identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
58138794EA3C2B2CFCB6F9978D04FB88.text	58138794EA3C2B2CFCB6F9978D04FB88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum	<div><p>Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa</p><p>Fée (1845) was the first to present a treatment of Elaphoglossum (as Acrostichum). He knew only two species that are now recognized in subsect. Muscosa: A. muscosum Sw. and A. gardnerianum Kunze. These he placed within his scaly group, Polylepideae. Under the name Acrostichum, Sodiro (1893) cited four species of the ones currently recognized in subsect. Muscosa from Ecuador: A. bellermannianum Klotzsch, A. corderoanum Sodiro, A. muscosum Sw., and A. yatesii Sodiro. These he placed in the group Polylepidia, along with all species with densely scaly blades. Christ (1899) placed most of the species that are here recognized as part of the subsect. Muscosa in his “Ordo” Stenoneura (plants lacking hydathodes), “Sectio” Lepidoglossa, “Subsectio” Polylepidea, “Divisio” Muscosa and Bellermanniana. In his “Divisio” Muscosa he included E. muscosum (Sw.) T.Moore, E. cuspidatum (Willd.) T.Moore, E. lepidotum (Willd.) J.Sm., and E. tomentosum (Bory) T.Moore (the three last species do not belong to subsect. Muscosa as recognized here, but were included in the “Divisio” by Christ because of their short-ciliate blade scales). The bulk of the species that are here recognized as part of subsect. Muscosa were placed by Christ within his “Divisio” Bellermanniana: E. bellermannianum (Klotzsch) T.Moore, E. corderoanum (Sodiro) Christ, E. engelii (H.Karst.) Christ, E. lehmannianum Christ, and E. yatesii (Sodiro) Christ. Christ (1899) placed E. gardnerianum (Kunze ex Fée) T.Moore within the “Ordo” Condyloneura (species with hydathodes), “Sectio” Gymnoglossa, “Subsectio” Pilosa, “Divisio” Gardneriana . This placement seems strange and was probably due to the fact that Christ did not see the type of this species (although he cites some collections from Brazil that correspond to E. gardnerianum). Mickel &amp; Atehortúa (1980) recognized and formally described subsect. Muscosa, including within it nine species: E. aschersonii Hieron., E. bellermannianum, E. blandum Rosenst., E. corderoanum, E. decipiens Hieron., E. engelii, E. lehmannianum, E. muscosum, and E. plicatum (Cav.) C.Chr. (this last species does not belong to subsect. Muscosa as circumscribed by this study). They stated that some of Christ’s groups, including “Divisio” Gardneriana, were of unknown relationships with their subsections. This was again probably because they did not have access to the type of this last species and were following Christ’s opinion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA3C2B2CFCB6F9978D04FB88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA3F2B29FFFFF9C78AA8FF1F.text	58138794EA3F2B29FFFFF9C78AA8FF1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum	<div><p>Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa Mickel &amp; Atehortúa</p><p>Elaphoglossum subsect. Muscosa Mickel &amp; Atehortúa (1980) 62. — Type: Acrostichum muscosum Sw. [= Elaphoglossum muscosum (Sw.) T.Moore].</p><p>Plants epiphytic, terrestrial or saxicolous. Rhizome short- to long-creeping, erect or compact; rhizome scales orange to dark brown, basally attached (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), entire to long-ciliate, marginal teeth acicular. Sterile leaves (4.5–)10 –55(– 63) cm long, approximate to 2 cm apart, erect; phyllopodia present (sometimes obscured by the petiole base); petiole scaly, scales flat, marginal teeth acicular; lamina simple, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse (less frequent acute); veins free, simple to 2-forked; hydathodes absent; laminar scales frequently different from those of the rhizomes or the petioles, abundant to scattered, base sessile or stalked, marginal teeth acicular. Fertile leaves longer, with narrower blades, and proportionally with longer petioles than the sterile leaves; intersporangial scales generally present. Spores (55–)70– 90 µm, monolete, green, with papillae or irregular deposits.</p><p>Key to the species of</p><p>Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa</p><p>1. Larger petiole scales ciliate, the teeth well differentiated from the body, often as long as or longer than the width of the scale (especially in the distal half of the scale)........ 2</p><p>1. Larger petiole scales entire, denticulate, erose, or laciniate, the teeth when present often shorter than the width of the scale (especially in the distal half of the scale)........ 9</p><p>2. Petioles 1/6 –1/3 the length of the sterile leaves. — Brazil ............................... 5. E. gardnerianum</p><p>2. Petioles 2/5 – 2/3 the length of the sterile leaves. — Guatemala, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia ....................... 3</p><p>3. Abaxial laminar scales present, funnel-shaped throughout (without flattened body), patent, the base inrolled; petiole and laminar scales of the sterile and fertile leaves when bicolorous with dark apex (including the cilia) and lighter base and point of attachment......... 7. E. laxisquama</p><p>3. Abaxial laminar scales present or absent, when present round, ovate, oblanceolate, or lanceolate with the body flat, slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina, the base cordate or stalked; petiole and laminar scales of the sterile and fertile leaves when bicolorous mottled or with dark centre or point of attachment, and lighter margin and cilia (those never darker than the centre of the scale)............ 4</p><p>4. Abaxial laminar scales absent or present but not imbricate............................................. 5</p><p>4. Abaxial laminar scales present, imbricate............ 6</p><p>5. Abaxial costal scales pointing forward to the apex or at right angles, slightly elevated, orange to dark-brown or mottled with lighter margin or darker at the point of attachment; intersporangial scales absent........ 6. E. glabrescens</p><p>5. Abaxial costal scales pointing forward to the apex, not elevated, dark-brown to black; intersporangial scales present............................ 10. E. novogranatense</p><p>6. Rhizomes compact; spores without ridges.............................................14. E. ruficomum</p><p>6. Rhizomes short- to long-creeping; spores with ridges... 7</p><p>7. Rhizome scales denticulate; abaxial costal scales pointing forward to the apex, becoming spreading towards the base, not elevated, always darker and very well differentiated from the laminar scales................. 12. E. oreophilum</p><p>7. Rhizome scales denticulate to more commonly ciliate; abaxial costal scales pointing forward to the apex or more typically at right angles, slightly elevated, generally the same colour or slightly darker than the laminar scales...... 8</p><p>8. Rhizome scales ciliate, cilia up to 0.4 mm long; spores with irregular deposits. — Central and South America......................................... 4. E. engelii</p><p>8. Rhizome scales denticulate to ciliate, cilia up to 0.6 mm long; spores papillate. — Dominican Republic .................................... 13. E. quisqueyanum</p><p>9. Rhizome scales denticulate to ciliate, teeth numerous, 0.2– 0.6 mm long.................. 13. E. quisqueyanum</p><p>9. Rhizome scales entire to denticulate, teeth absent to sparse, less than 0.2 mm long................... 10</p><p>10. Rhizomes long-creeping; leaves 1–2 cm apart...... 11</p><p>10. Rhizomes compact, erect, or short-creeping; leaves approximate to 1 cm apart........................ 12</p><p>11. Rhizomes 3– 5 mm wide; petiole and abaxial laminar scales with the cells of the body differentiated with the central portion formed of irregular, isodiametric cells, and the broad border formed of elongated cells that have their long axis perpendicular to that of the scale (use magnification), laciniate to long-ciliate............. 12. E. oreophilum</p><p>11. Rhizomes 1–3 mm wide; petiole and abaxial laminar scales with isodiametric cells, erose to ciliate.... 15. E. yatesii</p><p>12. Abaxial laminar scales (at least some) highly dissected, the cilia longer than the width of the scale; larger petiole scales oblanceolate to ovate; spores papillate, ridged 13</p><p>12. Abaxial laminar scales absent or present, when present, lanceolate to round (without well-developed cilia), when ciliate, the cilia as long as or less than the width of the scale; larger petiole scales linear-lanceolate to lanceolate; spores papillate, without ridges.................. 14</p><p>13. Laminar scales 0.5– 2.5 mm; abaxial costal scales light-brown. — Ecuador .............. 3. E. corderoanum</p><p>13. Laminar scales 0.2 –0.5 mm; abaxial costal scales dark-brown or mottled with white margin. — Peru .......................................... 11. E. oculatum</p><p>14. Abaxial costal scales oblanceolate to round; abaxial laminar scales absent to scattered, when present never obscuring the surface of the laminae; small petiole scales not obscured by the larger ones, not imbricate; phyllopodia easily seen, not obscured by the basal petiole scales....................................... 1. E. aschersonii</p><p>14. Abaxial costal scales lanceolate to round; abaxial laminar scales absent to dense, when present sometimes obscuring the surface of the laminae; small petiole scales mostly obscured by the larger ones, imbricate; phyllopodia usually obscured by the petiole-base scales.............. 15</p><p>15. Abaxial costal scales of sterile and fertile leaves mostly basally sessile, thus the scale body not elevated above the surface of the lamina; rhizome scales with acuminate apex; petiole and laminar scales usually bicolorous or mottled with white margin...... 2. E. bellermannianum</p><p>15. Abaxial costal scales of sterile and fertile leaves mostly basally stalked, thus the scale body elevated above the surface of the lamina; rhizome scales with filiform apex (often broken); petiole and laminar scales usually concolorous, when bicolorous only darker at the point of attachment 16</p><p>16. Rhizome scales orange to dark-brown, denticulate, the teeth 0.1– 0.2 mm long. — Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador ................ 8. E. lehmannianum</p><p>16. Rhizome scales reddish orange, entire or occasionally denticulate, the teeth when present less than 0.1 mm long. — Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Brazil 9. E. muscosum 169</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA3F2B29FFFFF9C78AA8FF1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA3A2B25FFFFF82D8AFEF9FA.text	58138794EA3A2B25FFFFF82D8AFEF9FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum bellermannianum (Klotzsch) T. Moore	<div><p>2. Elaphoglossum bellermannianum (Klotzsch) T.Moore — Fig. 1b, 3; Map 3</p><p>Elaphoglossum bellermannianum (Klotzsch) T. Moore (1857a) 352.— Acrostichum bellermannianum Klotzsch (1847) 426. — Type: Moritz 259 (lecto, designated here,B; iso HBG n.v.(photo P ex HBG), LE n.v., US), Venezuela, Aragua, Colonia Tovar, [10°23'N, 67°21'W], s.d.</p><p>171</p><p>Elaphoglossum blandum Rosenst.(1913) 476.— Type: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.78333/lat -16.4)">Buchtien</a> 3456 (lecto S, designated here;iso B, US), Bolivia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.78333/lat -16.4)">North Yungas</a>, Polo Polo bei Coroico, [16°24'S, 67°47'W], 1100 m, Oct.–Nov. 1912.</p><p>Elaphoglossum atropunctatum Mickel (1991) 124. — Type: Smith &amp; Canne 5835 (holo MO), Peru, Pasco,Prov.Oxapampa, 2–4 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.533334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.75/lat -10.533334)">Mallampampa</a>, 10°32'S, 75°45'W, 2200–2400 m, 22 Jan. 1984.</p><p>Elaphoglossum fuliginosum Mickel (1992) 374.— Type: Taylor &amp; Taylor 11339 (holo NY; iso US), Costa Rica, San José, c. 3 km NW of Cascajal near the union of the Cascajal and Bajo Maquina Rivers, [10°04'N, 83°57'W], 30 July 1972.</p><p>Plants epiphytic. Rhizome 4– 6 mm wide, compact to short-creeping; rhizome scales 5 –10 mm long, linear-lanceolate, brown, lustrous, subentire, with small teeth, base truncate, apex acuminate. Sterile leaves (6–)10– 30(– 40) cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 5–16 cm long, 2/5–1/2 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 2– 5 mm long, scattered to dense, spreading, lanceolate, light brown to dark brown or mottled, darker at the point of attachment, margin lighter, erose to almost entire, base cordate, apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.3–1.5 mm long, scattered to dense, appressed, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate to round, from light brown to black or mottled with lighter margin, darker at the point of attachment, erose to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; lamina 6 –17 by 1.5 –4 cm, oblong to oblanceolate, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to truncate, apex obtuse; veins c. 1 mm apart, at an angle of 75° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.5–2 mm long, scattered, lanceolate to round, white, occasionally getting dark at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 0.5 –2 mm long, scattered, slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina, lanceolate to round, brown to black or mottled with lighter margin, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales same as the laminar ones, mostly sessile, thus the scale body not elevated, pointing forward to the apex or at right angles; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 3/4 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves but the larger ones more spreading; lamina (2.5 –)5 –13 by 1.1– 2 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate, apex acute to obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, dense, lanceolate to round, white to light brown, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.3 –1 mm long, scattered, not elevated, lanceolate to round, brown to black, ciliate, base stalked, apex acute; intersporangial scales c. 1 mm long, scattered, lanceolate, brown to black or mottled with lighter margin, ciliate, base stalked, apex acute. Spores papillate, without ridges.</p><p>i 5 mm a g h 1 cm 1 mm e f 0.2 mm d 5 cm c b 2 mm 1 mm</p><p>Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; 1000 –3000 m. Epiphytic in montane forests.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, above Lechería on Volcán Poás, [10°11'N, 84°13'W], 2290 m, 30 July 1932, Stork 3371 (UC, US). Cartago, Irazú West, [9°58'48"N, 83°50'60"W], 2000 m, 8 Sept. 1908, Brade 184 (NY, UC). Guanacaste, entrance to Finca Montecristo, off. rt. 113, 1800 m, 28 July 1983, Moran 3309 (CR, F, MO, NY). Limón, Cordillera de Talamanca,Atlantic slope, valle del Silencio along the Río Terbi, 0.5 –1.5 airline km W of the Costa Rican-Panamanian border, 9°08'N, 82°57'W, 9 Sept. 1984, Davidse et al. 28772 (MO). Puntarenas, Cantón de Coto Brus, Z.P. Las Tablas, cuenca Terraba-Sierpe, orillas de la quebrada Surú, 8°58'30"N, 82°46'15"W, 1960 m, 11 Feb. 1999, Rojas et al. 4899 (CR, INB, NY). San José, Cantón de Desamparados, Cordillera de Talamanca, El Empalme, 9°43'20"N, 83°57'20"W, 2 Oct. 1994, Rojas 1551 (CR, INB, UC). – PANAMA, Chiriquí, vic. of Casita Alta, Volcán de Chiriquí, [8°48'N, 82°32'W], 28 June–2 July 1938, Woodson et al. 823 (MO, NY, US). – DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Ázua, Cordillera Central, Valle del Yaque, 1550 m, 5 Oct. 1929, Ekman 13682 (S). La Vega, c. 17 km S of Constanza, vía El Convento, on road to San José de Ocoa, at Arroyo La Siberia, 18°50'N, 70°42'W, 1600 m, 24 July 1980, Mejía 7604 (MO, NY). Peravia, Loma Los Palos Mojados, NNW de El Bejucal, en la cabecera del Río El Canal, 18°37.5'N, 70°35'W, 1700 m, 4 Aug. 1982, Zanoni et al. 22314 (JSBD, NY). San Juan, along Bao river, upper Bao valley, headwaters of Bao river, [19°01'N, 70°59'W], 1700 m, 1–7 Oct. 1968, Liogier 12878 (NY). – COLOMBIA, Antioquia, vereda Los Patos, camino hacia el Páramo de Santa Ines, 6°37'07.8"N, 75°40'43.8"W, 2590 m, 30 July 2005, Vasco 561 (HUA, MO, NY). Boyacá, Chiquinquirá, bosque detrás del Cuartel, [5°37'N, 73°49'W], 2675 m, 12 Oct. 1967, Jaramillo-Mejía et al. 3474 (COL). Caldas, Mun. Manizales,Monteleón,Cordillera Central, 2250 m, 24 Mar.1984, De Fraume et al. 105 (HUA). Cauca, 5 km E of Timbío, [2°21'N, 75°41'W], 2050 m, 29 Dec.1944, Grant 10663 (US). Cundinamarca, carretera Guasca a Gachetá, Km 60–61, 2720 m, 22 Jan.1974, Acosta-Arteaga 103 (COL). Nariño, entre La Victoria, inspección de policía Mun. Apiales, y el Páramo El Consuelo, [0°50'N, 77°37'W], 2900 m, 12 Jan. 1973, Hagemann 1928 (COL, PSO). Risaralda, Mun. Santuario, PNN Tatamá, camino que lleva al Páramo de Tatamá,subiendo hacia Morro Zancudo, 5°07'28.1"N, 76°02'30.6"W, 2643 m, 17 Apr. 2007, Vasco et al. 734 (HUA, NY). Tolima, Mun. Sta. Isabel, vereda de La Yuca, cerca de Las Bodegas, Finca Buenavista, Alto La Esperanza, [4°43'N, 75°06'W], 2700 m, 31 July 1980, Idrobo 10311 (COL). – VENEZUELA, Amazonas, Dpto. Rio Negro, Cerro de la Neblina, CampII 2.5 –3.5 km NE Pico Phelps (Neblina), 0°50'N, 65°58'28"W, 16 Feb.1984, Funk 6313 (VEN). Aragua, prope Colonia Tovar,[10°23'N, 67°22'W], 1854–1855, Fendler 270 (GH, MO, NY, US). Barinas, Quebrada de Barinitas, 1100 m, 28 July 1960, Vareschi 7427 (VEN). Distrito Federal, Cordillera de la Costa, fila del Avila, lado S, directamente debajo de la estación meteorológica, entre la estación del teleférico y el Hotel Humboldt, 10°32.6'N, 66°52.6'W, 2100 m, 19 Aug. 1991, Meier 302 (NY, VEN). Lara, Mun. Morán,vía al Páramo Las Rosas en las inmediaciones de la pica, 9°37'N, 70°05'W, 2400 m, 5 Dec. 1984, Rivero 775 (NY). Mérida, Parque Nacional La Culata, En el camino hacia el Cerro Pan de Azúcar, 8°41'52.4"N, 71°05'42.5’’W, 2400 m, 26 May 2008, Vasco et al. 799 (NY, VEN). Portuguesa, Mun.Sucre, en La Divisoria de La Concepción, 9°18'N, 70°06'W, 23–26 Oct. 1985, Ortega et al. 2782 (NY). Táchira, Quebrada La Lejia, S of Quebrada Agua Azul, along and above stream on steep slopes, 15–16 km SE of Delicias, 7°30'N, 72°24'W, 2300 m, 25 July 1975, Steyermark 118596 (MO, VEN). Trujillo, carretera Boconó-Trujillo, entrada a Burbusay, 9°26'N, 70°17'W, 1600 m, 23 Nov. 1984, Ortega 2290 (MO, NY, UC). – ECUADOR, Pichincha, old road Chiriboga to Sto. Domingo, 14 km from recinto de Las Palmeras, 0°18'S, 78°51'W, 800 m, 13 Feb.2004, Moran et al. 6843 (NY). Loja, trails c. 5 km ENE of San Pedro de Vilcabamba, from El Bosque to Quebrada Romerillos and Banderilla, 4°14'S, 79°10'W, 30 Nov. 1994, Øllgaard 105943 (AAU). Morona-Santiago, small ravine c. 7 km N of Limón, disturbed forest, 2°54'42"S, 78°24'03"W, 960 m, 3 Mar. 2005, Moran et al. 7604 (NY). Napo, Cantón Quijos, Baeza, along road leading to radio tower behind town, 1°28'18"S, 77°53'51"W, 2016 m, 24 Feb. 2005, Moran et al. 7525 (HUA, NY). Zamora-Chinchipe, road Loja-Zamora, Km</p><p>173</p><p>24–25, 3°59'S, 79°045'W, 15 Apr.1973, Holm-Nielsen et al. 3519 (AAU,MO, NY, UC). Sucumbios, Km 15–18, carretera Pun-Aguarico, 13 Aug. 1949, Acosta-Solís 13281 (F). – PERU, Amazonas, a few km from Molina Pampa, [6°52'37"S, 78°12'18"W], 14 Mar.1998, Van der Werff et al. 14960 (MO, UC). Cusco, Machupichu, [13°09'S, 72°29'W], Mar. 1936, Soukup 176, 177 (F). Junín, Prov. Tarma,Agua Dulce, [11°25'S, 75°41'W], 1900 m, 9 Mar. 1948, Woytkowski 35433 (UC, US). Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, sector San Alberto, 10°32'S, 75°21'W, 2200 m, 20 Jan.2003, Vásquez et al.27857 (MO,USM). San Martín, Rioja-Pomacochas road, below Venceremos, c. 20 km NW of Rioja near Restaurant El Amigo, 5°45'S, 77°38'W, 1600 m, 8 Feb.1984, Gentry 45177 (MO).– BOLIVIA, Cochabamba, Prov. Franz Tamayo, Piedra Blanca, 10.4 km al S de Pata, sobre el camino a Sta. Cruz del Valle Ameno, 14°37'44"S, 68°40'19"W, 1900 m, 12 Nov. 2003, Fuentes et al. 5999 (LPB, MO, NY, UC). Santa Cruz, Prov. Valle Grande, Loma Larga, 4 km a Masicurí, 18°47'S, 63°53'W, 1600 m, 3 June 1996, Kessler et al. 6289 (LPB, NY, UC).</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum bellermannianum can be distinguished by its oblong laminae, bicolorous scales on the petioles and laminae (at least along the costae), fertile leaves twice as long as the sterile, and papillate spores. It differs from E. muscosum and E. lehmannianum by the bicolorous petiole and/or lamina scales. These scales are bicolorous because they can be darker at the point of attachment, or mottled, or black medially with white borders. In contrast, the scales of E. muscosum and E. lehmannianum are typically concolorous, or if bicolorous they are darker only at the point of attachment. Another difference is that the costal scales of the sterile and fertile leaves of E. bellermannianum are mostly sessile, thus the scale body is not elevated above the surface of the lamina; whereas scales of E. muscosum and E. lehmannianum have a base typically short-stalked and thus the scale body is elevated above the surface of the lamina. The three species are epiphytes with compact to short-creeping rhizomes, linear rhizome scales with few short teeth up to 0.2 mm, erose petiole scales, and papillate spores without ridges (Fig. 1b, h, i). These characteristics distinguish them from E. engelii, which differs by being terrestrial with short- to long-creeping rhizomes and by having linear rhizome scales with many teeth longer than 0.2 mm, ciliate petiole scales, and spores with ridges and irregular deposits (Fig. 1d).</p><p>There is considerable variation in the colour of the laminar scales of E. bellermannianum . Some plants have all the scales of the abaxial lamina either completely black or mottled; these were described as either E. atropunctatum (from Peru) or E. fuliginosum (from Costa Rica). Other plants have almost all adaxial laminar scales white and have been named E. blandum (type from Bolivia). Throughout the geographic distribution of E. bellermannianum, however, scale colour varies from white to black. Because no other differences distinguish these plants, they are treated here as a single species, E. bellermannianum .</p><p>See E. gardnerianum for a comparison with that species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA3A2B25FFFFF82D8AFEF9FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA342B27FCB6F97D8A0BFA40.text	58138794EA342B27FCB6F97D8A0BFA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum corderoanum (Sodiro) Christ	<div><p>3. Elaphoglossum corderoanum (Sodiro) Christ — Fig. 1c, 4; Map 4</p><p>Elaphoglossum corderoanum (Sodiro) Christ (1899) 81. — Acrostichum corderoanum Sodiro (1893) 470. — Type: Sodiro 202 (lecto P (barcode P00577719), designated here; iso QPLS n.v.), Ecuador, Loja, El Toldo (in the protologue: Crece en las pendientes occidentales del Pichincha, Corazón y “ el Altar ” en la provincia de Ríobamba,2000 y 3000 m), [4°22'S, 79°31'W], 1891.</p><p>Plants epiphytic. Rhizome 3 – 6 mm wide, compact, erect; rhizome scales 6 – 9(–14) mm long, linear-lanceolate, orange to dark brown, entire to denticulate, base cordate, apex acuminate. Sterile leaves 15– 41 cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, sometimes obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole (5–) 10– 22 cm long, 1/3 –1/2 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 3– 6 mm long, dense, spreading, oblanceolate to ovate, light brown to orange, erose to laciniate,</p><p>i</p><p>b</p><p>base cordate, apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, dense, appressed, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate to round, light brown to slightly mottled, ciliate, base cordate, short-stalked, apex acute; lamina 10 –22 by (1.8–) 2.8–5 cm, oblong to oblanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex obtuse to acute; veins free, forked, 1–2 mm apart, at an angle of 70–75° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 2.5 mm long, dense, oblanceolate to ovate, white to light brown, laciniate to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 0.5 –1 mm long, dense, not imbricate, patent, lanceolate to round, highly dissected, orange, long-ciliate, base stalked, apex filiform; abaxial costal scales 1–2 mm long, dense, pointing at right angles, not elevated, oblanceolate to round, light brown, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; marginal scales 1–2 mm long, dense, oblanceolate, light brown, ciliate, base cordate, short-stalked, apex acute. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 2/3 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves; lamina 10– 25 by 1.2 – 2.4 cm, narrowly-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 2.5 mm long, dense, imbricate, oblanceolate to round, white to orange, laciniate to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, oblanceolate to round, light brown to dark brown with lighter margin, laciniate to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; intersporangial scales 0.7–1.5(–4) mm long, dense, not obscuring the sporangia, oblanceolate to round, orange to dark brown, sometimes mottled towards the apex, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute. Spores papillate, with ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Ecuador; (600 –) 2100– 3400 m. Epiphytic in montane forest and páramos.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. ECUADOR, Azuay, Cruz Pampa region above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.066666/lat -2.9)">Baños</a>,c. 15 km SW of Cuenca,[2°54'S, 79°04'W], 2750–3050 m, 29–30 June 1945, Camp 3935 (F, GH, MO, NY, US, VEN) . Bolivar, along first 15 km of road Chillanes-El <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.066666/lat -1.9333334)">Tambo</a>, [1°56'S, 79°04'W], 2400 m, 18 July 1991, Van der Werff et al. 12448 (MO, UC) . Cañar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.4166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.98333/lat -2.4166667)">N of Tipococha</a>, [2°25'S, 78°59'W], 3200 m, 18 Aug. 1933, Diels 629 (B) . Chimborazo, W slope of Azuay, close to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.2833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.916664/lat -2.2833333)">Chunchi</a>, [2°17'S, 78°55'W], 3000 m, s.d., Rimbach 696 (S) . Cotopaxi, Quevedo-Latacunga road above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.96666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.96667/lat -0.96666664)">Pilaló</a>, 0°58'S, 78°58'W, 2850 m, 8 Apr. 1973, Holm-Nielsen et al. 3256 (AAU, MO, NY, UC) . Los Ríos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.23333/lat -1.4)">Centinela</a> ridge, c. 20 km E of Patricio Pilar, [1°24'S, 79°14'W], 600 m, 16 July 1991, Van der Werff et al. 12431 A (MO) . Pichincha, carretera vieja Chillogallo-San Juan, sitio de colección San Juan-Ventanillas-Las Comunas, 23 June 1980, Jaramillo 2587 (AAU) ; in silvis suban. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.06666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.55/lat -0.06666667)">Nono-Gualea</a>, [0°04'S, 78°33'W], Sept. 1899, Sodiro s.n. (P) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum corderoanum can be distinguished by its larger petiole scales oblanceolate to ovate, erose to laciniate, abaxial laminar scales lanceolate to (more commonly) round, highly dissected, long-ciliate, and ridged, papillate spores. The abaxial laminar scales, although dense, do not obscure the surface of the lamina.</p><p>Some specimens collected by Sodiro and annotated by him as E. corderoanum correspond to E. lehmannianum; therefore, it might be that the original material is mixed. Sodiro designated all the specimens with large leaves and somewhat glabrous abaxial laminae as E. corderoanum . Examination of more material revealed that species with large leaves belong either to E. corderoanum or E. lehmannianum . To assign the lectotype I took into account the original description in which Sodiro stated that besides the larger leaves, the difference between E. corderoanum and E. bellermannianum and E. lehmannianum (in the original description as Acrostichum bellermannianum and A. muscosum) is that the abaxial laminar scales of the sterile leaves and the adaxial laminar scales of the fertile leaves of E. corderoanum were “round similar to stellate hairs”. Round, highly dissected, long-ciliate laminar scales (similar to stellate hairs) distinguish E. corderoanum from E. bellermannianum 175 and E. lehmannianum . Another characteristic that distinguishes these species is that E. corderoanum has spores with ridges and papillae (Fig. 1c), whereas E. bellermannianum and E. lehmannianum have papillate spores without ridges (Fig. 1b, h). Because of its ridged spores and occurrence at high elevations, E. corderoanum can be confused with E. engelii . These two species are easy to distinguish by their habit, and rhizome and laminar scales. Typically, E. corderoanum is epiphytic, has rhizome scales that are entire to denticulate, and abaxial laminar scales that are round, highly dissected, long-ciliate, and spaced far enough apart that they do not obscure the lamina surface. In contrast, E. engelii is usually terrestrial, has rhizome scales that bear numerous cilia, and abaxial laminar scales that are lanceolate to oblanceolate and obscure the lamina surface.</p><p>See E. oculatum for a comparison with that species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA342B27FCB6F97D8A0BFA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA362B23FCB6F9E08DDAFABD.text	58138794EA362B23FCB6F9E08DDAFABD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum engelii (H. Karst.) Christ	<div><p>4. Elaphoglossum engelii (H.Karst.) Christ — Fig. 1d, 5; Map 5</p><p>Elaphoglossum engelii (H.Karst.) Christ (1899) 81. — Acrostichum engelii H.Karst. (1860) 118, t. 59. — Type: Karsten s.n. (lecto B, designated by Mickel (1991) 131; second-step barcode B20 0070391 excluding the fertile leaf portions in the pocket, designated here; iso W [sheet W0018475, excluding the fertile leaf on the right], LE n.v.), Venezuela (in the original description ‘Colombia’), Merida, cordillera Meridensis, s.d.</p><p>Elaphoglossum caulolepia (H.Karst.) Hieron. (1905) 548. — Acrostichum caulolepia H.Karst. (1860) 121, t. 60. — Type: Karsten s.n. (lecto W (sheet W0018476),designated here;iso B n.v., LE n.v.), Colombia, Cundinamarca, Bogotá, s.d.</p><p>Elaphoglossum atrorubens Mickel (1987) 314, f. 3D, E. — Type: Ruiz-Terán &amp; M. López-Figueiras 1754 (holo NY), Venezuela, Mérida, Distrito Campo Elías, Municipio Pueblo Nuevo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat 8.333333)">Páramo de Quirorá</a>, alto de las Cruces, [8°20'N, 71°27'W], 3200 m, 23 Apr. 1971.</p><p>Elaphoglossum cristatum Ballenth., Dudenh. &amp; M.Kessler (2009) 46–49. — Type: Kessler et al. 6875 (holo GOET n.v.; iso LPB n.v., NY, UC), Bolivia, Cochabamba, Prov. José Carrasco Torrico, 63 km antigua carretera <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.71667/lat -17.25)">Cochabamba-Villa Tunari</a>, 17°15'S, 65°43'W, 3700 m, 2 July 1999.</p><p>Plants terrestrial. Rhizome 4 – 8 mm wide, short to long-creeping; rhizome scales 6–11 mm long, linear-lanceolate, light brown</p><p>h</p><p>f</p><p>to dark brown, sometimes bicolorous, margin lighter, ciliate, with abundant cilia (up to 0.4 mm long), base cordate, apex filiform and tortuous to acute. Sterile leaves 14 –47(– 63) cm long, approximate to up to 1 cm apart; phyllopodia present, sometimes obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 6 –25(–41) cm long, 2/5– 3/5 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 4 – 6 mm long, dense, spreading, sometimes pointing forward, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, light brown to dark brown, or mottled, darker at the point of attachment, margin lighter, ciliate, base cordate to truncate, apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 –1(– 3) mm long, scattered to dense, appressed, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate to round, from light brown to black or mottled with lighter margin, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; lamina 8 – 23 by 1.5 – 4.5 cm, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; veins 0.5–1.5 mm apart, at an angle of 70– 85° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 1–3 mm long, dense, imbricate, oftentimes pointing downwards, lanceolate, white to light brown, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 2 – 3 mm long, dense, imbricate, slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina to patent, lanceolate to oblanceolate, from light brown to black or mottled with lighter margin, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base stalked (up to 0.4 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales same as the laminar ones, pointing forward to the apex or at right angles, slightly elevated, sometimes darker; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 1/2– 3/4 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves but the larger ones more spreading; lamina 7–22 by 1–2 cm, narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, base truncate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 3 mm long, dense, imbricate, lanceolate to round, from light brown to black or mottled with lighter margin, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5– 2(–3) mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex or at right angles, lanceolate to round, from light brown to black or mottled, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; intersporangial scales 1–2 mm long, absent to scattered, lanceolate, from light brown to black or mottled with lighter margin, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked, apex acute. Spores with irregular deposits and ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; 1300– 4300 m. Mainly terrestrial growing in montane forest and páramos in exposed, rocky, dry areas.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. MEXICO, Mexico, cerca de Amealco, camino a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.916664/lat 18.633333)">Amecameca Tlamacas</a>, vertiente NW del Popocatépetl, [18°38'N, 99°55'W], 3100 m, 9 Oct. 1966, Rzedowski 23279 (NY) . Morelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.3/lat 19.05)">Zempoala</a>, [19°03'N, 99°18'W], Dec. 1936, Lyonnet 1413 (UC, US) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.3/lat 19.05)">Lagunas de Zempoala</a>, [19°03'N, 99°18'W], Dec. 1946, Sánchez 465 (US) . – GUATEMALA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.5/lat 15.5)">Huehuetenango</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.5/lat 15.5)">Sierra Chuchumatanes</a> between Kms 136 to 150 to San Juan Ixcoy, [15°30'N, 91°30'W], 3000–3500 m, 12–23 Jan. 1966, Molina et al. 16539 (F, NY, US) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.45/lat 14.733334)">Quezaltenango</a>, NW-facing forested Abies slopes of barranco of Volcán Zunil, [14°44'N, 91°27'W], 3000 m, 22 Jan. 1940, Steyermark 34911 (F, US) . – COSTA RICA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.041664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.041664/lat 9.266666)">Limón</a>, Cordillera de Talamanca,SW foot of Cerro Kámuk, 9°16'N, 83°02'30"W, 3200–3350 m, 24 Mar. 1984, Davidse et al. 25952 (CR, MO, NY, UC) . – COLOMBIA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.76667/lat 6.45)">Antioquia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.76667/lat 6.45)">Mun. Urrao</a>, Inspeccion Jaiperá, vereda El Chuscal, Páramos de Frontino, Sitios Pico de Aguila-La Laguna, 6°27'N, 76°46'W, 3590–3750 m, 6 Apr. 1989, Callejas et al. 7672 (HUA, NY) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.26667/lat 6.383333)">Arauca</a>, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Quebrada El Playón, Hoya S. Luis 1.5 km al NNE de la finca El Playón, [6°23'N, 72°16'W], 3540 m, 13 Mar. 1973, Cleef 9122 (COL, NY) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.43953&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.684222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.43953/lat 5.684222)">Boyacá</a>, Mun.Chisacá-San Pedro de Iguaque,SFF de Iguaque,sendero subiendo a la laguna de Iguaque, 5°41'03.2"N, 73°26'22.3"W, 3536 m, 30 Apr. 2007, Vasco et al. 765 (HUA, NY) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.36764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.8547497" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.36764/lat 4.8547497)">Caldas</a>, PNN los Nevados, Alto del Cisne, 4°51'17.1"N, 75°22'03.5"W, 4127 m, 7 Aug. 2006, Vasco 591 (HUA, MO, NY) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.416664/lat 2.25)">Cauca</a>, Páramo de Puracé, [2°15'N, 76°25'W], 3400 m, 22 Sept. 1967, Hagemann 572 (COL, PSO) . Cundinamarca, Páramo de Sumapaz, páramo y bosque</p><p>177 alto-andino cerca de Lagunitas al S de San Juan,Alto de Chorreras; 2.5 km al N de la laguna Gobernador, [3°45'N, 74°25'W], 3780 m, 27 Jan. 1937, Cleef 8359 (COL, MO, NY) . Magdalena, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.96667/lat 10.75)">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</a>, S of Cerro Icachui, Mamancanaca-Camberimena,[10°45'N, 73°58'W], 3900 m, 30 May 1905, Waston 10384 (CR) . Meta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0833335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.2/lat 4.0833335)">Páramo de Sumapaz</a>, hoya de la quebrada Sitiales, [4°05'N, 74°12'W], 3550 m, 26 Jan. 1972, Cleef 1043 (COL) . Nariño, Cumbal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.78333/lat 0.9)">Laguna La Bolsa</a>, páramo, [0°54'N, 77°47'W], 3400 m, 21 Jan. 1973, Hagemann 1956 (COL, PSO) . Norte de Santander, Páramo de Romeral, 3800–4200 m, 30 Jan. 1927, Killip 18672 (NY, US) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98333/lat 7.2)">Páramo de San Turban</a>, near Vetas, [7°12'N, 72°59'W], 3950–4160 m, 17 Jan.1927, Killip 17571 (NY, US) . Tolima, Mun.Murillo,cerca del Nevado del Ruiz, carretera a Murillo, 4°56'N, 75°17.5'W, 3900 m, 9 May 1991, Churchill 17881 (COL, HUA, NY) . – VENEZUELA, Mérida, entre Timote y Pico de Aguila, 3000–3500 m, 24 Nov.1984, Ortega 2339 (MO, NY, UC) . Táchira: carretera Bailadores-La Grita,vía <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.87945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.255555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.87945/lat 8.255555)">Páramo La Negra</a>, 8°15'20"N, 71°52'46"W, 3000 m, 29 May 2008, Vasco et al. 808 (NY, VEN) . Trujillo, Mun. Boconó, Laguna Larga,vía Laguna Las Parias to Laguna Eco.Páramo Motumbo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.933333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.5/lat 8.933333)">Monumento Natural Teta de Niquitao-Guirigay</a>,[8°56'N, 70°30'W], 3400–3600 m, 15 Sept. 2003, Stergios et al. 20424 (NY, UC, US) . – ECUADOR, Azuay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.833336/lat -2.6666667)">16 km NE of Azogues</a> along road to Pindilíg, 2°40'S, 78°50'W, 3340 m, 19 Jan. 1985, Luteyn 11137 (HUA, NY, UC) . Carchi, Páramo El ángel, in the pass on road El ángel-Tulcán, 0°41'N, 78°54'W, 3450 m, 15 May 1973, Holm-Nielsen et al. 5504 (AAU, F, MO, NY, UC) . Chimborazo, Río Chimbo, 3400 m, Sept. 1905, Rimbach Rosenst. Filices ecuadoresnes, No. 7 (B, P, S, US) . Cotopaxi, Parque Nacional Cotopaxi, 3–6 km S de la Estación Ferrocarril, 0°40'S, 78°30'W, s.d., Balslev 2655 (AAU, GH, NY) . Imbabura, Lago San Marcos,Cayambe, 3413 m, 29 Nov.1961, Cazalet 5408 (NY, UC, US) . Loja, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.21667/lat -3.6)">Páramos de Saraguro</a>, 10 km S of Saraguro, [3°36'S, 79°13'W], 3050 m, 2 Jan. 1979, Luteyn et al. 6663 (NY) . Napo, Parque Nacional Llanganates, vía Salcedo-Tena, Km 45–55, cabecera del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.98333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.333336/lat -0.98333335)">Río Anatenorio</a>, Siete Vueltas, 0°59'S, 78°20'W, 3600 m, 17 Sept.1998, Vargas et al. 2586 (MO, NY, QCNE, UC) . Pichincha, above Hacienda Monjas, Concepción, [0°28'S, 78°35'W], 3962 m, 29 Mar. 1951, Bell 91 (S) ; in monte Pichincha, [0°10'S, 78°35'W], 3400 m, 1917, Mille s.n. (GH, NY) . Tungurahua, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.333336/lat -1.0833334)">Parroquia San José de Poaló</a>, Loma Potrerillos, 1°05'S, 78°20'W, 3200 m, 4 Apr. 1987, Cerón 1122 (MO, UC, US) . – PERU, Amazonas, Prov. Chachapoyas, Jalca Calla-Calla, [6°28'S, 77°43'W], 3450 m, 29 July 1991, Mostacero et al. 2634 (MO) . Ancash, Prov.Huari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.28333/lat -9.383333)">Huascarán National Park</a>,quebrada Pachachaca, a lateral valley of quebrada Rurichinchay, 9°23'S, 77°17'W, 3700–3860 m, 12 June 1986, Smith et al. 12543 (MO) . Junín, Prov. Satipo, Cordillera Vilcabamba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.66722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.66" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.66722/lat -11.66)">Río Ene</a> slope,near summit of divide, 11°39'36"S, 73°40'02"W, 3350–3400 m, 8 June 1997, Boyle et al.4262 (NY) . Lambayeque, Prov. Ferreñafe, Laguna <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.3/lat -6.15)">0.5 mm Tembladera</a>, distrito Incahuasi, [6°09'S, 79°18'W], 3100 m, 11 Sept. 1985, Sagástegui et al. 12780 (GH, MO, NY, UC) . Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, sector Santa Barbara, 10°20'55"S, 75°39'08"W, 3379 m, 27 Jan.2005, Mellado 2658 (MO) .– BOLIVIA, Cochabamba, Prov.Carrasco, Km 84 antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17°15'S, 65°43'W, 3750 m, 30 June 1996, Kessler et al. 6833 (LPB, NY, UC) . La Paz, Prov. Murillo, bajando de la cumbre 16, 7 km hacia Unduavi, pasando Pongo, [16°19'S, 67°57'W], 3700 m, 28 Apr. 1991, Beck 18754 (HUA, LPB, NY) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum engelii and E. muscosum are two names commonly applied to species of subsect. Muscosa in the Andes. What has been called E. muscosum in the Andes is actually E. lehmannianum (see notes under that species for a discussion on the application of this name). The Andean species E. lehmannianum and E. engelii are often confused in herbaria, but they are easy to differentiate. Elaphoglossum engelii is terrestrial with short- to long-creeping rhizomes, linear rhizome scales with many teeth longer than 0.2 mm, ciliate petiole scales, and spores with ridges and irregular deposits (Fig. 1d). In contrast, E. lehmannianum is typically epiphytic with compact to short-creeping rhizomes, linear rhizome scales with few short teeth, erose petiole scales, and papillate spores without ridges (Fig. 1h).</p><p>In E. engelii, density of the laminar scales varies, and there is a slight geographic component to this variation. Typically, the scales of both surfaces of the lamina are imbricate, although the adaxial ones tend to fall off when the leaves get older. Specimens at the southern and northern limits of the distribution (Mexico, Guatemala, and Peru) sometimes have abaxial laminar scales more scattered and not necessarily obscuring the surfaces of the lamina.</p><p>Some specimens of E. engelii from Ecuador (e.g. Clemants 2142, NY) have unusually black rhizome scales. These might be confused with E. yatesii, a species restricted to Ecuador and Colombia. Elaphoglossum yatesii differs by thinner and longer creeping rhizomes, petiole scales that generally point forward, and papillate spores with ridges (Fig. 1o).</p><p>The type material from B and W has some fertile-frond fragments not attached to the sterile parts. These fragments do not belong to E. engelii or any other species of subsect. Muscosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA362B23FCB6F9E08DDAFABD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA322B3DFFFFFABD8E09FC16.text	58138794EA322B3DFFFFFABD8E09FC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum gardnerianum (Fee) T. Moore	<div><p>5. Elaphoglossum gardnerianum (Kunze ex Fée) T.Moore — Fig. 1e, 6; Map 6</p><p>Elaphoglossum gardnerianum (Kunze ex Fée) T. Moore (1857b) 357.— Acrostichum gardnerianum Kunze ex Fée (1845) 55,t. 15,f. 3. — Type: Gardner 93 (lecto P (barcode P00249740), designated here; iso BM (barcode BM000890236),BM (barcode BM000890238),GCE n.v.(photo NY ex GCE), P (barcode P00249739, specimen on the left), P (barcode P00249741)), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Montes Órgãos, (22°16'S, 42°32'W), 1837.</p><p>Plants epiphytic. Rhizome 2 – 5 mm wide, compact; rhizome scales 3 –5 mm long, linear-lanceolate, orange to brown, entire to denticulate, base truncate, apex filiform, oftentimes broken. Sterile leaves (4.5 –) 7.5 –17 cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 1.5– 5 cm long, 1/6 –1/3 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 2 –5 mm long, scattered to dense, spreading, oblanceolate, light brown to orange, ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, scattered to dense, appressed, oblanceolate to round, light brown to orange, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute; lamina (3–)5.5–13.5 by (1–) 1.5– 3 cm, oblanceolate, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; veins c. 1 mm apart, at an angle of 75° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.5 – 2.5 mm long, dense, not imbricate, oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, light brown, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute to filiform; abaxial laminar scales 0.5– 2.5 mm long, dense, not imbricate, slightly elevated above the surface of the</p><p>179 lamina to patent, oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, light brown to orange, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute to filiform; abaxial costal scales same as the laminar ones, pointing at right angles, slightly elevated; marginal scales same as the laminar ones, dense. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 1/2– 3/5 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves; lamina (2.5 –)5–10 by 0.4– 2 cm, narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, imbricate, lanceolate to round, light brown to orange, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute to filiform; abaxial costal scales 0.5–1.5 mm long, dense, pointing at right angles to apex, oblanceolate to round, light brown to orange, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute to filiform; intersporangial scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, scattered, oblanceolate to round, light brown to orange, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute to filiform. Spores papillate, without ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Brazil, states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo; 900–1700 m. Epiphytic, growing in montane forests.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. BRAZIL, Bahia, Arataca, Serra do Peito de Moça, estrada que liga <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.341667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.341667/lat -15.173612)">Arataca</a> à <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.341667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.341667/lat -15.173612)">Una</a>, ramal c. 22.4 km de Arataca com entrada no <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.341667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.341667/lat -15.173612)">Assentamento Santo Antônio</a>, 15°10'25"S, 39°20'30"W, 1000 m, 16 Feb.2006, Matos et al. 1000 (CEPEC) . Espírito Santo, Castelo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.2/lat -20.6)">Brazo do Sul</a>, [20°36'S, 41°12'W], 13Aug. 1948, Brade 19289 (RB) . Minas Gerais, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.466667/lat -20.083334)">Serra do Caraça</a>,[20°05'S, 43°28'W],s.d., Damazio 1803 (RB) ; Santa Maria do Salto,divisa entre Bahia e Minas Gerais, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.054443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.40639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.054443/lat -16.40639)">Fazenda Duas Barras</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.054443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.40639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.054443/lat -16.40639)">Reserva do Alto Cariri</a>, 16°24'23"S, 40°03'16"W, 950 m, 9 Feb. 2006, Matos et al. 939 B (CEPEC) . Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.583332/lat -22.416666)">Maromba</a>,[22°25'S, 42°35'W], 1050 m, May 1950, Brade 20301 (RB) . São Paulo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.35/lat -23.966667)">Campo Grande</a>, [23°58'S, 46°21'W], 1907, Wacket 186 (UC) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum gardnerianum can be distinguished by its small size (sterile leaves (4.5–) 7.5–17 cm long), epiphytic habit, compact rhizomes, short petioles (1/6 –1/3 of the sterile leaves), long-ciliate, concolorous petiole and laminar scales, and papillate spores. It has intersporangial scales, which sometimes are difficult to distinguish because their colour is very similar to that of the sporangia. Elaphoglossum muscosum, the other species of the group occurring in Brazil, can be distinguished from E. gardnerianum by longer leaves (10 – 35 cm long), longer petioles (1/3 –2/5 of the leaves length), erose petiole scales, and ciliate laminar scales. The cilia of the abaxial laminar scales of E. muscosum are never longer than the body of the scale, which is always the case in E. gardnerianum . Another difference between these two species is that generally E. muscosum has imbricate scales that obscure the abaxial surface of the laminae, whereas E. gardnerianum has dense to scattered scales that are never imbricate, thus the abaxial surface of the lamina is visible.</p><p>Plants from Brazil that have been identified as E. bellermannianum are misidentified; they represent either E. gardnerianum or E. muscosum . The main difference between E. bellermannianum, which does not occur in Brazil, and E. gardnerianum is that the former has bicolorous petiole and/or lamina scales (Fig. 3c, f). These are darker at the point of attachment, or mottled, or black medially with white borders. In contrast, scales of E. gardnerianum are always concolorous. Another difference is that the larger scales of the petioles and laminae of E. gardnerianum are always long-ciliate, whereas those of E. bellermannianum are erose.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA322B3DFFFFFABD8E09FC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA2C2B3FFFFFFC558D8CFC0A.text	58138794EA2C2B3FFFFFFC558D8CFC0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum glabrescens A. Vasco	<div><p>6. Elaphoglossum glabrescens A.Vasco, nom. &amp; stat. nov. — Fig. 1f, 7; Map 7</p><p>Elaphoglossum engelii (H.Karst.) Christ var. subnudum Rosenst., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11 (1912) 59, (‘ subnuda ’). — Type: Buchtien 2725 (lecto S, designated here; iso US), Bolivia, La Paz, Prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.9/lat -16.316668)">North Yungas</a>, Unduavi, [16°19'S, 57°54'W], 3300 m, Nov. 1910. Non Elaphoglossum subnudum C.Chr .</p><p>Plants epiphytic or terrestrial. Rhizome 4 – 8 mm wide, short-creeping to erect; rhizome scales 4 – 8 mm long, linear-lanceolate, dark red to dark brown, sometimes with paler margin, denticulate to ciliate (teeth up to 0.3 mm), base truncate to slightly cordate, apex filiform. Sterile leaves 17– 40(– 58) cm long, approximate to up to 1 cm apart; phyllopodia present, not obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 9 –16(– 30) cm long, 2/5– 3/5 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 3 – 6 mm long, scattered to dense, spreading, lanceolate, light brown to dark brown, sometimes mottled, ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 –3 mm long, scattered to dense, appressed, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate to round, light to dark brown, sometimes mottled with lighter margin, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; lamina 6 –17(–28) by 1.8– 3.8 cm, linear-oblong to oblong, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate to obtuse, apex obtuse; veins 1–1.5 mm apart, at an angle of 70° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.5 – 2 mm long, dense, lanceolate, white to light brown, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 0.5–3 mm long, from absent to scattered, when present slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina and never imbricated, lanceolate to round, light to dark brown, sometimes mottled with lighter margin, ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked (up to 0.2 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5 –3.5 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex or at right angles, slightly elevated, lanceolate to round, orange to dark brown, sometimes mottled with lighter margin or darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; marginal scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, dense, lanceolate to oblanceolate, orange, ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked (up to 0.1 mm), apex acute. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 2/5–3/4 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves, but the small</p><p>181 ones tend to be darker, mottled to entirely black; lamina 8 –19 by 1– 2 cm, narrowly elliptic, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5–1.2 mm long, dense, lanceolate, light brown to dark brown, sometimes mottled with lighter margin, darker along the costae, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5 –2(–3) mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex or at right angles, lanceolate to round, orange to black, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; intersporangial scales absent. Spores papillate, without ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Bolivia, departments of Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz; 2000 –3800 m. Epiphytic or terrestrial in montane forests.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. BOLIVIA, Cochabamba, Prov. Carrasco, Siberia Oeste, Monte Hotel, 17°47'19"S, 64°47'18"W, 2700 m, 22 Sept. 2003, Fernández et al. 2528 (BOLV, MO) ; Prov. Carrasco, Km 100 antigua carretera Cochabamba-Villa Tunari, 17°12'S, 65°42'W, 3300 m, 26 June 1996, Kessler et al. 6734 (LPB, NY, UC) . La Paz, Prov. Nor Yungas, Estación Biológica, de Tunquini, senda nueva del camino de la mina (curva al lado W) al pantanón, 16°11'S, 67°53'W, 3000 m, 14 Sept.2000, Bach et al. 1042 (LPB, UC); Prov. Nor Yungas, Coscapa,sobre el sendero prehispánico Sillutinkara, 16°12'S, 67°53'W, 3100 m, 27 Apr. 2004, Jiménez 2152 (LPB, NY, UC) . Santa Cruz, Prov. Caballero, 28 km desde Comarapa camino a la Siberia, 17°50'S, 64°38'W, 2600 m, 15 Aug. 1991, Arroyo et al. 61 (HUA, LPB, NY, UC) ; Prov. Caballero, 50 km al N de Mataral (en la carretera Santa Cruz-Comarapa) pasando por San Juan del Potrero y bajando a la cuenca del alto <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.26667/lat -17.883333)">Río Ichilo</a>, [17°53'S, 64°16'W], 2000 m, 25–26 May 1989, Smith 13319 (MO, UC) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum glabrescens is characterized by short-creeping, ascending rhizomes, dark red to dark brown rhizome scales, and linear-oblong to oblong sterile lamina with obtuse apex and truncate to obtuse base. The type of E. glabrescens (Buchtien 2725) has the lower surface of the laminae completely glabrous, with scales present only on the costa and margin. Specimens with glabrous adaxial surfaces are easy to identify; however, some specimens of E. glabrescens are scaly abaxially. The scales range from scattered to dense, but they are small and never obscure the surface of the laminae. Specimens with scaly abaxial surfaces can be confused with E. laxisquama, a species endemic to Peru. However, E. laxisquama has long-creeping, usually branched rhizomes, linear-lanceolate, acuminate larger petiole scales, that when bicolorous have dark apex (including the cilia) and lighter base and point of attachment. In contrast, E. glabrescens has short-creeping, ascending rhizomes that typically do not branch, larger petiole scales that are lanceolate with acute apex, and when bicolorous, it is the centre of the scale, not the apex, that becomes darker (the cilia are never dark). Moreover the spores of E. laxisquama are ridged (Fig. 1g), whereas the spores of E. glabrescens are not (Fig. 1f).</p><p>Elaphoglossum glabrescens was originally described by Rosenstock as a variety of E. engelii, from which it differs by the dark red to black rhizome scales, oblong laminae, and papillate spores. Elaphoglossum engelii has typically light brown to brown rhizome scales, linear lanceolate to oblanceolate laminae, and spores with ridges and irregular deposits. I gave the variety a new status and a new name. I chose a different epithet because E. subnudum C.Chr. already exists. However, to acknowledge the fact that Rosenstock noticed the difference and described it, I chose a similar epithet that denotes the glabrous condition of the lower laminae surface of some individuals of this species.</p><p>See E. novogranatense for a comparison with that species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA2C2B3FFFFFFC558D8CFC0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA2E2B39FFFFFC2E8E8BFC12.text	58138794EA2E2B39FFFFFC2E8E8BFC12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum laxisquama Mickel	<div><p>7. Elaphoglossum laxisquama Mickel — Fig. 1g, 8; Map 8</p><p>Elaphoglossum laxisquama Mickel (1991) 141. — Type: Young 1741 (holo NY; iso USM n.v.), Peru, San Martín, Prov. Mariscal Cáceres, Puerta del Monte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.25/lat -7.75)">Río Abiseo Nat. Park</a>, [7°45'S, 77°15'W], 3400 m, 19 Nov. 1985.</p><p>Plants terrestrial. Rhizome 3 –7 mm wide, long-creeping, ascendant; rhizome scales 7–11 mm long, linear, maroon to dark brown, sometimes darker at the centre, denticulate to ciliate (teeth up to 0.7 mm), base cordate (appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acuminate. Sterile leaves 15– 55(– 66) cm long, approximate to up to 1 cm apart; phyllopodia present, sometimes obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 9 – 32(–41) cm long, 3/5– 2/3 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 5 –8 mm long, dense, spreading, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, orange to brown, mottled, sometimes black in the centre or in the apical portion (including the cilia), long-ciliate (up to 11 mm), base cordate (appearing peltate because of the large auricles), short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acuminate to filiform; smaller petiole scales 0.3 – 2.5 mm long, dense, spreading, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, lanceolate to round, orange to brown, long-ciliate, base cordate, apex acuminate to filiform; lamina 6– 25 by 2 –3.5 cm, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to acute; veins 1–1.5 mm apart, at an angle of 70–80° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 3 mm long, scattered to dense, not imbricate, oblanceolate to round, orange to brown, mottled, sometimes black in the centre or in the apical portion (including the cilia), long-ciliate, base cordate, apex acuminate to filiform; abaxial laminar scales 0.2 –1.5 mm long, scattered to dense, not imbricate, patent, lanceolate to oblanceolate, funnelform throughout (without flattened body), orange to brown, long-ciliate, base inrolled; abaxial costal scales 0.5 – 3 mm long, dense, pointing at right angles, slightly elevated to patent, oblanceolate, orange to brown, mottled, sometimes black in the centre or in the apical portion (including the cilia), long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (up to 0.2 mm), apex acuminate to filiform; marginal scales 0.5 –1 mm long, dense, patent, ovate to round, orange to brown, mottled, sometimes black in the apical portion or just the apical cilia black, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (up to 0.1 mm), apex acuminate to filiform. Fertile</p><p>183 leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 3/4 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves but the larger ones more spreading; lamina 5–16 by 1–2.5 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, coriaceous, base truncate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to acute; adaxial laminar scales 0.5 –3 mm long, dense to scattered, not elevated to elevated above the surface of the lamina, oblanceolate to round, orange to brown, mottled, sometimes black in the apical portion or just the apical cilia black, long-ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked (up to 0.1 mm), apex acuminate to filiform; abaxial costal scales 1–5 mm long, dense, oblanceolate to round, orange to brown, mottled, sometimes black in the apical portion or just the apical cilia black, long-ciliate, base cordate, short-stalked (up to 0.1 mm), apex acuminate to filiform; intersporangial scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, scattered, oblanceolate to round, orange to brown, mottled, sometimes black in the apical portion or just the apical cilia black, long-ciliate, base cordate, short-stalked (up to 0.1 mm), apex acuminate to filiform. Spores papillate, with ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Colombia, Ecuador, Peru; 2400 –3800 m. Terrestrial in montane forest and páramos.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Cauca, c. 28 km E of Totoró, 2°33'N, 76°10'W, 3075 m, 6 May 1984, Luteyn et al. 10179 (JAUM, NY).– ECUADOR, Cañar, road from Gualeceo to Limón, 2°59'58"S, 78°39'36"W, 3410 m, 2 Mar. 2005, Moran et al. 7588 (NY). Carchi, Canton Montufar, Guandera Reserve,c. 6 km E of Fernández Salvador, 0°36'N, 77°42'W, 3500 m, 2 July 1996, Wilson et al. 2812 (UC). Loja, Cerro Toledo, E of Yangana, between Loja and Valladolid, 4°23'S, 79°07'W, 3000–3100 m, 26 Oct. 2004, Lehnert et al. 1457, 1461 (NY, UC). Napo, Oyacachi, 5 km después del paso, bosques en las márgenas de la carretera, 0°12'S, 78°06'W, 3500 m, 28 Dec. 1996, Navarrete 1373 (NY). – PERU, Cusco, Prov. La Convención, Huayopata, in part of the Pistipata drainage called Puncuyo, 10 km SW of Incatambo, 2400 m, 6 Oct. 1982, Peyton 1442 (MO). Pasco, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen,Abra Yanachaga, 10°22'S, 75°27'W, 2870–3200 m, 12 June 2003, Vásquez et al. 28162 (NY, UC). San Martín, Prov. Mariscal Cáceres, small forest patch, above timberline, Chochos, 3400 m, 24 Nov. 1985, Young 2536 (NY).</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum laxisquama can be distinguished by its long-creeping, erect rhizomes, long-ciliate petiole and laminar scales, and papillate, ridged spores. This is the only species of subsect. Muscosa in which some of the petiole and laminar scales have black or mottled tips (including the cilia) (Fig. 8c, h). This is a different colour pattern compared to other species of the subsection which, when bicolorous, have their centres black and the margins, including the cilia, lighter. Also, the abaxial laminar scales of this species are unique within subsect. Muscosa because they are patent and funnelform throughout their length, without a flattened body (Fig. 8f). Scales of all other species of the subsect. Muscosa that have inrolled or stalked base are never inrolled apically, thus the body of the scale remains flat and parallel (or nearly so) to the lamina surface (i.e. Fig. 5e, f).</p><p>Some specimens (e.g., Wilson et al. 2812, UC) have rhizome scales that are lighter and more oblanceolate than the typical ones, which are maroon to dark-brown and linear lanceolate. Also, the larger petiole scales of these specimens are more oblanceolate than the typical E. laxisquama petiole scales, which tend to be linear-lanceolate to lanceolate. However, these specimens have the typical dark-tipped, funnelform laminar scales that distinguish E. laxisquama from all other species of subsect. Muscosa . For these reasons I considered the specimens as belonging to this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA2E2B39FFFFFC2E8E8BFC12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA282B38FFFFFC548CB9FBD9.text	58138794EA282B38FFFFFC548CB9FBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum lehmannianum Christ	<div><p>8. Elaphoglossum lehmannianum Christ — Fig. 1h, 9; Map 9</p><p>Elaphoglossum lehmannianum Christ (1899) 81, f. 36. — Type: Lehmann 3557 (lecto B, designated here;iso BAS n.v., G n.v., US), Colombia, Cauca, wächst an Bäumen in lichten Wäldern um Popayán, 1750 m, s.d.</p><p>Elaphoglossum decipiens Hieron. (1905) 554.— Type: Lehmann 5075 (lecto B (sheet 070308),designated here;iso F, US), Colombia, Cauca:in a dense forest close to Poblazon supra urbem Popayán, 2000–2500 m, s.d.</p><p>Elaphoglossum yarumalense Hieron. (1905) 556. — Type: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.583336/lat 5.9333334)">Lehmann</a> 7675 (lecto B (sheet 072280), designated here; iso US (barcode 00067395), US (sheet 1067595, drawing of B lectotype with a fragment in pocket)), Colombia, Antioquia, Yarumal, habitat ad arborum truncos silvarum pratis interruptarum prope El Yarumal in parte septentrionali provinciae Antioquia, [5°56'N, 75°35'W], 1600–2200 m, s.d.</p><p>Elaphoglossum squamiferum A.Rojas (1996) 21, f. 11. — Type: Rivera 28 (holo INB), Costa Rica, Heredia, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.122222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.1/lat 10.122222)">Volcán Barva</a>, 10°07'20"N, 84°06'00"W, 2600 m, 7 Aug. 1989.</p><p>Plants epiphytic or terrestrial. Rhizome 2 –7 mm wide, short-creeping to erect; rhizome scales 9 –12 mm long, linear, orange to dark brown, denticulate, base truncate, apex filiform, sometimes tortuous. Sterile leaves 10– 40(– 60) cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 3 –15(–35) cm long, 1/4–1/2 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 3 –7 mm long, scattered to dense, spreading, linear-lanceolate, light brown, erose to laciniate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 – 2 mm long, scattered to dense, appressed, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate, light brown, erose to ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; lamina 6 – 25 by (1.5–)2– 4(– 5.5) cm, oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to acute; veins 1–2 mm apart, at an angle of 75– 80° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 1– 2 mm long, scattered to dense, lanceolate, white to light brown, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 0.5 – 2 mm long, dense to absent, not imbricate, slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina, lanceolate, light brown to brown, ciliate, base stalked, apex acute; abaxial costal scales same as the laminar ones, typically pointing at right angles, slightly elevated; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves;</p><p>185 petiole 1/2 –3/4 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves but the larger ones more spreading; lamina (5.5 –)8– 24(–35) by 0.6 – 2.5 cm, narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 3 mm long, dense, imbricate, lanceolate to round, light brown to brown, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5– 3 mm long, dense to scattered, pointing at right angles, lanceolate to round, brown, ciliate, base truncate, apex acute; intersporangial scales 1.5– 4 mm long, scattered to dense, sometimes almost obscuring the sporangia, lanceolate, orange to brown, ciliate, base stalked, apex acute. Spores papillate, without ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador; 1150–3500 m. Epiphytic or terrestrial, in montane forests and páramos.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. COSTA RICA, Cartago, Cantón de Paraíso, investigation area of the CATIE, 9°33'30"N, 83°41'30"W, 2600–2700 m, 20 Dec. 1990, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.691666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.558333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.691666/lat 9.558333)">Bittner</a> 180 (CR, HUA, NY) . Heredia, Cantón de Barva, P. N. Braulio Carillo, cuenca del Tárcoles, estación Barva, entre la estación y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.122222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.1/lat 10.122222)">Laguna del Barva</a>, 10°07'20"N, 84°06'00"W, 2700–2900 m, 30 May 1997, Rojas 3546 (CR, INB, NY) . Limón, Cantón de Talamanca, P. N. La Amistad, Tararia, sendero a Cerro Kámuk, entre Cerro Nai y Cerro Dudu, 9°13'39"N, 83°04'23"W, 2750–3100 m, 9 Nov. 1996, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.07305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.2275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.07305/lat 9.2275)">Rojas</a> 3227 (CR, INB, NY) . San José, Cerro de la Muerte, along the old oxcart trail above the interamerican Hwy, 9°33.23'N, 83°44.439'W, 2963 m, 28 Jan. 2008, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.74065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.553833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.74065/lat 9.553833)">Sundue</a> et al. 1707 (HUA, INB, NY) . – PANAMA, Chiriquí, above camp <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.5/lat 8.783334)">Aguacatal</a>, E slope of Chiriquí Volcano,[8°47'N, 82°30'W], 2400–2500 m, 10–13 Mar.1911, Maxon 5297 (US). – COLOMBIA , Antioquia, Mun. Caramanta, límites con el Mun. de Támesis, sector nascimientos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.680885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.557639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.680885/lat 5.557639)">Quebrada El Cóndor</a>, 5°33'27.5"N, 75°40'51.2"W, 2650 m, 16Apr.2005, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.680885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.557639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.680885/lat 5.557639)">Rodríguez</a> et al.5449 (HUA, NY) . Boyacá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6955" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45233/lat 5.6955)">Mun. Villa de Leyva</a>, SFF de Iguaque, bosques secundarios de Robles, cerca al centro de visitantes, 5°41'43.8"N, 73°27'08.4"W, 2850 m, 29 Apr. 2007, Vasco et al. 760 (HUA, NY) . Cauca, in parte septentrionali altiplanitiei popayanensis, 1600–1800 m, Lehmann 5139pp (B-070310, P-00577723, US-1067593, syntypes of E. decipiens) ; Popayán,[2°26'N, 75°37'W], 1500– 1800 m, s.d., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.4333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.61667/lat 2.4333334)">Lehmann</a> 6945 (B, US, syntype of E. decipiens) ; forests of Popayán, [2°26'N, 75°37'W], 1700–2300 m, Jan. 1901, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.4333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.61667/lat 2.4333334)">Lehmann</a> BT1299 (GH, NY) . Cesar, Sierra del Perijá, E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat 10.35)">Manaure</a>, sabana Rubia, [10°21'N, 72°56'W], 3000–3100 m, 7 Nov. 1959, Cuatrecasas 25092 (US) . Cundinamarca, Bogotá,D. C. Región del Sumapaz,cerca a Santa Rosa, 4°11'21"N, 74°11'36"W, 3160 m, 19 Feb. 1997, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.19334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.1891665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.19334/lat 4.1891665)">Betancur</a> et al. 7026 (COL, HUA, NY) . Nariño, Mun. Pasto, Bosque Botana, [1°12'N, 77°16'W], 3100 m, 22 Aug. 1963, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.26667/lat 1.2)">Soejarto</a> 480 (COL, GH) . Norte de Santander, hoya del Río Chitagá en Vega, 2880 m, 28 Nov. 1941, Cuatrecasas 13462 (COL, US) . Quindío, ‘ Pinares’, above Salento, [4°38'N, 75°34'W], 2600 –2800 m, 2–10 Aug. 1922, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.566666/lat 4.633333)">Pennell</a> 9252 (GH, NY, US) . Risaralda, Mun.Santuario,PNN Tatamá, camino que lleva al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.04183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.124472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.04183/lat 5.124472)">Páramo de Tatamá</a>, subiendo hacia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.04183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.124472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.04183/lat 5.124472)">Morro Zancudo</a>, 5°07'28.1"N, 76°02'30.6"W, 2643 m, 17 Apr. 2007, Vasco et al. 737 (HUA, NY) . Santander, along road between Pamplona and Chorro Colorado vía Chiquirá, at Km 128 marker, 7°22'N, 72°38'W, 2580 m, 4 May 1983, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.63333/lat 7.366667)">Croat</a> 56407 (JAUM, UC) . Tolima, Libano-Murillo road., c. 18–24 km W of Libano, 4°45'N, 75°10'W, 2450–2770 m, 18 May 1984, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.166664/lat 4.75)">Luteyn</a> et al. 10627 A (NY) . – VENEZUELA, Barinas, Mun. Morán, pica que va desde Buenos Aires al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.1/lat 9.566667)">Páramo de Las Rosas</a>, 9°34'N, 70°06'W, 2300–2600 m, 15 Nov. 1984, Van der <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.1/lat 9.566667)">Werff</a> 7968 (MO, UC) . Mérida, Páramo de La Negra, [8°16'N, 71°52'W], 2980 m, 13 Feb. 1939, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.86667/lat 8.266666)">Alston</a> 7000 A (COL, MO, VEN) . Táchira, carretera Bailadores-La Grita, vía <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.87945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.255555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.87945/lat 8.255555)">Páramo La Negra</a>, 8°15'20"N, 71°52'46"W, 3000 m, 29 May 2008, Vasco et al. 806, 807, 809, 812 (NY, VEN) . Trujillo, Mun. Carache, Páramo El Jabón, 9°31'N, 70°06'W, 2900–3000 m, 28 May 1988, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.1/lat 9.516666)">Rivero</a> et al. 1802 (NY, UC, VEN) . – ECUADOR. Azuay, E cordillera, 1–8 km N of the village of Sevilla de Oro, [2°48'S, 78°37'W], 2438–2743 m, 27 July–12 Aug. 1945, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.61667/lat -2.8)">Camp</a> 4590 (F, NY, US) . Carchi, Valle de Maldonado, km 53 on the road Tulcán-Maldonado, steep slopes in cloud forest, 0°50'N, 78°03'W, 3150 m, 17–18 May 1973, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.05/lat 0.8333333)">Holm-Nielsen</a> 5647 (AAU, MO, NY, UC) . Cotopaxi, in pas c. m. Corazón, [0°53'S, 78°30'W], 3400 m, Sept. 1892, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.8833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.5/lat -0.8833333)">Sodiro</a> s.n. (P) . Imbabura, N slope of Volcan Cotacachi, protected forest area above town of Peribuela, 0°22'50.7"N, 78°17.787'W, 2879 m, 30 Nov. 2006, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.29645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.38075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.29645/lat 0.38075)">Sundue</a> 1066 (NY, QCA) . Loja, about 10 km SW of Loja, along road past the University towers La Violeta, [4°02'S, 79°10'W], 2950 m, 26 Apr. 1987, Van der <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.166664/lat -4.0333333)">Werff</a> 9055 (MO, NY, UC) . Morona-Santiago, W de la ciudad del Macas, 2°18'S, 78°07'W, 1160 m, 28 Feb.1986, Baker 6689 (NY) . Napo, Paso de Guamaní, Río Chalpi, at the bridge on road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.36666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.083336/lat -0.36666667)">Papallacta-Baeza</a>, [0°22'S, 78°05'W], 2800 m, 6 May 1967, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.36666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.083336/lat -0.36666667)">Sparre</a> 15886 (S) . Pichincha, Nono- Galea, [0°04'S, 78°33'W], Sept. 1899, Sodiro s.n. (S, US); Volcán Corazón, [0°32'S, 78°39'W], Oct. 1903, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.53333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.65/lat -0.53333336)">Sodiro</a> s.n. (B) ; carretera Quito-Sto.Domingo, [0°28'S, 78°43'W], 2500 m, 24 May 1987, Van der <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.46666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.71667/lat -0.46666667)">Werff</a> 9581 (MO, NY, UC) . Sucumbios, Km 15–18, carretera Pun-Aguarico, 2800–2900 m, 13 Aug. 1949, Acosta-Solís 13283 (F) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum lehmannianum can be distinguish- ed by its epiphytic habit (although it can be terrestrial above 3000 m), short-creeping to erect rhizomes, long, linear, denticulate rhizome scales, erose to laciniate (never ciliate) larger petiole scales, and papillate spores without ridges. It exhibits considerable variation in the density of the abaxial laminar scales. Some plants have their abaxial surfaces completely obscured by the scales, whereas others are subglabrous, with the laminar scales restricted to the margins and costae. The two extremes intergrade completely. Moreover, field observations of the plants in Colombia and Venezuela reveal that scaly and glabrous laminae can be found on the same rhizome (e.g. Vasco 821, NY). The plants with glabrous laminae were described from Costa Rica as E. squamiferum, here considered a synonym.</p><p>Elaphoglossum lehmannianum resembles E. muscosum, and the latter name is the one that has been commonly applied to E. lehmannianum in Costa Rica, Panama, and northern South America. The differences between these two species, especially in the scaly specimens of E. lehmannianum, are extremely subtle. Phylogenetic molecular analyses ( Vasco &amp; Moran in prep.), however, recovered these two species in two different clades, and thus they are recognized here as two different entities. Although similar, E. lehmannianum and E. muscosum can be distinguished by scales of the rhizomes and petioles and by geographic distribution. Elaphoglossum lehmannianum has orange to dark brown denticulate rhizome scales with teeth 0.1–0.2 mm long. Elaphoglossum muscosum has reddish orange, entire rhizome scales. Occasionally these scales have teeth, but they are less than 0.1 mm long. The larger petiole scales of E. lehmannianum, although erose like those of E. muscosum, tend to have slightly longer teeth. These teeth are never longer than the scale body, as is the case in E. engelii . As to geographic distribution, E. lehmannianum occurs in Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador (Map 9). In contrast, E. muscosum occurs from Mexico to El Salvador, and in Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Southern Brazil (Map 10). The two species do not overlap geographically. Because of the variation within each species in scale shape, scale density, and lamina shape, it is difficult to find more characters that distinguish them; however, E. lehmannianum has a tendency toward darker rhizome scales, acute leaf apex, and smaller abaxial laminar scales that do not obscure the abaxial surface (especially in specimens of lower elevations). The abaxial laminar scales are stalked in both species, but tend to be longer-stalked, therefore appearing more elevated above the surface, in E. lehmannianum .</p><p>Another species with which E. lehmannianum is likely to be confused is E. ruficomum, endemic to Peru and north-western Bolivia. These two species can be distinguished by their rhizome and petiole scales. The rhizome scales of E. lehmannianum are less than 12 mm long, orange to dark brown, and dull; in contrast, those of E. ruficomum are typically 12 –20 mm long, maroon, and lustrous. The petiole scales of E. lehmannianum are erose to laciniate, whereas those of E. ruficomum are ciliate.</p><p>Although Lehmann’s main set of specimens is deposited at B, I designated the specimen at US as the lectotype. This specimen is more complete and has a rhizome and fertile leaves all belonging to a single plant. In contrast, the B specimen does not have a rhizome, and the collection consists of one fertile and three sterile leaves detached from each other .</p><p>See E. bellermannianum and E. engelii for a comparison with those species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA282B38FFFFFC548CB9FBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA292B35FCB6FB9A8EA6FDAD.text	58138794EA292B35FCB6FB9A8EA6FDAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum muscosum (Sw.) T. Moore	<div><p>9. Elaphoglossum muscosum (Sw.) T.Moore — Fig. 1i, 10; Map 10</p><p>Elaphoglossum muscosum (Sw.) T. Moore (1857c) 362.— Acrostichum muscosum Sw.(1788) 128. — Type: Swartz s.n. (lecto S, designated by Proctor (1985) 503; second-step sheet P12230, designated here; iso B (barcode W-19514,frond mounted on the right), BM (barcode 000585005), S (sheet R-65)), Jamaica.</p><p>Acrostichum muscosum var. latifolium Hook.(1864) 231. — Syntypes: Macfayden s.n. (K n.v.), Bancroft s.n. (K n.v.), Jamaica.</p><p>Elaphoglossum hookerianum Underw. ex Maxon (1909) 6. — Type: Von Tuerckheim II 1862 (lecto US, designated here; iso F, NY), Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Cobán, 1350 m, Aug. 1907 .</p><p>Plants epiphytic or epipetric. Rhizome 2 – 6 mm wide, short-creeping to erect; rhizome scales 10 –15 mm long, linear, reddish orange, entire or occasionally with small teeth (less than 0.1 mm), base truncate, apex filiform, oftentimes broken. Sterile leaves (7–)10 –35(– 40) cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 3 –15.5 cm long, 1/3 – 2/5 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 2– 6 mm long, scattered to dense, spreading, linear-lanceolate, light brown, erose, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 – 2 mm long, scattered to dense, appressed, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate, light brown, erose to ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; lamina 7–25 by (1.5–)2 – 5(–5.5) cm, oblanceolate, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to acute; veins 1– 2 mm apart, at an angle of 75° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 1–3 mm long, scattered to dense, lanceolate, white to light brown, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales (0.5 –) 1.5– 3 mm long, dense, imbricate, more dense towards the costa, slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina, lanceolate, light brown to brown, ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), very short-stalked (c. 0.1 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales same as the laminar ones, pointing at right angles to apex, slightly elevated; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 1/2 –4/5 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves but the larger ones more spreading; lamina (14.5–)18– 42(– 52) by 0.8 –2(–2.5) cm, narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, imbricate, lanceolate to round, light brown to brown, slightly darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, pointing at right angles to apex, slightly elevated, lanceolate to round, reddish brown, ciliate, base truncate, apex acute; intersporangial scales 0.5 – 2 mm long, scattered but abundant, not obscuring the sporangia, lanceolate, brown, ciliate, base truncate, apex acute. Spores papillate, without ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Brazil; 1300– 3200 m. Epiphytic or epipetric, in montane and cloud forests.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. MEXICO, Chiapas, near residences at Yerba Buena Mission, near Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan,along route 195, [17°06'N, 92°53" W] , 1524–1829 m, 18 Dec. 1972, Somers et al. 199 (NY) . Oaxaca, Dto.of Villa Alta, 2.3 miles S of Villa Alta on trail toward <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.15/lat 17.35)">Betaza</a>, [17°21'N, 96°09'W], 1520 m, 5 Aug.1962, Mickel 1126 (NY) . Veracruz, Cerro del San Martín, 28 Sept. 1971, Calzada 572 (F, MEXU) . – GUATEMALA, Alta Verapaz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.45/lat 15.433333)">Cobán</a>, Chicu’sha’b 8 km al SW de Cobán, 15°26'N, 90°27'W, 22 July 1988, Tenorio et al. 14731 (MO, NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.36667/lat 15.466666)">Cobán</a>, [15°28'N, 90°22'W], 1310 m, July 1886, Von Tuerckheim II 1001 (US) . Baja Verapaz, Chilasco, in forest on Concepción Road, [15°07'N, 90°06'W], 28 July 1971, Contreras 10916 (MO, US). Chimaltenango, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.01667/lat 14.783334)">Cerro de Tecpám</a>,region of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.01667/lat 14.783334)">Sta.Elena</a>, [14°47'N, 91°01'W] , 2700 m, 4 Dec. 1938, Standley 58696 (F, US). Huehuetenango, above San Juan Ixcoy, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.53333/lat 15.516666)">Sierra</a> de los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.53333/lat 15.516666)">Cuchumatanes</a>, [15°31'N, 91°32'W] , 2400 m, 4 Aug. 1942, Steyermark 50016 (F, US). Quezaltenango, El Pocito S of San Martín Chile Verde, on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.816667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.65/lat 14.816667)">Colomba</a>,[14°49'N, 91°39'W], 2200 m, 27 Jan.1941, Standley 84988 (F) . Quiché, Nebaj,c. 13 km on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.13333/lat 15.4)">Sacopulas Road</a>, [15°24'N, 91°08'W], 2440 m, 13 June 1964, Contreras 4978 (US) . Totonicapán, Pacajá, region of Desconsuelo, mountains above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.53333/lat 14.833333)">Totonicapán</a>, [14°50'N, 91°32'W], 3100–3200 m, 23 Jan. 1940, Standley 84561 (F) . Zacapa, summit of Sierra de las Minas,vic. of Finca Planados, 2500 m, 14 Oct. 1939, Steyermark 29999 (F) . – HONDURAS, Francisco Morazán, on Cerro La Tigra near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.11667/lat 14.2)">Tegucigalpa</a>, [14°12'N, 87°07'W], 11 Apr. 1972, Clewell s.n. (NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.083336/lat 14.016666)">Cerro de Uyuca</a>, [14°01'N, 87°05'W], 1650–2000 m, 10–20 Mar. 1951, Morton 7170 (US) . Intibucá, cut over cloud forest of Sierra Opalaca above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.36667/lat 14.5)">El Duraznillo</a>, [14°30'N, 88°22'W], 1800 m, 8 Aug.1971, Molina 26084 (F, NY) . Lempira, Celaque National Park, trail from camp 1 to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.666664/lat 14.55)">Río Naranjal</a>, 14°33'N, 88°40'W, 2000 m, 14 Nov. 1991, Moran 5540 (MO) . Ocotepeque, cloud forest of El Portillo on Cordillera Meredó, 20 km from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.066666/lat 14.466666)">Nueva Ocotepeque</a>, [14°28'N, 89°04'W], 1800 m, 28 Aug. 1968, Molina 22327 (F) . Santa Bárbara, 7 km N of El Mochito,on the E slopes of Mt Santa Bárbara, 14°55'N ,</p><p>187</p><p>88°07'W, 2200–2500 m, 23 Nov. 1991, Moran 5710 (MO). – EL SALVADOR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.083336/lat 14.333333)">Chalatenango</a>, El Pital, [14°20'N, 89°05'W] , 2600 m, 16 Nov. 1978, Seiler 740 (NY). Santa Ana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.36667/lat 14.383333)">Bosque Montecristo</a>, [14°23'N, 89°22'W] , 2200 m, 10 Oct. 1978, Seiler 653 (F, NY, UC). – CUBA, Oriente, Sierra Maestra, Pico de La Bayanesa, N slope , 1530 m, 16–19 July 1955, Schultes et al. 560 (GH). Santiago de Cuba, crest of Sierra Maestra between Pico Turquino and La Bayanesa ,[19°59'22"N, 76°50'09"W], 1350 m, 27–29 Oct.1941, Morton 3792 (US). – JAMAICA, Portland, vic.of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.6/lat 18.05)">Portland Gap</a>,[18°03'N, 76°36'W] , 1650 m, 16 Mar. 1920, Maxon 1094 (US). St. Andrew, vic. of Cinchona, summit Sir John Peak, [18°06'N, 76°38'W], 2–10 Sept. 1906, Underwood 3212 (NY, US). – HAITI, Guimbi Galata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.63333/lat 18.1)">Morres des Commissaires</a>, 1800 m, 24 Oct. 1943, Holdridge 1796 (US). – DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Ázua, Sierra de Ocoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.5/lat 18.633333)">San José de Ocoa</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.5/lat 18.633333)">Loma Sucia</a>,[18°38'N, 70°30'W] , 2300 m, 21 Mar. 1929, Ekman 11998 (S). Elias Piña, Sierra de Neiba, 31–34 km by road NNW of La Descubierta, 11–14 km N of El Angel Felix , [18°38'N, 71°46'W], 1850–1900 m, 21 Feb. 1983, Mickel et al. 8773 (NY). Independencia, Sierra <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.76667/lat 18.633333)">de Neiba</a>, entre cerros de Plan Ciquen and Loma <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.76667/lat 18.633333)">El</a> Hoyazo, 34 km de la Descubierta en la carretera de la frontera a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.76667/lat 18.633333)">Aniseto Martínez</a> y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.76667/lat 18.633333)">Valle Hondo</a>, 18°41'N, 71°47'W, 1800 m, 15 Dec. 1982, Zanoni et al. 24902 (JBSD, NY). La Vega, Loma de Mono Mojao y arroyo <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.78333/lat 18.683332)">Las Piedras</a>, 36 km S de Constanza , 18°43'N, 70°47'W, 2150 m, 10 June 1982, Zanoni 20879 (JBSD). Pedernales, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.78333/lat 18.716667)">Sierra de Baoruco</a>, 45 km S of Jimaní-Duverge Hwy (cruce del escondido) , 8 km S of El Aguacate, 7.2 km N of the ridge top, [18°17'N, 71°43'W], 1700 m, 22 Feb. 1983, Mickel et al. 8870 (NY). Peravia, Río La Nevera, arriba del Vivero La Nevera de la Dirección Nacional Forestal, 41 km N de San José de Ocoa , 18°41'N, 70°35'W, 2200 m, 7 Feb. 1984, Zanoni et al. 29051 (NY, US). San Juan, trail between Lagunita (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.98333/lat 19.016666)">Lagüita</a>) and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.98333/lat 19.016666)">Pico Duarte</a>, [19°01'N, 70°59'W] , 2250 m, 20 July 1967, Gastony et al. 376 (GH, NY). – BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Serra dos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.633335/lat -21.866667)">Órgãos</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.633335/lat -21.866667)">Picada do Rancho Frio</a>, [21°52'S, 42°38'W] , 1400 m, 24 July 1940, Brade 16466 (RB) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum muscosum is characterized by compact rhizomes, rhizome scales linear with long-filiform apex, erose petiole scales, and papillate spores. The density of the laminar scales is variable. Specimens from Jamaica (where the type was collected), Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Brazil have laminae completely covered by scales, whereas specimens from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras tend to have smaller and more dissected abaxial laminar scales that do not always obscure the surface of the lamina.</p><p>Elaphoglossum muscosum has been the name previously applied to specimens from Costa Rica, Panama, and northern South America that I recognize here as E. lehmannianum . The two species are subtly different morphologically, and their differences are further supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis ( Vasco &amp; Moran in prep.). See notes under E. lehmannianum for a comparison of these two species. Also, see E. bellermannianum for a comparison with that species.</p><p>The application of the name E. muscosum has been confusing because, in the protologue, Swartz (1788) provided a Latin description of plants he had collected in Jamaica, but cited an illustration from Plumier (1705) t. 139. The specimens annotated by Swartz and the Latin description agree with the present use of the name, whereas the illustration probably corresponds to E. eggersii (Baker) Christ.</p><p>The isotype of E. muscosum at B (B-W-19514) is the frond mounted on the right side of the sheet. The frond on the left is the fertile lamina of another species of Elaphoglossum . Apparently, the frond of E. muscosum was mounted on this sheet by mistake, instead of on sheet B-W-19523. The B-W-19523 sheet has information about E. muscosum, but it has a sterile frond that presumably should have been mounted with the fertile frond of sheet B-W-19514.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA292B35FCB6FB9A8EA6FDAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA242B37FFFFFD8F8AA8FF1F.text	58138794EA242B37FFFFFD8F8AA8FF1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum novogranatense A. Vasco 2011	<div><p>10. Elaphoglossum novogranatense A.Vasco, sp. nov. — Fig. 1j, 11; Map 11</p><p>Haec species quoad habitum epiphyticum,rhizomata breviter repentia usque erecta, petiolorum squamas ciliatas majores, laminam abaxialiter glabram vel subglabram squamis sparsim dispersis nunquam imbricatis et sporas papillatas Elaphoglosso glabrescenti similis, sed ab eo squamis costalibus adaxialibus atrobrunneis, venis prominentibus et praesentia squamarum inter sporangia differt. — Typus: Vasco et al. 746 (holo HUA; iso COL, NY), Colombia, Risaralda, Mun. Santuario, PNN Tatamá, camino que lleva al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.04589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.122778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.04589/lat 5.122778)">Páramo de Tatamá</a>, 5°07'22.0"N, 76°02'45.2"W, 3060 m, 17 Apr. 2007 .</p><p>Plants epiphytic. Rhizome 3– 5 mm wide, short-creeping to erect; rhizome scales 5– 9(–13) mm long, linear-lanceolate, orange to dark brown, denticulate to ciliate, base truncate to slightly cordate or stalked, apex filiform to tortuous. Sterile leaves 20 – 36(– 50) cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, not obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 8 –15(– 21) cm long, 1/3 –1/2 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 3– 5 mm long, dense, spreading, lanceolate to oblanceolate, orange to dark brown, sometimes mottled or darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base truncate, sometimes short-stalked, apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 –1 mm long, dense, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate to round, orange to dark brown, or mottled, ciliate, base truncate to stalked, apex acute; lamina 11– 24(– 30) by 3– 5 cm, oblanceolate to lanceolate, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex obtuse; veins 1–2 mm apart, at an angle of 75– 80° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 1–2 mm long, scattered, oblanceolate, white to light brown, ciliate, base cordate to truncate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 0.5 –3 mm long, from absent to scattered, when present slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina and never imbricate, lanceolate to round, orange to dark brown, sometimes mottled with lighter margin, ciliate, base truncate to short-stalked, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5 –2.5 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex, not elevated, lanceolate to round, dark brown, sometimes mottled, ciliate, base cordate to truncate, apex acute; marginal scales 0.5 –1 mm long, dense, oblanceolate, orange, ciliate, base truncate, short-stalked, apex acute. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 3/5 –5/7 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves; lamina 9 –15 by 1.5– 2 cm, narrowly-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, base truncate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, dense, oblanceolate to round, orange to dark brown, sometimes mottled, long-ciliate, base truncate to cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex, slightly elevated, oblanceolate to round, orange to dark brown, sometimes mottled, long-ciliate, base truncate to short-stalked, apex acute; intersporangial scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, scattered, not obscuring the sporangia, lanceolate to oblanceolate, orange, sometimes mottled, long-ciliate, base truncate, apex acute to filiform. Spores papillate, without ridges.</p><p>189 Distribution — Colombia, Ecuador; 2600– 3300 m. Epiphytic in montane and cloud forests.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Mun.Bello, Corregimiento de San Felix, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.64833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.343889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.64833/lat 6.343889)">Alto de Las Baldías</a>, sector antenas de El Colombiano, 6°20'38"N, 75°38'54"W, 2950–3050 m, 1 Oct.2005, Rodríguez et al. 5500 (HUA, NY) . Cauca, Km 55 on road from Totoró to Inzá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.5166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.183334/lat 2.5166667)">E of Páramo de Guanacas</a>, [2°31'N, 76°11'W], 2 Aug. 1972, Barrington 484 (COL) ; Mun. Puracé, San Rafael Km 149, vía La Plata-Popayán, margen derecha del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.3333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.5/lat 2.3333333)">Río Cocuy</a>, [2°20'N, 76°30'W], 3300 m, 16 Apr. 1982, Torres 884 (COL) . Huila, Macizo Colombiano, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.65/lat 1.9)">Páramo de Las Papas</a>, cerros y alrededores de la laguna La Magdalena, [1°54'N, 76°39'W], 3530 m, 16 Oct. 1958, Idrobo et al. 2947pp (COL) . Risaralda, Mun. Santuario, PNN Tatamá, camino que lleva al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.04183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.124472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.04183/lat 5.124472)">Páramo de Tatamá</a>, subiendo hacia Morro Zancudo, 5°07'28.1"N, 76°02'30.6"W, 2643 m, 17 Apr. 2007, Vasco et al. 735 (HUA, NY) ; same locality, 5°07'22.7"N, 76°02'40.5"W, 3060 m, 17 Apr. 2007, Vasco et al. 742 (HUA, NY) .– ECUADOR, Carchi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.8833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.066666/lat 0.8833333)">Valle de Maldonado</a>,km 67 on the road Tulcán-Maldonado, 0°53'N, 78°04'W, 2600 m, 21 May 1973, Holm-Nielsen et al. 6246 (AAU) ; border area Prov. Carchi and Sucumbios, road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.63333/lat 0.6)">Julio Andrade-Playón de San Francisco</a>, [0°36'N, 77°38'W], 3300 m, 9 Aug. 1989, Van der Werff 11067 (MO) . Chimborazo, along road Julio Andrade-El Carmelo-Tulcán, 2900–3200 m, 7 Aug. 1989, Van der Werff 10962 (MO, UC) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum novogranatense can be distinguish- ed by its epiphytic habit, short-creeping to erect rhizomes, appressed, dark brown abaxial costal scales, and papillate spores. The abaxial lamina surface is always visible, prominently veined, and either glabrous or sparsely scaly. Elaphoglossum novogranatense is similar to E. glabrescens, from which it can be distinguished by its appressed, dark brown adaxial costal scales, and the presence of intersporangial scales. In contrast, E. glabrescens has appressed to spreading, orange to dark brown, sometimes mottled with lighter margin or darker at the point of attachment costal scales, and lacks intersporangial scales.</p><p>See E. aschersonii for a comparison with that species.</p><p>The specific epithet refers to New Granada (Nueva Granada), a former name for Colombia, after which the species is named.</p><p>191</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA242B37FFFFFD8F8AA8FF1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA272B36FFFFFF438AA8FB80.text	58138794EA272B36FFFFFF438AA8FB80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum oculatum Mickel	<div><p>11. Elaphoglossum oculatum Mickel — Fig. 1k, 12; Map 12</p><p>Elaphoglossum oculatum Mickel (1991) 150. — Type: Hutchison 1629 (holo U; iso GH), Peru, Piura, Prov. Huancabamba, above Huancabamba, road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.233333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.45/lat -5.233333)">Canchaque</a>, [5°14'S, 79°27'W], 3100 m, 10 Oct. 1957.</p><p>Plants epiphytic. Rhizome 3 – 5 mm wide, compact; rhizome scales 5 –10 mm long, linear-lanceolate, dark brown, darker at the centre, denticulate, base truncate, apex acuminate. Sterile leaves 22– 35 cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 8 –13 cm long, 2/5 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 3 – 4.5 mm long, dense, ascending, ovate, with the point of attachment dark brown, or mottled with lighter margin, erose to laciniate, base cordate, apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.2 –1 mm long, dense, ovate to round, with the point of attachment dark brown, or mottled with lighter margin, erose to laciniate, base cordate, apex acute; lamina 13– 22 by 3 – 4 cm, oblong to oblanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse; veins 1–1.5 mm apart, at an angle of 75– 80° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.2 – 0.5 mm long, scattered, round, some highly dissected, white to light brown, long-ciliate, base cordate to truncate; abaxial laminar scales 0.2 – 0.5 mm long, scattered, round, some highly dissected, light brown, long-ciliate, base cordate to truncate; abaxial costal scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex, not elevated, ovate to round, dark brown or mottled with white margin, laciniate to ciliate, base strongly cordate, apex acute; marginal scales 0.5 –1.5 mm long, dense, obovate to oblanceolate, light brown to slightly mottled, laciniate, base cordate to short-stalked (up to 0.1 mm), apex acute. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 1/2 – 3/5 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves; lamina 8 –19 by 1– 2 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to truncate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.5–1.5 mm long, dense, oblanceolate to round, dark brown or mottled with lighter margin, laciniate to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, imbricate, not elevated, oblanceolate to round, orange, laciniate to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; intersporangial scales 0.5–1.5 mm long, dense, almost covering the sporangia, oblanceolate to round, orange, ciliate, base cordate to truncate, apex filiform to acute. Spores papillate, with ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Peru, known only from two collections from Piura, Prov. Huancabamba; 3000 – 3100 m. Epiphytic in cloud forests.</p><p>Other specimen examined. PERU, Piura, Prov.Huancabamba,above Canchaque on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.233333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.45/lat -5.233333)">Huancabamba</a>,below summit,[5°14'S, 79°27'W], 3000 m, 10 Oct. 1957, Hutchison 1651 (UC, USM) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum oculatum can be distinguished by its large petiole scales that are ovate, have a dark point of attachment, and are mottled with a white margin. Furthermore, the laminar scales are 0.2 – 0.5 mm long, round, highly dissected, long-ciliate, and the abaxial costal scales are dark brown or mottled with white margin. The spores are ridged and papillate. The laminar scales are more abundant on the abaxial surface, but they are so small that the surfaces appear glabrous to the naked eye.</p><p>This species is similar to E. corderoanum but differs by its shorter (0.2– 0.5 mm long) laminar scales and dark-brown abaxial costal scales. Elaphoglossum corderoanum has larger (0.5 –2.5 mm long) laminar scales and light-brown abaxial costal scales.</p><p>Elaphoglossum oculatum is only known from two collections collected in north-western Peru, in a cloud forest at 3000– 3100 m. The two paratypes of E. oculatum (Mickel 1991), Woykowski 35433 (UC, US) and Soukup 176 (F), are E. bellermannianum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA272B36FFFFFF438AA8FB80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA272B30FCB6FBBD8B5EFA2E.text	58138794EA272B30FCB6FBBD8B5EFA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum oreophilum A. Vasco 2011	<div><p>12. Elaphoglossum oreophilum A.Vasco, sp. nov. — Fig. 1l, 13; Map 13</p><p>Haec species quoad habitum terrestrem, rhizoma longirepente, laminas foliares oblanceolatas usque oblongas apicibus obtusis basibus truncatis et sporas papillatas porcatas Elaphoglosso yatesii similis,sed ab eo rhizomatis crassioris (3–5 mm) squamis fuscis vel atrofuscis saepe bicoloribus marginibus pallidioribus, petiolo marginato sicut laminae squamis abaxialibus longiciliatis et squamis costalibus abaxialibus adpressis differt. — Typus: Øllgaard &amp; Balslev 8149 (holo NY; iso AAU, GH), Ecuador, Napo, road Quito-Baeza, 7–8 km NW of Laguna de Papallacta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.31666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.13333/lat -0.31666666)">Páramo de Guamaní</a>, 0°19'S, 78°08'W, 3800 m, 20 July 1976 .</p><p>Plants epiphytic or terrestrial. Rhizome 3–5 mm wide,long-creeping; rhizome scales 3 – 9 mm long, linear-lanceolate, light brown to dark brown, bicolorous with the margin lighter or mottled, denticulate, base cordate, apex filiform. Sterile leaves 20 –45 cm long, approximate to up to 1 cm apart; phyllopodia present, sometimes obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 9 –28 cm long, c. 1/2 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 4– 8 mm long, dense, spreading, sometimes pointing forward to the petiole, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, light brown to dark brown, or mottled, darker at the point of attachment, margin lighter, laciniate to long-ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.2–1(– 3) mm long, dense, appressed, oblanceolate to round, mottled to dark brown, always with lighter margin, long-ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; lamina 9 – 27 by 2– 6 cm, oblanceolate to oblong, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate to obtuse, apex obtuse; veins 0.7–1.5 mm apart, at an angle of 75– 80° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, imbricate or not, lanceolate to round, white to brown, sometimes darker along the costa, erose to long-ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 0.5–1 mm long, dense, imbricate, not elevated to slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina, oblanceolate to round, light brown to orange, ciliate to long-ciliate, base stalked (up to 0.2 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.2– 3 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex, 193</p><p>f</p><p>becoming spreading towards the base, not elevated, oblanceolate to round, dark brown with lighter margin or mottled, ciliate to long-ciliate, base cordate to truncate, apex acute; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 3/5– 2/3 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves; lamina 10– 24 by 1.5 –3.6 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, coriaceous, base truncate to obtuse, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.4 –1 mm long, dense, imbricate, lanceolate to round, white to light brown sometimes mottled, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5 –2 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex, slightly elevated, lanceolate to round, dark brown with lighter margin or mottled, erose to ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked, apex acute; intersporangial scales 0.2– 2 mm long, scattered, sometimes inconspicuous, lanceolate to round, light brown to mottled, ciliate, base cordate to truncate, apex acute. Spores papillate, with ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Colombia, Ecuador; 3000 –4200 m. Mainly terrestrial or growing in mats of bryophytes in páramos.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Caldas, PNN los Nevados,Alto del Cisne, 4°57'44.8"N, 75°21'15.1"W, 4050 m, 8 Aug. 2006, Vasco 600 (HUA,MO,NY). Cauca, en el alto del Volcán Puracé, [2°15'N, 76°25'W], 3000 m, 7 Nov. 1948, Yepes-Agredo et al. 18 Ca. 123 (COL, MEDEL, US). Nariño, Mun. Pasto, Volcán Galeras, páramo al S de la cima, [1°13'N, 77°22'W], 3700 m, 24 Dec. 1972, Hagemann 1780 (COL, PSO). Quindío, Mun.Salento,vereda Cocora below Nevado del Quindío,4°40–45'N,75°20– 25'W, 3500 m, 20–22 May 1989, Luteyn et al. 13052 (COL,NY). Risaralda, Mun. Sta.Rosa, vertiente Occidental,hacienda La Sierra,[4°50'N, 75°32"W], 3700 m, 22 Jan.1980, Jaramillo-Mejía et al.5846 (COL). Valle, hoya del Río Bugalagrande, Bargaán, Páramo de Bavaya, [4°01'N, 75°52'W], 3600 m, 16 Mar. 1946, Cuatrecasas 20043 (US). – ECUADOR, Azuay, Páramo de Soldados, at highest point of road W of Soldados, 2°57'S, 79°18'W, 3700–4000 m, 3 Mar. 1985, Øllgaard et al. 58524 (AAU). Carchi, Páramo El Angel, in the pass on road El Angel-Tulcán, very humid Espeletia-páramo, 0°41'N, 78°54'W, 3750–3850 m, 15 May 1973, Holm-Nielsen et al. 5482 (AAU, MO, NY). Chimborazo, Cerros Yuibug-Pailacajas, E side of the mountain ridge, 1°45'S, 78°27'W, 4100–4200 m, 30 July 1997, Sklenar 3077 (NY). Esmeraldas, between Río Blanco and Río Quinindé, near the town of Qunindé,[0°22'N, 79°44'W], 1980, De Vélez 4016 (COL). Imbabura, timber line vegetation on Hacienda Yura Cruz, 10 km N of Ibarra, 0°22'N, 78°05'W, 3700–3800 m, 25 May 1973, Holm-Nielsen et al. 6501 (AAU, UC). Napo, road Quito-Baeza, 5 km NW of Laguna de Papallacta,Páramo de Guamaní, 0°19'S, 78°07'W, 3700–3750 m, 18 July 1976, Øllgaard 8068 (AAU, NY). Pichincha, road Olmedo-Laguna San Marcos,W of the pass, 0°05'N, 78°01'W, 3600 m, 10 July 1980, Øllgaard et al. 34375 (AAU); along road Quito- Papallacta, in páramo near Papallacta, [0°25'S, 79°10'W], 2800–3900 m, 27 Feb. 1994, Van der Werff 13359 (MO, NY). Tungurahua, Santiago de Pillaro, Parque Nacional Llanganates, W of Cerro Hermoso, near saddle between headwaters of Río Topo, 1°11'40"S, 78°19'34"W, 3950 m, 12 Nov. 1999, Neill et al. 11995 (MO, UC).</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum oreophilum can be distinguished from all other species of subsect. Muscosa by its petiole scales and by its abaxial laminar scales. These scales have the cells of the body differentiated (Fig. 13c, f, g, k). The central portion is formed of irregular, usually darker isodiametric cells, and the broad border is formed of usually lighter, elongated cells. The latter cells have their long axes perpendicular to that of the scale. This characteristic is not easily detected with the naked eye and even with a dissecting microscope sometimes can be difficult to discern. Another peculiarity is that the laminar scales tend to be round instead of oblanceolate to lanceolate as in most species in the group. The species is further characterized by long-creeping rhizomes, abaxial costal scales not elevated, darker and differentiated from the laminar scales, and papillate, ridged spores. It is terrestrial and always occurs over 3000 m.</p><p>Elaphoglossum oreophilum is similar to E. yatesii . Both species occur only above 3000 m in Colombia and Ecuador. They share a mainly terrestrial habit, long-creeping rhizomes, oblanceolate to oblong laminae with obtuse apex and truncate base, and papillate, ridged spores. They can be distinguished by their rhizome diameter and scales of the rhizomes, petioles, and laminae. Elaphoglossum oreophilum has thicker rhizomes (3–5 mm), brown to dark-brown rhizome scales often bicolorous with lighter margin, laciniate to long-ciliate petiole and abaxial laminar scales, and abaxial costal scales not elevated. In contrast, E. yatesii has thinner rhizomes (1– 3 mm), typically dark-brown rhizome scales, erose to ciliate petiole and abaxial laminar scales, and abaxial costal scales elevated.</p><p>The specific epithet comes from the Greek oreo -, which means pertaining to mountains, and - philus meaning loving. It refers to the restricted occurrence of this species in mountains of Ecuador and Colombia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA272B30FCB6FBBD8B5EFA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA212B32FCB6FA0D8B0DFDF1.text	58138794EA212B32FCB6FA0D8B0DFDF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum quisqueyanum A. Vasco 2011	<div><p>13. Elaphoglossum quisqueyanum A.Vasco, sp. nov. — Fig. 1m, 14; Map 14</p><p>Haec species quoad habitum terrestrem, squamas rhizomatis ciliatas et laminae foliaris squamas abaxiales densas imbricatas leviter arcuatas Elaphoglosso engelii similis,sed ab eo rhizomatis crassioris ramosi squamarum ciliis paucioribus longioribus (usque ad 0.6 mm) et sporis papillosis porcatis differt.— Typus: Ekman 13556 (holo NY;iso F, GH,US), Dominican Republic, Ázua, Cordillera Central, Loma de la Mediania, [19°04'N, 71°07'W], 2600 m, 15 Sept. 1929 .</p><p>Plants terrestrial. Rhizome 5–10 mm wide, long-creeping; rhizome scales 8 –11 mm long, linear-lanceolate, maroon to dark brown, sometimes bicolorous, margin lighter, ciliate, denticulate to ciliate (the cilia up to 0.6 mm long), base truncate, apex filiform. Sterile leaves 20–45 cm long, approximate to up to 1 cm apart; phyllopodia present, sometimes obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 8 –25 cm long, 2/5 –3/5 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 4 –7 mm long, dense, spreading, sometimes pointing forward, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, from orange to brown or mottled, darker at the point of attachment, erose to ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 – 2(–3) mm long, dense, appressed,</p><p>195 oblanceolate to round, from orange to brown, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; lamina 9 – 28 by 2.1–4.2 cm, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate to rounded, apex obtuse; veins 1–1.5 mm apart, at an angle of 75° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 1.5– 3 mm long, dense, imbricate, oftentimes pointing downwards, lanceolate, white to light brown, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 1–3.5 mm long, dense, imbricate, slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina, lanceolate to oblanceolate, from orange to brown, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base stalked (up to 0.4 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales same as the laminar ones, longer; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 3/5– 3/4 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves but the larger ones more spreading; lamina 9.5 – 20 by 1–2.1 cm, narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, base truncate to broadly cuneate, apex acute to obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 1–3 mm long, dense, imbricate, lanceolate, from orange to brown, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial costal scales 1–4 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex or at right angles, slightly elevated, lanceolate to round, from light to dark brown, darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; intersporangial scales 1–2.5 mm long, scattered, lanceolate, from light to dark brown, ciliate, base cordate to truncate, apex acute. Spores papillate, with ridges.</p><p>10 cm 1 cm h g 1 cm i e f 1 mm j 1 mm d a c 0.5 mm b 2 mm 1 mm</p><p>Distribution — Dominican Republic, provinces of Ázua and La Vega; 2000– 2800 m. Terrestrial in cloud forests.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Ázua, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.63333/lat 18.783333)">between Valle Nuevo and Azua</a>, [18°47'N, 70°38'W], 2000–3000 m, 24 Dec. 1964, Jones 1119 (GH, NY) . La Vega, in Loma Rosilla, 2700 m, 6 Aug.1912, Fuertes 1808 (GH, NY, US) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.683334/lat 18.8)">Valle Nuevo</a>,[18°48'N, 70°41'W], 2300 m, 5Apr. 1947, Jiménez 1379 (NY, US) ; 11 km S of Constanza, vía el Convento, on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.683334/lat 18.85)">San José de Ocoa</a>, vic. of El Convento, 18°51'N, 70°41'W, 1500 m, 24 July 1980, Mejía 7650 (NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.63333/lat 18.8)">Pico Alto de la Bandera</a>, E de Valle Nuevo, 18°48'N, 70°38'W, 2790–2800 m, 14 May 1982, Zanoni 20681 (JBSD) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.625/lat 18.766666)">Cordillera Central</a>, 31.9 km S de Constanza (camino vía Río Grande), 6 km N del monumento La Pirámide, 18°46'N, 70°37.5'W, 2225 m, 11 June 1982, Zanoni 20917 (JBSD, MO, NY) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum quisqueyanum is characterized by a terrestrial habit, long-creeping rhizomes, maroon to dark brown, linear, denticulate to ciliate rhizome scales, erose to ciliate larger petiole scales, and papillate, ridged spores. It resembles E. engelii, a species from Central and South America, but differs by its thicker (5–10 mm wide) rhizomes, rhizome scales denticulate to ciliate, the cilia up to 0.6 mm long, and papillate, ridged spores. In contrast, E. engelii has thinner (4– 8 mm wide) rhizomes, scales that when ciliate, have abundant cilia that are no longer than 0.4 mm, and spores with ridges and irregular deposits.</p><p>The specimen Jones &amp; Norris 1119 (NY) is a small form of this species, with thinner rhizomes and smaller leaves, but is otherwise typical.</p><p>The specific epithet refers to Quisqueya, the name given by the indigenous peoples, the Tainos, to the Dominican Republic, where this species is endemic. In the Taino language quisqueya means ‘Mother of the Earth’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA212B32FCB6FA0D8B0DFDF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA232B0CFCB6FD4C8DBDFA86.text	58138794EA232B0CFCB6FD4C8DBDFA86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum ruficomum Mickel	<div><p>14. Elaphoglossum ruficomum Mickel — Fig. 1n, 15; Map 12</p><p>Elaphoglossum ruficomum Mickel (1991) 159 (‘ ruficomus ’). — Type: Sagástegui et al. 12091 (holo NY; iso GH), Peru, Cajamarca, Celendín, Sendamal, ruta a Celendín, 3050 m, 17 Aug. 1984 .</p><p>Plants terrestrial. Rhizome 8 –11 mm wide, compact; rhizome scales (6–)12–16(– 20) mm long, linear, red-orange, lustrous, entire to denticulate, base truncate, apex filiform. Sterile leaves (8–)16– 30(– 55) cm long, approximate; phyllopodia present, obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole (3.5 –)7–17(–27) cm long, 1/3 –2/5 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales (3–) 4 –6 mm long, dense, spreading, linear-lanceolate, light brown, sometimes dark brown or mottled, ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.5 –1(– 3) mm long, dense, appressed, oftentimes hidden by the larger ones, oblanceolate to round, light brown, sometimes black or mottled with lighter margin, ciliate, base cordate (sometimes appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; lamina (5–)10–17(–27) by 1.4 –3.5 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to acute; veins 1– 2 mm apart, at an angle of 75– 80° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 1– 3 mm long, dense, imbricate, pointing downwards, lanceolate, white, the costal ones sometimes darker at the point of attachment to completely black, ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 1– 3 mm long, dense, imbricate to scattered, slightly elevated above the surface of the lamina to patent, lanceolate to oblanceolate, light brown, sometimes darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked (up to 0.2 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales same as the laminar ones, pointing forward to apex or at right angles, slightly elevated; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves equal to longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 2/5– 3/5 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves but the larger ones more spreading; lamina 8 –20(– 25) by 0.8– 2.5 cm, narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, base truncate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 1–2.5 mm long, dense, imbricate, lanceolate, white to light orange, ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked (less than 1 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales 1–3 mm long, dense, pointing forward to the apex or at right angles, slightly elevated to patent, lanceolate to round, orange to black with lighter margin, ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked, apex acute; intersporangial scales 1– 2 mm long, absent to scattered, lanceolate, orange, sometimes darker at the point of attachment, ciliate, base cordate, apex acute. Spores papillate, without ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Peru, Bolivia; 1900– 4300 m. Usually terrestrial in montane and cloud forests and in páramos.</p><p>1 mm</p><p>197</p><p>b</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. PERU, Amazonas, Prov.Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, E side, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.9166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.75/lat 6.9166665)">19 km above Leimebamba</a> on road to Balsas, [6°55'N, 77°45'W], 3100 m, 6 June 1964, Hutchison 5567 (GH, NY, UC) . Ancash, Prov. Yungay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.55/lat -8.95)">Huascarán National Park</a>, quebrada Paria, 8°57'S, 77°33'W, 4200 m, 13 Jan. 1985, Smith et al. 9174 (MO, NY) . Apurimac, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.083336/lat -13.633333)">5 km N of Huancarama</a>, [13°38'S, 73°05'W], 3500 m, 6 Nov. 1935, West 3801 (UC) . Ayacucho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.88333/lat -12.75)">Prov. La Mar</a>, E massi of the Cordillera Central opposing the cordillera Vilcabamba between Tambo San Miguel, Ayna and the Hacienda Luisiana, 12°45'S, 73°53'W, 24 Aug.1968, Dudley 12057 (GH, MO, US) . Cajamarca, Prov. Cajabamba, Cajabamba-Luchubamba, 3800 m, 17 Nov. 1983, Sagástegui et al. 11200 (GH, MO, NY) . Cusco, Prov. La Convención, Dist. Vilcabamba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98333/lat -13.116667)">Vilcabamba La Vieja</a>, 13°07'S, 72°59'W, 1892 m, 20 Sept. 2003, Calatayud et al. 1873 (MO, NY, UC) . Huánuco, Pampayacu, [11°09'07"S, 76°36'15"W], 17 Jan. 1927, Kanehira 164 (GH, US) . Junín, Prov. Huancayo, Torre-Torre, [12°04'S, 75°14'W], Feb. 1948, Soukup 3593 (F, US) . La Libertad, Prov. Sánchez Carrión,road from Trujillo to Huamachuco, at edge of escarpment where road begins descent toward Aricapampa, 4000 m, 22 Feb.1982, Dimmitt 1135 (NY) . Lambayeque, Prov. Ferreñafe,c. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.233333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.316666/lat -6.233333)">7 km NW of Incahuasi</a>,near Cerro Punamachay on trail to laguna Ualtaco, [6°14'S, 79°19'W], 16 Nov. 1984, Dillon 4116 (F, GH) . Pasco, Prov. Oxapampa, Dsit. Huancabamba, sector Santa Barbara-Milpo, 10°22'55"S, 75°37'19"W, 1 Feb. 2005, Mellado 2725 (MO, NY) . Puno, Prov. Carabaya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.816667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.48333/lat -13.816667)">10 km S of Ollachea</a>, [13°49'S, 70°29'W], 13 Aug. 1980, Boeke 2970 (HUA, MO, NY) . San Martín, Prov. Mariscal Cáceres,Puerta del Monte valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.25/lat -7.75)">Río Abiseo National Park</a>, [7°45'S, 77°15'W], 3550 m, 11 Mar. 1988, León 1441 (NY) . – BOLIVIA, La Paz, Prov. Murillo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.11667/lat -16.15)">Valle de Zongo</a>, Santa Rosa, 3 km hacia La Paz, [16°09'S, 68°07'W], 3030 m, 8 Apr. 1979, Beck 1094 (LPB, NY) ; Prov. Larecaja, Gran Poder, small gold mine about <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.65/lat -15.633333)">40 km N of Sorata</a>, below Tacacoma, [15°38'S, 68°39'W], 3000 m, 7 June 1950, Brooke 6447 (BM, F, NY) ; Prov. Nor Yungas, Unduavi, [16°19'S, 67°54'W], 3200 m, Feb. 1914, Buchtien s.n. (F, NY); Prov. Murillo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.13611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.18611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.13611/lat -16.18611)">Zongo Valley</a>, c. 62 km from La Paz, the Chaca, Pampa turn off, 16°11'10"S, 68°08'10"W, 3500 m, 5–6 Aug. 1990, Fay 2868 (LPB, MO, NY, UC) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum ruficomum can be distinguished from all other species of subsect. Muscosa by its long ((6 –) 12– 20 mm), linear, bright red-orange rhizome scales. Also distinctive are its terrestrial habit and compact rhizomes. It differs from E. engelii by the long, entire to denticulate rhizome scales and papillate spores. Elaphoglossum engelii has scales that are typically up to 12 mm long, ciliate, with many teeth longer than 0.2 mm, and spores with ridges and irregular deposits.</p><p>See E. lehmannianum for a comparison with that species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA232B0CFCB6FD4C8DBDFA86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
58138794EA1D2B0EFFFFFAAA8D2EFB19.text	58138794EA1D2B0EFFFFFAAA8D2EFB19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elaphoglossum yatesii (Sodiro) Christ. Christ 1899	<div><p>15. Elaphoglossum yatesii (Sodiro) Christ — Fig. 1o, 16; Map 15</p><p>Elaphoglossum yatesii (Sodiro) Christ (1899) 83,f. 37. — Acrostichum yatesii Sodiro (1890) 174.— Type: Sodiro s.n. (lecto P (barcode P00577720),designated here; iso P (barcode 00577721), QPLS n.v.), Ecuador, Pichincha, Crece en la pendiente occidental del Pichincha a 3900 m en el sitio llamado ‘ Tablahuasi’, s.d.</p><p>Elaphoglossum ellipsoideum (Sodiro) C.Chr. (1913) 42. — Acrostichum ellipsoideum Sodiro (1908) 164. — Type: Sodiro s.n. (lecto QPLS, designated here), Ecuador, Napo, Crescit in silvis suband. Andinum or ppe. Oacachi, s.d.</p><p>Elaphoglossum viscidilum (Sodiro) C.Chr. (1913) 43. — Acrostichum viscidulum Sodiro (1908) 165. — Type: Sodiro s.n. (lecto QPLS, designated here), Ecuador, Tungurahua, Crescit in silvis suband. Occid. vulc. Tungurahua, s.d.</p><p>Plants terrestrial or epipetric. Rhizome 1–3(–4) mm wide, long-creeping; rhizome scales 4 – 5 mm long, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, maroon to dark brown, sometimes bicolorous with lighter margin, denticulate to ciliate, base cordate (appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acuminate to filiform. Sterile leaves 13–33 cm long, 1– 2 cm apart; phyllopodia present, not obscured by the petiole-base scales; petiole 6.5 – 20 cm long, 1/2– 3/5 the length of the sterile leaves; larger petiole scales 3 – 5 mm long, dense, spreading, to most of the times pointing forward to the petiole, lanceolate to oblanceolate, light brown to dark brown, or mottled, always darker at the point of attachment, margin lighter, erose, base cordate, apex acute; smaller petiole scales 0.2 –1(– 3) mm long, dense, appressed, oblanceolate to round, light brown to dark brown, or mottled, darker at the point of attachment or bicolorous with the centre dark brown and the margin lighter, erose to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; lamina 6.5 –13 by 1.7–3 cm, linear-lanceolate to ovate, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate to obtuse, apex obtuse; veins c. 1 mm apart, at an angle of 75– 80° with respect to the costa; adaxial laminar scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, imbricate, oblanceolate to round, white to black or mottled, erose to laciniate, base cordate, apex acute; abaxial laminar scales 0.5 – 2.5 mm long, dense, imbricate, elevated above the surface of the lamina to patent, oblanceolate to round, light brown to orange, sometimes dark brown, ciliate, base stalked (up to 0.3 mm), apex acute; abaxial costal scales 2 –3 mm long, dense, pointing at right angles, elevated, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, dark brown to black, always with lighter margin, erose to ciliate, base cordate to short-stalked, apex acute; marginal scales same as the laminar ones. Fertile leaves longer than the sterile leaves; petiole 2/3 –3/4 the length of the fertile leaves; petiole scales same as the ones of the sterile leaves; lamina 4.5 –13 by 1.2 – 2 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblong, coriaceous, glabrescent with age, base truncate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; adaxial laminar scales 0.3 – 2.5 mm long, dense, imbricate, oblanceolate to round, white to black, sometimes mottled, erose to laciniate, base cordate (appearing peltate because of the large auricles), apex acute; abaxial costal scales 0.5– 2 mm long, dense, pointing at right angles, elevated, oblanceolate to round, dark brown with lighter margin or mottled, laciniate to ciliate, base cordate, apex acute; intersporangial scales 1–2.5 mm long, scattered to dense, sometimes almost obscuring the sporangia, lanceolate to oblanceolate, light brown to dark brown with lighter margin or mottled, ciliate, base stalked (up to 0.3 mm), apex acute. Spores papillate, with ridges.</p><p>Distribution — Colombia, Ecuador; 3000– 4500 m. Terrestrial or epipetric in montane forest and páramos.</p><p>Selection of other specimens examined. COLOMBIA, Nariño, Mun. Pasto,</p><p>Volcán Galeras, páramo al S de la cima, [1°13'N, 77°22'W], 3700 m,24 Dec. 199</p><p>1 mm</p><p>f</p><p>1972, Hagemann 1782 (COL, PSO); Mun. Pasto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.36667/lat 1.2166667)">Volcán Galeras</a>, [1°13'N, 77°22'W], 4000 m, 22 Oct. 1968, Plowman 1949 (F, GH, NY,US).– ECUADOR , Azuay, Cuenca, Area Nacional de Recreación Cajas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.13333/lat -2.8)">Laguna Toreadora</a>, 2°48'S, 79°08'W, 3800 m, 10 Oct. 1995, Alexander 31 (MO, UC) . Carchi, road Tulcán-Maldonado, W of the pass, base of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.81666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.0/lat 0.81666666)">Volcán Chiles</a>, 0°49'N, 78°00'W, 3650 m, 3 Aug.1976, Øllgaard 8411 (AAU, NY, UC) . Chimborazo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.5166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.5/lat -1.5166667)">Cerro Altar</a>, [1°31'S, 78°30'W], 3700 m, 9 Aug.1935, Heinrichs 899 (B) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.2333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.5/lat -2.2333333)">Carro Yanaurcu</a>, N ridge of the mountain, 2°14'S, 78°30'W, 4200 m, 29 Oct. 1995, Sklenar 1438 (AAU, NY) . Cotopaxi, near origin of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.93333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.416664/lat -0.93333334)">Río Langoa</a>, E of Latacunga, Laguna Salayambo Cocha, 0°56'S, 78°25'W, 30 Sept. 1976, Øllgaard 9888 (AAU, GH, NY, UC) . Imbabura, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.166664/lat 0.25)">Cerro Imbabura</a>, E and S sides of the volcano just below the rocky escarpment, 0°15'N, 78°10'W, 5 June 1995, Sklenar 568 (AAU) . Napo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.56666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.71667/lat -0.56666666)">Cerro Sumaco</a>, upper 100 m of cone, 0°34'S, 77°43'W, 1 May 1979, Holm-Nielsen et al. 17586 (AAU, HUA, NY, QCA) . Pichincha, NE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.5/lat -0.4)">Pasochoa</a>, en bosque a 50 m de la cúspide, [0°24'S, 78°30'W], 30 July 1980, Jaramillo et al. 3181 (AAU, MO) . Tungurahua, Santiago de Pillaro, Parque Nacional Llanganates, W of Cerro Hermoso, near saddle between headwaters of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.32611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1944445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.32611/lat -1.1944445)">Río Topo</a>, 1°11'40"S, 78°19'34"W, 3950 m, 12 Nov.1999, Neill et al. 11997 (MO, UC) .</p><p>Notes — Elaphoglossum yatesii can be distinguished by its thin long-creeping rhizomes, dark brown rhizome scales, petiole scales appressed-ascending, and papillate, ridged spores. It occurs above 3000 m.</p><p>Elaphoglossum yatesii is similar to E. oreophilum in its distribution (Colombia and Ecuador, above 3000 m), habit (mainly terrestrial), rhizome type (long-creeping), and spores micromorphology (ridges and papillae); however, the species can be easily distinguished by their petiole and laminar scales. Elaphoglossum oreophilum has long-ciliate petiole and laminar scales, with the cells of the body differentiated. In contrast, E. yatesii has erose to ciliate petiole and laminar scales, whose cells are all isodiametric. Some specimens of E. yatesii have glabrescent abaxial laminar surfaces, whereas those of E. oreophilum are always scaly.</p><p>See E. oreophilum for a further comparison.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/58138794EA1D2B0EFFFFFAAA8D2EFB19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Vasco, A.	Vasco, A. (2011): Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumea 56 (2): 165-202, DOI: 10.3767/000651911X592722, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911x592722
