identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5E0987FE99003E44B550FEA2EF193A32.text	5E0987FE99003E44B550FEA2EF193A32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ovatis Ng & Chen 2004	<div><p>Ovatis,  new genus</p><p>Type species.  Ovatis simplex,  new species, by present designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace ovate, broader than long; regions glabrous, poorly defined; anterolateral margin entire, convex, not cristate, junction of antero- and posterolateral margins clearly demarcated by angle; ocular peduncle unarmed. Posterior margin of epistome with lateral lobes triangular, projecting into buccal cavity. Cheliped segments without ridges or crests. Ambulatory legs relatively slender, merus with low dorsal crest. Anterior thoracic sternites 2 and 3 separated by distinct suture between sternites 3 and 4, medially incomplete. Male abdomen occupying entire space between coxae of fourth ambulatory legs, a small part of thoracic sternite 8 visible when abdomen closed; segments 3–5 fused, without trace of sutures. G1 relatively stout, distal part dilated, with numerous long plumose setae.</p><p>Etymology. The genus name is derived from the Latin ‘ ova ’ for egg, in arbitrary combination with ‘- gatis ’, a common suffix for crabs in this family. It alludes to the shape of the carapace of the type species. The gender is masculine.</p><p>Remarks. With regards to the ovate carapace with its entire and rounded anterolateral margins,  Ovatis,  new genus, most closely resembles  Liagore De Haan, 1833, but can be separated by its relatively broader carapace (figure 1a versus figure 4a), with the antero- and posterolateral margins separated by a relatively sharp angle (figure 1a, b) (versus gently rounded, figure 4a, b), the carapace regions just discernible (figure 1a, b) (versus not visible, figure 4a, b), the median part of the posterior epistomal margin low and the lateral parts prominently expanded (figures 2a, 3c) (versus median part triangular with the lateral parts low), the anterior thoracic sternum proportionately broader (figures 2c, 3f versus figure 4c), and the G1 stout, short with the distal part dilated (figure 3g, h) (versus elongate, slender, with tapering tip; figure 5a, b, d–f). These characters are independent of size. In addition, the outer distal angle of the carpus of the cheliped of adult  Liagore has a distinct tooth projecting outwards (absent in  Ovatis, figures 1a, b, 2b). This tooth is low and less obviously developed (figure 4a, b) but still discernible in smaller specimens of  Liagore comparable in size to the type specimens of  Ovatis .  Ovatis simplex is a small-sized species, with both type males examined here already mature. Small specimens of  L. rubromaculata (De Haan, 1835) examined that are comparable in size to the types of  O. simplex are still immature, with the G1 poorly developed (e.g. male, 10.4 x 7.8 mm, IOCAS K15513 -39, figure 5d). Female specimens of  L. rubromaculata comparable in size to the types of  O. simplex are still immature, with the abdomen triangular and the pleopods barely developed (e.g. female 24.9 x 17.5 mm, IOCAS, station 6105).</p><p>The carapace shape of  Ovatis also allies it with the monotypic xanthid genera  Paratergatis Sakai, 1965 (type species  Paratergatis longimanus Sakai, 1965) and  Pulcratis Ng and Huang, 1997 (type species  Pulcratis reticulatus Ng and Huang, 1997).  Paratergatis longimanus has been reported from Japan to Taiwan and South Africa (Sakai 1965a, 1965b, 1976; Kensley, 1969; Serène, 1984; Jeng and Ng, 1998) and is now recorded from the northern part of the South China Sea (present study).  Pulcratis reticulatus was originally described from southern Taiwan (Ng and Huang, 1997) and is now known from further south in the South China Sea (present study).  Ovatis can, however, be immediately distinguished from both these genera by its rounded anterolateral margin (versus distinctly cristate), the prominently expanded lateral parts of the posterior epistomal margin (figures 2a, b, 3c) (versus low; figure 6c), and G1 proportionately shorter and more sinuous (figure 3g, h) (versus proportionately longer, almost straight).  Ovatis can also be distinguished from  Paratergatis by its proportionately narrower carapace (figures 1a, b versus 6a, b, 7c), the entire anterolateral margin (figure 1a, b) (versus with low lobes; figures 6a, b, 7c), the smooth palm of the chela (figure 1) (versus with low dorsal crest; figures 6a, 7a), the completed fused male abdominal segments 3–5 without any trace of sutures (figure 3d) (versus with lateral parts of sutures still discernible; figure 7b), and the male abdominal segment 2 longitudinally broader (figure 3d) (versus relatively narrower).  Ovatis can also be separated from  Pulcratis by its unarmed eyestalk (figure 3b) (versus with sharp granules), proportionately longer legs without distinct dorsal and ventral crests (figure 1a) (versus shorter with strong crests), the smooth palm of the chela (figures 1, 2b) (versus with prominent dorsal crest; figures 8a, b, 9a, b), the simple tooth on the inner angle of the carpus of the cheliped (figures 1a, b, 2b) (versus with prominent lamellar tooth), and the relatively stouter and shorter G1 without any lateral projection (figure 3g –j) (versus relatively longer and more slender with inner subdistal projection).</p><p>The subfamilial placement of  Ovatis is somewhat difficult, akin to the problems facing the taxonomic position of  Liagore De Haan, 1833 (type species  Cancer (Liagore) rubromaculata De Haan, 1835). While  Liagore is typically xanthoid, its familial position has been uncertain and it has been unplaced in modern classifications (e.g. Guinot, 1971; Serène, 1984). The carapace features of  Liagore are superficially similar to those of  Carpilius Desmarest, 1823, in the  Carpiliidae Ortmann, 1893 . However, in members of the  Carpiliidae, the G1 is stout and the G2 very long. The G1 and G2 of  Liagore, however, are typically xanthid s. str., with the G1 slender and the G2 very short (figure 5).  Liagore currently contains just two species,  L. rubromaculata (De Haan, 1835) from the western Pacific and  L. erythematica Guinot, 1971, from the Indian Ocean. A recent study also does not support any close relationship between  Carpilius and  Liagore (Wetzer et al., 2003) . Within the  Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838,  Liagore is perhaps best placed in the  Xanthinae (sensu Serène, 1984). The smooth and rounded carapace of  Liagore, without discernible regions, however, is rather atypical for xanthines.  Ovatis bridges the gap. Its carapace is smooth, but the surfaces are punctate, and the regions are just visible. In  Liagore, the antero- and posterolateral margins are not well demarcated, gently merging, giving the carapace a more rounded appearance. In  Ovatis, the antero- and posterolateral margins are also more clearly separated. Both genera are here referred to the  Xanthinae MacLeay, 1838 .</p><p>The close affinities of  Ovatis with  Paratergatis and  Pulcratis also cast doubt on the validity of the  Xanthinae and Zosiminae Alcock, 1898 (see also Clark et al., in press).  Paratergatis and  Pulcratis are currently placed in the Zosiminae. The only character that effectively distinguishes the  Xanthinae and Zosiminae at present is whether the ambulatory segments are cristate but this is unlikely to have significant phylogenetic significance. In  Ovatis, while none of the segments of the ambulatory legs are distinctly cristate, it can be described as weakly so; and those of  Paratergatis are only weakly cristate. With regards to their general features,  Paratergatis,  Pulcratis,  Ovatis and  Liagore all appear to be related and as such, their present allocation into two separate subfamilies seems difficult to justify. Guinot (1971: 1096, figure 5) noted that in  Liagore, a part of thoracic sternite 8 was visible even when the male abdomen was completely closed. This exposed part articulates with the anterolateral corner of the fourth ambulatory coxa. In  Ovatis, the exposed part of sternite 8 is relatively much smaller than that of  Liagore (ca only one-fifth the size), being barely discernible, which is also the case for  Pulcratis and  Paratergatis . In some other xanthines (e.g.  Leptodius and  Xantho) we have examined, no part of thoracic sternite 8 is visible when the male abdomen is closed. However, the value of this character in defining the subfamilies in question can only be ascertained when the various genera involved are revised.</p><p>Some taxonomic remarks on  Liagore rubromaculata and  L. erythematica are pertinent in view of the good series of specimens available for this study (see Comparative material). Guinot (1971) established  L. erythematica on the basis of only one dried specimen from the Indian Ocean, noting that it differed from  L. rubromaculata mainly in the anterolateral margin having lobes (versus completely smooth and unarmed). The present series of specimens of both species of  Liagore demonstrate that this is a useful character, although only large specimens have the anterolateral lobes prominently developed, smaller ones have them relatively lower. In  L. rubromaculata, however, there is never any trace of lobes, regardless of the size of the specimens. In addition, their G1 structures are different, with that of  L. rubromaculata being relatively more curved (especially along the distal half) (figure 5a, b versus figure 5e, f).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0987FE99003E44B550FEA2EF193A32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Chen, H. - l.	Ng, Peter K. L., Chen, H. - l. (2004): On a new genus and new species of xanthid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthinae) from the South China Sea, with notes on the genus Liagore De Haan, 1833. Journal of Natural History 38 (18): 2345-2360, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001647352, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001647352
5E0987FE990D3E5AB681FEC2EEB238B4.text	5E0987FE990D3E5AB681FEC2EEB238B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ovatis simplex Ng & Chen 2004	<div><p>Ovatis simplex,  new species</p><p>(figures 1–3)</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE: male (9.9 x 6.0 mm) (IOCAS N160B-23),  station 6225,  northern part of Nanhai (= South China Sea), near Hong Kong, 83 m, coll. 12 March 1960.   PARATYPE: one male (13.9 x 9.1 mm) (ZRC),  station 6206,  Q44B-7,  northern part of Nanhai (= South China Sea), near Hong Kong, 92 m, coll. 11 April 1959  .</p><p>Description. Carapace ovate, 1.53–1.65 times broader than long (figure 1a, b); regions poorly defined, cervical groove just discernible, gastric grooves very shallow but discernible; dorsal surface glabrous, finely punctate (figure 1a, b); front gently sinuous from dorsal view; separated into two broad lobes by narrow fissure, lateral lobes not discernible (figure 1a, b); supra- and infraorbital margins entire; external orbital tooth not discernible, anterolateral margin convex, rounded, not cristate, margin appears almost entire although very low indentations hint of three broad lobes; antero- and posterolateral margins clearly demarcated; posterolateral margins gently convex to almost straight; posterior carapace margin gently convex (figure 1a, b). Orbits ovate; eyes well developed, filling orbit; distal part of ocular peduncle unarmed (figures 1a, b, 2a, 3b). Basal antennal segment large, subrectangular, movable, filling orbital hiatus; antennal segments 3–5 progressively smaller, flagellum relatively short, not extending beyond width of orbit (figures 2a, 3b). Antennular fossa broadly ovate, antennules folding transversely (figures 2a, c, 3b). Merus of third maxilliped almost squarish, with shallow submedian depression, anteroexternal angle rounded, not angular (figures 2c, 3a); ischium subrectangular, with submedian oblique sulcus, inner margin gently crenulated; exopod relatively stout, tip almost reaching upper edge of merus, inner margin with subdistal triangular projection, flagellum well developed (figure 3a). Posterior margin of epistome with median part gently sinuous, separated by shallow median fissure, lateral lobes well developed, triangular, prominently projecting into buccal cavity (figures 2a, 3b, c). Endostomial ridges very low, not discernible by naked eye.</p><p>Surfaces of chelipeds distinctly punctate but glabrous; outer surface without obvious ridges or crests; fingers shorter than palm (figures 1c, 2b); dorsal margin of dactylus with very low, barely discernible crest; cutting edges with several distinct teeth; inner distal angle of carpus with low, rounded tooth; merus without crests or ridges (figure 2b). Ambulatory legs relatively slender, second pair longest; merus with low but visible crest on dorsal margin, crests on ventral margins low, visible only distally; carpus and propodus without discernible crests; dactylus styliform, flattened laterally (figures 1a, b, 2c, 3e).</p><p>Anterior thoracic sternum glabrous, finely granular; sternites 1 and 2 fused, suture not visible; distinct gently sinuous suture (towards buccal cavity) between sternites 2 and 3; suture between sternites 3 and 4 laterally complete, median part just visible, appears incomplete, surface gently depressed; male abdominal cavity reaching imaginary line connecting median part of chelipedal coxae (figures 2c, 3f). Male abdomen occupying entire space between coxae of fourth ambulatory legs, only small part of sternite 8 visible when abdomen closed; segments 3–5 completely fused without trace of sutures, lateral margins gently concave, distal margin ca 0.6 times length of proximal margin; segment 1 slightly longitudinally narrower than segment 2; segment 6 subrectangular, broader than long, lateral margins almost straight; telson triangular, lateral margins gently convex, tip rounded (figure 3d).</p><p>G1 relatively stout, gently sinuous, tip directed outwards; distal part dilated, with numerous long setae on distal part (figure 3g –j). G2 short, gently sinuous, about one-third length of G1; distal segment about one-quarter length of basal segment, gently upcurved (figure 3k).</p><p>Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin for simple. It is used as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The two type males agree well in their external morphology, although the carapace of the paratype is proportionately less broad (width to length ratio 1.53 versus 1.65). Both specimens are not in good condition but all the key characters are still observable. Unfortunately, no females are available so their abdominal characters are not known.</p><p>Nothing much is known about their biology, both specimens were trawled from medium depth (83 and 92 m) in waters off the northern part of the South China Sea, off Hong Kong.</p><p>Comparative material</p><p>Liagore rubromaculata: one female (IOCAS), station 6118, Nanhai, coll. 6 April 1960; two males (smaller 10.4 x 7.8 mm) (IOCAS K15513 -39), station 6089, 41 m, Nanhai, coll. 7 April 1960; one male (IOCAS N1698-17), station 6119, 57 m, coll. 6 April 1960; four males, one female (IOCAS K158B-22), station 6075, 39 m, coll. 7 April 1960; 12 males (largest 41.1 x 29.1 mm, smallest 13.1 x 10.3 mm) (one with  Sacculina), 12 females (largest 28.9 x 20.8 mm, smallest 12.8 x 9.6 mm) (IOCAS), two males, two females (ZRC), station 6105, 45 m, coll. 4 April 1960; three males (ZRC 1998.215),  Tashi Fishing Port, Ilan County, north-eastern Taiwan, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 3–4 August 1996; one male, one female (ZRC 1995.626), northern Taiwan, coll. C. H. Wang, 1990s; one male (ZRC 1970.3.9.3), Keelung, northern Taiwan, coll. Institute of Fisheries Research, 1963; four males, four females (ZRC 1997.744),  South China Sea, Tungkang Port, Kaohsiung, south-western Taiwan, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 5 August 1996; seven males, three females (ZRC 2001.96),  South China Sea, Tungkang Port, Kaohsiung, south-western Taiwan, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 6 November 2000; one male (ZRC 1984.6405),  South China Sea, near Singapore, coll. H. Huat, 16 September 1983; one juvenile male (ZRC 1970.1.11.28),  Djalandhi, Java, Indonesia, coll. R. Serène, 1963; one male, one female (ZRC 1995.956),  Gulf of Carpentaria, north-western Queensland, Australia, coll. CSIRO ‘ Southern Surveyor’, 21 February 1992.</p><p>Liagore erythematica: three males, one female (ZRC 2002.346),  Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, Western Thailand, coll. J. C. Y. Lai et al., 2–3 September 2001; one female (ZRC 2001.1064),  Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, Western Thailand, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 17 February 2001; two males, one female (ZRC 1998.1132),  Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, Western Thailand, coll. S. Chaitiamvong, December 1998; seven males, one female (ZRC 2000.784),  Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, Western Thailand, coll. N. K. Ng et al., 17–20 January 2000; four males (ZRC 2000.374),  Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, Western Thailand, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 24 August 1999; 11 males, one female (ZRC 2000.834),  Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, Western Thailand, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 3–6 May 2000; one male (ZRC 1999.155),  Andaman Sea, Pichai Fish Port, Phuket, Western Thailand, coll. P. K. L. Ng, April 1999; one male (ZRC 1998.1236), Ranong,  Tubli, Western Thailand, coll. 2 July 1991; one male (ZRC 1992.10520),  Andaman Sea, between Penang and Langkawi islands, northern Peninsular Malaysia, coll. C. P. How and C. O. Lau, 12 November 1991.</p><p>Pulcratis reticulatus: holotype male (15.1 x 10.6 mm) (ZRC), port at  Tung-Kang, Pingtung County, southern Taiwan, commercial inshore trawlers, deep waters (100–400 m depth), coll. S.-H. Lai, 4 August 1996; paratype females [13.8 x 10.2 mm (ovigerous), 13.7 x 10.0 mm] (ZRC), port at  Tung-Kang, Pingtung County, southern Taiwan, commercial inshore trawlers, deep waters (100–400 m depth), coll. P. K. L. Ng, 5 August 1996; one male (19.0 x 13.5 mm) (ZRC 1998.459), port at  Tung-Kang, Pingtung County, southern Taiwan, commercial inshore trawlers, deep waters (100–400 m depth), coll. M. F. Wu, 5 August 1995; one female (ZRC 2001.165),  Tashi Port, Ilan County, north-eastern Taiwan, coll. P. K. L. Ng, May 1997; one female (15.5 x 10.7 mm) (IOCAS L45B), station 6121,  South China Sea, 113 m, coll. 12 April 1959.</p><p>Paratergatis longimanus: one male (23.2 x 12.8 mm), one female (14.6 x 8.7 mm) (IOCAS L63B), station 6143, South China Sea, 122.5 m, coll. 22 April 1959; one male (ZRC 2002.578),  Sa Yu Harbour, Fujian Province, China, coll. S. H. Fan, August 1996; one female (ZRC 1998.47),  Tashi Port, Ilan County, north-eastern Taiwan, coll. M. S. Jeng, 26 November 1997.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0987FE990D3E5AB681FEC2EEB238B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Chen, H. - l.	Ng, Peter K. L., Chen, H. - l. (2004): On a new genus and new species of xanthid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthinae) from the South China Sea, with notes on the genus Liagore De Haan, 1833. Journal of Natural History 38 (18): 2345-2360, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001647352, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001647352
