identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
65628C14FF905B3C3F960401FB97FB06.text	65628C14FF905B3C3F960401FB97FB06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima auroraensis Hong and James 2025	<div><p>Pheretima auroraensis Hong and James sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 2, 3(A,B))</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 4805): PHILIPPINES: Aurora, Maria Aurora National Park (15.6943°N, 640 m a.s.l., old second-growth forest, in soil and arboreal habitats, 13 April 2001, S. W. James coll.</p><p>Other material</p><p>Same data as for holotype, 2 clitellates.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species is named for its type locality, Maria Aurora .</p><p>Diagnosis One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 5 th setal lines, distance between spermathecal 1.4 mm; copulatory bursae openings 0.12 circumferences apart. Relatively few setae per segment, 26 36 at XX; 3 setae between male pores; setal rings pigmented.</p><p>Description</p><p>Dark purple dorsal pigment; setal rings pigmented dorsally, intersegmental furrows laterally; ventral side of I–VI dark fading to light posteriorly. Dimensions 59 mm by 3.5 mm at</p><p>X, 3.5 mm at XXX, 3.6 mm at clitellum, segments 92; body circular in cross section. Setae numbering at VII, 36 at XX; 3 between male pores, setae in ventral unpigmented area closely spaced, setal AA:AB:YZ:ZZ = 2.5:3:4:6 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI; setae invisible externally.</p><p>First dorsal pores 11/12. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 5 th setal line, large openings with slight development of wrinkled lips, distance between spermathecal pores 1.4</p><p>0.11 circumferences apart. Female pore single in XIV, 0.3 mm openings of copulatory bursae</p><p>XVIII at 6 th setal line, ventrally placed, 1.2 mm distance between openings, 0.12 circumferences Genital markings lacking.</p><p>Seta 5/6, 6/7, 7/8 thinly muscular, 8/9, 9/10 absent, 10/11–13/14 little muscle, thin. Gizzard in intestine begins in XVI, medium size, paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel;</p><p>caeca simple originating in XXVII, extending anteriorly to about XXIII, finger-shaped sac;</p><p>simple low fold from XXVII. Hearts in X–XIII oesophageal.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae paired in VII, with nephridia on ducts;</p><p>ampulla irregular rounded sac, joined to narrow neck of large oval barrel-shaped muscular duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum stalk shorter than chamber, chamber rounded oblong</p><p>HISTORY spermatozoal iridescence, diverticula pass throughout septum 7/8 into VII. Male sexual holandric, testes and funnels in large ventrally paired sacs in X–XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI–XII, dorsal lobes buried in dorsal clefts; prostate gland 4–5 lobes wrapped but medial faces of copulatory bursae, muscular ducts curve around lateral side to posterior one hairpin bend to anterior, enter posterior upper part of copulatory bursae; distal section narrowed, attached to copulatory bursae. Copulatory bursae without external glands; surrounded by toroid pad partly divided into 6 wedges, penis a large block filling copulatory lumen, slit pore at apex.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pheretima auroraensis sp. n. belongs to the sangirensis group of Sims and Easton (1972). This composed of many unpublished species in our collections and 34 published species, of which the three are Indonesian: P. sangirensis Michaelsen, P. ceramensis Cognetti, and P. unicystis Lee. The composed of three subspecies: P. s. chica Michaelsen, P. s. crassicystis Michaelsen, and P. s. Michaelsen (Michaelsen 189611). Table 1 contains summary morphological data for the Indonesian southern Philippines species. James (2004b) discussed the taxonomic history of this group and species to it. All 10 species were from the Mt. Kitanglad Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Aspe and (2014, 2016, 2017) described 17 species from Mindanao and adjacent Camiguin Island. Hong and (2008) recorded two species from Mt. Makiling, Luzon Island, Philippines. Hong and James (2021)</p><p>two species from Mountain Province, northwest of the Aurora sites and separated by a large lowland Northern Philippines species of the group are summarised in Table 2 .</p><p>Given the large number of species in the sangirensis group, we filtered described and provisional preparation by us) species for those with wedge-shaped toroidal pad sets in the copulatory bursae dorsal segmental equator pigmentation, paired spermathecae in VII, and fewer than 40 setae per pre-clitellar and post-clitellar segments (see Tables 1 and 2). That excluded all known species except press from Mt. Banahaw, Quezon Province (Quezon sp. 2 in Table 2) and Pheretima sp. 3 . The former distinguished from Pheretima auroraensis sp. n. by having a bursal pad on the roof and only 4 wedges floor, more widely spaced male and spermathecal pores, brown vs purple pigmentation, and more between male pores. Pheretima sp. 3 can be differentiated by slightly more setae in head segments (34</p><p>a bursal pad on the roof, a more anterior first dorsal pore (9/10 vs 11/12), brown pigmentation spermathecal diverticula remaining in the segment with the spermathecae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65628C14FF905B3C3F960401FB97FB06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2025): Two novel earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis group (Megascolecidae) from Aurora Province, Philippines. Journal of Natural History 59 (45 - 48): 2581-2598, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191
65628C14FF965B323C6C01F2FCDDFA6F.text	65628C14FF965B323C6C01F2FCDDFA6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima balerensis Hong and James 2025	<div><p>Pheretima balerensis Hong and James sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 3(C,D), 4)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.3335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.6695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.3335/lat 15.6695)">Semiclitellate</a> (NMA 4807): PHILIPPINES: Aurora, old-growth remnant at top of hill S. Aurora, in soil (15.6695°N, 121.3335°E), 732 m a.s.l., 14 April 2001, S. W. James coll.</p><p>Other material</p><p>Same data as for holotype, 1 semiclitellate, 2 aclitellates.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species is named after Baler, the capital city of Aurora Province.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at setal lines 4–5, distance between spermathecal pores copulatory bursae openings 0.10–0.13 circumferences apart.</p><p>(</p><p>HISTORY</p><p>2587</p><p>Setal counts are given as a pair of numbers separated by a comma, the first of the pair being the count in segment vii, and the second being the number in XX. Setal gaps are represented as D for dorsal gap, either</p><p>(+D) or absent (-D), and likewise V for ventral.Reproductive pore spacings are given as the estimated fraction of body circumference.Typhlosole presence is accompanied by the segment number of its origin if not Septal presence and absence are indicated by + or -, the first of each pair being for septum 8/9. For bursal pads,those found on the floor of the bursa are represented by a number followed by F (eg 4 F), and those to the roof of the bursa are represented by a number followed by R (eg 4 R). Missing data are indicated bwith a question mark (?). Data from Aspe and James (2014, 2016, 2017) and James (2004b). *individuals spermathecae; some are athecal.</p><p>(</p><p>HISTORY</p><p>2589</p><p>HISTORY</p><p>61–67 at XX 2–6 between male pores, size regular, ventral setae more crowded, setal formula AA</p><p>ZZ = 2:2:3:5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI, setae invisible externally.</p><p>First dorsal pore 11/12. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at setal lines 4 and 5, 1.4 mm spermathecal pores, 0.07–0.10 circumferences apart. Female pore single in XIV, 0.3–0.5 mm openings copulatory bursa paired in XVIII at 6th setal line, 1.8 mm between openings, 0.10–0.13 circumferences Genital markings lacking.</p><p>Septa 5/6, 6/7 thick, 7/8 thin, 5/6–7/8 muscular decreasing; 8/9/10 absent, 10/11, 11/12 thickly 12/13/14 progressively thinner. Gizzard in VIII–X, intestine begins in XVI, small paired lymph glands XXVIII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly to long tapered sac; typhlosole very low fold from XXVI, 36 intestinal blood vessels. Hearts in X–XIII; XII side very small; IX lateral, VIII to gizzard, VII lateral.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae one pair in VII with nephridia on spermathecae ducts mathecal ampulla broadly attached to ovate barrel-shaped muscular duct; duct shorter than ampulla nearly as wide as ampulla; diverticulum chamber elongate oval, stalk shorter than chamber,</p><p>length equal to ampulla width. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI–XII dorsal lobes, small balls in shallow clefts, prostates in XVI–XVIII with muscular ducts, curved around lateral, posterior sides, entering posterior upper face of copulatory without stalked glands; copulatory bursae openings surrounded by four unequal wedge-shaped wedge-shaped penis from copulatory roof, male pore near tip.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In this case, we filtered the information in Tables 1 and 2 for intestinal origin in xvi, absence of pigmentation, group members with 40 &lt;setae number &lt;60 per segment before the clitellum, and than 60 per segment behind the clitellum. Adding two more filtering characters, presence of wedge-shaped bursal pads on the floor around the opening and dorsal pores in or posterior to 9/10, the remaining taxa two provisional species (Nueva Vizcaya spp. 1 and 3) from Nueva Vizcaya province at the Kalahan land in Imugan and P. bontocensis Hong and James 2021 . Nueva Vizcaya sp. 1 has much more widely spermathecal and male pores (0.13 and 0.20, respectively) vs 0.08 and 0.12 in P. balerensis sp.n., with setae between male pores (11 vs 2 to 6). This taxon has five wedge-shaped pads around copulatory openings rather than four as in Pheretima balerensis sp. n. Nueva Vizcaya sp. 3 has many more setae the male pores, and lacks a typhlosole, unlike P. balerensis sp. n. Pheretima bontocensis has a very similar count in the post-clitellar segments but fewer (40 vs 48) in segment VII, and both dorsal and ventral gaps rather than only a dorsal gap in Pheretima balerensis sp. n. The spermathecal duct of balerensis sp. n. is almost as wide as the ampulla. However, in P. bontocensis, the duct is much relation to the ampulla. Dorsal lobes of seminal vesicles were not clearly present in P. bontocensis .</p><p>small balls in shallow clefts in Pheretima balerensis sp. n.</p><p>Although the material for this species does not include any fully clitellate specimens, they are mature, showing sperm production. We are confident that the morphological distinctions we make Clitellum location is nearly invariant in Pheretima generally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65628C14FF965B323C6C01F2FCDDFA6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2025): Two novel earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis group (Megascolecidae) from Aurora Province, Philippines. Journal of Natural History 59 (45 - 48): 2581-2598, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191
65628C14FF985B343CD000D2FC1EFB03.text	65628C14FF985B343CD000D2FC1EFB03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima undefined-1	<div><p>Pheretima sp. 1</p><p>(Figure 5)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Clitellate: PHILIPPINES: Aurora, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.3712&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.6943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.3712/lat 15.6943)">Maria Aurora National Park</a> (15.6943°N, 121.3712°E), 640 m a .s .l., old growth forest, in soil and arboreal habitats, 13 April 2001, S . W . James coll.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 5th setal lines, distance between spermathecal pores 1.8 mm</p><p>HISTORY</p><p>Description</p><p>Dark purple-brown dorsal pigment, absent from setal rings, ventrum I–III pigmented. Dimensions 105 5.6 mm at segment X, 6.6 mm at XXX, 5.2 mm at clitellum, segments 89; body circular in cross section numbering 34 at VII, 40 at XX; 3 between male pores, size and distance regular dorsally and ventrally formula AA:AB:YZ:ZZ = 3:4:5:4.5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI; setae invisible externally.</p><p>First dorsal pores 11/12. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 5th setal lines, distance spermathecal pores around 1.8 mm or 0.10 circumferences. Female pore single in XIV, 0.6–0.7 mm</p><p>of copulatory bursa paired in XVIII 7th–8th setal lines, 2.3 mm between openings, 0.12 circumferences Genital markings lacking (Figure 4).</p><p>Septa 5/6–7/8 thinly muscular, 8/9/10 absent, 10/11–13/14 thinly muscular. Gizzard in VIII–X tine origin XVI, small paired lymph glands from XXX along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca elongate triangular sac originating in XXVII, extending anteriorly to about XXIII (Figure 1(B));</p><p>low fold from XXVII, deep XXVIII–XXX then very small, 32 intestinal blood vessels. Hearts in X–XIII.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels in xiii, spermathecae L in VII, R in VIII, with nephridia on ducts, long oval muscular duct shorter than ampulla, duct posterior inner wall with large groove, basal part adherent spherical iridescent diverticulum chamber stalk shorter than ampulla (Figure 1(C)). Male sexual holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X–XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI– developed with apical dorsal lobes in clefts, prostates in XVII–XVIII, duct curved to posterior copulatory bursae, copulatory bursae opening surrounded by thick toroidal pad partly divided into tions; penis tongue-shaped, pore location apical.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pheretima sp. 1: The spermathecae are pre-septal in most of the Pheretima sangirensis group, meaning most species have spermathecae in VII and spermathecal pores in 7/8. Pheretima sp. 1 and several from Mindanao (Table 1) are the only members with unpigmented segmental equators, spermathecae (the post-septal condition), and spermathecal pores in 7/8. Pheretima sp. 1 can be distinguished other members of the sangirensis group by a combination of having dorsal stripes, an intestinal origin lacking septa 8/9/10, a spermatheca in VIII, and a circle of 5 or more wedge-shaped pads around copulatory bursal openings. However the locations of spermathecae could be an aberration, and this specimen is left unnamed pending obtaining more material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65628C14FF985B343CD000D2FC1EFB03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2025): Two novel earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis group (Megascolecidae) from Aurora Province, Philippines. Journal of Natural History 59 (45 - 48): 2581-2598, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191
65628C14FF9E5B283CD701E8FA90FE23.text	65628C14FF9E5B283CD701E8FA90FE23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima undefined-2	<div><p>Pheretima sp. 2</p><p>(Figure 6)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Clitellate: PHILIPPINES: Aurora, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.3712&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.6943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.3712/lat 15.6943)">Maria Aurora National Park</a> (15.6943°N, 121.3712°E), 640 m a .s .l., old growth forest, in soil and arboreal habitats, 13 April 2001, S . W . James coll.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 8th setal lines, distance between spermathecal pores 3.0 mm circumferences; copulatory bursae openings 0.14 circumferences apart. Spermathecae in VIII, bursae with ring of wedge-shaped pads; intestinal origin XVII.</p><p>Description</p><p>Red-brown dorsal pigment, but absent from setal rings, ventrum I–III pigmented. Dimensions 90</p><p>4.0 mm at segment X, 4.0 mm at XXX, 4.2 mm at clitellum, segments 81; body circular in cross section setae between male pores, size and distance regular dorsally and ventrally, setal formula AA ZZ = 3:4:5:4.5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI; setae invisible externally.</p><p>First dorsal pores 11/12. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 8th setal lines, distance Septa 5/6–7/8 thinly muscular, 8/9/10 absent, 10/11–13/14 thinly muscular. Gizzard in VIII–X, origin XVII, small paired lymph glands from XXX along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple triangular sac originating in XXVII, extending anteriorly about to XXIII; typhlosole low fold from XXV</p><p>HISTORY on inner posterior wall, ovate iridescent diverticulum chamber, stalk shorter than ampulla (Figure Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X–XI. Seminal vesicles pairs in XI–XII, well developed with medially placed dorsal lobes at base of shallow clefts, prostates XVI–XVIII, short straight very muscular ducts entering centre of copulatory bursae, copulatory opening flanked anterior, posterior oval pads; penial body transverse half cylinder with lengthwise pore at middle of groove.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This singleton specimen is quite divergent from the other unnamed material and others collection from Maria Aurora as well as from most sangirensis -group species in the Philippines an uncommon intestinal origin in XVII and dorsal striped pigmentation. Spermathecae are in VIII, which is less common among members of the sangirensis group than pre-septal Copulatory bursal pads are two ovals on the bursal floor, not the typical ring divided partially into wedges around the bursal opening. Penes have the primary male pore in a groove side rather than on the tip.</p><p>Pheretima sp. 3</p><p>(Figure 7)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Clitellate: PHILIPPINES: Aurora, old-growth remnant at top of hill S . of Villa Aurora, in soil (121.3335°E) 732 m a .s .l., 14 April 2001, S . W . James coll.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Solid dorsal pigmentation. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 4th setal lines, distance spermathecal pores 1.4 mm; copulatory bursae openings 0.10 circumferences apart. Septa 8/9/10 intestinal origin XVI. Copulatory bursae with internal glandular mass and pad on roof, ring of 5 wedge surrounding bursal opening.</p><p>Description</p><p>Light brown dorsal pigment. Dimensions 72 mm by 3.4 mm at segment X, 3.5 mm at XXX, 3.8 clitellum, segments 87; body circular in cross section. Setae numbering 34 at VII, 38 at XX; 2 between pores, size and distance regular between dorsal and ventral, setal formula AA:AB:YZ:ZZ = 2:2:3:4 Clitellum annular XIV–XVI; setae invisible externally.</p><p>First dorsal pores 9/10. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 4th setal line with large opening, edge of VII slightly overhanging, distance between spermathecal pores 1.4 mm, 0.11 circumferences Female pore single in XIV, 0.4 mm openings of copulatory bursae paired in XVIII at 5th setal line, placed, 1.2 mm distance between openings, 0.10 circumferences apart. Genital markings lacking.</p><p>Seta 5/6–7/8 thinly muscular, 8/9, 9/10 absent, 10/11–13/14 thin. Gizzard in VIII–X, intestine begins medium paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in extending anteriorly about to XXIV, finger-shaped sac; typhlosole low simple fold from XXVII. Hearts oesophageal.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae in VII, with nephridia on ducts; spermatheca with large shaped ampulla, some furrows on surface by gizzard, large barrel-shaped muscular, duct shorter ampulla; diverticulum with bean-shaped iridescent chamber on short stalk. Male sexual system testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X–XI. Seminal vesicles two large pairs in XI–XII, dorsal seen; prostate gland 4–5 lobes wrapped around all but medial faces of copulatory bursae, muscular curve around lateral side to posterior, make one hairpin bend to anterior, enter posterior upper copulatory bursae; distal section of duct narrowed, attached to copulatory bursae; copulatory bursae</p><p>HISTORY</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Following the same filtering as for previous comparisons with known and provisional species, the same taxa was found. Here we only need to distinguish Pheretima sp. 3 from the Mt. Banahaw provisional Quezon sp. 2 in Table 2. The latter has more setae between male pores, fewer setae in head segments muscular stout conical spermathecal duct, and prostate glands composed of 2–3 lobes. The present has short barrel-shaped spermathecal ducts and 4–5 prostate gland lobes. Prostatic ducts differ also Pheretima sp. 3 showing much longer ducts than the short duct in the other species, which goes the copulatory bursa rather than passing it, making a hairpin bend to approach from the posterior</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65628C14FF9E5B283CD701E8FA90FE23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2025): Two novel earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis group (Megascolecidae) from Aurora Province, Philippines. Journal of Natural History 59 (45 - 48): 2581-2598, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2575191
