taxonID	type	description	language	source
60258783DF33523FFF55F8DDFC4D1B78.taxon	description	Zoobank-ID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6 C 168 A 1 C- 3 C 14 - 44 BA- 86 CE-F 2 AA 01693 B 34	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF33523FFF55F8DDFC4D1B78.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Duappendactylus melanocephalus sp. nov.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF33523FFF55F8DDFC4D1B78.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus name is a combination of the Latin words “ duo ” (two) and “ appendix ” (appendage) as well as the ending - dactylus which is commonly used in Tridactylidae. It refers to the absence of the paraproctal processes of the genus, meaning there are only two and not four (as usually in Tridactylidae) abdominal appendages.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF33523FFF55F8DDFC4D1B78.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Small body size, 1.41 mm (head to abdominal apex; not including subgenital plate). Antennae ten-segmented. Only forewings present, with reduced venation. Protibia with three dactyls. Mesotibia distinctly inflated. Metafemur heavily inflated along entire length, dorsally with setae. Metatibia shorter than metafemur and without swimming plates. Apical metatibial spurs slightly longer than subapical tibial spurs. Metatarsus one-segmented, present (i. e. not very reduced as in Ellipes Scudder, 1902 or Xya Latreille, 1809). Cerci two-segmented, basal segment much wider and longer than distal segment; both segments with setae. Paraproct very prominent, broadly triangular, but without paraproctal processes. Subgenital plate elongated, reaching to ca. half the length of basal cercus segment; directed upwards and with long distinct apical setae.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF30523EFF55FD85FD5F1E10.taxon	description	Zoobank-ID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 8 C 217 F 9 - 6655 - 4 F 0 D- 97 FA- 6 BC 398 BE 05 B 0 Figs. 1 – 2	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF30523EFF55FD85FD5F1E10.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named after its dark-colored head (ancient Greek “ mélas ” = black and “ kefáli ” = head).	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF30523EFF55FD85FD5F1E10.taxon	materials_examined	Locality and horizon: The specimen was included in amber found in Hkamti, Sagaing Division, Myanmar or Tanai, Kachin State Burma, Myanmar, two nearby amber mining locations. The amber from Hkamti is ca. 110 My and the amber from Tanai ca. 99 My old. Holotype: Sex unknown. Specimen part of the LIB-Hamburg collection; collection number GPIH 07246 (ex collection Martin Husemann MH 0108).	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF30523EFF55FD85FD5F1E10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of species: As for genus (monotypic).	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF30523EFF55FD85FD5F1E10.taxon	description	Description: Preservation of an entire specimen with parts of the head and thorax somewhat obscured by additional matter in the amber. Measurements (mm): Values given with a “ ca. ” are partly based on estimation as structures are not clearly or fully visible. Body length 1.41 (head to abdominal apex; not including subgenital plate). Head-height 0.54. Antenna length 0.55. Forewing length 0.47. Mesotibia length 0.45. Metafemur length 0.96. Metafemur width 0.38. Metatibia length ca. 0.89. Paraproct 0.34. Subgenital plate extending beyond paraproct by 0.16. Basal cercus segment length 0.21. Basal cercus segment width 0.06. Distal cercus segment length 0.09. Distal cercus segment width 0.01. Apical setae of subgenital plate length up to ca. 0.15. Head: Antennae ten-segmented (including pedicel and scape), moniliform and with antennomeres relatively thick. Coloration of both head and antennae dark, close to black. Thorax: Pronotum smooth, without elevation; of dark color. Forewings present, with reduced venation. Hindwings absent. Legs: Prothoracic leg: Femur and tibia with setae which are more numerous on the tibia. Tibia apically with three dactyls, the longest of which is 0.04 mm long. Tarsus slender, with two claws. Mesothoracic leg: Middle of tibia distinctly inflated. Metathoracic leg: Femur greatly inflated along the entire length. Distal half of dorsal margin with evenly spaced setae of varying length. Tibia with a pair of subapical and apical spurs. Tarsus morphology uncertain due to poor visibility in the amber (Fig. 2 B shows best interpretation of what is visible). Abdomen: Cerci two-segmented with basal segment longer and wider than distal segment. Distal segment very slender. Both segments with setae. Paraproct prominent, broad-triangularly shaped. Paraproctal processes absent. Subgenital plate prominent, orientated upwards and elongated far beyond paraproct, reaching up to half of the basal cercus segment; apically with long setae.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF30523EFF55FD85FD5F1E10.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The new specimen can be assigned to Tridactylidae based on the two-segmented cerci and the distinctly inflated mesotibia. Tridactylidae consists of three subfamilies: the Cretaceous to extant Tridactylinae Brullé, 1835 and Dentridactylinae Günther, 1979 and the Cretaceous Mongoloxyinae Gorochov, 1992. The first two subfamilies are separated by a subapical denticular process which is present in Dentridactylinae, but not in Tridactylinae (Heads, 2009). Because the morphology of the metatarsus in Duappendactylus melanocephalus gen. et sp. nov. is obscured, the presence or absence of a subapical denticular process cannot be confirmed. Mongoloxyinae is characterized by a more elaborate forewing venation than in the other subfamilies (Gorochov et al., 2006). The forewing venation of D. melanocephalus gen. et sp. nov. seems to be reduced (as in Tridactylinae and Dentridactylinae), but this aspect of morphology is somewhat difficult to see in the fossil. Gorochov (2010) attributed the Burmese amber species Birmitoxya intermedia Gorochov, 2010 to Mongoloxyinae, but this act was solely based on the species not matching known characters of the other two subfamilies and the body morphology of Mongoloxyinae is rather unknown (Gorochov, 2010). Recently, Schall et al. (2025) have speculated that the Burmecaelidae Uchida, Husemann & Kotthoff, 2024 may be allied to Mongoloxyinae as they share similar venation characters. Because of the above, the subfamily position of D. melanocephalus cannot be determined for now. Within Tridactylidae, D. melanocephalus differs from all other members of the family except Birmitoxya intermedia by the absence of paraproctal processes. From Birmitoxya, the new taxon is separated by 1) a proportionally shorter metatibia. 2) Two-segmented cerci. In Birmitoxya the cerci were one-segmented. It is unlikely that the reason for this is found in the nymphal status of the specimen described by Gorochov (2010) as modern nymphs of the species Ellipes deyrupi Woo, 2021 and Ellipes eisneri Deyrup, 2005 already have two-segmented cerci like the adults (Woo, 2021). 3) Three strong dactyli on the protibia. Gorochov (2010) mentions “ small fossorial denticles ” in his description of B. intermedia, but they are not shown in Figure 6 A of the species. 4) Smaller body size. In total, the scale of these differences appears to justify generic separation from Birmitoxya despite the shared absence of paraproctal processes. The absence of paraproctal processes is unusual for Tridactylidae and also the closely related Ripipterygidae Ander, 1939. However, it is an apomorphy of Cylindrachetidae Giglio-Tos, 1914, but this family differs from the rest of Tridactyloidea in several other important characters (see introduction). Cylindrachetidae were estimated to have evolved 202.67 Mya, ca. 50 My prior to the other two families of Tridactyloidea (Song et al., 2015). This would make a relationship between Cylindrachetidae and the Kachin amber Tridactyloidea without paraproctal processes seem unlikely. For now, it seems more conclusive to suggest this character state was once present in Tridactylidae and subsequently lost in their evolutionary history.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF375238FF55FF30FAF81BA9.taxon	description	Zoobank-ID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: CA 6 C 708 A-EC 4 E- 492 F- 8 ECC-DDF 91638 C 3 E 6	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF375238FF55FF30FAF81BA9.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Hiemalidactylus eileenae sp. nov.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF375238FF55FF30FAF81BA9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus is named after the coloration of its face; a contrasting dark and light pattern, looking like the specimen just came in from a wintery, snowy walk (from Latin “ hiemalis ” meaning “ wintery ”).	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF375238FF55FF30FAF81BA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Distinct facial coloration consisting of highly contrasting darker and lighter areas, including the compound eye. Protibia with three long dactyls. Metafemur inflated along entire length, but comparably slender for a Tridactylidae (length / width ratio 3.4). Metatibia with few small denticles. Subapical and apical spurs approximately of equal length. Metatarsus pointed apically, without denticular process, hairs, or spines. Cerci two-segmented, basal segment longer than distal segment and tapering consistently with no clear constriction between segments. Both segments with sparse long setae. Paraproct elongated and prominent, narrow triangular and reaching almost length of basal cercus segment. Paraproct without paraproctal processes. Subgenital plate not elongated (not visible).	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF37523AFF55FCF6FC441FF8.taxon	description	Zoobank-ID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: DDCE 5 FA 5 - DACC- 4 A 60 - BD 71 - 7 D 65 BC 0559 CB Figs. 3 – 4	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF37523AFF55FCF6FC441FF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named for Eileen Nguyen from the LIB Hamburg in thanks of her continued help concerning imaging and collection access during the first authors’ doctoral studies and the last authors works.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF37523AFF55FCF6FC441FF8.taxon	materials_examined	Locality and horizon: The specimen was included in amber found in Hkamti, Sagaing Division, Myanmar or Tanai, Kachin State Burma, Myanmar, two nearby amber mining locations. The amber from Hkamti is ca. 110 My and the amber from Tanai ca. 99 My old. Holotype: Sex unknown. Specimen part of the LIB-Hamburg collection; collection number GPIH 07247 (ex collection Martin Husemann MH 0110).	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF37523AFF55FCF6FC441FF8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of species: As for genus (monotypic).	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF37523AFF55FCF6FC441FF8.taxon	description	Description: Well-preserved, probably late instar nymph. Only missing distal parts of the left metathoracic leg (right side fully intact). Measurements (mm): Body length 1.12 (head to abdominal apex; not including cerci or paraproct). Head height 0.4. Compound eye width 0.14. Compound eye height 0.16. Pronotum length 0.32. Pronotum height ca. 0.24. Forewing bud 0.09. Prothoracic leg: tibia 0.34, tarsus 0.12. Mesothoracic leg: tibia length 0.42, tibia width 0.15, tarsus 0.17. Metathoracic leg: Femur length 0.85, femur width 0.25, tibia length 0.81, tibia width 0.05. Tarsus 0.2. Subapical spurs 0.06, apical spurs 0.05. Paraproct ca. 0.2. Basal cercus segment length 0.17. Basal cercus segment width 0.04. Distal cercus segment length 0.05 - 0.08. Distal cercus segment width 0.01. Head: With conspicuous coloration of contrasting light and dark areas, including compound eye. Compound eye not protruding, lateral position on head. Antennomeres with short setae. Thorax: Pronotum without elevation, bearing sparse setae, especially on posterior margin. Forewings present as underdeveloped buds. Hindwings absent. Legs: Prothoracic leg: Femur rather short. Tibia with setae and three long apical dactyli, the longest of which is 0.04 mm long. Tarsus two-segmented; basal segment shorter than distal segment; distal segment bearing two claws. Mesothoracic leg: Femur inconspicuous. Tibia distinctly inflated with triangularly shaped extension at widest point on one side. Distal part with setae. Tarsus two-segmented; basal segment shorter than distal segment; distal segment bearing two claws. Metathoracic leg: Femur apically with few dorsal setae. Inflated along entire length, but still rather slender. Tibia with small denticles placed at a distance along the entire length. Subapical and apical spurs present (only one subapical spur can be seen, apical spurs as pair); approximately of same length. Tarsus much longer than spurs, pointed apically and without hair, spines, or denticular process. Abdomen: Cerci two-segmented, basal segment longer than distal segment. Tapering consistently without distinct reduction in width from basal to distal segment. Both segments with few setae. Paraproct prominent, narrow triangular, extending far beyond the abdominal apex to almost the length of the basal cercus segment; not setulose. Paraproctal processes absent. Subgenital plate not elongated and not visible.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
60258783DF37523AFF55FCF6FC441FF8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The new species is placed in Tridactylidae based on the distinct inflation of the mesotibia as well as the two-segmented cerci. It is suggested to be part of the subfamily Tridactylinae due to the absence of a subapical denticular process on the metatarsus. Hiemalidactylus can be differentiated from all previously described genera of the family except for Birmitoxya Gorochov, 2010 and Duappendactylus described herein, by the absence of paraproctal processes. From these two genera it can be readily separated by the absence of an elongated subgenital plate. Due to the underdeveloped forewings, as well as the very small body size of Hiemalidactylus eileenae, the specimen is probably a nymph. The classification of nymphs of Tridactylidae is problematic, because very little is known about morphological differences between adult and nymphs of the family (Baena-Bejarano et al., 2018). However, Gorochov (2010) described Birmitoxya intermedia based on a nymphal specimen and in this species the subgenital plate was clearly visible, suggesting that the absence / presence of an elongated subgenital plate can be used as a diagnostic character even in nymphs of Tridactylidae. Likewise, the presence / absence of paraproctal processes can be used to diagnose nymphal specimens, too, as paraproctal processes - if present in the adults - are usually found in the nymphs as well (see Ellipes deyrupi Woo, 2021 and Ellipes eisneri Deyrup, 2005 in Woo (2021 )). In terms of species identification, Baena-Bejarano et al. (2018) considered the coloration pattern a reliable character for associating nymphs with the correct species in Mirhipipteryx pulicaria (Saussure, 1896). The likeness of coloration between nymphs and adults of Ellipes deyrupi and Ellipes eisneri is apparent too (see Fig. 2 and 7 in Woo (2021 )), although coloration is lighter in the nymphs. Hiemalidactylus eileenae has distinct head coloration which should facilitate species identification once adult specimens are found. The description of this well-preserved individual helps to better understand nymph morphology in Tridactylidae.	en	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Gu, Jun-Jie, Husemann, Martin (2025): Two new members of Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Zootaxa 5693 (2): 168-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5693.2.2
