identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
645287DF45248D64FF79FB41B1111660.text	645287DF45248D64FF79FB41B1111660.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes de Saussure 1855	<div><p>Genus  Pareumenes de Saussure, 1855</p><p>Pareumenes de Saussure, 1855: 133, division of genus  Eumenes Latreille (4 species).</p><p>Type species:  Eumenes quadrispinosus de Saussure, 1855, by subsequent designation of Bequaert (1918: 271).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45248D64FF79FB41B1111660	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45248D67FF79FA12B325124F.text	645287DF45248D67FF79FA12B325124F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) Giordani Soika 1987	<div><p>Subgenus  Brachyparmenes Giordani Soika, 1987</p><p>Brachyparmenes Giordani Soika, 1987: 201,</p><p>subgenus of  Pareumenes de Saussure.</p><p>Type species:  Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) punctatissimus Giordani Soika, 1987, by original designation and monotypy.</p><p>Interzumia Gusenleitner, 2002: 307, 317, genus.</p><p>Type species:  Interzumia rufonigra Gusenleitner, 2002, by original designation and monotypy. Syn. nov.</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (2002) described the monotypic genus  Interzumia to accommodate the new species  Interzumia rufonigra . He compared  Interzumia with the American genus  Montezumia de Saussure, stating that the two genera are closely related and differentiated only by the absence of epicnemial carina in  Interzumia . The similarity to  Montezumia seems to be only superficial since most morphological characters differ among the two genera (e.g. morphology of propodeum). The holotype of  Interzumia rufonigra was not available for direct examination, but its description and the study of the holotypes of  Pareumenes mediator Gusenleitner (a junior synonym of  I. rufonigra) and of the related  P. mirificus show that  Interzumia can be considered a junior synonym of  Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) . It is to be noted that  Pareumenes rufoniger and  P. mirificus differ from  P. punctatissimus Giordani Soika, the type species of  Brachyparmenes, in the shape of T1: elongated and weakly convex in  P. punctatissimus, shorter and strongly convex in  P. rufoniger and  P. mirificus . These differences are here considered of specific value only and not indicative of different (sub)genera, but a complete phylogenetic analysis of  Pareumenes and related genera is needed to better understand the limits of this heterogeneous group.</p><p>The shiny apicolateral lamelliform appendices of T1, mentioned as distinctive of  Interzumia both in the original description (Gusenleitner 2002) and in the key to genera published by Carpenter et al. (2009), are just the reflection of the basalmost margin of T2, serving as articulation with T1 and observed in most  Eumeninae with various degree of development.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45248D67FF79FA12B325124F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.text	645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) mirificus Selis 2025	<div><p>Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) mirificus Selis,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Brachyparmenes due to the short propodeal valvula and the T1 not angled basally, and shares the almost entirely smooth body, the presence of inferior carinae of the propodeum and the short and strongly convex T1 with  P. rufoniger, from which it is differentiated by the following characters: clypeus as long as wide, tegula with outer margin weakly concave in posterior half and posterior lobe acute, parategula oblique with expanded apex, T2–T5 with decolorate apical area, S2 barely and evenly convex for whole length and pattern bright red with extensive yellow markings on metasoma.</p><p>Type material.   HOLOTYPE: ♀ labeled “  Central African Rep. / Nana-Grebizi Pr. / 35 km NNE Mbres / 17- 18.04.2010 550 m. / A. Kudrna Jr. lgt. //  Pareumenes mirificus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis [red label]” (currently in MSVI, will be deposited in OLML).</p><p>Description. Female holotype. Body length 12.5 mm; fore wing length 10.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.1× as wide as high in frontal view. Inner eye margins subparallel, interocular distance barely wider at vertex than at clypeus. Clypeus in frontal view about as high as wide; sides of free apical part converging and then subparallel for a short portion, delimiting a narrow apical part; basal margin bisinuate and bordering the antennal insertions; apical margin barely emarginate and 0.2× as wide as clypeus, lateral teeth almost right-angled and bearing blunt but strong carinae delimiting a median depressed area; clypeus in lateral view strongly convex and somewhat bulging in basal half, distinctly depressed in narrow apical part. Interantennal area with blunt but strong longitudinal carina. Gena narrow, 0.7× as wide as eye at level of bottom of ocular sinus; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital carina about 2.6× as distance from posterior ocellus to inner eye margin, vertex slightly bulging posteriorly; cephalic foveae very small and separated by half ocellar diameter, placed in a small very shallow depression which is shallowly margined only posteriorly; occipital carina absent on vertex, sharp and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly and evenly curved in lower half. Mandible robust and five-toothed, teeth strong and pointed. F1 1.8× as long as wide and 1.5× as long as F2, F2 slightly longer than wide, F3–F5 subquadrate, F6–F9 transverse and becoming progressively shorter. Mesosoma 1.5× as long as wide. Pronotal carina complete and almost evenly rounded on humeri, shortly lamellate dorsally and becoming finer laterally. Mesoscutum 1.1× as long as wide; anterior third with two very fine converging ridges in the middle; notauli complete but barely visible for most of their length, more evident and diverging near the posterior end; mesoscutum in lateral view weakly convex anteriorly, then flattened and smoothly passing into scutellum. Scutellum flattened and with a hint of longitudinal furrow at anterior margin, separated from mesoscutum by a deep but very narrow furrow; posterior margin slightly overhanging anterior margin of metanotum. Metanotum sloping, evenly and weakly convex, weakly but distinctly separated from scutellum and propodeum; lateral longitudinal carinae sharp but very low, slightly higher anteriorly than posteriorly. Tegula elongate and weakly convex on anterior half of outer margin, then sinuate and weakly concave, posterior lobe acute and pointed, almost reaching apex of parategula; parategula oblique and nearly straight, with shallowly depressed and somewhat expanded apex. Epicnemial carina very short and barely visible, only indicated by a shallow fold of the surface of the mesepisternum; mesepisternum low and elongate, mostly oblique lateromedially and forming an even curve with mesosternum. Posterior face of propodeum very shallowly depressed, almost flattened, mid-line with a very small and carinate sclerite at upper extremity, followed by a longitudinal fovea covering about one third of the length, and then a blunt and low longitudinal carina; dorsal faces of propodeum sloping mediolaterally and weakly convex, not meeting behind metanotum, clearly separated from posterior and lateral faces of propodeum but transitions completely rounded; lateral faces more or less flattened, except for shallow depression above valvula; dorsal and lateral carinae completely absent, ventral carina present and sharp but only for a short stretch above valvula. T1 subsessile and slightly narrower than T2, in dorsal view about 0.8× as long as apically wide, sides subparallel and anteriorly smoothly passing into anterior curvature; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex, with an oblique anterior face and horizontal posterior face, transition between faces broadly rounded; horizontal face with a shallow longitudinal furrow for most of its length; posterior margin somewhat decolorate but not sharply distinct from rest of surface. S1 with posterior crescent-shaped part smoothly passing into basal petiole. T 2 in dorsal view 1.1× as long as apically wide, sides distinctly convex and apical margin slightly wider than basal margin; T 2 in lateral view weakly and evenly convex; apical margin clearly decolorate but not separated from rest of the surface. S 2 in lateral view much less convex than T2, almost flattened and barely projecting from lateral margin of tergite; mid-line of S2 with a shallow hint of a longitudinal ridge. T3–T5 with decolorate apical margin as T2, longer on T5. Prestigma slightly shorter than half the length of pterostigma.</p><p>Almost entirely impunctate, teguments variably shagreened and ranging from matte to strongly shiny. Clypeus sparsely micropunctate basally and bearing few sparse and shallow punctures apically. Area between upper lobes of eyes sparsely and shallowly punctate, vertex similarly punctate but with deeper punctures behind ocellocular space. Pronotum with very sparse punctures on dorsal faces. Mesoscutum with few hints of punctures anterolaterally. Scutellum and metanotum with extremely fine and sparse micropunctures, metanotum with few barely visible punctures anteriorly. Mesepisternum in dorsal part with few sparse punctures similar to those on pronotum, in ventral part with few extremely scattered shallower punctures. Propodeum with few shallow rounded punctures along borders of dorsal faces; median longitudinal carina with few short transverse ridges bordering it. T1 with sparse oblique punctures along lateral margins.T2 with fine oblique punctures in apical third, somewhat coarser in the middle. T3–T5 punctate similarly to apical third of T2, but punctures becoming progressively finer. T6 with sparse micropunctures. S1 with large shallow punctures in posterior half, interspaces shallowly raised and forming a reticulation. S2–S5 similar to respective tergites but punctures much sparser and coarser. Head and mesosoma with vestiture mainly made by dense and very short yellowish-white setae, whiter and denser on clypeus, gena, sides of mesosoma and propodeum; metasoma with extremely short, dust-like pubescence, sternites with scattered oblique setae.</p><p>Entirely bright red except for T2–T6 and parts of the sternites, which are dark reddish-brown; following parts yellow: suffused spots at base of clypeus, interantennal space, small lateral spots on T1, wide lateral bands running from T2 to T5 and narrowly curved inward at apex of each tergite, small spots on apical corners of S2–S3. Wings hyaline with weak yellow tinge, weakly infuscate at apex.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Central African Republic (Fig. 13G).</p><p>Etymology. The species name is the Latin adjective  “ mirificus, - a, - um ” (= marvelous), in reference to the beautiful appearance of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F.text	645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) punctatissimus Giordani Soika. B, J 1987	<div><p>Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) punctatissimus Giordani Soika, 1987</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Pareumenes punctatissimus Giordani Soika 1987: 201, figs 71, 72, ♀ (in subgenus  Brachyparmenes)</p><p>—  “ Kenya: Masongaleni, 3000 ft ” (NHMUK) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Brachyparmenes due to the short propodeal valvula and the T1 not angled basally, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by densely punctate body, absence of propodeal carinae, and elongate and weakly convex T1.</p><p>Material examined.   KENYA:  British East Africa, Masongaleni, 3000 ft., 29.III–1.IV.1911, leg. S.A. Neave, 1♀ (MSNVE, paratype)  .</p><p>Distribution. Kenya (Giordani Soika 1987) (Fig. 13G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.text	645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) rufoniger (Gusenleitner 2002) Selis 2025	<div><p>Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) rufoniger (Gusenleitner, 2002),  comb. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Interzumia rufonigra Gusenleitner, 2002: 307, 317, figs 6, 7, ♀</p><p>—  “ Zanzibar, Chwaka ” (WBVI) .</p><p>Pareumenes mediator Gusenleitner, 2012: 523, 533, figs 22, 23, ♀ (in subgenus  Brachyparmenes)</p><p>—  “ Zambia, Southern Province, 10 km E Zimba ” (OLML) . Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Brachyparmenes due to the short propodeal valvula and the T1 not angled basally, and shares the almost entirely smooth body, the presence of inferior carinae of the propodeum and the short and strongly convex T1 with  P. mirificus, from which it is differentiated by the following characters: clypeus longer than wide, tegula with outer margin evenly rounded and posterior lobe right-angled, parategula basally right-angled and with simple apex, T2–T5 entirely black and without translucent apical area, S2 more convex basally than apically and pattern black with dark-red markings.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE OF  PAREUMENES MEDIATOR: ♀, labeled: “HOLOTYPUS [red label] // ZAMBIA / SOUTHERN PROVINCE / 10 km E ZIMBA / 24.- 26.12.2002 / A. KUDRNA JR. LGT. // ♀ //  Pareumenes / mediator  nov. spec. ♀ / J.Gusenleitner,det.2011 / Holotypus // Biologiezentrum Linz, / Austria (LI) / ex Coll. J. &amp; M. Halada / Eingang 2006” (OLML).   SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, 10 km SE of Alexandria,  Nat. Res., 28–31.I.2000, leg. J. Halada, 1♀ (OLML, paratype of  P. mediator).</p><p>Distribution. South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia (Gusenleitner 2002, 2012) (Fig. 13G).</p><p>Notes. The holotype of  Interzumia rufonigra was not available for examination, but comparison of its description (Gusenleitner 2002: 317) with the type series of  Pareumenes mediator showed a perfect match in all characters (e.g., reduction to absence of sculpture, morphology of clypeus, propodeum, T1 and S1, pattern). For this reason,  Pareumenes mediator is synonymized under  Interzumia rufonigra, in the new combination of  Pareumenes rufoniger .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45208D60FF79FAB1B1BE1434.text	645287DF45208D60FF79FAB1B1BE1434.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Nortonia) de Saussure 1869	<div><p>Subgenus  Nortonia de Saussure, 1869</p><p>Nortonia de Saussure, 1869: 53, genus.</p><p>Type species:  Odynerus intermedius de Saussure, 1852, by original designation.</p><p>Afrorhynchium Gusenleitner, 2020: 221, genus.</p><p>Type species:  Afrorhynchium dathei Gusenleitner, 2020, by original designation and monotypy. Syn. nov.</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (2020) described the monotypic genus  Afrorhynchium providing the impunctate dorsal side of the mesosoma and the longitudinally ridged S2 as diagnostic characters, in addition to the characters of the species. These two characters considered as diagnostic of  Afrorhynchium are in fact observed in other genera of  Eumeninae, either combined or separately; in particular, all the species of the subgenus P. ( Nortonia) show a variously developed ridge on S2, and the species occurring in the Afrotropical region (including the Arabian Peninsula) are all characterized by the mostly impunctate mesosoma. Comparison of the description and some pictures of the holotype of  Afrorhynchium dathei with several species of P. ( Nortonia) did not allow finding any character supporting the recognition of  Afrorhynchium as a distinct taxon, leading to its synonymy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45208D60FF79FAB1B1BE1434	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.text	645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Nortonia) enslini (von Schulthess 1931)	<div><p>Pareumenes (Nortonia) enslini (von Schulthess, 1931)</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Nortonia enslini von Schulthess, 1931: 49, ♂</p><p>—   “ Palestina,  Wadi el Kelt nahe Jericho ” (ETHZ)  .</p><p>Pareumenes mimus Giordani Soika 1981: 115, ♀, ♂</p><p>—   “ Dhofar: 700 m.,  Ayun Pools ” (holotype female NHMUK)  . Junior subjective synonym of  Nortonia enslini von Schulthess, 1931 according to Guichard 1986: 225.</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Nortonia due to the propodeal valvula not markedly exceeding the apex of the propodeum and the bell-shaped, short and basally angled T1, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body with distinct deep punctures on propodeum and metasoma, the short clypeus with apical margin as wide as interantennal space, the strongly convex and bulging vertex and gena, the absence of the pronotal carina, the weakly sinuate lateral carina of propodeum, the basally bulging S2 with a longitudinal ridge reaching the middle of the surface, the red-brown pattern with variable yellow markings, and the longitudinally striate clypeus of female.</p><p>Material examined.   OMAN: Dhofar,  Ayun Pools, 700 m, 10.X.1977, leg. K. Guichard, 1♀ (MSNVE, paratype of  Pareumenes mimus) ;   Dhofar, wadi Hanna, Baobab forest,  Hasheer Agher vill., 315–350 m, 10.X.2022, leg. J. Dalihod, 1♀ (MSVI) ;   Dhofar,  5 km N Aydam, R 45, 820 m, 6.X.2021, leg. M. Halada, 1♀ (CSE) ;   Dhofar,  6 km NW Thalkut, 750 m, 30.IX.2023, leg. M. Halada, 2♂ (CSE) ;   south Dhofar,  90 km W Salalah, 880 m, 7.X.2021, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1♂ (MSVI) ;   south Dhofar,  90 km W Salalah, 900 m, 7.X.2021, leg. M. Halada, 1♂ (CSE)  .   PALESTINE:  Wadi Kelt, 19–26.IV.1934, leg. Enslin, 1♀ (MSNVE)  .</p><p>Distribution. Egypt, Israel, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia (von Schulthess 1931; Giordani Soika 1938, 1952 a, 1970, 1981; Guichard 1986; Gusenleitner 1997) (Fig. 13G).</p><p>Notes. This species is found only at the edge of the Afrotropical region, being found in the southern areas of the Arabian Peninsula, while most of its range is found in the Palaearctic region. However, it is included in the present revision due to its clear affinities with the strictly Afrotropical species of the subgenus  Nortonia, in particular  P. mochii . The three species of P. ( Nortonia) considered here differ from the strictly Palaearctic species of the subgenus in various characters, of which the most evident are the largely smooth and impunctate body, the pronotum lacking the dorsal carina, and the lateral carina of the propodeum only weakly sinuated or angled at the apex without forming a tooth.</p><p>The specimen from Wadi Kelt was examined by Giordani Soika (1938) to describe the female sex of this species and is labelled as allotype. However, von Schulthess (1931) reported only a male in the original description, therefore the specimen described by Giordani Soika is not a true type.</p><p>Pareumenes enslini shows a wide range of chromatic variability, ranging from entirely red-brown to widely yellow-marked. The yellow markings are usually observed on face (sometimes covering most of it), scape, T2, T3 and S2, while markings on pronotum and T1 are more rarely observed. The entirely red form is apparently the most widespread, being observed in an area covering Egypt, the Levant, and the Arabian Peninsula, while the extensively yellow-marked form appears limited to the southern areas of the Arabian Peninsula. These chromatic and geographic differences, combined with the presence of differences in the apical margin of the female clypeus and in sculpture of T2, led to the description of the yellow-marked form as a distinct species,  P. mimus Giordani Soika, 1981, later synonymized by Guichard (1986) due to the lack of morphological differences. The examination of various material confirms the synonymy proposed by Guichard, since specimens from the same areas of Oman present a wide variety of patterns, covering various intermediate forms between  P. enslini and  P. mimus . The differences in the apical margin of the clypeus, also used to distinguish  P. enslini from  P. mochii (Giordani Soika 1938), proved to be inconsistent given the variability of this character in the female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.text	645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Nortonia) laevis (von Schulthess 1903)	<div><p>Pareumenes (Nortonia) laevis (von Schulthess, 1903)</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Nortonia laevis von Schulthess, 1903: 363, ♂</p><p>—   “ Insel  St. Thomé ” (ETHZ)  .</p><p>Afrorhynchium dathei Gusenleitner, 2020: 221, figs 1–6, ♀</p><p>—   “ RSA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.888056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.509167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.888056/lat -28.509167)">Kalahari</a>, Augrabies, 630 m, 28°30’33”S 19°53’17”E ” (OLML). Syn. nov  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Nortonia due to the propodeal valvula not markedly exceeding the apex of the propodeum and the bell-shaped, short and basally angled T1, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the elongate clypeus with apical margin wider than interantennal space, the vertex and gena not markedly convex, the absence of the pronotal carina, the weakly sinuate lateral carina of propodeum, the evenly convex S2 and the black and dark red pattern.</p><p>Material examined.   NAMIBIA: Khomas,  Gmundner Lodge, 15.III.2003, leg. M. &amp; J. Schwarz, 1♀ (OLML) ;  SÃO TOMÉ: Guinée, San Thomè, 3♂ 1♀ (MSNVE, MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Namibia, São Tomé, South Africa (von Schulthess 1903; Giordani Soika 1938, 1987; Gusenleitner 2012) (Fig. 13G).</p><p>Notes. The female specimen in MSNVE was examined by Giordani Soika (1987: 204) to describe the female sex of this taxon and is labeled as allotype, but in fact it does not belong to the type series.</p><p>Comparison of pictures of the holotype of  Afrorhynchium dathei with specimens of  Pareumenes laevis, including the mentioned “ allotype ”, did not allow finding any character useful to recognize them as two distinct species. The holotype of  Afrorhynchium dathei from South Africa differs from the specimens from São Tomé in having reduced red markings, small yellowish spots at sides of T2 and coarser and denser punctures on mesepisternum. These characters are here regarded as simple intraspecific variability, probably related to the different climatic conditions, leading to the synonymy of  Afrorhynchium dathei under  Pareumenes laevis . This is further supported by the examination of a female specimen from Namibia, showing an even darker pattern than the holotype of A. dathei but having the sculpture of the mesepisternum intermediate between  P. laevis from São Tomé and A. dathei.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA.text	645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Nortonia) mochii Giordani Soika. C, E 1938	<div><p>Pareumenes (Nortonia) mochii Giordani Soika, 1938</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Pareumenes mochii Giordani Soika, 1938: 113, ♀ (in subgenus  Nortonia)</p><p>—  “ Somalia italiana: Warden ” (MSNVE) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Nortonia due to the propodeal valvula not markedly exceeding the apex of the propodeum and the bell-shaped, short and basally angled T1, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the short clypeus with apical margin narrower than interantennal space, the strongly convex and bulging vertex and gena, the absence of the pronotal carina, the weakly sinuate lateral carina of propodeum, the decolorate and reflexed apical margin of T2, the basally bulging S2 with a longitudinal ridge limited to the basal bulge, and the extensive yellow and bright red pattern on black background.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE OF  PAREUMENES MOCHII: ♀ labeled “Coll. A. Mochi / X. 35 / Warden / Somalia // leptogaster Walk. //  Pareumenes / ( Nortonia) /  Mochii n.sp. / Giordani Soika det. 1939 // HOLOTYPUS /  Pareumenes (Nortonia) /  mochii n.sp. / A Giordani Soika [red label]” (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Somalia (Giordani Soika 1938, 1973) (Fig. 13G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452F8D6EFF79FA06B05F1133.text	645287DF452F8D6EFF79FA06B05F1133.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Pareumenes) arabicus (Giordani Soika 1981) Giordani Soika. D 1981	<div><p>Pareumenes (Pareumenes) arabicus Giordani Soika, 1981,  stat. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Pareumenes sansibaricus arabicus 
Giordani Soika, 1981: 116, ♀ —“ Dhofar: 700 m.,  Ayun Pools ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the thin and not flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the more elongate T1 (2.3–2.6× as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T1, the strongly reflexed apical margin of T2 forming a translucent lamella, and the white but barely silvery pubescence.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE OF  PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS ARABICUS: ♀ labeled “HOLOTYPE [circular label with red border] // DHOFAR 700 m. / Ayun Pools / 10.10.1977 / K.Guichard // HOLO / PARATYPUS [PARA cancelled with pen] /  P. sansibaricus /  arabicus / A. Giordani Soika [red label] // B.M. TYPE / HYM / 18.1244 // [QR code] / NHMUK015610164 ” (NHMUK).   OMAN: Dhofar, 5 km N  Aydam, R 45, 820 m, 6.X.2021, leg. M. Halada, 1♂ (CSE).</p><p>Distribution. Oman, Yemen? (Giordani Soika 1981; Guichard 1986; Gusenleitner 2013) (Fig. 13H).</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (2013) reports the species as occurring in Yemen but not in Oman, where it was recorded by Giordani Soika (1981) and Guichard (1986). Probably Gusenleitner meant Oman instead of Yemen, although the presence in Yemen is plausible.</p><p>Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of  Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of a pair of  P. sansibaricus arabicus, including the female holotype, however revealed further differences from the nominotypical subspecies: apical emargination of clypeus narrower and deeper with acute lateral teeth, apical margin of T2 reflexed and forming a yellowish translucent lamella, pubescence of head and mesosoma white but not metallic. Given the morphological and chromatic differences and the geographical isolation of  P. sansibaricus arabicus in the Arabian Peninsula, this taxon is elevated to the species-rank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF452F8D6EFF79FA06B05F1133	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.text	645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Pareumenes) flavopetiolatus (Giordani Soika 1979) Giordani Soika 1979	<div><p>Pareumenes (Pareumenes) flavopetiolatus Giordani Soika, 1979,  stat. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Pareumenes sansibaricus flavopetiolatus Giordani Soika, 1979: 244, ♂</p><p>—  “ Niger: Dosso ” (NHMUK) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the long, robust and flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the less elongate T1 (2.05× as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T1, the weakly reflexed apical margin of T2 forming a translucent lamella, and the silvery pubescence.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE OF  PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS FLAVOPETIOLATUS: ♂ labeled “ NIGER / Dosso / 15.x.76 // PAR / 1 // HOLOTYPUS /  Pareumenes /  sansibaricus /  flavopetiolatus / A. Giordani Soika [red label] // [QR code] / NHMUK015610162” (NHMUK).</p><p>Distribution. Niger (Giordani Soika 1979) (Fig. 13H).</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of  Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Photographic examination of the holotype of  P. sansibaricus flavopetiolatus however showed how this taxon presents a markedly shorter and stouter T1 (about 2.05× as long as apically wide) and a translucent apical margin of T2. Given these morphological differences, the markedly different pattern and the geographical isolation of  P. sansibaricus flavopetiolatus in West Africa, this taxon is elevated to species-rank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.text	645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Pareumenes) laetefasciatus (Giordani Soika 1944) Giordani Soika. A 1944	<div><p>Pareumenes (Pareumenes) laetefasciatus Giordani Soika, 1944,  stat. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Pareumenes sansibaricus laetefasciatus Giordani Soika, 1944: 157 (key), ♀</p><p>—   “ Africa orientale:  Iscia Baidoa ” (MSNVE)  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the long, robust and flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the more elongate T1 (2.3–2.6× as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T1, the strongly reflexed apical margin of T2 forming a translucent lamella, and the strongly silvery pubescence.</p><p>Material examined.   LECTOTYPE OF  PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS LAETEFASCIATUS: ♀ labeled “Coll. A. Mochi / V. 35 / Iscia Baidoa / Somalia // HOLOTYPUS /  Pareumenes /  sansibaricus var /  laetefasciatus n.v. / A Giordani Soika [red label]” (MSNVE).   ETHIOPIA: Africa Orientale Italiana,  Sagan-Omo, Caschei, 8.VII.1939, leg. E. Zavattari, 1♀ (MSNVE, paralectotype);  20 km SE of Konso, 860 m, 11–13.V.2015, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1♀ (MSVI). KENYA: Malindi, Watamu, 6.XII.1972, leg. A. Mochi, 1♀ (MSVI);  Rift Valley, Samburu,  Buffalo Springs, 15–18.VII.1987, leg. H.R. Feijen, 1♂ (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Ethiopia, Kenya *, Somalia (Giordani Soika 1944, 1952b, 1973) (Fig. 13H).</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika labelled the two type specimens as holotype and paratype, however he (Giordani Soika 1944) described this taxon without selecting a holotype and later (Giordani Soika 1973: 36) designated the female from Iscia Baidoa as “Lecto-olotipo” (= lecto-holotype). They are therefore to be regarded as lectotype and paralectotype.</p><p>Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of  Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of several specimens of  P. sansibaricus laetefasciatus, including the lectotype, however revealed further differences from the nominotypical subspecies: apical emargination of clypeus narrower and deeper with acute lateral teeth and apical margin of T2 reflexed and forming a yellowish translucent lamella. Given these morphological differences, the richly marked pattern and the vicariant distribution ( P. sansibaricus laetefasciatus in Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya,  P. sansibaricus s. str. from Tanzania to the south), this taxon is elevated to the species-rank. For the two characters mentioned above,  P. laetefasciatus is more similar to  P. arabicus, from which it is however easily distinguished by the strongly metallic pubescence on head and mesosoma, and the wider and blunter lateral projections of propodeum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.text	645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Pareumenes) laterorufofasciatus (Giordani Soika 1944) Giordani Soika 1944	<div><p>Pareumenes (Pareumenes) laterorufofasciatus Giordani Soika, 1944,  stat. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 10)</p><p>Pareumenes sansibaricus laterorufofasciatus Giordani Soika, 1944: 157 (key), 158, ♀</p><p>—   “  Delagoa:  Rikatla ” (MSNVE)  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the wide and shallow apical emargination of clypeus, the entirely striate posterior depression of propodeum, the short, flattened and right-angled lateral projections of propodeum, the less elongate T1 (2.05– 2.15× as long as apically wide) with a longitudinal furrow on the convex posterior part, and the pale brownish pubescence.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE OF  PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS LATERORUFOFASCIATUS: ♀ labeled “ Rikatla /  Delagoa / ( Junod) // ♀ //  E. Lepelletieri Schulthess / concinnus det. 1911 // HOLOTYPUS /  Pareumenes /  sansibaricus /  v. laterorufofasciatus / n.v. A Giordani Soika [red label]” (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Mozambique (Giordani Soika 1944, 1973) (Fig. 13H).</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of  Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of the holotype of  P. sansibaricus laterorufofasciatus however revealed several morphological characters that allow to consider  P. laterorufofasciatus a distinct species: wider gena, entirely striate propodeal depression, T1 more robust, longitudinally furrowed and without translucent apical margin, and pubescence of head and mesosoma brownish and less evident. These characters are shared with  P. occidentalis, from which  P. laterorufofasciatus is readily distinguished by the short and right-angled lateral projections of propodeum and the entirely red dorsal faces of propodeum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.text	645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Pareumenes) occidentalis (Giordani Soika 1944) Giordani Soika. A 1944	<div><p>Pareumenes (Pareumenes) occidentalis Giordani Soika, 1944 stat. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 11)</p><p>Pareumenes sansibaricus occidentalis Giordani Soika, 1944: 157 (key), 158, ♀, ♂</p><p>—   “ Africa del sud-ovest:  Hoarusib Otshu ” (MSNVE)  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the entirely striate posterior depression of propodeum, the long, flattened and acute lateral projections of propodeum, the less elongate T1 (2.05–2.15× as long as apically wide) with a longitudinal furrow on the convex posterior part, and the pale brownish pubescence.</p><p>Material examined.   LECTOTYPE OF  PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS OCCIDENTALIS: ♀ labeled “Hoarusib Otshu / S.W.A. / Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1926. [last two lines on underside] // South African Museum, / Cape Town. No 104. // HOLOTYPUS /  Pareumenes /  sansibaricus /  v. occidentalis v.n. / A Giordani Soika [red label]” (MSNVE).   NAMIBIA: S.W.A.,  Kaross, 1♂ (MSNVE, paralectotype).   SOUTH AFRICA: Suid Afrika, Natal,  Ndumu Game Reserve, 20–24.II.1967, leg. D. Gillissen &amp; L. Blommers, 1♀ (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Namibia, South Africa * (Giordani Soika 1944, 1973) (Fig. 13H).</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika labelled the two type specimens as holotype and paratype, however he (Giordani Soika 1944) described this taxon without selecting a holotype and later (Giordani Soika 1973: 36) designated the female from Hoarusib Otshu as “Lecto-olotipo” (= lecto-holotype) and the male from Kaross as “Lecto-allotipo” (= lectoallotype). They are therefore to be regarded as lectotype and paralectotype. The genitalia of the male paralectotype were already dissected by Giordani Soika, with the aedeagus missing (Fig. 13E).</p><p>Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of  Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of some specimens of  P. sansibaricus occidentalis, including the type series, however revealed several morphological characters that allow to consider  P. occidentalis a distinct species: wider gena, entirely striate propodeal depression, T1 more robust, longitudinally furrowed and without translucent apical margin, and pubescence of head and mesosoma brownish and less evident. These characters are shared with  P. laterorufofasciatus, from which  P. occidentalis is readily distinguished by the long and acute lateral projections of propodeum and the dorsal faces of propodeum with large yellow markings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.text	645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes (Pareumenes) sansibaricus (Schulz 1905) Giordani Soika 1944	<div><p>Pareumenes (Pareumenes) sansibaricus (Schulz, 1905)</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Eumenes sansibarica Schulz, 1905: 9, ♀ (in subgenus  Pareumenes)</p><p>—  “ Sansibar, Africae orientalis” (ZSM) .</p><p>Pareumenes marshalli Meade-Waldo, 1910: 45, ♀</p><p>—  “Salisbury, Mashonaland ” (NHMUK) . Junior subjective synonym of  Eumenes sansibarica Schulz, 1905 according to Bequaert 1928: 171.</p><p>Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus  Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the wider and shallower apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the long, robust and flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the more elongate T1 (2.3–2.6× as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T1, the barely reflexed apical margin of T2 not forming a distinct lamella, and the strongly silvery pubescence.</p><p>Material examined.   MOZAMBIQUE: Inhaca,  Hotel, 12.II.1978, leg. H.R. Feijen, 1♂ (MSNVE)  .   NAMIBIA: Caprivi Strip,  Lizauli, 7.I.2015, leg. S. Prepsl, 1♀ (MSVI) ;   Nagusib, I.1923, 1♀ (MSNVE) ;   Khomas,  Gmundner Lodge, 15.III.2003, leg. M. &amp; J. Schwarz, 1♀ (OLML)  .   SOUTH AFRICA: N. Transvaal,  Elisras, 7.X.1961, leg. H.N. Empey, 1♀ (MSNVE) ;   N. Transvaal,  Shilouvane, 3.X.1899, leg. Junod, 1♀ (MSVI)  .   ZAMBIA: N.E. Rhodesia, Luwingu to mouth of the  Chambezi Riv., 8.X.1908, leg. S.A. Neave, 1♀ (MSNVE)  .  UNKNOWN: Afr. Centr., 1♀ (MSNVE);   D.O.  Afrika, leg. A. Böttcher, 1♀ (MSNVE) ;  E.K.H., 20.X.1943, 1♀ (MSNVE) .</p><p>Distribution. Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), Zambia, Zimbabwe (Schulz 1905; Meade-Waldo 1910; Bequaert 1928; Giordani Soika 1935, 1944, 1973; Selis 2018) (Fig. 13H).</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of  Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of type specimens and additional material revealed in fact the presence of morphological differences that allow to recognize all the subspecies as distinct species. The differences are resumed under each taxon and in the identification key.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45358D71FF79F8A9B7F61101.text	645287DF45358D71FF79F8A9B7F61101.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pareumenes de Saussure 1855	<div><p>Updated checklist of the Afrotropical species of the genus  Pareumenes</p><p>1.  Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) mirificus Selis,  sp. nov.</p><p>2.  Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) punctatissimus Giordani Soika, 1987</p><p>3.  Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) rufoniger (Gusenleitner, 2002),  comb. nov.</p><p>4.  Pareumenes (Nortonia) enslini (von Schulthess, 1931)</p><p>5.  Pareumenes (Nortonia) laevis (von Schulthess, 1903)</p><p>6.  Pareumenes (Nortonia) mochii Giordani Soika, 1938</p><p>7.  Pareumenes (Pareumenes) arabicus Giordani Soika, 1981,  stat. nov.</p><p>8.  Pareumenes (Pareumenes) flavopetiolatus Giordani Soika, 1979,  stat. nov.</p><p>9.  Pareumenes (Pareumenes) laetefasciatus Giordani Soika, 1944,  stat. nov.</p><p>10.  Pareumenes (Pareumenes) laterorufofasciatus Giordani Soika, 1944,  stat. nov.</p><p>11.  Pareumenes (Pareumenes) occidentalis Giordani Soika, 1944,  stat. nov.</p><p>12.  Pareumenes (Pareumenes) sansibaricus (Schulz, 1905)</p><p>Key to the subgenera and Afrotropical species of  Pareumenes</p><p>1. Propodeal valvula short and not forming a lobe with submarginal carina (Fig. 14A). T1 not angled basally, without transverse ridge (Figs 1D, 2D, 14G–H)...................................... 3, subgenus P. ( Brachyparmenes) Giordani Soika</p><p>- Propodeal valvula long and forming a variably developed lobe together with submarginal carina (Figs 14B–D). T1 distinctly angled at extreme base, with a marked transverse ridge (Figs 4E, 5E, 6D, 7D, 8A, 9E, 10D, 11E, 12E, 14P, Q)........... 2</p><p>2. Pronotal carina absent on dorsal face (Fig. 14E). Lateral carina of propodeum weakly sinuate or angled above valvula (Figs 4D, 5D, 6C). Lobe of valvula and submarginal carina short, not markedly exceeding apex of propodeum (Figs 14B, C). T1 bell-shaped with strongly diverging sides, about as long as apically wide (Figs 4E, 5E, 6D).................................................................................................... 5, subgenus P. ( Nortonia) de Saussure</p><p>- Pronotal carina fine but well visible on dorsal face (Fig. 14F). Lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe above valvula, long and curved inward (except in  P. laterorufofasciatus). Lobe of valvula and submarginal carina long, strongly exceeding apex of propodeum (Fig. 14D). T1 elongate and with weakly diverging sides, at least twice as long as apically wide (Figs 7D, 8A, 9E, 10D, 11E, 12E)........................................7, subgenus P. ( Pareumenes) de Saussure</p><p>3. Whole body with dense deep punctures (Fig. 2). Propodeum entirely rounded, lacking all carinae; posterior face of propodeum with long transverse striae originating from median carina (Fig. 2C). T1 more elongate and subtriangular, with markedly converging sides (Fig. 2D); T 1 in lateral view weakly convex basally (Fig. 14G). Black with red markings on face and large yellow spots on propodeum...............................................  P. (B.) punctatissimus Giordani Soika</p><p>- Frons and pronotum with sparse shallow punctures, rest of body almost smooth, finely micropunctate with very sparse barely visible punctures (Fig. 1). Propodeum with short but distinct inferior carina just above valvula; posterior face of propodeum almost entirely smooth, median carina flanked by extremely short ridges (Fig. 1C). T1 less elongate and parallel-sided (Fig. 1D); T 1 in lateral view strongly convex basally, almost forming an anterior vertical face (Fig. 14H). Different pattern, either black with dark red markings or red with extensive yellow markings on metasoma .................................. 4</p><p>4. Clypeus longer than wide (Fig. 3B). Outer margin of tegula evenly curved, apex of posterior lobe nearly right-angled; parategula basally right-angled and apically rounded. T2–T5 entirely black and opaque. S 2 in lateral view more convex in basal half than apically. Black with dark-red markings (Fig. 3A)....................................  P. (B.) rufoniger (Gusenleitner)</p><p>- Clypeus as long as wide (Fig. 1B). Outer margin of tegula sinuate and weakly concave in posterior half, apex of posterior lobe acute; parategula oblique and weakly expanded at apex. T2–T5 with decolorate and translucent apical area. S 2 in lateral view barely and evenly convex for whole length. Bright red with extensive yellow markings on metasoma (Fig. 1A)......................................................................................  P. (B.) mirificus Selis,  sp. nov.</p><p>5. Clypeus distinctly longer than wide and flattened to shallowly depressed in ventral half; apical margin wider than interantennal space and subtruncate to shallowly emarginate, with lateral teeth blunt and pointing outwards (Figs 5B, C). Vertex and gena not markedly convex, vertex not bulging in lateral view; in female, upper lobe of eye of usual size, about as long as gena behind it (Fig. 14I). Propodeal valvula wide, widely rounded posteriorly (Fig. 14C). S 2 in profile almost evenly convex from base to apex, with a barely visible longitudinal ridge near base. Black with few dark red markings, yellow markings reduced to interantennal spot and male clypeus ................................................  P. (N.) laevis (von Schulthess)</p><p>- Clypeus about as long as wide; apical margin at most as wide as interantennal space and shallowly emarginate, with short but distinct subtriangular lateral teeth (Figs 4B, C, 6B). Vertex and gena convex, vertex somewhat bulging in lateral view; in female, upper lobe of eye small, much shorter than gena behind it (Fig. 14J). Propodeal valvula narrow, almost pointed posteriorly (Fig. 14B). S 2 in profile weakly but distinctly bulging basally, longitudinal ridge prominent and well visible. Different pattern.. 6</p><p>6. Lateral carina of propodeum very weakly sinuate apically, almost evenly rounded (Fig. 6C). Apical margin of T2 decolorate and reflexed, almost lamellar (Fig. 6D). S 2 in profile more strongly bulging basally, longitudinal ridge limited to basal bulge. Almost completely impunctate, with some barely visible punctures on mesepisternum, dorsal faces of propodeum and S2 (Figs 6A–D). Black with extensive yellow and bright red markings...........................  P. (N.) mochii Giordani Soika</p><p>- Lateral carina of propodeum distinctly sinuate or bluntly angled apically (Fig. 4D). Apical margin of T2 flattened and not differentiated from the rest of the tergite (Fig. 4E). S 2 in profile less strongly bulging basally, longitudinal ridge reaching middle of sternite. Clypeus with irregular longitudinal striation on ventral half (Fig. 4B); small but well-defined punctures on propodeum and metasoma, larger and deeper on S2 (Figs 4A–D). Red-brown with blackish apex of metasoma, sometimes with yellow markings on face (always in male) and T1–T2................................  P. (N.) enslini (von Schulthess)</p><p>7. Gena wider, less markedly narrowed below (Fig. 14K). Posterior depression of propodeum entirely covered in strong oblique ridges (Figs 10C, 11D). T1 more robust, 2.05–2.15× as long as apically wide (Figs 10D, 11E); T 1 in lateral view with dorsal surface evenly and weakly convex from base to apex (Fig. 14P); longitudinal furrow more evident but of regular depth for whole length (Fig. 14R); apical margin not differentiated from rest of surface (Figs 14P, 14R). Pubescence of head and mesosoma finer, pale brownish and without any silvery reflection (Figs 10, 11, 14M). Metasoma without yellow markings (Figs 10D, 11E). Digitus proportionally shorter and more robust, with sides more converging apically (Fig. 13E; unknown in  P. laterorufofasciatus)................................................................................... 8</p><p>- Gena narrower, more markedly narrowed below (Fig. 14L). Posterior depression of propodeum largely smooth, at most crenate along median carina (Figs 7C, 8A, 9D, 12D). T1 slenderer, 2.3–2.6× as long as apically wide (Figs 7D, 9E, 12E) (except for  P. flavopetiolatus in which it is 2.05× as long as wide, Fig. 8A); T 1 in lateral view with dorsal surface becoming progressively more convex posteriorly (Fig. 14Q); longitudinal furrow less marked but forming a deep pit near posterior end (Fig. 14S); apical margin strongly decolorate and translucent, forming a shallowly reflexed lamella (Figs 14Q, S). Pubescence of head and mesosoma thicker and with strong silvery reflections, particularly evident on face, gena and sides of mesosoma (white but barely metallic in  P. arabicus from Arabian Peninsula) (Figs 7A, 8A, 9A, 12A, 14N, O). Metasoma with yellow markings at least on T1 (Figs 7D, 8A, 9E, 12E). Digitus proportionally longer and slenderer, with sides mostly parallel (Figs 13C, D, F; unknown in  P. flavopetiolatus).......................................................................... 9</p><p>8. Lateral projection of propodeum forming a long and acute lobe, slightly curved inward (Fig. 11D). Dorsal faces of propodeum black with yellow apical half, some reddish markings between black and yellow (Figs 11A, D)................................................................................................  P. (P.) occidentalis Giordani Soika</p><p>- Lateral projection of propodeum forming a short and more or less right-angled lobe, pointing outward (Fig. 10C). Dorsal faces of propodeum entirely red (Figs 10A, C)................................ ..  P. (P.) laterorufofasciatus Giordani Soika</p><p>9. T1 2.05× as long as apically wide, almost entirely yellow with trilobate dark red marking in apical half (Fig. 8A)................................................................................  P. (P.) flavopetiolatus Giordani Soika</p><p>- T1 2.3–2.6× as long as apically wide, black and red with narrow yellow lines on sides and apical margin (Figs 7D, 9E, 12E). .................................................................................................. 10</p><p>10. Apical emargination of clypeus wider and shallower, teeth bordering it shorter and less acute (Figs 12B, C). Apical margin of T2 flattened to barely reflexed, forming a dark brown lamella not markedly separated from the rest of the surface (Fig. 12E)..............................................................................  P. (P.) sansibaricus (Schulz)</p><p>- Apical emargination of clypeus narrower and deeper, teeth bordering it longer and more acute (Figs 7B, 9B, C). Apical margin of T2 markedly reflexed, forming a translucent yellowish lamella sharply separated from the rest of the surface (Figs 7D, 9E) .................................................................................................. 11</p><p>11. Pubescence of head and mesosoma white but barely silvery, without distinct metallic reflections (Figs 7A–C, 14O). Lateral projections of propodeum not depressed, thinner and more pointed (Fig. 7C)..............  P. (P.) arabicus Giordani Soika</p><p>- Pubescence of head and mesosoma distinctly silvery, with strong metallic reflections (Figs 9A–C, 14N). Lateral projections of propodeum dorsoventrally depressed, wider and less pointed (Fig. 9D)..............  P. (P.) laetefasciatus Giordani Soika</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/645287DF45358D71FF79F8A9B7F61101	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
