyes in several genera, with lateral carinae forming more or less pronounced horns in frontal view. But  Metopomystrini trib. nov. has the vertex as a whole expanded; the medial carina of the vertex is almost absent, suggesting an extension of the vertex in a state and configuration different from the  Metrodorini . Additionally, in  Metopomystrini trib. nov., the lateral lobes of the pronotum are slightly expanded towards the sides and rounded, and the scutellum is very narrow and not very pronounced in lateral view; the opposite occurs in  Metrodorini .</p><p>Genus  Metopomystrum Günther, 1939</p><p>Type species:  Metopomystrum pehlkei Günther, 1939, by original designation.</p><p>Remarks.  Metopomystrum was described with two species,  M. pehlkei Günther, 1939 (from Colombia) and  M. apterum Günther, 1939 (from Brazil), and it remained that way for more than 70 years. Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda (2015) added three additional species,  M. amazoniense Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015,  M. lilianae Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015 and  M. brevifastigiata (this last species now located in the new genus  Rehniatra gen. nov.). Recently, an additional species was included,  M. muricense Silva &amp; Skejo, 2017, from Brazil (Silva et al., 2017). Here, we describe a new species from the Colombian Andes. However, between each locality of each species, there are large distributional gaps, which will most likely reveal additional species or genera. A key to species is provided below.</p><p>Key to species of  Metopomystrum (modified from Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015 and Silva et al., 2017)</p><p>1. Apex of the horn rounded in dorsal view (Figs. 77B, 78B, 80C); in frontal view, the horn projects above the eyes for more than one-half of a compound eye height (Fig. 77C). Tegmina and wings visible and surpassing the abdominal apex (Figs. 77A, 78A, 79A)............................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Apex of the horn acute in dorsal view (Figs. 83B, 84B); in frontal view, projecting above the eyes for less than one-half of a compound eye height (Fig. 83C). Tegmina and wings not visible (Figs. 83A, 84A).................................. 4</p><p>2. Fastigium curves upwards strongly at about 45º in relation to the vertex (Fig. 77A). Costal margin to medial margin of tegmina yellowish; dorsal margin of pronotum yellow (Fig. 77D)..............................................  M. lilianae</p><p>- Fastigium curves upwards at about 30° in relation to the vertex and then straight forward (Fig. 80B). Tegmina and dorsal margin of pronotum unicolor (Figs. 78A, 80F).................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Tegmina ovoid, costal and anal margins progressively curving towards the apex (Fig. 78A). Hind leg without whitish stripes (Fig. 78C)...................................................................................  M. pehlkei</p><p>- Tegmina lanceolate, anal margin tapering straight towards the apex, costal margin rounded, and as they converge, apex narrow and rounded (Fig. 80F). Hind leg with a whitish stripe on the upper half of the hind femur (Fig. 79)......  M. ankeri sp. nov.</p><p>4. Horn directed upwards, elevated in relation to pronotal disc for about one third of a compound eye height (Fig. 83B); in lateral view, horn wide and with rounded apex (Fig. 83A). Eyes in lateral view subtriangular. Lateral lobes of the pronotum unicolor (Fig. 83A)...............................................................................  M. amazoniense</p><p>- Horn directed almost completely forward, only slightly elevated above the compound eye; in lateral view, horn thin and with triangular apex. Eyes in lateral view rounded. Lower half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum cream-colored............. 5</p><p>5. Horn directed forwards, slightly downwards in its apex (Fig. 84A), and the vertex wider and more rounded in dorsal and lateral views (Fig. 84B).............................................................................  M. apterum</p><p>- Horn directed forwards, slightly upwards, vertex narrow and acute in dorsal and lateral view...............  M. muriciense</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFD1046C9FDEC28DFA5FFBB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFD404619FDEC7ECFE01F98F.text	542B87FDFFD404619FDEC7ECFE01F98F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metopomystrum ankeri Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Metopomystrum ankeri Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 79–82, Maps 1 and 2)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male. COLOMBIA, Caldas Department,  Florencia, montane rainforest, 9.VIII.2019, A. Anker &amp; F.A. García Oviedo leg. (CAUD)  .  Paratypes. 1 Female. COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Alejandría. J. Cardona-Granda leg. 1 Female. COLOMBIA, Antioquia, San Luis, in forest. G. Morales leg. (CAUD) .   1 Female. COLOMBIA, Antioquia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.165504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.030139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.165504/lat 6.030139)">Cocorná</a>, Vda. El Choco. FCA. ACA, 6°01'48.5"N 75°09'55.8"W. 1300 m. 10-Jul-2012. C. Niño. (UNAB)  .</p><p>Description. Male. Medium-size (11 mm) and slender (Fig. 79). Coloration. Dark brown with spots and stripes in light brown, ocher, and white (Fig. 79A). Frontal view of the head brown, with whitish and ocher sections (Fig. 80A), and white spots also present throughout the body (Figs. 79B, 80B); dorsally, head light brown; eyes chocolate brown (Fig. 80C); from the eyes, a post-ocular stripe extends laterally; antennae with the scape and pedicel ocher, segments 3 to 8 dark brownish with ocher-lined distal edges, segments 11 and 14 ocher at the basal half and dark at the distal half, while segments 12 and 13 the opposite (Fig. 80B); clypeus light brown in the upper half with two dark brown spots at the center of the upper margin, and the lower half grayish; labrum dark brown with two large white spots on the upper half and, within each spot, a smaller brown spot adjoining the upper margin; palpi white with diffuse brown spots (Fig. 80A). Pronotal disc brown with alternating diffuse black stripes; lateral lobes dark brownish black in the upper half and white in the lower half (Figs. 79B, 80C). Foreleg ocher with dark stripes (Fig. 80D); mid femur brown, mid tibia with alternating rings of ocher and brown (Fig. 80E); hind femur dark brown in the lower half and grayish brown in the upper half, with a white stripe descending perpendicularly from the upper margin at the midpoint of the femur length to the boundary between the lower and upper halves, then projecting parallelly to the genicular region (Fig. 79A); hind tibia dark brown, with a small whitish stripe near the base, tarsomeres alternating between brown and white or ocher sections (Fig. 79B). Tegmina and hindwings black with venation softly outlined in white (Fig. 80F). Abdomen black covered with abundant tiny white spots. Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a third of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes 0.8 times the width of an eye; scutellum narrow, not widened (Fig. 80A); fascial carinae parallel, poorly protruding in lateral view and nearly straight (Fig. 80B); lateral ocelli located near the fork of the frontal costa (Fig. 80A). Antennal grooves situated at the level of the lower margins of the eyes; antennae with 14 segments. Fastigium of the vertex projecting forwards and forming a conical “horn” longer than the maximum length of an eye in lateral view (Fig. 80B), dorsum of the “horn” ovoid and with a shallow depression, apex rounded (Fig. 80C). Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight; prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 80C), pronotal apex thin and truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 79B). Median carina present but poorly subelevated; internal lateral carinae straight in lateral view; external lateral carinae finely denticulated and convergent (Fig. 79B); infrascapular area thin and short, extending to level of first abdominal tergite (Fig. 79A); lower margin of lateral lobes ovoid-shaped, and rounded; posterior margin of lateral lobe almost straight (Fig. 80C). Wings. Tegmina lanceolate, with the anal margin tapering straight towards the apex, costal margin rounded and, as they converge, apex narrow and rounded (Fig. 80F); hindwings exceeding the length of the abdomen and reaching the apex of the pronotum (Fig. 79). Legs. Fore and mid femora rectangular-shaped, dorsal and ventral margin little undulated, almost straight (Figs. 80D, E); fore and mid tibiae slender and armed with small spines on distal half of the ventral margin; hind femur slender with the antegenicular and genicular teeth developed (Fig. 79A); hind tibia armed dorsally with five inner and six outer small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 79B). Abdomen unmodified. Tenth tergite divided dorsally, which connects to the epiproct; cerci conical, tapering towards the apex and moderately diverging towards the sides (Fig. 80G); epiproct triangular and longer than wide. Penultimate sternite quadrangular, as long as the subgenital plate and little upcurved (Fig. 80G); subgenital plate short, triangular, and apex with a U-shaped mid-notch (Fig. 80H).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male, differing in ambisexual characters and with some coloration variations (Fig. 81): epiproct lanceolate with a rounded apex; valves of the ovipositor moderately thickened, covered with bristles; subgenital plate quadrangular, almost as wide as long, with a small medial extension on the posterior edge.</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male / females. CFP: 11 / 12–17. PL: 8.9 / 11–15. PLB: 2.5 / 3.0–3.5. FF: 1.6 / 2.0–2.5. FL: 1.7 / 1.8–2.4. MFL: 1.9 / 2.1–2.6. MTL: 1.7 / 2.0–2.5. HL: 4.7 / 5.5–5.9. HW: 1.4 / 1.5–2.0. HTL: 4.0 / 5.0–5.4.</p><p>Comparison. The new species differs from  M. amazoniense,  M. apterum, and  M. muriciense because these species do not have well-developed wings, and the pronotum does not surpass the apex of the hind femur. Among the species with wings and a prolonged pronotum,  M. ankeri sp. nov. is similar to  M. pehlkei; both species have the tegmina and dorsal margin of the pronotum unicolor, distinguishing them from  M. lilianae .  M. ankeri sp. nov. and  M. pehlkei differ in the shape of the tegmina, which is lanceolate in the new species vs. ovoid, and the pronotum of  M. pehlkei is more elongated than in the new species. Additionally,  M. ankeri sp. nov. has a whitish stripe on the upper half of the hind femur (Fig. 82), which is absent in  M. pehlkei .</p><p>Remarks. Two paratype females show variation in their measurements and coloration. The female from Alexandria (Figs. 81A, B) has a coloration pattern more similar to the holotype male, and the pronotum’s apex moderately surpasses the hind femur’s apex. In contrast, the female from San Luis (Figs. 81C, D) is larger, and her coloration tends to be reddish-brown, with the pronotum’s apex widely surpassing the hind femur’s apex. Both females have the characteristic whitish stripe of the hind femur.</p><p>Etymology. We dedicate this species to the biologist, wildlife photographer, and dear friend Dr. Arthur Anker, who collected this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFD404619FDEC7ECFE01F98F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFFD904649FDEC5F5FD2EF94F.text	542B87FDFFD904649FDEC5F5FD2EF94F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garciaitettigini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Tribe  Garciaitettigini Cadena-Castañeda,  trib. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Garciaitettix n. gen., here designated.</p><p>Description. Body small to medium size and slender (6–12 mm.) (Figs. 86A, 93). Head exserted above pronotum; the upper margin of the vertex lower than the level of the upper margin of the compound eyes (Figs. 88A, 89A, 91A, 92A, 93A). In frontal view, face rectangular, noticeably taller than wide; fastigium concave; medial carinae of the vertex slightly elevated or not; lateral carinae surrounding the inner margin of the eyes and extending into a horn on each side, which exceeds the elevation of the medial carina; vertex approximately 1 to 1.5 times wider than the eye (Figs. 87C, 89C, 90C, 92D, 94B). In lateral view, medial carina not protruding beyond the eyes (Figs. 89A, 90A, 91A, 92B) (only moderately in  Stalitettix gen. nov. (Fig. 93A)). Anterior margin of the vertex concave, fastigium of the vertex not forming a longhorn, and dorsum without fossulae. Antennae groves located lower than the lower margin of the eyes, about half the height of the rostrum and scutellum; antennae mid-sized with 10–15 segments. Scutellum narrow or moderately widened, not exceeding the width of the scape; frontal costa mid-sized, and bifurcation generally at the level of the lower margin of the eyes (Figs. 87C, 89C, 91C, 92D). Eyes rounded in frontal and lateral views, medium to small in size, protruding from the upper section of the head, occupying a quarter or a fifth of the cephalic capsule (Figs. 86A, 89A, 91A, 92A). Lateral ocelli placed between the middle part or between the inferior part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 87C, 89C, 91C, 92D). Thorax. Pronotum generally slender, reaching or exceeding the tip of the abdomen (Figs. 87A, 92B, 93) (except  Garciaitettix gen. nov. (Fig. 96)). Pronotal disc with a straight anterior margin and a pointed posterior margin, dorsally almost flat (Figs. 85C, 88B, 92C, 94A); median carina with moderate or conspicuous undulations, distributed mainly in the anterior half of the pronotum (Figs. 85A, 86A, 91A). Lateral lobes of pronotum rectangular in lateral view, lower margin well projected to the sides, directed slightly sidewards, with rounded or acute apex (Figs. 85C, 87B, 88B, 92C, 94A); humeral angle wide, obliquely concave; infrascapular area thin, and projecting over half the length of the abdomen, over the third or fourth segment (Figs. 86A, 92B, 93A, 95A) (widened only in  Garciaitettix gen. nov. (Fig. 96A)); lateral area narrow or poorly developed, arising over the dorsal undulation of the infrascapular area. Wings. Most species winged, with lanceolate tegmina and hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum or surpassing it (Figs. 85A, 87A, 92A). Legs. Fore and mid-femora compressed, elongated, and thin, with undulations on the dorsal and ventral margins, forming small extensions or not. Mid femur carinated above. Hind femur variying in some taxa, usually with smooth dorsal and ventral margins, but tubercles and lappets on the external face of the femur may occur; genicular and antegenicular teeth moderately or well-developed (noticeably developed in  Trigonofemora (Figs. 90B, 91A)). Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen. Male: eighth and ninth segments moderately constricted, compared to other Neotropical tribes of the subfamily. Subgenital plate cupuliform, as long as or longer than the last abdominal sternite; apex of the subgenital plate rounded (rarely with a small incision). Cerci conical and reduced. Female: Epiproct triangular or oblong, with or without medial groove. Subgenital plate mainly rectangular, with a small extension or notch at the apex. Ovipositor valves narrow, both the lower and upper ones with similar thickness; inferior valve not conspicuously covered by the lateral edges of the subgenital plate; valves armed with teeth of medium or small size.</p><p>MAP 6. Distribution of  Garciaitettigini trib. nov. species.</p><p>Genera included.  Chiriquia Morse, 1900,  Trigonofemora Hancock, 1906,  Devrieseium gen. nov.,  Stalitettix gen. nov., and  Garciaitettix gen. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Mainly in South America, with  Chiriquia serrata Morse, 1900, found between Panama and Nicaragua (Maps 4 and 6).</p><p>Remarks. This new tribe is proposed once it does not fit the diagnostic characters of  Metrodorini and  Otumbini trib. nov. The known genera are monotypic, except  Chiriquia .According to observations in iNaturalist, most species of this new tribe are camouflaged among bryophytes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFFD904649FDEC5F5FD2EF94F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF2804919FDEC3C0FD5FFC17.text	542B87FDFF2804919FDEC3C0FD5FFC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Devrieseium concinnum (Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Devrieseium concinnum (Bolívar, 1887), comb. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 92)</p><p>Metrodora concinna: Bolívar, 1887: 249.</p><p>Chiriquia concinna: Hancock, 1907: 39.</p><p>Otumba concinna: Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015: 479.</p><p>Material examined.   Neotype. The neotype hereby designated contains the following data: “ Coll. Br. v. W. Ob. Mayali u. Urubamba,  Peru, Staudinger ” identified as  Chiriquia concinna by K. Günther; deposited in NHMW.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described as  Metrodora concinna based on a male from Paramaribo, Suriname, deposited in the collection of NHMW Vienna, Austria (Bolívar, 1887). Then, Hancock (1907) placed this species in  Chiriquia, a classification maintained in entomological literature until Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda (2015) moved it into  Otumba . Following this combination, Itrac-Bruneau &amp; Doucet (2022), in their study of  Tetrigidae from Guyana, recorded a probable presence of this species in that country.  D. concinnum comb. nov. has a wide distribution, being reported in many localities in Suriname (type locality), in  Peru without mentioning additional specimens to the type specimen (Hancock, 1907), in Brazil, Pará, in a locality also named Pará (Rehn, 1916), this locality refers to the current city of Belém (Levi, 1964), in Taperihna, Pará, Brazil (we were not able to determine this locality precisely) and Bucay, Ecuador (Günther, 1939), Esmeraldas, San Lorenzo, Ecuador (Buzzetti &amp; Devriese, 2007). Although several specimens have been recorded since its description, the type specimen is lost.</p><p>A neotype specimen is designated as the name-bearer of the species (Fig. 92). It is supported by the following reasons (ICZN 1999 Art.75): 1. The location of the only type specimen is Paramaribo, Surinam. It was deposited in NHMW, but Paris (1994) mentions that the type specimen is lost (she visited that collection but did not find the type specimen). The holotype male specimen could not be traced from its original description (Arts. 75.3.1., 75.3.4.), but K. Günther (1939), studied several specimens, among them, the male here selected as a neotype. Günther was an academic authority on the study of tetrigids, so his identification is reliable, as it fits the original description of the species. 2. Not having specimens from the type locality, a male from a nearby and available locality of similar geological characteristics was designated (Arts. 75.3.5, 75.3.6; recommendation 75A ICZN). 3. A detailed description is written of the neotype that is in agreement with the general idea of the identity of this species, differentiating itself from other taxa, ensuring the recognition of the designated specimen, and conveying a consensus in identifications and wide distribution that characterizes the species, ensuring that most identifications from the past are correct (Arts. 75.3.2, 75.3.3, 75.3.5; recommendation 75B). 4. The neotype is deposited in NHMW, a collection of a recognized scientific institution, which maintains adequate facilities to preserve the types and makes them accessible for study (Art. 75.3.7).</p><p>Genus  Stalitettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species: Tettix  spinifrons Stål, 1861, here designated.</p><p>Description. Slender and elongated body, moderately granulate (Fig. 93). Head slightly compresso-elevated (Fig. 93). In frontal view, vertex almost as wide as 1.5 times the width of an eye, anteriorly concave; medial carinae short and moderately elevated; frontal costa bifurcation at the middle of the eyes; lateral carinae surrounding the upper inner margin of the eyes, and protruding gently upwards from the eyes, like two small horns; scutellum moderately widened; fascial carinae moderately elevated, with ramification of fascial carinae divergent, especially on the lower section; antennae groves much lower than the ventral margin of eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae, almost at middle of the frons; antennae with 14 segments; lateral ocelli between the lower margin of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close on the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments yellowish and flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 94B, 95C). In lateral view, face subvertical; carinae of the vertex little produce between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle little convex; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae and rounded, above and below slightly sinuate; eyes rounded, with a rounded dorsal surface, straight ventral margin and slightly elevated than vertex (Figs. 93A, 95A). Thorax. Pronotum elongated, surpassing the tip of abdomen and hind femora (Figs. 93, 95A); pronotal disc almost straight anteriorly and acute apically; pronotal disc granulated, with post humeral spots (Figs. 94A, 95B); median carina with an undulation in the anterior section of the pronotum (Fig. 95A). Lateral carinae undulated in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave; lower margin of lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, with apex pointed; posterior margin of lateral lobe with a mid-undulation (Figs. 94A, 95B); infra-scapular area mid-sized and moderately wider, ending at the level of the first to second abdominal segments; lateral area extending to the apex of the pronotum and as wide as the infrascapular area is in lateral view (Figs. 93, 95A). Wings. Tegmina narrow and lanceolate, black in color, and with yellowish venation (Fig. 93). Hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum (Fig. 95A). Legs slender. Fore and mid-femora dorsally and ventrally undulated; fore and mid-tibiae sulcated above. Hind femora with a lappet in the middle of the external surface (Fig. 95B); antegenicular and genicular teeth poorly developed. First and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Species included.  Stalitettix spinifrons (Stål, 1861),  comb. nov. only.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Amazon (between Pará and Rodônia states), and Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest, between Rio do Janeiro and Bahia States) (Map 6).</p><p>Comparison.  Stalitettix gen. nov. differs from the other genera of the tribe by the medial carina of the vertex protruding slightly in the middle of the eyes, and the tegmina being narrow and lanceolate. This new genus resembles  Devrieseium gen. nov. because both with the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum acute and the external surface of the hind femur without tubercles or lappets, distinguishing them from  Trigonofemora, with conspicuously developed genicular and antegenicular teeth. Lappets are present in both  Garciaitettix gen. nov. and  Trigonofemora, and moderately developed in  Chiriquia .</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to the memory of the naturalist Carl Stål in recognition of his significant contributions to orthopteroids and other insects. The ending - tettix, common in the genera of pygmy grasshoppers, is added. The gender of the name is femenine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF2804919FDEC3C0FD5FFC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF29048A9FDEC74DFE2DFF27.text	542B87FDFF29048A9FDEC74DFE2DFF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stalitettix spinifrons (Stal 1861) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Stalitettix spinifrons (Stål, 1861),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 93–95)</p><p>Tettix  spinifrons Stål, 1861: 346 .</p><p>Metrodora spinifrons: Bolívar, 1887: 249.</p><p>Otumba spinifrons: Hancock, 1907: 45.</p><p>Remarks. This species has a wide distribution in Brazil and was originally described as Tettix  spinifrons . Bolívar (1887) moved it to  Metrodora and Hancock (1907) to  Otumba, remaining so until now when it is being moved within this new genus.</p><p>Genus  Garciaitettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Garciaitettix mirabilis Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov., here designated.</p><p>Description. Body robust and granulated (Fig. 96). Head exserted above pronotum (Fig. 96A). In frontal view: vertex almost as twice the width of an eye; medial carina short and not elevated; frontal costa bifurcation near the top of the vertex, between the compound eyes; scutellum slightly narrow; fascial carinae slightly elevated, with branches parallel and slightly separated; lower margin of the antennal grooves between of the lower margin of the compound eyes; antennae with 10 segments, moderately expanded from the fifth antennal segment to the apex (Figs. 97B, C); lateral ocelli ovoid, placed at level of the lower part of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus rounded and close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with all segments flattened and last two longer and rounded (Fig. 97A). In lateral view, fascial outline rounded; carinae of the vertex not produced between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle little convex in front; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae and rounded, above and below slightly sinuate; eyes globose and exerted at level of pronotal shoulder (Fig. 97B). Thorax. Pronotum short, not surpassing the tip of hind femora (Fig. 96A); anterior margin straight, not produced and pointed at apex (Fig. 96B); pronotal disc tuberculated and with post humeral spots; median carinae undulated and conspicuous (Fig. 96B), anterior section of the pronotal disc with the most conspicuous hump-like undulation, followed by a lower and longer undulation (Figs. 96A, 97B). Lateral carinae undulated in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles concave and narrow; lateral shoulder carina rounded; lateral lobe flattened, sub-triangulated, and pointed apically; posterior margin of lateral lobe with a mid-undulation (Fig. 97C); infrascapular area wide and covering from the humeral notch to pre-apex portion in lateral view; lateral area narrow and extend to the apex of the pronotum in lateral view (Fig. 96A). Wings absent. Legs. Fore and mid legs mid-sized, dorsal and ventral margin carinated and without dorso-apical spine (Figs. 97D, E); dorsal and ventral margins of hind femur slightly undulated; ante genicular and genicular teeth well-developed; chevrons ridges in the external surface well visible with six ridges; ventro-external carina of the chevron space with a lappet, at level of the third and fourth ridge (Fig. 96A). Hind tibia dorsally with spines and serrulations between them; apex slightly dilated (Fig. 96B); first segment of the hind tarsus very little longer than the third one. Abdomen. Last segments constricted (Fig. 96F), with a dorsal furrow; penultimate male sternite unmodified, rounded at apex (Fig. 97F); male subgenital plate slender and upcurved; with apex divided (Fig. 97G); cerci conical and straight (Fig. 97F).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Species included. The type species only.</p><p>Distribution. Colombian Andes (Map 6).</p><p>Comparison. This new genus is the most differentiated of the tribe, being the only one with a unique morphology of the antennae, a reduced number of segments, and also lacking wings. This contrasts with the other genera with filiform antennae, with more than 10 segments, and all the others have well-developed wings.</p><p>Remarks. The morphology of the antennae is reminiscent of the antennal structure of the  Lophotettiginae, with a flattened shape and a similar number of antennomeres, possibly a case of convergence between these two groups of tetrigids.</p><p>At this time, the genus is monotypic. Still, two additional undescribed species appear to be distributed in the Andes between Colombia (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148727420) and Ecuador (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/174022777), this last morphospecies has more flattened and almost moniliform antennal segments. Among the localities of these morphospecies are distributional gaps, which may contain species that have yet to be discovered.</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to Professor Alexander García García of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia, a great friend and mentor of the first author, in recognition of his tireless and selfless contributions to the operation of the Bachelor’s Degree in Biology, one of the best professors of invertebrates I have known. The ending - tettix common in the genera of pygmy grasshoppers is added. The gender of the name is being established as femenine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF29048A9FDEC74DFE2DFF27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF32048A9FDEC21CFECFF84B.text	542B87FDFF32048A9FDEC21CFECFF84B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garciaitettix mirabilis Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Garciaitettix mirabilis Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 96, 97, Map 6)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male, Colombia, Meta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.888916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.8228889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.888916/lat 3.8228889)">Cubarral</a>, “Reserva Natural Las Palmeras”, 1600 m. 3°49’22.4”N 73°53’20.1”W. 1100 m, N. Gonzalez leg. (CAUD)  Paratype. 1 male, same data as holotype (CAUD) .</p><p>Description. Male. Small-sized (7.9–8.2 mm) (Fig. 96). Coloration. General coloration of the body brown, with each granule on the body with a small whitish spot (Fig. 96). Head dark brown; eyes reddish-brown and ocelli yellowish; clypeus dark brown, labrum with most of the central surface dark brown, towards the sides with a conspicuous white stripe and the edge outlined in black; palpi light ocher (Fig. 97A). Scapus and pedicellus ocher; third to sixth antennomeres light brown; seventh, eighth, and the basal half of the ninth dark brown; distal half of the ninth and tenth antennomere white (Fig. 97B). Pronotum brown with small black and whitish spots of medium size scattered in the media carina; middle section of the pronotal disc with a longitudinal black stripe on each side, extending from the external lateral carina towards the median carina of the pronotal disc (Fig. 96A); infrascapular area black, with two whitish stripes traversing it in the middle and in the distal section (Fig. 96A). Fore and mid femora brown with two whitish stripes, one faint at the base and one more conspicuous in the middle; anterior and middle tibiae with a stripe near the base and another forming a ring in the middle (Figs. 97D, E); hind femur brown with margins delineated by alternating brown, white, and black spots, also with a white stripe near the base and another near the apex of the median external area; hind tibia grayish, with two whitish-yellow rings near the base (Fig. 96A). Tarsi of the fore and mid legs with the first segment black, last segment with the base grayish-brown, middle section white, and tip black; hind tarsi with the first tarsomere whitish, outer face blurred gray, second tarsomere black, last tarsomere with the base gray, middle white, and tip black. Head. Eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes 1.5 times the width of one of the eyes (Fig. 97A); fastigium of the vertex straight in dorsal view and not prolongated in lateral view (Fig. 97B). Antennae with ten flattened segments, last segment lanceolate, and an antennal organ in the shape of a small spine (Figs. 97B, C). Thorax. Pronotum rugose and undulated, extending near the tip of the abdomen, with a hump at the level of the meso and metathorax (Fig. 97B), after there with a less elevated undulation, which projects near the distal portion; apex of pronotum slightly curving upward; external lateral carina with fine serrulation (Fig. 96B); infrascapular area widened and ovoid; lateral lobes of the pronotum a slightly wider than long, lower margin acute (Fig. 96A); posterior margin of lateral lobe rounded; lateral shoulder carina narrow and moderately prolonged (Fig. 97C). Legs slender, moderately long; fore and mid femora with two small prolongations on the ventral margin (Figs. 97D, E). Hind femur with slightly undulated margins; antegenicular and genicular teeth well-developed (Fig. 96A); hind tibia armed with six small spines on each dorsal margin (Fig. 96B). Abdomen. Subgenital plate slender and mid-sized, with dorsal edge straight; epiproct ovoid longer than wide; cerci cylindrical and tapering towards the tip (Fig. 97F); penultimate abdominal sternite rounded (Fig. 97G).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm): CFP: 7.9–8.2. PL: 6.3–6.5. PLB: 4.3–4.5. FF: 2.1–2.3. FL: 2.5–2.6. MFL: 2.5–2.7. MTL: 2.7–2.8. HL: 5.0–5.2. HW: 1.5–1.6. HL: 5.0–3.1.</p><p>Remarks. This is the first tetrigid described from “Las Palmeras” Natural Reserve. Previously, two crickets from this reserve have been described:  Crinklyalis gracilis Cadena-Castañeda, García García, Castellanos &amp; Tavares, 2023 ( Phalangopsidae), a small phalangopsid with a curious dome-like morphology of the tegminae (Cadena-Castañeda et al., 2023a), and  Laureopsis andina Cadena-Castañeda, Quintana-Arias &amp; Tavares, 2023 ( Gryllidae), a tiny cricket, from a group previously recorded only for the Amazon (Cadena-Castañeda et al., 2023b).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this species comes from the Latin  mirabilis, which means wonderful or incredible, referring to the nice morphology of the species, which is notable in the shape of its antennae and pronotum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF32048A9FDEC21CFECFF84B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF3104899FDEC3C0FC67F8FA.text	542B87FDFF3104899FDEC3C0FC67F8FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otumbini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Tribe  Otumbini Cadena-Castañeda,  trib. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Otumba Morse, 1900 .</p><p>Description. Body generally slender (few taxa robust), small to medium-sized (6–15 mm.). Head moderately exerted above pronotum; upper margin of the vertex slightly lower than the level of the upper margin of the compound eye. In frontal view, face ovoid or subrectangular, taller than wide; fastigium rounded or truncate; medial carina of the vertex, slightly elevated or not; lateral carinae moderately elevated, not exceeding the eye level, and usually as long as the medial carina or shorter; vertex narrower or as wide as one eye (Figs. 98C, 104C, 105C). In lateral view, medial carinae not protruding beyond the eyes. Anterior margin of the vertex rounded or truncated, fastigium of the vertex not forming a long horn and dorsum without fossulae. Antennae groves located at the level of the lower margin of the eyes, rarely lower or in the middle of the face. Antennae usually long, exceeding the middle femur, and sometimes as long as the hind femur, with 12 to 14 segments. Scutellum narrow, or moderately widened, not exceeding the width of the scape; frontal costa mid-sized, with bifurcation usually in the middle of the eyes. Eyes rounded, slightly straight at lower margin, medium-sized or conspicuous, protruding slightly above the vertex, occupying a quarter or a third of the cephalic capsule. Lateral ocelli between the middle part, or close the lower margin of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 98C, 104C, 105C). Thorax. Pronotum generally slender, reaching or exceeding the tip of the abdomen. Pronotal disc with a straight or rounded anterior margin and a pointed posterior margin, rarely truncated, dorsally almost flat; median carina not very elevated and, if elevated, only sub-elevated in the anterior third of the pronotal disc, looking like a small curvature in lateral view. Lateral lobes of pronotum rectangular in lateral view, lower edge moderately or well projected to the sides, with rounded (Figs. 104A, 105B, 114B, 115B) or acute apex (Figs. 98B, 99B, 101B, 102B, 108C, 116C); humeral angle wide, obliquely concave; infrascapular thin and projecting between the second or third abdominal segment (only wide in  Platythorus, possibly due to its wingless condition (Fig. 120A)); lateral area narrow with similar thickness or broader than the infrascapular area, arising on the dorsal undulation of the infrascapular area (Fig. 119B). Wings. Most species winged, with ovoid tegmina (Figs. 117A, 119B) (except  Otumba with narrow and lanceolate tegmina (Figs. 104A, 114A)) and hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum or surpass it. Legs. Fore and mid-femora compressed, elongated, and thin, with undulations on the dorsal and ventral margins, although some taxa have almost straight dorsal and ventral margins (Fig. 108D). Mid femur carinated above (Fig. 108E). Hind femur unmodified, without tubercles or lappets; genicular and antegenicular teeth moderately or well-developed. Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length (rarely, first tarsomere slightly longer than the third). Abdomen. Male: last segments, between the seventh and ninth segments moderately constricted (Figs. 108F, 110E). Subgenital plate cupuliform, as long as or longer than the last abdominal sternite; apex of subgenital plate rounded or angled and with a pointed apex (Figs. 108H, 110E). Cerci conical and reduced (Figs. 108G, 110F). Female: Epiproct triangular or ovoid, with or without medial groove (Fig. 109C). Subgenital plate mainly rectangular, with a small prolongation at the apex (Fig. 109E). Ovipositor valves moderately robust, with serrulations of medium length; inferior valves, without being conspicuously covered by the lateral edges of the subgenital plate (Fig. 109D).</p><p>Genera included.  Otumba Morse, 1900,  Plesiotettix Hancock, 1907,  Platythorus Morse,1900, and  Brunneritettix gen. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Mainly in South America, but with some species from Central America, in southern Nicaragua. The taxa are found mainly in areas of Andean influence, between  Peru and Colombia, with few taxa in the Amazon region (Maps 4 and 7).</p><p>Remarks. This new tribe groups the remaining Neotropical  Metrodorinae with brown, grayish, or blackish colorations. Unlike  Garciaitettigini trib. nov., the species of this tribe do not camouflage themselves among bryophytes, and the ovipositor valves are typical shape for the family.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF3104899FDEC3C0FC67F8FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF37048C9FDEC541FA5FFEFC.text	542B87FDFF37048C9FDEC541FA5FFEFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otumbini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Key to genera of  Otumbini</p><p>1. Robust, tegmina and wings absent; pronotum short, not extending beyond the abdomen, or if it does, only slightly....................................................................................................  Platythorus</p><p>- Slender, generally winged, with the pronotum extending beyond the apex of the abdomen............................ 2</p><p>2. Head not protruding, reaching only the same level as the anterior margin of the pronotum; vertex moderately narrow; eyes wider than tall in lateral view. Maxillary palpi segments strongly dilated. Lower margins of the lateral lobes of the pronotum moderately thickening and curving upwards, forming a concave edge.........................  Brunneritettix gen. nov.</p><p>- Head protruding upwards beyond the anterior margin of the pronotum; vertex narrow or very narrow; eyes in lateral view taller than wide. Maxillary palpi segments moderately or poorly dilated. Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum projecting perpendicularly sideways............................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Vertex very narrow, about half the width of an eye. Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, always armed with a conspicuous or uncinated spine..................................................................  Plesiotettix</p><p>- Vertex narrow, subequal to, or wider than an eye. Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum variable, with few species having straight spines pointing sideways.............................................................  Otumba</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF37048C9FDEC541FA5FFEFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC784FB15F857.text	542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC784FB15F857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otumba amazonica	<div><p>Otumba amazonica (Bolívar, 1887)</p><p>(Figs. 111, 112)</p><p>Metrodora amazonica  Bolívar, 1887: 249. Lectotype, here designated. Male. ALTO AMAZONAS [ Peru / Brazil], Stauding. Cat. Tipos N ° 58 (Fig. 111). Depository: MNCN.</p><p>Otumba amazonica: Günther, 1939: 235.</p><p>Remarks. In order to contribute to the stability and delimitation of  O. amazonica, selecting a lectotype that meets the original description’s characters is necessary. The specimen deposited in MNCN is chosen as a lectotype (Cat. Tipos N° 58) labeled “  Peru, Alto Amazonas,” with the handwritten label by Bolívar “  Metr. amazonica Bol =  Metrodora amazonica Bolívar, 1887 ” (original combination of the species). The other specimens mentioned by Paris (1994) deposited in Madrid (MNCN) and Vienna (NHMW) are considered paralectotypes since they come from the same locality, and their identity is corroborated with photographs uploaded by J. Tumbrinck to OSF (Fig. 112).</p><p>The description of  O. lobata mentions characters resembling  O. amazonica (a species widely distributed in the Amazon between  Peru and French Guyana). However, no drawings or photos of the type specimen are available. Its type locality is Guyana, Demerara, and its description, so possibly both species can be synonyms. During visits of Daniela Santos Silva and Josef Tumbrinck to ANSP, the type specimen was not found, perhaps lost. Günther (1939) considers species other than  O. amazonica with specimens from San Antonio de Curaray, Ecuador (western Amazon), and  O. lobata, with specimens from Paramaribo, Suriname (Guyanese region). Currently, both species are differentiated by the color of the spots or stripes on the tegmina (Itrac-Bruneau &amp; Doucet, 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC784FB15F857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC1CAFC6CFB5C.text	542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC1CAFC6CFB5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otumba quadrata Hancock 1907	<div><p>Otumba quadrata Hancock, 1907</p><p>(Figs. 105–106)</p><p>Otumba quadrata 
Hancock, 1907: 235 . Lectotype, here designated. Male. ECUADOR,  Cachabi, xii data. 96, Rosenberg. Code: 1903 9268. Type Orth: 120 4/5. Depository: UMO.</p><p>Remarks. This species has five syntype specimens deposited at UMO Oxford (three males and two females). The male with the labels “Cachabi, Ecuador, xii data. 96, Rosenberg. Code: 1903 9268. Type Orth: 120 4/5” is selected as a lectotype (Fig. 105). The rest are considered paralectotypes: female, with the same data as lectotype, differing: code: 1903 9533. Type Orth: 120 1/5; female code: 1903 9534. Type Orth: 120 2/5 (Fig. 106); male, code: 1903 9264. Type Orth: 120 3/5. An additional parallelectotype, a male specimen in poor condition, labeled “co-type, code: 1903 9260. Type Orth: 120 5/5,” does not belong to this species. It is a male of  Allotettix or a close genus. The specimen photographed by J. Tumbrinck from Costa Rica and uploaded to OSF also does not correspond to this species, so the presence of this species in Central America is ruled out.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC1CAFC6CFB5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC3C0FED0FD92.text	542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC3C0FED0FD92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otumba scapularis Morse 1900	<div><p>Otumba scapularis Morse, 1900</p><p>(Figs. 103, 104)</p><p>Otumba scapularis 
Morse, 1900: 7 . Holotype: female. NICARAGUA, Río San Juan, Greytown [San Juan del Norte] (Fig. 103).  Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Scabrotettix biolleyi  Bolívar, 1909: 401. Holotype: female. COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Alajuela: Sarapiqui, Cariblanco (Fig. 104).  Depository: MHNG. Syn. nov.</p><p>Remarks. Here,  Scabrotettix biolleyi is synonymized under  Otumba scapularis Morse, 1900 . The type specimens of both species are females, and no differences are found that allow the two species to be kept as distinct entities, maintaining similarity in the characters of the head, pronotum, and terminalia. Additionally,  Scabrotettix biolleyi is the only species of  Scabrotettix that is distributed in Central America (Costa Rica), near the type locality of  O. scapularis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF3E04869FDEC3C0FED0FD92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF3C04849FDEC3C0FE19FDED.text	542B87FDFF3C04849FDEC3C0FE19FDED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otumba marcapata Hancock 1907	<div><p>Otumba marcapata Hancock, 1907</p><p>(Figs. 113–114)</p><p>Otumba marcapata 
Hancock, 1907: 44 . Lectotype, here designated. Female.  PERU, Marcapata, collection code H 570 type (Fig. 113). Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Remarks. This species also requires the selection of a lectotype. The female deposited in ANSP from Marcapata,  Peru, with collection code H 570 Type, was selected as a lectotype (photographs available at OSF) (Fig. 113). The specimens designated as syntypes or “ paratypes ” from other collections are considered paralectotypes, such as: BMNH London (male, Marcapata,  Peru, Brit. Mus. 1923 -129, collection code NHMUK 010924474 (Fig. 114)), MHNG Geneva (two females and a male, Marcapata,  Peru, “ paratypes ”) and SDEI Müncheberg (female, Marcapata,  Peru, DORSA ExotmarP01).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF3C04849FDEC3C0FE19FDED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF3C04B99FDEC1D3FD68FAF5.text	542B87FDFF3C04B99FDEC1D3FD68FAF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otumba dengi Cadena-Castaneda & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Otumba dengi Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 107–110, Maps 4 and 7)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype. Male. COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, District of Golfito, Guaycará, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.20216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.700691" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.20216/lat 8.700691)">La Gamba Biological Station</a>. 8°42’2.49”N, 83°12’7.79”W. 80 m. April 2018. F. Etl. (CAUD)  .  Paratypes. 8 males, 1 female and 5 immatures, same data as holotype (CAUD) .</p><p>Description. Male. Small-size (8.5–9.0 mm) and slender (Fig. 107). Coloration. Head black, including the clypeus and labrum, with palpi outlined in brown; ocelli, scape, and pedicel ocher (Fig. 108A). Legs light brown; fore and mid tibiae with two black rings in the middle section; ventral external area of hind femur black, the rest light brown (Fig. 107A); hind tibia blurred black with a brown surface; tarsomeres with alternating coloration between black and yellowish-brown. Pronotum black, except for the yellowish distal section of the pronotal disc, and the lateral lobes with an ocher stripe running parallel to the extra lateral carina and merging into the lateral spine (Figs. 107B, 208C). Thorax and abdomen black with few light brown spots. Head taller than wide, eyes occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule; space between the eyes as wide as the width of one eye; lateral carinae slightly surpassing the medial carina; eyes globose, slightly protruding above the lateral carina; scutellum narrow (Fig. 108A); fascial carinae little diverging at the middle of the eyes, protruding in lateral view and rounded (Fig. 108B); lateral ocelli rounded, located near the fork of the frontal costa, a little above the lower margin of the eyes (Fig. 108A). Antennae with 14 segments. Thorax. Anterior margin of the pronotum straight; prozonal carinae developed (Fig. 108C), pronotal apex acute in dorsal and lateral view (Fig. 107B). Median carinae subelevated; internal and external lateral carinae up curved in lateral view; infrascapular area widened (Fig. 107A); lower margin of lateral lobes projected to sides as a triangular and acute spine (Figs. 107B, 108C). Legs slender. Fore and mid femora rectangular, longer than wide, margins sub-undulated, almost straight (Figs. 108D, E); hind femur with the antegenicular and genicular teeth poorly developed (Fig. 107A); hind tibia armed with four or five small spines on each dorsal margin. Abdomen. Last tergites from the seventh to the tenth constricted, tapering towards the anterior tergites (Fig. 108F), with a dorsal groove extending from the epiproct to the eighth tergite in dorsal view, dividing these segments (Fig. 108G). Cerci conical, tapering towards the apex, with long and abundant bristles on the basal two-thirds (Fig. 108F); epiproct triangular, longer than wide, divided into two hexagonal basal plates at the base (separated by the dorsal groove), and distally by a subtriangular plate (Fig. 108G); subgenital plate slender, tapering towards the apex in lateral view, and distally truncated (Fig. 108F); in dorsal view divided into the two paleal plates, sclerotized and smooth, distally ending in a point (Fig. 108G); in ventral view lanceolate and without modifications: penultimate sternite longer and wider than the subgenital plate both in lateral and ventral views (Fig. 108H).</p><p>Female. Similar to the male (Figs. 109A, B), differing by the ambisexual characteristics: eighth to tenth tergites with a conspicuous groove extending to the middle of the epiproct (Fig. 109C); cerci conical, covered with long bristles (more abundant and conspicuous than in males) (Fig. 109D); epiproct lanceolate, divided into three plates, two lateral rectangular (separated by the conspicuous dorsal groove), third plate subtriangular with rounded apex (Fig. 109C); ovipositor valves with hairs, mainly on the dorsal edges (Fig. 109D); subgenital plate quadrangular, with a small triangular projection on the posterior margin (Fig. 109E).</p><p>Measurements (in mm) male / female. CFP: 8.5–9.0 / 10.5. PL: 7.0–8.0 / 9.5. PLB: 6.0–6.5 / 6.5. FF: 2.2–2.3 / 2.5. FL: 2.5–2.6 / 2.5. MFL: 2.2–2.5 / 2.5. MTL: 2.2–2.8 / 2.8. HL: 5.5–5.7 / 6.5. HW: 2.0–2.2 / 2.2. HL: 4.0–4.5 / 5.5.</p><p>Comparison.  O. dengi sp. nov. with atrophied wings, unlike the other known species with well-developed tegmina and hind wings (Fig. 110D). This new species could be superficially confused with  O. aciculata once it also has a spine-like projection on the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum (Figs. 110A, B). This characteristic is also shared with  O. dentata (Figs. 101B, 102B). Among these characters is the shape of the upper section of the head and the width of the vertex, which is more similar to South American species. In contrast, the shape of the head of  O. aciculata and its overall morphology are more akin to species from the Chocó biogeographic region (Fig. 98B, 99B). According to Hebard (1924a), this species is very similar to  O. quadrata but with pronotal spines. It also has a coloration pattern similar to  O. dentata, albeit in black tones.</p><p>Remarks. Some studied males have the ocher stripe outlining the anterior margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, while others only have the spine of the lateral lobe delineated (Figs. 110A, B). Additionally, the face can be black or have a whitish surface (Fig. 110C).  O. dengi sp. nov., despite having spines on the lateral lobes of the pronotum, also has another peculiarity: it is the only known species in the genus with atrophied wings (Fig. 110D). This characteristic can indeed vary within different forms of the same species, especially in  Tetrigidae . However, to date, no wingless  Otumba specimens have been recorded. In the records of the new species, there are no specimens with wings, and based on the studied material, it is unusual to find metrodorines with winged or wingless forms. This phenomenon is more common in other groups of  Tetrigidae, such as  Tetriginae and some  Batrachideinae, for instance (Rehn &amp; Grant 1955, Berggren et al. 2012; Silva et al. 2021).</p><p>It is evident the existence of two species groups in this genus, of which  O. dengi sp. nov. is located in the  amazonica species group, being the only member from Mesoamerica, while the others are from South America, being more closely related to  O. marcapata than the other species. The spine projection on the lateral lobes of the pronotum appears to be convergent, observed in species not so closely related, as shown here, and in taxa of American metrodorines. Some  Plesiotettix,  Chiriquia, and  Bolivaridora gen. nov. species, have a similar spine structure.</p><p>Costa Rican records of  O. dengi sp. nov. were identified as  O. aciculata (https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/74669488) and  O. dentata (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/48552702), in the catalog of Central American  Tetrigidae (Kasalo et al., 2023b) . Hence, for the time being, the presence of  O. aciculata in Costa Rica is ruled out, and only the type series of this species from Porto Bello, Colón, Panama is known (Hebard, 1924).</p><p>Etymology. Dedicated to Wei-An Deng, in recognition of his contributions to knowledge of Chinese  Tetrigidae .</p><p>MAP 7. Distribution of  Otumbini trib. nov. species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF3C04B99FDEC1D3FD68FAF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF0104B79FDEC62AFE6AFBA3.text	542B87FDFF0104B79FDEC62AFE6AFBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allotettix incomptum (Hebard 1924) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Allotettix incomptum (Hebard, 1924),  comb. nov.</p><p>Otumba incompta 
Hebard, 1924: 153 . Holotype. Female. ECUADOR: Manabi:  Río Pescado. Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Remarks.  Otumba incompta Hebard, 1924 is transferred to the genus  Allotettix Hancock, 1899 . The morphological characteristics fit better in  Allotettix than in  Otumba, highlighting the shape of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, which are closer to the body, the first and second segments of the tarsi of the hind leg, suggesting more affinity with  Tetriginae than with the other Neotropical  Metrodorinae . Therefore, the taxon must be treated under the new combination  Allotettix incomptum (Hebard, 1924),  comb. nov. An additional study should be carried out to corroborate the validity or synonymy of this species with that of the other members of  Allotettix .</p><p>Genus  Plesiotettix Hancock, 1907</p><p>Plesiotettix Hancock, 1907: 34 .</p><p>Type species:  Plesiotettix uncinatus Hancock, 1907, by original designation.</p><p>Redescription. Body slender, elongated, and moderately granulate (Figs. 116A, 117A, 118A). Head compresso-elevated. Vertex narrower than an eye, anteriorly rounded, slightly lower than the eyes; medial carina short and not elevated, lateral carinae protruding slightly upward from the eyes; frontal costa bifurcation at the middle of the eyes; scutellum narrow; fascial carinae moderately elevated, branches of fascial carinae little divergent; antennal groves close of the ventral margin of eyes level, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae (Figs. 116B, 117C, 118C), antennae with 14–15 segments; lateral ocelli between the middle of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments yellowish or grayish, and flattened, with first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 116B, 117C, 118C). In lateral view, face oblique; carinae of the vertex not produced between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle rounded; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae, not surpassing the pedicelus length, and rounded, above and below slightly sinuated; eyes rounded, with rounded dorsal surface, slightly straight ventral margin and little elevated than vertex (Fig. 116A, 117A, 118A). Thorax. Pronotum elongated, well surpassing the tip of abdomen and hind femora (in  P. katerinae, the pronotum does not project as much (Figs. 116A, C)); pronotal disc straight anteriorly and acute apically, flat, granulated, and without post humeral spots (Figs. 117B, 118B). Lateral carinae slightly undulated in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles obtuse; lower edge of lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangularly acute produced as spine (Fig. 116C), subspiniform (Fig. 118B) or distinctly uncinate, curved-forward (Fig. 117B); posterior margin of lateral lobe with a mid-undulation; infra-scapular area short and narrow, ending at the level of the first or second abdominal segments; lateral area extending to the apex of the pronotum and wider than infrascapular area in lateral view (Figs. 116A, 117A, 118A). Wings. Tegmina oblong, black, generally with yellowish venation. Hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum (Figs. 116A, 117A, 118A). Legs slender. Fore and mid femora dorsally and ventrally slightly undulated, almost straight; fore and mid tibiae carinated above. Hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth moderately developed. The first and third segments of the hind tarsi nearly equal in length, or the third slightly longer than the first. Abdomen. Last segments constricted, mainly the ninth and tenth tergites; cerci conical; penultimate sternite mid-sized, almost as long as subgenital plate, a little rounded in lateral view; subgenital plate triangular-shaped in ventral view, slightly upcurved, nearly straight, and apically angulated.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Species included.  Plesiotettix uncinatus Hancock, 1907,  P. spinosus Hancock, 1907, and  P. katerinae Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona, 2015 .</p><p>Distribution. Andes and inter-Andean valleys between  Peru and Colombia (Map 7).</p><p>Remarks. This genus resembles  Otumba but is distinguished by its noticeably slender shape, conspicuous eyes, and modification of the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum. To date, only the holotype specimens of each species are known, represented by males, so the females are unknown. The presence of the genus in Ecuador must be reevaluated since the morphospecies mentioned by Günther (1939) actually belong to  O. quadrata, as discussed in  Otumba ’s comments.</p><p>Key to species of  Plesiotettix</p><p>1. Blackish coloration, with the ventral surface of the body whitish yellow (Fig. 116A), lower third of lateral lobes of the pronotum whitish yellow, and the rest of the pronotum black (Fig. 116C). Tegmina black, without contrast venation in different colors (Fig. 116A). Pronotum surpassing the apex of the abdomen and hind femur but not as pronounced as in the previous case...............................................................................................  P. katerinae</p><p>- Grayish brown coloration throughout the body, especially in the lateral lobes of the pronotum (Figs. 117A, 118A). Tegminae with yellowish venation. Pronotum considerably surpassing the apex of the abdomen and the hind femur (Figs. 117B, 118B).................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Lateral lobes of pronotum sidewards, with uncinate spine (Fig. 117B) and infrascapular area longer than fore tibiae (Fig. 117A).....................................................................................  P. uncinatus</p><p>- Lateral lobes of pronotum sidewards, with subspiniform spine (Fig. 118B) and infrascapular area shorter than fore tibiae (Fig. 118A)......................................................................................  P. spinosus</p><p>Genus  Brunneritettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Allotettix fuscipennis Bruner, 1910, here designated.</p><p>Description. Body slender, elongated, and moderately granulated (Figs. 119A, B, C). Head moderately compresso-elevated. In frontal view, vertex wider than an eye, anteriorly rounded, little lower than the eyes; medial carina short and slightly elevated, lateral carinae protruding slightly upward from the eyes; frontal costa bifurcation at the middle of the eyes; scutellum moderately expanded; fascial carinae moderately elevated, ramification of fascial carinae divergent; antennae groves lower than the ventral margin of eyes, in the middle length of the frons and middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae, antennae with 14 segments; lateral ocelli between the middle of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus close to the lower margin of the scutellum; maxillary palpi white with segments strongly dilated, especially the last four ones (Fig. 119D). In lateral view, face oblique; carinae of the vertex not produced between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle rounded; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae, not surpassing the pedicelus length, and rounded, above and below slightly sinuated; eyes prominent, rounded, with rounded dorsal surface, ventral margin straight and more elevated than vertex (Fig. 119B). Thorax. Pronotum elongated, well surpassing the tip of abdomen and hind femora (Fig. 119A); pronotal disc straight anteriorly and truncated apically; pronotal disc flat, granulated, and without post-humeral spots (Fig. 119C). Median carina slightly elevated and undulated in the anterior section of the pronotal disc, at the level between the anterior margin and the middle length of the tegmina. Lateral carinae slightly undulated in dorsal and lateral views; humeral angles obtuse; lower margin of lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, triangularly rounded produced, curved-forward; posterior margin of lateral lobe with a mid-undulation; infra-scapular area short and narrow ending at the level of the first or second abdominal segments; lateral area extending to the apex of the pronotum and wider than the infrascapular area in lateral view (Fig. 119B). Wings. Tegmina oblong, medium size, and brown (Fig. 119B). Hind wings moderately exceeding the apex of the pronotum (Fig. 119A). Legs slender. Fore and mid-femora dorsally and ventrally almost straight; fore and mid-tibiae carinated above. Hind ante-genicular and genicular teeth poorly developed; first and third segments of the hind tarsi equal in length. Abdomen. Last segments constricted, mainly the ninth and tenth tergite; cerci conical; penultimate sternite mid-sized, almost as long than subgenital plate, little rounded in lateral view; subgenital plate triangular-shaped in ventral view, little upcurved, nearly straight, and apex angulated.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Species included.  Brunneritettix fuscipennis (Bruner, 1910),  comb. nov. only.</p><p>Distribution. Eastern Amazon, Brazil, Pará, Benevides (Map 7).</p><p>Comparison.  Brunneritettix gen. nov. differs from  Platythorus in its slender appearance, developed wings, and the pronotum extending well beyond the abdomen. The new genus differs from  Otumba and  Plesiotettix for its eyes wider than tall in lateral view, maxillary palpi segments strongly dilated, and lower margins of the lateral lobes of the pronotum moderately thickening and curving upwards, forming a concave edge. In contrast,  Otumba and  Plesiotettix with rounded eyes, maxillary palpi segments moderately or poorly dilated, and the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum projecting perpendicularly sideways, occasionally projected into a spine.</p><p>Remarks. The type species was originally described in  Allotettix . It is differentiated by the structure of the maxillary palps, conspicuous eyes (Fig. 119D), and lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum expanded to the sides (Figs. 119A, B). Due to the characteristics described here, this new genus fits the characteristics of the new tribe  Otumbini trib. nov.</p><p>Etymology. Dedicated to the memory of Lawrence Bruner, in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of  Orthoptera . The suffix “- tettix,” common in pygmy grasshopper genera, is added. The gender of the name is being established as femenine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF0104B79FDEC62AFE6AFBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF0F04AA9FDEC798FB9FFD2F.text	542B87FDFF0F04AA9FDEC798FB9FFD2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunneritettix fuscipennis (Bruner 1910) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Brunneritettix fuscipennis (Bruner, 1910),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 119)</p><p>Allotettix fuscipennis 
Bruner, 1910: 115 . Holotype. Male. Brazil:  Pará: Benevides. Depository: ANSP.</p><p>Remarks. There are no additional records of this species since its description.</p><p>Genus  Platythorus Morse, 1900</p><p>Platythorus Morse, 1900: 8 .</p><p>Type species:  Platythorus camurus Morse, 1900, by monotypy.</p><p>Redescription. Body robust, moderately flattened dorsoventrally (Fig. 120A, B). Head moderately compresso-elevated. In frontal view, vertex wider than an eye, anteriorly truncated, and slightly lower than the eyes; medial carina short and not elevated; transverse carinae separated by a shallow groove but continuous with a low ridge running backward along each side of the mid-carina; fontal costa forking midway between the ocelli and vertex into high narrowly divergent rami, scutellum narrow; antennal groves located at the level of the ventral margin of eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae, antennae segments unknown (maybe 14 as the other genera of this tribe), lateral ocelli between the middle of the eyes; medial ocellus close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments brown and little flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Fig. 120C). In lateral view, face little oblique; carina of the vertex not produced between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle rounded; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae, not surpassing the pedicelus length and rounded, above and below slightly sinuated; eyes rounded, with rounded dorsal surface, straight ventral margin and very little elevated than vertex (Fig. 120A). Thorax. Pronotum slightly surpassing the tip of abdomen, but not the tip of hind femora (Fig. 120A); pronotal disc mostly flat, anteriorly straight, and apically acute; median carina slightly undulated on anterior section; pronotum granulated and with post humeral spots (Fig. 120B). Lateral carinae almost straight in dorsal and lateral views, divergent anteriorly; humeral angles obtuse; lower edge of lateral lobes flattened and projected to the sides, with rounded apex; posterior margin of lateral lobe with a mid-undulation; infra-scapular area mid-sized and wide, ending at the level of the fourth or fifth abdominal segments; lateral area extending to the apex of the pronotum and narrower than the infrascapular area in lateral view (Fig. 120A). Wings. Absent. Legs slender. Fore and mid-femora carinated dorsally and ventrally undulated; fore and mid-tibiae carinated above. Hind femora stout with ante-genicular and genicular teeth moderately developed; the first and third segments of the hind tarsi nearly equal in length or the first slightly longer. Abdomen. Last segment constricted dorsally; cerci conical; subgenital plate quadrangular with a rounded apex bearing a small spine. Ovipositor with moderately robust and serrulated valves and medium-sized teeth.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Species included. Type species only.</p><p>Distribution. Central America between Nicaragua and Costa Rica (Maps 4 and 7).</p><p>Remarks. It is the only brachypronotal and wingless genus of the tribe  Otumbini .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF0F04AA9FDEC798FB9FFD2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF1204AC9FDEC015FA5FF88B.text	542B87FDFF1204AC9FDEC015FA5FF88B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amorphopini Gunther 1939	<div><p>Tribe  Amorphopini Günther, 1939</p><p>Type genus:  Amorphopus Serville, 1838 .</p><p>Enmended description. Body robust, depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 121A, 122A), small to medium size (15–20 mm.). Head little exserted. In frontal view, face ovoid, taller than wide; upper margin of the vertex at the same level as the lateral carinae; fastigium rounded; medial carina not elevated; lateral carinae moderately elevated, without exceeding eyes level, slightly more elevated than the median one; vertex varying from narrower to as wide as an eye. Scutellum narrow or moderately widened, without exceeding the width of the scape; frontal costa mid-sized, and bifurcation usually at the middle of the eyes or at the level of the lower margin of the eye sockets. In lateral view, medial carinae not protruding beyond the eyes and slightly tapering; anterior margin of the vertex truncated; fastigium of the vertex not forming an elongated horn, and dorsum without fossulae. Antennal groves located at level of the lower margin of the eyes, rarely lower or in the middle of the face; antennae usually mid-sized, as long as the middle femur or exceeding it, with 15 segments. Eyes rounded, straight at lower margin, small or medium-sized, protruding slightly above the vertex, occupying a quarter or a fifth of the cephalic capsule. Lateral ocelli placed between the middle part, or near the lower margin of the eyes and the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 121B, 122B, 123B, 124B). Thorax. Pronotum robust and granulated, surpassing the tip of the abdomen. Pronotal disc with a straight or rounded anterior margin and a pointed posterior margin, dorsally flat; median carina slightly elevated, midline from mesozone to the apex (Figs. 121A, 122A, 123A, 124A, 125A). Lateral lobes of pronotum rectangular in lateral view (Figs. 121C, 122C, 123C, 124C, 125C), lower edge well projected to the sides, with rounded (Figs. 121D, 122D) or acute apex (Figs. 123D, 124D, 125D); humeral angle wide, obliquely concave; infrascapular area thin and projecting between the second or third abdominal segment; lateral area narrow slightly wider than the infrascapular area, arising next to the dorsal undulation of the infrascapular area (Figs. 121A, 122A, 123A, 124A, 125A). Wings. All known species winged; tegmina ovoid, almost lanceolate (Figs. 121C, 122C, 124C); hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum or slightly exceed it. Legs. Fore femur carinated (Figs. 123E, 124E, 125E) and middle femur strongly expanded; dorsal and ventral margin of middle femur lobed or foliaceous (Figs. 121F, 122F, 123F, 124F, 125F); hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth developed, transversal ridge (or “chevrons”) between the dorso and ventro external carinae, and transversal ridge between the dorsal margin of the hind femur and dorso-external carina. Abdomen. Male: last segments, between eighth and ninth segments, moderately constricted. Subgenital plate cupuliform, as long as or longer than the last abdominal sternite; apex of the subgenital plate rounded or angled, and with pointed apex. Cerci conical (Figs. 122H, 124H, 125H). Female: Epiproct triangular or ovoid, with medial groove. Subgenital plate mainly triangular, with a small spine at the apex. Ovipositor valves moderately robust, with serrulations of medium length (Figs. 121H, 123H); inferior valves not conspicuously covered by the lateral edges of the subgenital plate (Figs. 121G, 123G).</p><p>Genera included.  Amorphopus Serville, 1838 and  Eomorphopus Hancock, 1907 .</p><p>Distribution. South America, mainly in the Amazon and Guyanese regions (Map 8).</p><p>MAP 8. Distribution of  Amorphopini species.</p><p>Remarks. The taxa of this group camouflage themselves between lichens and bryophytes, with modified body structures that make them almost unnoticed. This tribe was established by Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda (2015), based on the ancient name “Amorphopi,” which was used by Günther (1939) to rename the section Metrodorae when considering  Metrodora in the Cladonotae section. Recently, Cadena-Castañeda et al. (2020) studied the genera and species, providing taxonomic and distributional data and comprehensive descriptions of genera and species (for this reason, we do not redescribe those taxa here, we consider that the data provided there is sufficient), and a key to these fascinating insects is given below.</p><p>Key to genera and species of Amorphipini (after Cadena-Castañeda et al., 2020)</p><p>1. Body strongly depressed (Figs. 121A, D, 122A, D). Scutellum wide (Fig. 120B, 122B); fore and middle femora flattened, foliaceous, and clypeate (Figs. 121E, F, 122E, F); tegmina ovoid (Figs. 121C, 122C).......................  A. notabilis</p><p>- Body moderately depressed (Figs. 123A, 124A, 125A). Scutellum narrow (Figs. 123B, 124B, 125B); only middle femora flattened (Figs. 123F, 124F, 125F), fore femur carinated (Figs. 123E, 124E, 125E); tegmina sub-lanceolate (Fig. 124C). ( Eomorphopus)....................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Mid-sized (females: 19–19.5 mm (Figs. 123A, D), male: 18 mm (Fig. 124A, D)). Apex of the lateral lobes of the pronotum (sideway projection) triangular-shaped and moderately sharp (Figs. 123D, 124D). Body granulose, prozona with rounded sculpturing (Figs. 123C, 124C)................................................................  E. antennatus</p><p>- Small-sized (females: 16.5–17.5 mm, males: 15–16 mm (Figs. 125A, D)). Apex of the lateral lobes of the pronotum (sideway projection) rounded (Fig. 125D). Body mostly smooth and slightly granulose, prozona without sculpturing (Fig. 125C)..............................................................................................  E. granulatus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF1204AC9FDEC015FA5FF88B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF1504AD9FDEC388FEE5F896.text	542B87FDFF1504AD9FDEC388FEE5F896.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guntheritettiginae Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Subfamily  Guntheritettiginae Cadena-Castañeda,  subfam. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Guntheritettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares gen. nov.</p><p>Description. Slender and moderately robust. Face not elongated, subcircular, or ovoid. Vertex wide, about two or three times the width of an eye (Figs. 126C, 127C, 131B, 132C, 136C, 145C, 148C); antennae elongated, with 12– 13 segments (in some taxa, the segments are modified) (Figs. 126A, 126B, 144A, 148A); antennal groves located at the level of the lower margin of the eyes. Medial and lateral carinae of the vertex not produced (Figs. 126A, 127C, 131B, 136C, 144A, 148C), fascial carinae short and narrow, reaching to a third of the frons (rarely to the middle of the face), running parallel. In frontal view, in lateral view slightly projected and rounded. Eyes noticeably separated, rising to the level of the anterior edge of the pronotum; lateral ocelli in the middle of the eyes; central ocellus on the lower margin of the scutellum (Figs. 126C, 132C, 144C, 146C, 148C). Pronotum surpassing the abdomen and apex of the hind femur; anterior edge truncated and posterior one acute or gently truncated (Figs. 126A, 127B, 144B); lower edge of the lateral lobes projecting noticeably towards the sides, triangular in dorsal view, acute or with conspicuous spines (Figs. 129B, 131C, 132B, 137B, 144B, 148B). Lateral inner and median carinae projected or wavy; tegminal sinus undeveloped; humeral carinae poor or not developed. Tegmina small and ovoid (Figs. 128A, 129A, 138A, 144A); hind wings mostly well-developed and reach the apex of the pronotum, or slightly exceed it. Dorsal margin of the fore and mid femora dorsally carinated; tarsi elongated, first segment of the tarsus of the hind leg longer than the third one. Ovipositor valves narrow compared to the taxa of the other subfamilies and smoothly denticulate (Figs. 129A, 132A, 144A).</p><p>Tribes included.  Guntheritettigini trib. nov. and  Tumbrinckitettigini trib. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar (Maps 9–12).</p><p>Comparission.  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov. differs from the other subfamilies currently constituted by the following characters: 1) Fascial carinae short (no other group has it that way, nor a similar arrangement of lateral ocelli). 2) The vertex is noticeably broad, comparable to  Lophotettiginae, as the shape and arrangement of the eyes. 3) Scutellum narrow, distinguishing it from several  Cladonotinae and some  Metrodorinae taxa with a wide scutellum. It is also distinguished from the broad scutellum of  Lophotettiginae, which, although the fascial carinae are parallel, does not have the typical shape of the  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov. 4) The antennae have a normal development, with 12–13 segments, although elongated, and thin (except  Andriana with the last segments dilated), in contrast to short antennae and with noticeably dilated segments like those of  Lophotettix Hancock, 1909 (11 segments) or  Tripetalocerinae (8 segments). 5) The pronotum has modifications in the form of spines, tubercles, or undulations, not common or homologous with other taxa such as  Arulenus Stål, 1877 (currently in  Scelimeninae). The lateral lobes of the pronotum expand to the sides in a triangular shape, although some  Tumbrinckitettigini trib. nov. have the shape of a sharp spine, straight or curved forward in dorsal view. This character is convergent in several taxa of  Tetrigidae and is frequently observable with  Scelimenini ( Scelimeninae) and, to a lesser extent, in  Otumbini trib. nov. and  Garciaitettigini trib. nov. ( Metrodorinae). Additionally, the tegminal sinus of  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov. is not developed as in other subfamilies. 6) The first tarsal segment of the hind leg is longer than the third. Although this is a debatable character, most taxa have this combination of the character, being different in  Metrodorinae, in which, at least in the Neotropical tribes, the character remains stable. 7) The valves of the ovipositor are slender, probably due to the substrate or place of laying eggs, which must differ from other taxa with more robust valves. Thin valves are also observable in  Garciaitettigini trib. nov.</p><p>Remarks. This new subfamily is proposed since the grouped taxa have several characteristics in common that differentiate it from  Metrodorinae and the other subfamilies currently defined, as previously mentioned. The taxa are endemic to Madagascar and adjacent islands (Malagasy region). Their differentiation from other  Metrodorinae was previously suspected, being considered an informal group (Günther 1939, 1959, 1974; Devriese 1991; Skejo et al., 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF1504AD9FDEC388FEE5F896	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF1804A09FDEC6DFFA5FF913.text	542B87FDFF1804A09FDEC6DFFA5FF913.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guntheritettiginae Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Key to tribes of  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov.</p><p>1. Pronotum with the lateral inner and median carinae projected or wavy (Figs. 126A, 128A, 129A), and with conspicuous spine-like projections of the lateral carinae (Figs. 131B, 132A). Lower margin of the lateral lobes with an acute apex (Figs. 126B, 128B, 129B). Face almost circular and eyes occupy one-third of the cephalic capsule in frontal view (Figs. 126C, 127C, 136C)..................................................................... Tribe  Guntheritettigini trib. nov.</p><p>- Pronotum without conspicuous modifications in the form of dorsal spines or humps (except  Charagotettix (Fig. 145A)) (Figs. 144B, 147A). Lower margin of the lateral lobes mostly produced as spine-shaped (Figs. 140C, 141C, 147B). Face ovoid, a little higher than wide, and eyes occupy a quarter of the head capsule in frontal view (Figs. 144C, 145C, 147C)........................................................................................Tribe  Tumbrinckitettigini trib. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF1804A09FDEC6DFFA5FF913	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF1804A69FDEC477FC1CFAD3.text	542B87FDFF1804A69FDEC477FC1CFAD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guntheritettigini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Tribe  Guntheritettigini Cadena-Castañeda,  trib. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Guntheritettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares gen. nov.</p><p>Description. Body slender or moderately robust (few taxa robust); small to medium size (11–23 mm.). Head little exserted. In frontal view, face subcircular, almost as wide as high; upper margin of the vertex at the same level as the lateral carinae; fastigium rounded; medial and lateral carinae not elevated; vertex wide, two or three times as wide as an eye. Scutellum narrow and short, reaching only a quarter (or less) of the height of the face; frontal costa short and forking generally slightly above the middle of the eyes. Eyes rounded, slightly straight at lower margin, medium in size, protruding to the sides and slightly above the vertex ( Rehnitettix with almost pedunculated eyes (Fig. 130C)), occupying one-third of the cephalic capsule. Lateral ocelli between the middle part or close to the upper margin of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus close to the lower margin of the scutellum. Antennal groves at the level of the lower margin of the eyes, antennae usually mid-sized, as long as the mid femur or longer, with 12 or 13 segments ( Andriana has some flattened segments, especially the distal ones). Last three segments of palpi flattened, and the first two short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 126C, 129C, 131B). In lateral view, frons almost straight; medial carinae not protruding beyond the eyes, slightly tapering (Figs. 126A, 129A); anterior margin of the vertex truncated, dorsum without fossulae (Figs. 126B, 129B).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum slender or robust, moderately granulated ( Guntheritettix gen. nov. with conspicuous granules on the pronotal disc (Figs. 136A, 137A, 138C)), surpassing the tip of the abdomen and apex of the hind femur. Pronotal disc with a straight anterior margin and a pointed or truncated posterior margin, dorsally variable, with several modifications: almost flat, raised promedial projection like a spine on the median carina in the prozone (Figs. 126A, 127B), internal lateral and median carinae projected or wavy (Figs. 128A, 129A), or bearing conspicuous spine-like projections of the lateral carinae (Figs. 131A, 132A). Lateral lobes of pronotum quadrangular in lateral view, lower edge well projected to the sides, with acute apex (Figs. 128B, 129B, 132B); tegminal sinus absent; infrascapular area thin and of variable length, projecting between the second or third abdominal segment, or reaching close to the apex of abdomen; lateral area slightly wider than the infrascapular area, arising above the dorsal undulation of the infrascapular area, projecting to the apex of the pronotum in lateral view; if with modifications, such as undulations or spines, lateral area wide in those sections, subtly simulating the upward curvature of those structures. Wings. All known species winged; tegmina ovoid and short, at rest, almost or completely covered by the dorsal half of the pronotum (Figs. 128A, 129A). Hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum or slightly exceeding it. Legs. Fore and mid femur elongated and thin, with dorsal and ventral margins almost straight and carinated. Hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth developed, with external surface without tubercles or lappets. Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first segment of the hind tarsi longer than the third one. Pulvilli of posterior tarsi rounded. Abdomen. Male: last segments, between eighth and ninth, moderately constricted. Subgenital plate cupuliform, as long as or slightly longer than the last abdominal sternite, with apex rounded, angled, or pointed. Cerci conical. Female: epiproct ovoid or subtriangular. Subgenital plate mainly triangular, with the posterior edge rounded or angled. Ovipositor valves narrow, with serrulations of medium length; inferior valves not conspicuously covered by the lateral edges of the subgenital plate.</p><p>Genera included.  Guntheritettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.,  Andriana Rehn, 1929,  Bara Rehn, 1929,  Eurybiades Rehn, 1929,  Holocerus Bolívar, 1887,  Hybotettix Hancock, 1900,  Notocerus Hancock, 1900,  Rehnitettix Günther, 1939, and  Silanotettix Günther, 1959 .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar (Maps 9–12).</p><p>Remarks. This tribe includes nine genera with 19 species, which in the past was considered the group of “  Metrodorinae of Madagascar ”. Several species have colorful bodies that, in some cases could be aposematic and that, unfortunately, do not preserve in museum specimens. The taxa with the most conspicuous spines are  Eurybiades,  Holocerus, and  Notocerus, known as pygmy devil’s grasshoppers (Skejo et al. 2020). Others have humps like  Guntheritettix gen. nov. or undulations like the other genera.</p><p>The genera included here are well described in Rehn (1929) and Günther (1939, 1959), so it is not necessary to redescribe any of them. A key for identifying the genera is provided below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF1804A69FDEC477FC1CFAD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF1E04A49FDEC608FA5FF92F.text	542B87FDFF1E04A49FDEC608FA5FF92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guntheritettigini Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Key to genera of  Guntheritettigini,  trib. nov.</p><p>1. Medial projection on the median carina of the pronotum raised, resembling a prominent spine (Fig. 127A) or undulation (Fig. 128A), generally conical............................................................................... 2</p><p>- Medial projection absent (Figs. 132A, B), and same section of the pronotal disc flat or with a low undulation (Figs. 131A, 133A).............................................................................................. 7</p><p>2. Undulation of the medion carina (promedial projection) as a pyramidal spine, curved upwards; lateral carinae with conspicuous spine-like projections (Fig. 126A, 127B)................................................................... 3</p><p>- Promedial projection and lateral carinae as a crest or undulation, never as sharp spines (Fig. 128A, 129A)............... 4</p><p>3. Promedial projection and lateral carinae moderately prolonged, pyramidal, and practically erect (Fig. 126A).......  Andriana</p><p>- Promedial projection and lateral carinae prolonged as upcurved spines (Figs. 127A, B), which, together, seem like a tricorne armature (Fig. 127C).........................................................................  Eurybiades</p><p>4. Promedial projection poorly elevated (Figs. 128A, 129A), and lateral carinae elevation narrow, robust species............ 5</p><p>- Promedial projection elevated as the half or as the lateral carinae (Fig. 130A); elevation of the lateral carinae wide, slender species (Fig. 130B).................................................................................... 6</p><p>5. Promedial projection as tall as undulation of the lateral carinae (Fig. 128A). Tegmina yellowish (Fig. 128A) and sometimes the anterior margin of the pronotum yellowish as well (Fig. 128B).........................................  Hybotettix</p><p>- Promedial projection lower than the undulation of the lateral carinae (Fig. 129A). Tegminae and pronotum with similar coloration as the body (Fig. 129B).....................................................................  Bara</p><p>6. Eyes protruding noticeably upwards and to the sides, almost pedunculated (Fig. 130C). Median carina of pronotal disc not forming a crest; lateral carinae moderately elevated (Fig. 130A)........................................  Rehnitettix</p><p>- Eyes moderately protruding. Median carina of the pronotal disc forming a narrow and laterally flattened crest at the level of the meso and metanotum; lateral carinae superficial and poorly elevated....................................  Silanotettix</p><p>7. Hump present and conspicuous, with noticeable tubercles and lateral carinae arising towards the sides of the hump (Fig. 136A, B, 138B, C).......................................................................  Guntheritettix gen. nov.</p><p>- Hump absent, lateral carinae raised as a conspicuous spine (Figs. 131A, 132A, 133A)............................... 8</p><p>8. Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting and curving towards the front, the base of lateral carinae as wide as a half of the hind femur (Figs. 131A, C). Slender specimens..........................................................  Holocerus</p><p>- Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting upward without curving towards the front, and wider than the previous genus, the base of lateral carinae as wide as maximum wide of the hind femur (Figs. 132A, 133A). Moderately robust specimens (Fig. 135A)......................................................................................  Notocerus</p><p>Genera  Holocerus Bolívar, 1887 and  Notocerus Hancock, 1900</p><p>Remarks. As evidenced in the taxonomic key of the tribe  Guntheritettigini trib. nov., the genera  Holocerus and  Notocerus are most similar, but the former is slender and the spinous projections of the lateral carinae are thinner (Fig. 131), curved towards the front, and less divergent than  Notocerus . Rehn (1929) further adds that  Holocerus has sub-pedunculated eyes (Fig. 131B) and a prehumeral tubercle in the median carina of the pronotum, the bicornuate processes have a slightly rounded apex (Fig. 131A), not pointed like  Notocerus .</p><p>In the past, a problem was caused by a misidentification of species of the genus  Holocerus . The species described as  Holocerus taurus Rehn, 1929, in fact correspond to  Holocerus lucifer (Serville, 1838), and what Rehn (1929) considered  H. lucifer corresponds to a recently described species (Skejo et al., 2020). Additionally, when we review  Holocerus devriesei, it best fits the diagnostic characteristics of  Notocerus . However,  H. devriesei has the prehumeral tubercle (sensu Rehn, 1929). It may not be a unique character of  Holocerus . The structure of the specimens presented in live photos (see: Skejo et al., 2020, but the authors did not provide figures or draws of the type specimens (Fig. 133)), no differences are evident with the structure of the spiny projections of  Notocerus cornutus Hancock, 1900 (Fig. 132), therefore  Holocerus devriesei is transferred to  Notocerus here. In this way, status of both genera is reversed (Figs. 133, 134, 135),  Holocerus remains monotypic (Fig. 131), and  Notocerus has two species. The figure of  H. lucifer from Rehn (1929) is different from the figures provided by Skejo et al. (2020). If the specimens studied by Rehn were examined, they could possibly be a yet-to-be-described  Holocerus —  Notocerus species.</p><p>Key to species of the genera  Holocerus and  Notocerus</p><p>1. Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting and curving towards the front, the base of lateral carinae as wide as a half of the hind femur. Slender specimens (Fig. 131).........................................................  Holocerus lucifer</p><p>- Lateral carinae of the pronotum projecting upward without curving towards the front, and wider than the previous genus, the base of lateral carinae as wide as maximum wide of the hind femur. Moderately robust specimens (Figs. 132, 133, 134, 135). ( Notocerus).......................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Prehumeral tubercle on the midline of the pronotum absent, with more uniform coloration, without conspicuous black spots (Figs. 132A, B). Last segments of the abdomen of females constricted, without exceeding the apex of the hind femur (Fig. 132A).....................................................................................  N. cornutus</p><p>- Prehumeral tubercle on the midline of the pronotum present (Figs. 133A, 134A, 135A), generally greenish, with black spots, and the posterior margin of the spiniform projections of the lateral carina reddish or orange (Figs. 134, 135). Last segments of the abdomen of females not constricted, exceeding the apex of the hind femur (Fig. 135A)........  N. devriesei comb. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF1E04A49FDEC608FA5FF92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF6204D29FDEC51AFC2AF934.text	542B87FDFF6204D29FDEC51AFC2AF934.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notocerus devriesei (Skejo, Medak, Pavlovic, Kitonic, Miko & Franjevic 2020) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Notocerus devriesei (Skejo, Medak, Pavlović, Kitonić, Miko &amp; Franjević, 2020),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 133–135)</p><p>Holocerus devriesei 
Skejo et al., 2020: 8 . Holotype. Male. MADAGASCAR: Toamasina: Analamazaotra (Map 10).  Depository: MNCN, catalogue number MNCN_Ent 26936.</p><p>Remarks. Here a new combination is proposed for the reasons given above.</p><p>Genus  Guntheritettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Notocerus formidabilis Günther, 1974, here designated.</p><p>Description. Body robust and with surface granulated (more conspicuous in the anterior half of the pronotal disc) (Figs. 136A, B, 137A, B). Head little exserted. In frontal view, vertex as wide as 2.5 times the width of an eye, anteriorly rounded, slightly lower than the eyes; medial and lateral carinae not elevated; frontal costa bifurcation a little above the middle of the eyes; scutellum narrow, fascial carinae slightly elevated; antennal groves located slightly lower than the lower margin of the eyes, in the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae; antennae incomplete in all known specimens; lateral ocelli placed between the middle of the eyes, near the middle length of each branch of the fascial carinae; medial ocellus located close to the lower margin of the scutellum; palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 136C, 137C). In lateral view, face almost straight; carinae of the vertex not produced between the eyes; fastigio-fascial angle truncated; fascial carinae slightly emerging between the antennae, not surpassing the pedicelus length and rounded, above and below slightly sinuated; eyes mid-sized, rounded, with rounded dorsal surface, ventral margin somewhat straight and more elevated than vertex (Figs. 136A). Thorax. Pronotum reaching or exceeding the apex of the abdomen; dorsally with a large and almost straight anterior edge and slightly truncated apex; humeral spots absent; pronotal disc with a conspicuous hump in the middle section of the pronotum, covered by conspicuous and subconical granules (some specimens may have moderately developed granules, others very conspicuous and almost pointed); median carinae poorly visible; metalateral projections (humeral angles or shoulders) surpassing the apices of the lateral lobes (Fig. 137A). Lateral lobes of pronotum quadrangular, lower edge flattened and projected to the sides, triangularly rounded produced, with acute apex; posterior margin of lateral lobes with a mid-undulation (Fig. 137B); infra-scapular area short and narrow ending at the level of the first to second abdominal segments; lateral area extending to the apex of the pronotum and wider than the infrascapular area in lateral view (Fig. 137A). Wings. Tegmina ovoid and hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum (Fig. 136A). Legs elongated, with the dorsal and ventral margin slightly wavy, almost straight (Fig. 137A). Hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth developed. Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; first segment of the hind tarsi longer than the third one (Fig. 137B). Abdomen. Last segments, between the eighth and ninth, moderately constricted; cerci conical; penultimate sternite mid-sized, almost as long as the subgenital plate, slightly rounded in lateral view; subgenital plate triangular-shaped in ventral view, slightly upcurved, almost straight, and apex pointed-angulated.</p><p>Female. Similar in shape and size to the male, a little more robust (Figs. 136, 138), differing in ambisexual characters:thin ovipositor valves, with the ventral margin almost straight, and the dorsal margin slightly curved, armed with small serrulations (Figs. 136A, 138A). Subgenital plate rectangular, with the posterior margin rounded.</p><p>Species included.  Guntheritettix formidabilis (Günther, 1974),  comb. nov. only.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar (Map 9).</p><p>Comparison. The morphology of the pronotum mainly differentiates the genera of this tribe.  Notocerus s. str. has similarities in the extension of the lateral carina, forming conspicuous triangular spines similar to  Holocerus . Although  Eurybiades shares similarity in this character, it has an additional spine near the anterior margin of the pronotum, on the median carina, absent in  Notocerus and  Holocerus but present in  Andriana (with moderate development) and as an undulation in  Bara,  Hybotettix, and  Rehnitettix .  Guntheritettix gen. nov. is distinguished from the other genera of the tribe by its robust appearance and the impressive hump in the mesal section of the pronotal disc, armed with conspicuous tubercles and metalateral projections. This is not observed in the other genera. Only  Silanotettix have a crest on the same region, laterally flattened, differing from the striking hump of the new genus. The new genus is differentiated from  Notocerus s. str. because they do not have the hump or conspicuous tubercles. In addition, the last segments of the abdomen of the females of  N. cornutus are conspicuously constricted, and the valves of the ovipositor, although thin, are thicker than  Guntheritettix gen. nov. The scapular area is narrower in  Notocerus s. str. than in the new genus.</p><p>Remarks. This new genus is proposed due to the differences observed with  Notocerus cornutus (type species of  Notocerus) and  Guntheritettix formidabilis (originally included in  Notocerus).</p><p>MAP 9. Distribution of  Andriana,  Guntheritettix gen. nov. and  Eurybiades species.</p><p>MAP 10. Distribution of  Holocerus and  Notocerus species.</p><p>Etymology. This genus is dedicated to the memory of the illustrious orthopterist Klaus Günther, who extensively studied tetrigids from different world regions. It adds the ending - tettix, common in many genera of pygmy grasshoppers. The gender of the name is being established as neuter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF6204D29FDEC51AFC2AF934	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF6A04D39FDEC46CFCB5F80D.text	542B87FDFF6A04D39FDEC46CFCB5F80D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Guntheritettix formidabilis (Gunther 1974) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Guntheritettix formidabilis (Günther, 1974),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 136–139)</p><p>Notocerus formidabilis 
Günther, 1974: 000. Holotype. Female. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Marojejy National Park,  Mt. Beondroka. Depository: MNCN.</p><p>Remarks. This species has striking yellowish, purple, and brown colors, highlighting the yellow or ocher color of the tubercles on the hump (Fig. 139). The striking coloration is not preserved in the few museum specimens representing this species (Mathieu et al., 2021).</p><p>MAP 11. Distribution of  Hybotettix,  Rehnitettix and  Silanotettix species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF6A04D39FDEC46CFCB5F80D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF6804D19FDEC697FD48F85E.text	542B87FDFF6804D19FDEC697FD48F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tumbrinckitettigini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Tribe  Tumbrinckitettigini Cadena-Castañeda,  trib. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Tumbrinckitettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.</p><p>Description. Body slender and elongated; small to medium size (11–23 mm.). Head little exserted. In frontal view, face ovoid, a little taller than wide; upper margin of the vertex almost at the same level of the lateral carinae, the last one slightly elevated; fastigium moderately concave; medial and lateral carinae not elevated; vertex wide, as wide as 1.5 to 2 times of the width of an eye. Scutellum very narrow and short, reaching only a third (or less) of the height of the face; frontal costa short, with bifurcation usually a little above the middle of the eyes. Eyes rounded, slightly straight at the lower margin, medium in size, protruding slightly above the vertex and towards the sides, occupying a quarter of the cephalic capsule. Lateral ocelli placed between the middle part or close to the upper margin of the eyes, near the base from where each branch of the fascial carinae diverges; medial ocellus close to the lower margin of the scutellum. Antennal groves located at level of the lower margin of the eyes; antennae usually mid-sized, as long as or longer the mid femur, with 12–14 segments. Palpi with last three segments flattened, first two segments short and nearly cylindrical (Figs. 140B, 141D, 144C, 147C, 148C). In lateral view, face almost straight; medial carinae not protruding beyond the eyes, slightly tapering; anterior margin of the vertex truncated, dorsum without fossulae (Figs. 142A, 144A). In dorsal view, vertex wide, with medial carina present, slightly protruding, not projecting forward (Figs. 141C, 142B, 144B, 147B). Thorax. Pronotum slender, moderately granulated, mostly surpassing the tip of the abdomen and apex of the hind femur; pronotal disc with a straight anterior margin and a pointed or truncated posterior margin, dorsally flat in most species. Lateral lobes of the pronotum quadrangular in lateral view (Figs. 141A, 144A), lower margin well projected to the sides; in dorsal view, they project as sharps and straight spines (in few taxa, the spines curve towards the front) (Figs. 141C, 147B, 148B), and few taxa do not have developed spines, but triangular and with acute apex (Figs. 143C, 144B); tegminal sinus absent or poorly developed; infrascapular area moderately thickened and projecting between the second or fourth abdominal segment; lateral area slightly narrower than the infrascapular area, arising above the dorsal undulation of the infrascapular area, projecting to the apex of the pronotum in lateral view (Figs. 141B, 143A). Wings. Developed or absent. In winged species, tegmina short and ovoid, mainly covered by the pronotum (Figs. 141B, 143A, 144A); hind wings reaching the apex of the abdomen. Legs. Fore and mid femur elongated and thin, with the dorsal and ventral margins almost straight and carinated. Hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth developed, external surface without tubercles or lappets. Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; first segment of the hind tarsi longer than the third one. Pulvilli of posterior tarsi rounded. Abdomen. Male: last segments, between the eighth and ninth, moderately constricted. Subgenital plate cupuliform, as long as or slightly longer than the last abdominal sternite, with angled and pointed apex. Cerci conical. Female. Epiproct ovoid or subtriangular, with a dorsal midline. Subgenital plate mainly triangular, with the posterior edge rounded or angled. Ovipositor valves narrow; inferior valves, without being conspicuously covered by the lateral edges of the subgenital plate (Figs. 141A, 148A).</p><p>Genera included.  Tumbrinckitettix Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Tavares,  gen. nov.,  Charagotettix Brancsik, 1893,  Hovacris Rehn, 1929,  Oxytettix Rehn, 1929, and  Cryptotettix Hancock, 1900 .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar (Maps 12 and 14).</p><p>MAP 12. Distribution of  Oxytettix,  Hovacris and  Cryptotettix species.</p><p>Remarks. This tribe includes five genera with 18 species. Günther (1959) differentiated them from the other “  Metrodorinae of Madagascar ”, mentioning that they have a scelimeloid shape due to their slender shape and the spines on the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum. The other genera from Madagascar (here placed in the tribe  Guntheritettigini trib. nov.) were amorphopoid or metrodoroid shaped. The genera included here were well described or redescribed by Rehn (1929) and Günther (1959, 1974). So, it is not necessary to redescribe any of them. A key to the genera is provided below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF6804D19FDEC697FD48F85E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF6C04C89FDEC5DAFA5FFD61.text	542B87FDFF6C04C89FDEC5DAFA5FFD61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tumbrinckitettigini Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Key to genera of  Tumbrinckitettigini</p><p>1. Body slender (Figs. 140, 141, 142, 143); space between the eyes in a frontal view as wide as half of an eye (Figs. 140B, 141D, 142D, 143B). Mostly winged species; pronotum generally noticeably surpassing the apex of the abdomen and the hind femora (Figs. 141A, 142A).................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Body generally robust (Figs. 144, 145, 146); space between the eyes in a frontal view as wide as 1.5 to 2 times the width of an eye (Figs. 144C, 145C, 146C, 147C, 148C). Apterous species (except  Hovacris (Fig. 144A)). Pronotum not surpassing the abdomen or the apex of the hind femora................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Lateral lobes of pronotal disc always projecting laterally into conspicuous and almost straight spines (Figs. 140C, 141C). Body without stripes and covered by small, and usually yellowish points (Figs. 140, 141)..........................  Oxytettix</p><p>- Lateral lobes of the pronotal disc with variable shapes: triangular or projected into medium-sized spines (Figs. 142B, 143C), which can be horizontal or hook-shaped uncinated. Body generally with stripes and points not noticeably contrasted with the coloration of the body (Figs. 142, 143)...........................................................  Cryptotettix</p><p>3. Pronotal disc almost flat with slightly elevated undulations (4 to 5 undulations) (Fig. 144A), external lateral carinae finely denticulate (Fig. 144B); wings fully developed (Fig. 144A).............................................  Hovacris</p><p>- Pronotal disk without dorsal undulations; external lateral carinae smooth; wings absent.............................. 4</p><p>4. Median carina of the pronotum rising and forming a hump on the anterior half of the pronotal disc (Figs. 145A, 146A). Lateral lobes of the pronotum usually with a triangular spine at the apex (Figs. 145B, 146B). Hind femur with spiny lappets on the dorsal margin, and ventrally with small, barely visible, rounded lappets (Figs. 145A, 146A)...............  Charagotettix</p><p>- Median carina of the pronotum not rising and not forming humps (Figs. 147A, 148A). Lateral lobes of the pronotum with a sharp and thin spine at the apex (Figs. 147B, 148B). Hind femur without lappets (Figs. 147A, 148A)..................................................................................................  Tumbrinckitettix gen. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF6C04C89FDEC5DAFA5FFD61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF7704CF9FDEC181FAD6FB91.text	542B87FDFF7704CF9FDEC181FAD6FB91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tumbrinckitettix impennis (Gunther 1939) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Tumbrinckitettix impennis (Günther, 1939),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 147, 148)</p><p>Cryptotettix impennis 
Günther, 1939: 196 . Lectotype, here designated. Male. MADAGASCAR, Toamasina,  Antongil Bay . Depository: NMW.</p><p>Remarks. This species was described with three males and two females deposited in NMW (Günther 1939). The male deposited in Vienna is selected as the lectotype (Fig. 147). The two remaining females and two males are selected as paralectotypes. According to the images on OSF, there is a male deposited in MTKD, with the same data as the original description, but with code DORSA D021XM01, which, like the specimens from Vienna, has the label “Cotypus”; possibly some of the syntype specimens from the original description were sent to MTKD.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF7704CF9FDEC181FAD6FB91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF7704C69FDEC7F7FD25FB37.text	542B87FDFF7704C69FDEC7F7FD25FB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hildegardiinae Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Subfamily  Hildegardiinae Cadena-Castañeda,  subfam. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Hildegardia Günther, 1974 .</p><p>Description. Body robust (Figs. 149–154). Face elongated, rectangular, taller than wide. Vertex as wide as one of the eyes (Figs. 149C, 150C, 151C, 152C). Antennae elongated, with 12–13 segments, more than twice the length of the middle femur; scape and pedicels thickened, strong, and poorly articulated; most antennomeres with extensions at their apex that protrude laterally (Figs. 153A, B, 154A, B); antennal groves located at the level of the lower margin of the eyes. Medial and lateral carinae of the vertex not produced, fascial carinae reaching about the middle of the face, branches running parallel in frontal view; in lateral view rounded and slightly projected (Figs. 149C, 150C, 151C, 152C). Eyes ovoid and narrow in lateral view, rising slightly above the anterior margin of the pronotum (Figs. 150A, 151A, 152A); ocelli very diffuse and poorly differentiated, especially the lateral ones (Fig. 149C, 150C, 151C, 152C). Pronotum broad, and brachypronotal, ending in a wavy edge, leaving half or a third of the abdomen visible; lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum slightly projected to the sides and rounded or slightly angled in dorsal view (Figs. 149B, 150B, 151B, 152B, 154B). Median carina of the pronotal disc somewhat arched in the shoulder region or along its entire length; tegminal sinus, tegmina, and hind wings absent (Figs. 150A, 151A, 152A). Fore and mid legs slightly widened, with some small sawteeth or blunt lobes on the lower margin and usually also on the upper ones; first tarsomere of hind leg conspicuously elongated, usually longer than mid and hind tarsi together. Valves of the ovipositor protruded from the terminalia, narrow and smoothly denticulate (Figs. 150A, 154A).</p><p>Tribes included. Tribe  Hildegardiini trib. nov. only.</p><p>Comparission.  Hildegardiinae subfam. nov. differs from the other subfamilies currently constituted by the following characters: 1) The fascial carinae is very narrow; the other groups tend to have some degree of divergence, and few taxa have a similar appearance. 2) The vertex is moderately narrow and constitutes a complete anterior margin, the medial or lateral carinae are not protruding. A similar shape is observed in some species of the genus  Tetrix Latreille, 1802 . 3) Practically almost all tetrigids have developed ocelli, which vary in their position, but in this new subfamily, the ocelli are diffuse, reduced, and almost invisible. This is a character that allows easy distinction between the other subfamilies. 4) The antennal groves are wider than the average for the family, the scape and pedicellus are conspicuously thickened, and the other segments of the antenna are poorly articulated, with extensions at the apex from the fifth segment. This morphology of the antenna is not comparable with other known genera of tetrigids. 5) The antennae have 12–13 segments; a similar number have been found in  Mucrotettigina stat. nov.,  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov. and some  Cladonotinae s. l. However, the structure of the antenna is different. These taxa have few segments in the antenna; likewise, the length is short, barely exceeding the middle femur.  Hildegardiinae subfam. nov., despite having fewer antennal segments than the family’s average, these are elongated and exceed almost twice the length of the middle femur. 6) The pronotum is rugose, and the apex is truncated, not covering the abdomen completely. Such shape of pronotum is similar to taxa from different groups, mainly  Procytettix Bolívar, 1912 and  Amphinotus Hancock, 1915 . However, the distributional closest forms are  Isandrus Rehn, 1929, and  Storozhenkoium gen. nov. 7) The lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum are not conspicuously projected to the sides but rather moderately projected, like some  Tetriginae . 8) The first tarsal segment of the hind leg is longer than the third, differentiating it from the  Metrodorinae, where  Hildegardia is included to date. This character behaves stably in most American  Metrodorinae, which is included in its comparison here. 9) The ovipositor valves are slender. This must be due to the shape and place of posture, which must differ from other taxa with more robust valves. Thin valves are also similar in  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov. and in American  Garciaitettigini trib. nov. Although the ovipositor of the  Hildegardiinae subfam. nov. stands out more at its base than in these last two taxa.</p><p>Remarks. This new subfamily is proposed since the grouped taxa have several characteristics in common that differentiate it from  Metrodorinae and the other subfamilies currently defined, as previously mentioned. The taxa are endemic to the islands of Mauritius and Reunion. On these islands, there are already examples of suprageneric taxa that are endemic, for example, the family  Pyrgacrididae (Acridoidea) (Eades, 2000; Hugel, 2005, 2014), and in the Malagasy region, the subfamily  Malgasiinae ( Mogoplistidae: Grylloidea) (Gorochov, 2014). These areas have had long isolation that has allowed the diversification of these taxa. In this new subfamily, a single monogeneric tribe with three species is included, described below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF7704C69FDEC7F7FD25FB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF7E04C49FDEC66DFDA9F912.text	542B87FDFF7E04C49FDEC66DFDA9F912.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hildegardiini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Tribe  Hildegardiini Cadena-Castañeda,  trib. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Hildegardia Günther, 1974 .</p><p>Description. Body robust, small to medium size (7.5–13). Head little exserted. In frontal view, face rectangular, and taller than wide; vertex anteriorly truncated into a structure almost at the level of the upper edge of the eyes; medial and lateral carinae not elevated; vertex as wide as the width of an eye or slightly wider. Scutellum narrow and, with the fascial carinae, reaching about half the height of the face; frontal costa fork originating in the middle of the eyes. Eyes small, ovoid, slightly straight at the lower margin, not conspicuously protruding upwards or to the sides, occupying one-fifth of the cephalic capsule. Ocelli diffuse and poorly differentiated, especially the lateral ones, located in the middle of the eyes; median ocellus tiny, close to the scutellum’s lower margin. Antennal groves broad and situated at the level of the lower margin of the eyes (Figs. 149C, 150C, 151C, 152C, 153C, 154C); antennae elongated, with 12–13 segments, twice as long as the mid femur, with thickened scape and pedicels, solid and poorly articulated; most antennomeres with extensions at their apex that protrude laterally (Figs. 153A, B). Segments of the palps slightly widened and moderately flattened. In lateral view, face almost straight; medial carinae not protruding beyond the eyes, slightly tapering (Fig. 149A, 150A, 151A, 152A); anterior margin of the vertex truncate, and dorsum without fossulae (Figs. 149B, 150B, 151B, 152B). Thorax. Pronotum thick, broad and robust, conspicuously granular; anterior edge straight or slightly prolonged in the middle, covering about half of the abdomen; posterior margin truncated with three deep undulations (Figs. 149B, 150B, 151B, 152B, 154B); median carina of the pronotal disc forming a laterally flattened crest, slightly arched in the anterior region or along its entire length; inter humeral and humero-apical carinae developed and visible; dorsal surface of the pronotum rough with several oblique and transverse undulations or extensions. Lateral lobes of pronotum quadrangular in lateral view, lower margin moderately projecting to the sides, with rounded or somewhat angled apex; tegminal sinus absent; scapular area wide and occupying a good part of the lateral surface of the pronotum; lateral area undeveloped (Figs. 150A, 151A, 152A). Wings absent. Legs. Fore and mid femur slightly widened, with some small serrated teeth or blunt lobes mainly on the lower edges and also on the upper ones. Hind femur with some teeth on the upper and lower edges, additionally with foliate teeth on the ventro-external carina, which undulates more conspicuously in the middle and at the distal end of the lower ridge of its outer medial part; antegenicular and genicular teeth conspicuously developed (Figs. 149A, 150A, 154A). Hind tibia scarcely ampliated near the apex; the first segment of the hind tarsi longer than the third one. Abdomen. Male: last segments (eighth and ninth) moderately constricted (Figs. 149A, 149B, 152A). Subgenital plate cupuliform, as long as or slightly longer than the last abdominal sternite, and with a developed midline and angled apex (Fig. 153D). Cerci subcylindrical and moderately thin. Female: last abdominal segment more or less short and stocky, blunt in lateral view. Epiproct lanceolate, with angled apex (Figs. 150B, 151B, 154D). Subgenital plate quadrangular, with a small medial prolongation. Valves of the ovipositor protruded from the terminalia, narrow and smoothly denticulate (Figs. 150A, 154D).</p><p>Genera included.  Hildegardia Günther, 1974 only.</p><p>Distribution. Mauritius and Reunion islands (Map 13).</p><p>Remarks. The species included in this new tribe have an incredible appearance, different from the other taxa of the family. The morphology of the antennae is unique, but at the time, Günther (1974) suggested that the most similar were the antennae of  Kraengia Bolívar, 1909 ( Scelimeninae:  Discotettigini), but it is a superficial similarity. He also suggested a possible relationship between  Hildegardia and  Hyperyboella Günther, 1938 ( Batrachideinae:  Bufonidini), a genus whose antennae were unknown, so their comparison was incomplete.</p><p>Additionally,  Hildegardia species camouflage themselves among the lichens and bryophytes of these islands (see: Hugel, 2014, fig. 2b) with green colorations and gray or greenish-black spots. Other specimens may have brown coloration, with cream spots, which could simulate bark or rocks (Fig. 155). This coloration is not preserved in museum specimens, so this aspect had not been recorded before Hugel’s contributions (2007, 2014).</p><p>Genus  Hildegardia Günther, 1974</p><p>Hildegardia Günther, 1974: 1000 .</p><p>Type species:  Hildegardia mauritiicola Günther, 1974, by original designation.</p><p>Remarks. This genus consists of three species:  Hildegardia mauritiivaga Günther, 1974,  H. mauritiicola, Günther, 1974, and  H. reuniivaga Hugel, 2007 . A key to species is given below.</p><p>Key to species of  Hildegardia (modified from Hugel, 2007, 2014)</p><p>1. Antennae with 12 segments. Pronotum anterior lateral carinae absent or hardly visible (Figs. 149B, 150B). Anterior margin of pronotal disc slightly pronounced towards the front, median carina rising in a ridge, from the anterior to posterior margins of the pronotum (Figs. 149A, 150A). Medial area of the hind femur without lateral foliate processes or spiny but with small lappets (Figs. 149B, 150B). From Mauritius Island (Maps 13C, E).........................................  H. mauritiicola</p><p>- Antennae with 13 segments. Pronotum anterior carinae short but distinct. Anterior margin of pronotal disc straight, with the median carina rising in a crest in the first half of its extension. Medial area of the hind femur with lateral processes foliate or spiny............................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Antennae median articles distally with long spiny protrusions. Dorsal carina of the fore femur with at least two lobes/spines (Figs. 151B, 152A). From Mauritius Island (Maps 13C, E)........................................  H. mauritiivaga</p><p>- Antennae median articles distally with short blunt protrusions (Figs. 153A, B). Dorsal carina of the fore femur wavy in lateral view, without distinct spine or lobe (Figs. 153B, 154B). La Reunion Island (Maps 13C, D).................  H. reuniivaga</p><p>MAP 13. Distribution of  Hildegardia species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF7E04C49FDEC66DFDA9F912	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF7D04FF9FDEC660FC5AFA9E.text	542B87FDFF7D04FF9FDEC660FC5AFA9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterotettigini Cadena-Castaneda 2025	<div><p>Tribe  Pterotettigini Cadena-Castañeda,  trib. nov.</p><p>Type genus:  Pterotettix Bolívar , 1887.</p><p>Description. Body robust, depresssed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 156, 158, 160), small to long size (5–17 mm). Head little exserted. In frontal view, face quadrangular, noticeably taller than wide; upper margin of the vertex at the same level as the lateral carinae; fastigium rounded; medial carina not elevated; lateral carinae moderately elevated (Figs. 156C, 157C, 160B) (lateral carinae moderately to markedly elevated and with horns only in  Tetticerus stat. resurr. (Figs. 158C, 159C)), slightly exceeding the eye level, slightly more elevated than the medial carina; vertex 1.5 to 2 times as wide as an eye. Scutellum narrow; frontal costa mid-sized, reaching a third (or a little more) of the height of the frons, with bifurcation in the middle of the eyes. Eyes rounded, with lower margin slightly straight, small-sized, slightly protruding above the vertex and to the sides, occupying a quarter or a fifth of the cephalic capsule. Lateral ocelli placed between the upper margin of the eyes, near the medium length of the fascial carinae; medial ocellus situated close to the lower margin of the scutellum. Antennae groves located lower than the lower margin of the eyes, about half the length of the fascial carinae; antennae usually mid-sized, as long as the mid femora or longer, with 13 or 14 segments. Palpi with all segments flattened (Figs. 156C, 157C, 158C, 159C, 160B). In lateral view, front almost straight; medial carinae not protruding beyond the eyes, slightly tapering; anterior margin of the vertex moderately concave, and dorsum without fossulae (Figs. 156A, 158A, 159A, 160A). In dorsal view, vertex wide, medial carina present, protruding very little, without projecting towards the front (Figs. 156B, 157B, 158B, 159B, 160C). Thorax. Pronotum robust and granulated, exceeding the tip of the abdomen; pronotal disc, with a straight or rounded anterior margin and a pointed posterior apex, covering the last abdominal segments (Figs. 156B, 157B, 158B, 159B, 160C). Pronotal disc with conspicuous elevations and undulations of the midline of the pronotum in lateral view (Figs. 156A, 158A, 159A, 160A). Lateral lobes of pronotum quadrangular in lateral view, lower margin projecting laterally, obliquely truncated (Figs. 156B, 157B, 158B, 159B), rarely acute (thorn-shaped in  Ocytettix (Fig. 160C)); humeral angle rounded and narrow; infrascapular area wide, more conspicuous in wingless taxa, and reaching close to the apex in lateral view (Figs. 156A, 158A, 159A, 160A). Wings, if present, with tegmina short and ovoid and hind wings reaching the apex of the pronotum (only  Tetticerus stat. resurr. and  Pterotettix are winged) (Figs. 156A, 158A, 159A). Legs. Fore and middle femur carinated; dorsal and ventral margins undulated; hind femur with antegenicular and genicular teeth developed; outer face mostly with lappets (Figs. 156A, 158A, 159A, 160A). Abdomen. Male: eighth and ninth segments moderately constricted. Subgenital plate cupuliform, sometimes lanceolate, and as long as or longer than the last abdominal sternite; apex of the subgenital plate rounded or angled, and with the pointed apex. Female: epiproct mostly lanceolate and with a medial groove. Subgenital plate variable in shape, mainly triangular, and with a small distal projection. Ovipositor valves with normal development (not thin as in other Malagasy taxa), inferior valves not covered by the lateral edges of the subgenital plate (Figs. 157A, 159A, 160A).</p><p>Genera included.  Pterotettix Bolívar, 1887,  Tetticerus Hancock, 1900, stat. resurr., and  Ocytettix Hancock, 1907 .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar (Map 14).</p><p>Remarks. This tribe includes three genera with five species, superficially resembling the  Discotettigini ( Scelimeninae) from Southeast Asia. A key to genera is given below.</p><p>MAP 14. Distribution of  Pterotettigini trib. nov. and  Charagotettix species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF7D04FF9FDEC660FC5AFA9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF4704FF9FDEC6C5FA5FF8B7.text	542B87FDFF4704FF9FDEC6C5FA5FF8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterotettigini Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Key to genera of  Pterotettigini</p><p>1. Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum produced into a conspicuous spine (Fig. 160C). Midline of the pronotum and anterior section of the pronotal disc rising into a hump (Fig. 160A). Wings absent...........................  Ocytettix</p><p>- Lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum subtriangular, rounded, or acute but not produced as a prolonged spine (Figs. 156B, 158B). Midline of pronotum slightly wavy or forming two conspicuous crests (Figs. 156A, 158A, 159A). Wings present.............................................................................................. 2</p><p>2. Lateral carinae of the vertex of similar height to the median carina (Figs. 156C, 157C). Midline of the pronotum elevated (Fig. 156A, 157A), and the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum obliquely truncated, rarely pointed (Figs. 156B, 157B).......................................................................................  Pterotettix</p><p>- Lateral carinae of the vertex conspicuously protruding in the form of two “horns” (Figs. 158C). Midline of the pronotum elevated into two conspicuous crests (Figs. 158A, 159A), and the lower margin of the lateral lobes of pronotum acute (Figs. 158B, 159B).......................................................................  Tetticerus stat. resurr.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF4704FF9FDEC6C5FA5FF8B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF4404FC9FDEC75FFE0CF9F0.text	542B87FDFF4404FC9FDEC75FFE0CF9F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterotettix andrei Bolivar 1887	<div><p>Pterotettix andrei Bolívar, 1887</p><p>(Fig. 156)</p><p>Pterotettix andrei  Bolívar, 1887: 245. Lectotype, here designated. Male. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Nosy Be [Nossi Bé].  Depository: MNCN (catalog number 138 and code MNCN _Ent 375463).</p><p>Amorphopus simplex Brancsik, 1893: 185 . Synonymized under  Pterotettix andrei by Günther (1939: 187).</p><p>Remarks.  Pterotettix andrei Bolívar, 1887 is not a synonym of  Pterotettix asmodaeus (Serville, 1838) . Günther (1939) proposes the synonymy of the two species. However, the same author later rectified his opinion (Günther 1974), differentiating between them and clarifying their distribution.  P. andrei was originally described apparently with a single male specimen, although París (1994) reports two male syntypes. The same situation occurred with  Miriatra producta and other species, of which several type specimens are recorded by París (1994), despite Bolívar (1887) providing measurements for only one specimen.Additional measurements were provided only if the described species included both sexes. To protect and maintain the stability of the name of this species, the male specimen is selected here as the lectotype (Fig. 156). The male specimen with catalog number 139 and code MNCN_Ent 375464 is selected as paralectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF4404FC9FDEC75FFE0CF9F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF4404FD9FDEC5D7FC83FCAF.text	542B87FDFF4404FD9FDEC5D7FC83FCAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterotettix belphegor (Serville 1838)	<div><p>Pterotettix belphegor (Serville, 1838)</p><p>(Fig. 157)</p><p>Tetrix belphegor 
Serville, 1838: 760 . Holotype. Female. MADAGASCAR.  Depository: MNHN.</p><p>Tetticerus belphegor: Kirby, 1910: 23.</p><p>Pterotettix humilis 
Günther, 1939: 188 . Syntypes. Males. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Diego Suarez. Depository: MNHN. syn. nov.</p><p>Pterotettix alluaudi 
Günther, 1939: 189 . Holotype. Female. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Diego Suarez. Depository: MNHN. syn. nov.</p><p>Remarks.  Pterotettix humilis is a synonym of  Pterotettix belphegor . Both species morphologically match each other, a suspicion initially raised by Günther (1939) and later confirmed by the same author (Günther, 1974). However, the synonymy was not officially recognized, and it was interpreted as if the synonymy had been established under  P. humilis, which is the opposite. We made it official here to clarify the status of both taxa (Fig. 157).  Pterotettix alluaudi Günther, 1939, has been considered valid, but Günther (1974) suggests that it could be a brachypronotal form of  P. andrei . However, with further examination of the species,  P. alluaudi is considered a synonym of  P. belphegor, being similar in measurements and varying in the undulation of the midline of the pronotal disk and the apex of the lower margins of the lateral lobes, which can be variable in some pygmy grasshopper species (Zha et al., 2016).</p><p>Genus  Tetticerus Hancock, 1900, stat. resurr.</p><p>Tetticerus Hancock, 1900: 2 .</p><p>Pterotettix: Günther, 1939: 186.</p><p>Type species:  Tetticerus bigibbosus Hancock, 1900, by original monotypy.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was synonymized by Günther (1939) under  Pterotettix by comparing the descriptions of both taxa, he found no differences, especially in the comparison between  Pterotettix andrei and  Amorphopus simplex . In this contribution, both genera were revisited and separated by the characters mentioned in the key to genera of  Pterotettigini trib. nov., differentiated by characters of the head and pronotum. The lappets of the hind femora are most conspicuous in  Tetticerus stat. resurr. than in  Pterotettix .</p><p>Species included.  Tetticerus bigibbosus Hancock, 1900 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF4404FD9FDEC5D7FC83FCAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF4504FD9FDEC094FE0DFB33.text	542B87FDFF4504FD9FDEC094FE0DFB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetticerus bigibbosus Hancock 1900	<div><p>Tetticerus bigibbosus Hancock, 1900, comb. resurr.</p><p>(Figs. 158, 159)</p><p>Tetticerus bigibbosus 
Hancock, 1900: 39 . Syntypes. Females and male. MADAGASCAR: Toamasina:  Antongil Bay . Depository: ANSP, MHNG.</p><p>Pterotettix bigibbosus: Günther, 1939: 188; Günther, 1974: 965.</p><p>Remarks. This species was transferred to  Pterotettix by Günther (1939), but here we return it to  Tetticerus based on the reasons given above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF4504FD9FDEC094FE0DFB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF5304EB9FDEC601FED1F8C8.text	542B87FDFF5304EB9FDEC601FED1F8C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Storozhenkoium nymphula (Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Storozhenkoium nymphula (Bolívar, 1912), comb. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 166, Map 16)</p><p>Ocytettix nymphula  Bolívar, 1912: 265. Lectotype, here designated. Female. SEYCHELLES,  Silhouette Island . Depository: NHMUK.</p><p>Remarks. This species was described based on a female and a male, although París (1994) reports many more specimens considered as syntypes, of which three males and five females are deposited in London (NHMUK), and 18 syntypes in Cambridge (DZUC). Faced with the scenario of so many specimens that could represent different species, the female deposited in London with collection code NHMUK 010924447 is selected as the lectotype (Fig. 166), with the remaining specimens becoming paralectotypes. This species is recorded on both Silhouette Island (type locality and where it is sympatric with  S. pupulus comb. nov.) and on Mahé Island (see OSF photos of alive specimen).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF5304EB9FDEC601FED1F8C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF5304EB9FDEC03EFE1CFADB.text	542B87FDFF5304EB9FDEC03EFE1CFADB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Storozhenkoium pupula (Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025) Cadena-Castañeda & Quintana-Arias & Infante & Silva & Tavares 2025	<div><p>Storozhenkoium pupula (Bolívar, 1912), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 164, 165, Map 16)</p><p>Ocytettix pupulus Bolívar, 1912: 264. Lectorype, here designated. Female. SEYCHELLES, Silhouette Island. Depository: NHMUK.</p><p>Remarks. Apparently, this species was described based on a female and a male, although París (1994) reports a male and a female deposited in London (NHMUK), and additional specimens from the Cambridge collection (DZUC). The female deposited in London with collection code NHMUK 010924448 is selected as the lectotype, as most of the original description was based on it, and it was the specimen depicted in the plate of the original description (Fig. 164). The male with code NHMUK 010924447 is selected as paralectotype, with the same locality data as the female (Fig. 165).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF5304EB9FDEC03EFE1CFADB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF5004E89FDEC388FE1EF803.text	542B87FDFF5004E89FDEC388FE1EF803.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorinae Bolivar 1887	<div><p>About  Metrodorinae s. str.</p><p>According to the morphological and comparative studies conducted in this contribution, a new scheme for the classification of the subfamily and its tribal organization is proposed, focusing primarily on American and Malagasy taxa. Taxa from Asia and Oceania will be the subject of future studies to complete the overview of this contribution. At the moment, American taxa are considered  Metrodorinae s.s., as they share general characters that were mainly proposed since the time of Bolívar and remain constant, unlike taxa from the Old World.</p><p>An important contribution to the definition of the subfamily  Metrodorinae was the work of Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012). There, an interesting morphological study was conducted to delimit the species  Allotettix simoni (Bolívar, 1890) and  Allotettix peruvianus (Bolívar, 1887), with a detailed morphological description of the former, including the last nymphal instar. Additionally, they provided a molecular characterization and analysis of phylogenetic relationships, which resulted in  Metrodorinae not being monophyletic; its diagnostic characters are homoplastic and cannot separate the subfamily from other established ones. Although the authors did not focus on phylogenetic relationship analysis, their findings shed light on the taxonomic challenges to be faced in the future. It is understandable that at the time of publication of that contribution, species identification was still complicated, as they pointed out in their article, and as also evidenced by our own experience at the beginning of our first contributions to Neotropical tetrigids (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015; Silva et al., 2019a).</p><p>To understand the impact of the contribution of Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012), it was necessary to analyze the taxa studied by them, which involved  Tetrix ceperoi (Bolívar, 1887),  Tetrix depressa Brisout de Barneville, 1848 (in 2012, this species was still included in  Depressotetrix Karaman, 1960),  Paratettix meridionalis (Rambur, 1838),  Paratettix pullus Bolívar, 1887 ( Tetriginae),  Allotettix simoni and  Metrodora sp. ( Metrodorinae). The phylogenetic relationship of the taxa was interpreted as ( Allotettix ( Tetrix +  Depressotetrix) + ( Metrodora +  Paratettix)). Here, we transferred  Allotettix to the subfamily  Tetriginae, which is supported by the  Tetrigidae clade presented by Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012), and that would be a clade with taxa from  Tetriginae except for  Metrodora sp.</p><p>All the species studied by Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012) are distinguishable in the photographs of the tree (Pavón-Gonzalo et al., 2012: 164), except  Metrodora sp., which is a crucial taxon as it represents a possible new species, identified within the type genus of  Metrodorinae . So, verifying the identification of  Metrodora sp. is essential. Unfortunately, there was no photograph of the specimen in the paper, and it was based on a single adult male specimen from “El Portachuelo,” Aragua, Venezuela. Attempts were made to trace the possible deposition of this single specimen in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Spain, and the Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola Francisco Fernández Yépez (MIZA), Venezuela. Still, it was not found in either of the two entomological collections (Mercedes París (MNCN) and José Clavijo (MIZA), pers. comm.). Contact was made with the papers’ authors, and a kind response was received from Mario García-París, who informed us that “unfortunately, there are no photographs of the specimen, and it should be in the entomological collection of Venezuela (MIZA).” This suggests that the sole specimen of  Metrodora sp. is lost, leaving us with difficulty. Unfortunately, the identity of this important specimen cannot be verified, and likewise, the non-monophyly of  Metrodorinae cannot be confirmed either.</p><p>As mentioned before, identifying Neotropical tetrigids is still not easy. When Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012) conducted their research, it was even more challenging due to the limited bibliographic and photographic information available back then. Nowadays, significant contributions have been made, refining the taxonomy of American tetrigids further, and much bibliographic and photographic information can be accessed through the internet, available on platforms like OSF, or with the assistance and availability of curators from various entomological collections. As well-known and as discussed in this contribution and others, many morphological convergences are observed in  Tetrigidae, and genera from different subfamilies can be confused or misidentified, exacerbated by the poor descriptions of many taxa. This could possibly have occurred in the identification of  Metrodora sp. (Pavón-Gonzalo et al., 2012); it might have been misidentified with a species of  Tetriginae present in northern South America (between Panama and St. Vincent Island), such as  Micronotus quadriundulatus (Redtenbacher, 1892) (see Cadena-Castañeda et al., 2021), which superficially could be confused with  Metrodora s. l. This hypothesis could explain the relationship between species of  Paratettix with  Metrodora sp. nov. in the phylogenetic hypothesis by Pavón-Gonzalo et al. (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF5004E89FDEC388FE1EF803	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF5104EE9FDEC3C0FE8BFD77.text	542B87FDFF5104EE9FDEC3C0FE8BFD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorini	<div><p>The tribe  Metrodorini and its subtribes</p><p>This tribe was recently delimited by Kasalo et al. (2023a), who synonymized the tribes  Miriatrini and  Mucrotettigini under  Metrodorini . Here, these tribes are proposed as subtribes that are well differentiated according to what is provided in the diagnoses and keys. When verifying these characteristics, it is evident that the head characters tend to be similar to those of  Metrodorina stat. nov. and  Mucrotettigina stat. nov., but other characters, such as the number of antennal segments and pronotal characters, are useful in separating these taxa and not keeping a tribe with many genera without providing a more comprehensive and ordered organization.</p><p>It is evident that knowledge about the taxonomy of  Tetrigidae has been incipient. For a long time, there were no contributions from much of the world, mainly from America. At the beginning of this century and its second decade, there was not enough information as we have today. Very few people have taken on the task of contributing to the  Tetrigidae family and other taxa. Moreover, it is worth mentioning Silva et al. (2019a) that, even not having a complete picture at that time of the classification of  Mucrotettigini (although similar to some metrodorines), preferred to keep it within  Cladonotinae, while the taxonomy of the subfamilies was refined since almost all the genera were originally described as cladonotines by Perez-Gelabert et al. (1998). Therefore, the decision of Silva et al. 2019a should not be considered a “failure”, as mentioned by Kasalo et al. (2023a); the tribes that Silva et al. (2019) described only remained within the subfamily  Cladonotinae awaiting future contributions. In the same way that other authors did, it is important to avoid making drastic changes without a complete picture or enough evidence. For instance, Adžic et al. (2020) preferred to keep the tribes  Thoradontini and  Criotettigini outside of  Scelimeninae ( Tetrigidae). This position is valid and conservative and seeks to reduce noise in the classification. Still, if the status of  Thoradontini and  Criotettigini is resolved in the future, it would not be correct to mention that the authors “failed” to exclude those tribes from the subfamily in which they traditionally grouped once they followed the information and evidence available at the time.</p><p>Mucrotettigina stat. nov. groups the Antillean metrodorine taxa, although very similar to  Metrodorina stat. nov. (most continental taxa).  Mucrotettigina stat. nov. is only represented by wingless species—although they had winged ancestors, such as †  Electrotettix, the wings disappear in the descendants. This subtribe apparently had rapid radiation, somewhat more significant than that of the continental taxa, and maybe a different clade than the two continental subtribes (Heads, 2009; Heads et al., 2014; Silva et al., 2019a).</p><p>Kasalo et al. (2023a) proposed keeping  Eleleus Bolívar, 1887 within  Cladonotinae (without tribal assignment) due to the non-development of the vertex carinae, in contrast to the other genera with which it was previously associated. Nevertheless, the development of the vertex carinae can be variable, very conspicuous like  Miriatra, or moderate like  Metrodora . However,  Hottettix has an organization of the vertex carinae similar to  Eleleus, which would conflict with the proposal of Kasalo et al. (2023a). Additionally,  Eleleus curtus has the first and third segments of the hind tarsus of subequal lengths (Pavón-Gonzalo et al., 2012). Unfortunately, there are no additional specimens in better condition of  E. curtus Bolívar, 1887. Until this change, little progress can be made in the placement of this taxon, which could be a  Metrodorinae, since  Cladonotinae from continental America has not been reliably recorded.</p><p>Metrodorina stat. nov. includes most taxa of continental metrodorines. This contribution provides a similar taxonomic treatment as the Antillean taxa of  Mucrotettigina stat. nov., which resulted in the division and description of additional genera. Now,  Metrodorina stat. nov. groups eight genera in contrast to eleven recent ones of  Mucrotettigina stat. nov. (not counting the two fossil genera), being the greatest generic diversity in the insular region. Unlike the insular ones, the continental subtribes tend to have greater numbers of antenomeres. This character has proven to be useful in differentiating the subtribes, and it also varies in some subfamilies, so it should be integrated as much as possible into the descriptions of new taxa and redescriptions of others.  Metrodorina stat. nov. is widely distributed from southern Brazil to Nicaragua, the known species tend to be robust, wingless, and with little capacity for dispersion, so surely the number of taxa currently known must be more significant since several distributional gaps persist.</p><p>Miriatrina stat. nov., the second and least diverse of the continental subtribes, contains three genera with seven species, mainly Amazonian and with one species present in the Andes of Colombia. This taxon has gone through several configurations. First, it was a tribe that grouped the majority of  Metrodorinae s. l. with pronounced fastigium (Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015). Later, it was proposed as a monogeneric tribe (Silva et al., 2017), and finally, it was synonymized by Kasalo et al. (2023a). Here, it is proposed as a well-differentiated subtribe within  Metrodorini, the only one with winged taxa of the tribe, which, although having a prolonged fastigium, fulfills the diagnostic characteristics of the tribe, in terms of the organization and development of the carinae of the vertex.</p><p>The tribe  Metrodorini is the most diverse and rich group of  Metrodorinae s. str., likewise the one with the broadest distribution and the only one with a presence on the continent and in the Antilles. This is curious since almost all of them are wingless, and the disappearance of wings has occurred independently multiple times, and winged species remaining rare. Possibly, the dispersion of the tribe occurred since ancient times, and it is possible Antillean colonization could have happened in a similar way as has been indicated for the tribe  Otteiini ( Phalangopsidae), which has a similar distribution of island taxa from Central America (Cadena-Castañeda et al., 2021c). This contrasts with the Kasalo et al. (2023a) hypothesis, which suggested the colonization occurred via South America, citing Iturralde-Vinent &amp; MacPhee (1999). Still, the proposal of these authors works for the origin and distribution of taxa from the Lesser Antilles, which did emerge from South America, unlike the Greater Antilles, which originated in another way (Pindell, 1994; Gordon et al., 1997; Iturralde-Vinent, 2004). Therefore, the proposal by Kasalo et al. (2023a) is probably not feasible since there is no presence of  Metrodorini in the Lesser Antilles, and they were actually referring to the colonization of the current distribution of island taxa, which are between Cuba and Hispaniola.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF5104EE9FDEC3C0FE8BFD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
542B87FDFF5704EC9FDEC2C5FE4BFB87.text	542B87FDFF5704EC9FDEC2C5FE4BFB87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metrodorinae Bolivar 1887	<div><p>About  Metrodorinae s. l.</p><p>The  Metrodorinae s. l. are the taxa currently included within the subfamily, which were grouped in the Old World after this contribution. Like many of the tetrigid taxa, a revision of the genera is necessary to understand the composition of the taxonomic diversity, concentrating mainly in Southeast Asia. The study of the taxa is beginning progressively; here, we contribute with the Malagasy taxa, from which two new subfamilies of very particular morphology were proposed,  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov. (two tribes, 14 genera and 34 species) from Madagascar, and  Hildegardiinae subfam. nov. (one tribe, one genus, and three species) from Mauritius and the Reunion Islands. Both subfamilies proposed here as new are evidence of the need to review the  Metrodorinae s. l., which in this case diversified in isolated sites of the Indian Ocean.</p><p>Hildegardiinae subfam. nov. is notably differentiated from the rest of the world tetrigids, inhabiting Mauritius and Reunion. Of the three known species, the most morphologically related are  H. mauritiivaga and  H. reuniivaga, from different islands, as indicated by their specific epithets. The opposite of what might be expected happens with  H. mauritiivaga since it inhabits the same island as  H. mauritiicola . However, they are different from each other (Hugel, 2007; 2014). The differentiation of this subfamily is evidenced in the comparison section of this contribution, ruling out, for now, its affiliation with  Batrachideinae or  Scelimeninae, as Günther (1974) suggested. Once it does not fit into the definition of these two subfamilies, nor into that of  Metrodorinae s.s., designate  Hildegardiinae subfam. nov. as a new subfamily was necessary. The species of this new subfamily camouflage themselves with lichens and bryophytes of these islands, adding this to the peculiar morphology that characterizes them (Hugel, 2014). Mauritius, Reunion, and Rodriguez Islands are part of the Mascarene Islands, small islands that host a high degree of endemism and that are also vulnerable to anthropogenic dynamics that can easily harmfully affect the biodiversity if there is not adequate conservation of their ecosystems, unique on the planet (Hugel, 2015; Florens, 2013a, b). The only genus included,  Hildegardia was dedicated by Günther (1974) to his beloved wife, who had died shortly before. Klaus Günther would probably be happy that this vow of his love for his beloved wife was included in its own subfamily.</p><p>The members of  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov. are distinguished by various characters, as mentioned in the comparison of the original description. Some of the members of this subfamily, especially the tribe  Guntheritettigini trib. nov., were considered as the group of “  Metrodorinae of Madagascar,” so their possible differentiation from other suprageneric taxa was hypothesized (Günther, 1939, 1959, 1974; Devriese, 1991; Skejo et al., 2020). In addition, the spine-like ornament of the lateral carinae is admirable, which can vary into notable undulations, as well as conspicuous humps (Rehn, 1929; Devriese, 1991; Günther, 1959). Some species are colorful, something unusual in tetrigids (Skejo et al., 2020). The pygmy grasshoppers of the tribe  Tumbrinckitettigini trib. nov. are thinner, unlike the other tribe of the subfamily; they are easily differentiated because of their slenderer bodies, and it is expected to observe conspicuous spine-like projections on the lateral lobes of the pronotum. Some of the taxa were considered to have a scelimeloid shape (Rehn, 1929; Günther, 1959, 1974), which is something interesting for future phylogenetic proposals to compare with the  Scelimeninae . It is worrying that the notable diversity of tetrigids in Madagascar (that is higher than in some continental areas) is being affected by the high deforestation of the island, which can push the extinction of members of this and other wonderful biological groups of the place (Harper et al., 2008; Suzzi-Simmons, 2023) Most species have not been recorded since the original description, which was sometimes made with very old specimens (Rehn, 1929, 1937). This may be due to the little material collected in Madagascar or the possible disappearance of many of these species, which would be tragic and pushes us to document biodiversity before it completely disappears (Ralimanana et al., 2022; Suzzi-Simmons, 2023).</p><p>In Madagascar and adjacent islands, there are still tetrigids that remain in  Metrodorinae s. l. (Cigliano et al. 2024). They do not fit the definition presented here for the subfamily or the other subfamilies recorded for the area. For example, the tribe  Pterotettigini trib. nov. does not fit the definition of  Guntheritettiginae subfam. nov., but it has similarities with Asian taxa, so it is not advisable to propose a new subfamily for this group until its relationship with Asian taxa is clarified. Furthermore,  Arexion is a genus that is not included in any tribe but shares characteristics with  Spartolus (Rehn 1929), which leaves doubt of possible transoceanic colonization. If so,  Arexion, as a monotypic genus, prevails in Madagascar, in contrast to the highly diversified  Ophiotettigini in Southeast Asia (Tumbrinck &amp; Skejo, 2017).</p><p>In addition to the proposed tribes defined here for  Metrodorinae s. l., two well-defined tribes are found in Asia:  Clinophaestini and  Ophiotettigini .  Clinophaestini groups two monotypic genera from Myanmar and Thailand (possibly also occur in Laos and southern China). Their robust appearance and peculiar antennae distinguish them. They were originally included in the subfamily  Tripetalocerinae (Storozhenko, 2013) and were recently moved to  Metrodorinae by Tumbrinck &amp; Skejo (2017). The recently established subfamily  Ophiotettigini consists of six genera, of which the most diverse is  Ophiotettix Walker, 1871 (pygmy giraffe-hoppers), with 43 species (Tumbrinck &amp; Skejo, 2017). The  Ophiotettigini are distributed mainly in Southeast Asia, and additional taxa should be incorporated in the future, each time refining the classification of the tribes of this region. Apart from these two tribes, there is also Cleotrastini, a tribe that must be reevaluated, and with taxa outside Asia (Silva et al., 2017), grouping eleven genera (except  Metopomystrum, now with its own tribe). Also, numerous genera without tribal affiliation must be reviewed and delimited.</p><p>In Oceania, the diversity of  Metrodorinae s. l. is smaller compared to the other continents, hosting some species of  Amphinotus (Melanesia Islands, not including New Guinea) and  Austrohyboella Rehn, 1952 (Australia). According to the OSF (Cigliano et al., 2024), the genera not included in any subfamily but that were originally included in  Metrodorinae that also inhabit Australia are:  Cyphotettix Rehn, 1952,  Peronotettix Rehn, 1952, and  Euloxilobus Sjöstedt, 1936 (Rehn, 1952; Sjöstedt, 1936). Therefore, at least four genera are found in the continental area and two more in the adjacent islands. Probably, with future studies, these taxa should be reassigned and redefined.</p><p>Possibly, the  Metrodorinae in Africa are absent. Although some African taxa are still placed in this subfamily, many of these are included in Cleotrastini or are not in any other tribe and must be reassigned to other subfamilies (Cadena-Castañeda, in prep.). In this way, taxa from other subfamilies, such as  Tetriginae or  Cladonotinae s. l. are the most predominant in the faunas of Africa and Oceania, reinforcing our hypothesis of American distribution of the  Metrodorinae s. l.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/542B87FDFF5704EC9FDEC2C5FE4BFB87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando;Infante, Ivette Coque;Silva, Daniela Santos Martins;Tavares, Gustavo Costa	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Quintana-Arias, Ronald Fernando, Infante, Ivette Coque, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Tavares, Gustavo Costa (2025): Studies on pygmy grasshoppers: On the current Metrodorinae sensu lato classification (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with emphasis on American and Malagasy taxa. Zootaxa 5597 (1): 1-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5597.1.1
