taxonID	type	description	language	source
645287DF45248D64FF79FB41B1111660.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Eumenes quadrispinosus de Saussure, 1855, by subsequent designation of Bequaert (1918: 271).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45248D67FF79FA12B325124F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes) punctatissimus Giordani Soika, 1987, by original designation and monotypy.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45248D67FF79FA12B325124F.taxon	discussion	Notes. Gusenleitner (2002) described the monotypic genus Interzumia to accommodate the new species Interzumia rufonigra. He compared Interzumia with the American genus Montezumia de Saussure, stating that the two genera are closely related and differentiated only by the absence of epicnemial carina in Interzumia. The similarity to Montezumia seems to be only superficial since most morphological characters differ among the two genera (e. g. morphology of propodeum). The holotype of Interzumia rufonigra was not available for direct examination, but its description and the study of the holotypes of Pareumenes mediator Gusenleitner (a junior synonym of I. rufonigra) and of the related P. mirificus show that Interzumia can be considered a junior synonym of Pareumenes (Brachyparmenes). It is to be noted that Pareumenes rufoniger and P. mirificus differ from P. punctatissimus Giordani Soika, the type species of Brachyparmenes, in the shape of T 1: elongated and weakly convex in P. punctatissimus, shorter and strongly convex in P. rufoniger and P. mirificus. These differences are here considered of specific value only and not indicative of different (sub) genera, but a complete phylogenetic analysis of Pareumenes and related genera is needed to better understand the limits of this heterogeneous group. The shiny apicolateral lamelliform appendices of T 1, mentioned as distinctive of Interzumia both in the original description (Gusenleitner 2002) and in the key to genera published by Carpenter et al. (2009), are just the reflection of the basalmost margin of T 2, serving as articulation with T 1 and observed in most Eumeninae with various degree of development.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Brachyparmenes due to the short propodeal valvula and the T 1 not angled basally, and shares the almost entirely smooth body, the presence of inferior carinae of the propodeum and the short and strongly convex T 1 with P. rufoniger, from which it is differentiated by the following characters: clypeus as long as wide, tegula with outer margin weakly concave in posterior half and posterior lobe acute, parategula oblique with expanded apex, T 2 – T 5 with decolorate apical area, S 2 barely and evenly convex for whole length and pattern bright red with extensive yellow markings on metasoma.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labeled “ Central African Rep. / Nana-Grebizi Pr. / 35 km NNE Mbres / 17 - 18.04.2010 550 m. / A. Kudrna Jr. lgt. // Pareumenes mirificus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] ” (currently in MSVI, will be deposited in OLML).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype. Body length 12.5 mm; fore wing length 10.5 mm. Head 1.1 × as wide as high in frontal view. Inner eye margins subparallel, interocular distance barely wider at vertex than at clypeus. Clypeus in frontal view about as high as wide; sides of free apical part converging and then subparallel for a short portion, delimiting a narrow apical part; basal margin bisinuate and bordering the antennal insertions; apical margin barely emarginate and 0.2 × as wide as clypeus, lateral teeth almost right-angled and bearing blunt but strong carinae delimiting a median depressed area; clypeus in lateral view strongly convex and somewhat bulging in basal half, distinctly depressed in narrow apical part. Interantennal area with blunt but strong longitudinal carina. Gena narrow, 0.7 × as wide as eye at level of bottom of ocular sinus; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital carina about 2.6 × as distance from posterior ocellus to inner eye margin, vertex slightly bulging posteriorly; cephalic foveae very small and separated by half ocellar diameter, placed in a small very shallow depression which is shallowly margined only posteriorly; occipital carina absent on vertex, sharp and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly and evenly curved in lower half. Mandible robust and five-toothed, teeth strong and pointed. F 1 1.8 × as long as wide and 1.5 × as long as F 2, F 2 slightly longer than wide, F 3 – F 5 subquadrate, F 6 – F 9 transverse and becoming progressively shorter. Mesosoma 1.5 × as long as wide. Pronotal carina complete and almost evenly rounded on humeri, shortly lamellate dorsally and becoming finer laterally. Mesoscutum 1.1 × as long as wide; anterior third with two very fine converging ridges in the middle; notauli complete but barely visible for most of their length, more evident and diverging near the posterior end; mesoscutum in lateral view weakly convex anteriorly, then flattened and smoothly passing into scutellum. Scutellum flattened and with a hint of longitudinal furrow at anterior margin, separated from mesoscutum by a deep but very narrow furrow; posterior margin slightly overhanging anterior margin of metanotum. Metanotum sloping, evenly and weakly convex, weakly but distinctly separated from scutellum and propodeum; lateral longitudinal carinae sharp but very low, slightly higher anteriorly than posteriorly. Tegula elongate and weakly convex on anterior half of outer margin, then sinuate and weakly concave, posterior lobe acute and pointed, almost reaching apex of parategula; parategula oblique and nearly straight, with shallowly depressed and somewhat expanded apex. Epicnemial carina very short and barely visible, only indicated by a shallow fold of the surface of the mesepisternum; mesepisternum low and elongate, mostly oblique lateromedially and forming an even curve with mesosternum. Posterior face of propodeum very shallowly depressed, almost flattened, mid-line with a very small and carinate sclerite at upper extremity, followed by a longitudinal fovea covering about one third of the length, and then a blunt and low longitudinal carina; dorsal faces of propodeum sloping mediolaterally and weakly convex, not meeting behind metanotum, clearly separated from posterior and lateral faces of propodeum but transitions completely rounded; lateral faces more or less flattened, except for shallow depression above valvula; dorsal and lateral carinae completely absent, ventral carina present and sharp but only for a short stretch above valvula. T 1 subsessile and slightly narrower than T 2, in dorsal view about 0.8 × as long as apically wide, sides subparallel and anteriorly smoothly passing into anterior curvature; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex, with an oblique anterior face and horizontal posterior face, transition between faces broadly rounded; horizontal face with a shallow longitudinal furrow for most of its length; posterior margin somewhat decolorate but not sharply distinct from rest of surface. S 1 with posterior crescent-shaped part smoothly passing into basal petiole. T 2 in dorsal view 1.1 × as long as apically wide, sides distinctly convex and apical margin slightly wider than basal margin; T 2 in lateral view weakly and evenly convex; apical margin clearly decolorate but not separated from rest of the surface. S 2 in lateral view much less convex than T 2, almost flattened and barely projecting from lateral margin of tergite; mid-line of S 2 with a shallow hint of a longitudinal ridge. T 3 – T 5 with decolorate apical margin as T 2, longer on T 5. Prestigma slightly shorter than half the length of pterostigma. Almost entirely impunctate, teguments variably shagreened and ranging from matte to strongly shiny. Clypeus sparsely micropunctate basally and bearing few sparse and shallow punctures apically. Area between upper lobes of eyes sparsely and shallowly punctate, vertex similarly punctate but with deeper punctures behind ocellocular space. Pronotum with very sparse punctures on dorsal faces. Mesoscutum with few hints of punctures anterolaterally. Scutellum and metanotum with extremely fine and sparse micropunctures, metanotum with few barely visible punctures anteriorly. Mesepisternum in dorsal part with few sparse punctures similar to those on pronotum, in ventral part with few extremely scattered shallower punctures. Propodeum with few shallow rounded punctures along borders of dorsal faces; median longitudinal carina with few short transverse ridges bordering it. T 1 with sparse oblique punctures along lateral margins. T 2 with fine oblique punctures in apical third, somewhat coarser in the middle. T 3 – T 5 punctate similarly to apical third of T 2, but punctures becoming progressively finer. T 6 with sparse micropunctures. S 1 with large shallow punctures in posterior half, interspaces shallowly raised and forming a reticulation. S 2 – S 5 similar to respective tergites but punctures much sparser and coarser. Head and mesosoma with vestiture mainly made by dense and very short yellowish-white setae, whiter and denser on clypeus, gena, sides of mesosoma and propodeum; metasoma with extremely short, dust-like pubescence, sternites with scattered oblique setae. Entirely bright red except for T 2 – T 6 and parts of the sternites, which are dark reddish-brown; following parts yellow: suffused spots at base of clypeus, interantennal space, small lateral spots on T 1, wide lateral bands running from T 2 to T 5 and narrowly curved inward at apex of each tergite, small spots on apical corners of S 2 – S 3. Wings hyaline with weak yellow tinge, weakly infuscate at apex. Male. Unknown.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central African Republic (Fig. 13 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45278D61FF79FE39B0461117.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is the Latin adjective “ mirificus, - a, - um ” (= marvelous), in reference to the beautiful appearance of this species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Kenya: Masongaleni, 3000 ft ” (NHMUK).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Brachyparmenes due to the short propodeal valvula and the T 1 not angled basally, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by densely punctate body, absence of propodeal carinae, and elongate and weakly convex T 1.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. KENYA: British East Africa, Masongaleni, 3000 ft., 29. III – 1. IV. 1911, leg. S. A. Neave, 1 ♀ (MSNVE, paratype).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FD01B153170F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kenya (Giordani Soika 1987) (Fig. 13 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Zanzibar, Chwaka ” (WBVI).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Zambia, Southern Province, 10 km E Zimba ” (OLML). Syn. nov.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Brachyparmenes due to the short propodeal valvula and the T 1 not angled basally, and shares the almost entirely smooth body, the presence of inferior carinae of the propodeum and the short and strongly convex T 1 with P. mirificus, from which it is differentiated by the following characters: clypeus longer than wide, tegula with outer margin evenly rounded and posterior lobe right-angled, parategula basally right-angled and with simple apex, T 2 – T 5 entirely black and without translucent apical area, S 2 more convex basally than apically and pattern black with dark-red markings.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE OF PAREUMENES MEDIATOR: ♀, labeled: “ HOLOTYPUS [red label] // ZAMBIA / SOUTHERN PROVINCE / 10 km E ZIMBA / 24. - 26.12.2002 / A. KUDRNA JR. LGT. // ♀ // Pareumenes / mediator nov. spec. ♀ / J. Gusenleitner, det. 2011 / Holotypus // Biologiezentrum Linz, / Austria (LI) / ex Coll. J. & M. Halada / Eingang 2006 ” (OLML). SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, 10 km SE of Alexandria, Nat. Res., 28 – 31. I. 2000, leg. J. Halada, 1 ♀ (OLML, paratype of P. mediator).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia (Gusenleitner 2002, 2012) (Fig. 13 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45218D61FF79FBF9B3631497.taxon	discussion	Notes. The holotype of Interzumia rufonigra was not available for examination, but comparison of its description (Gusenleitner 2002: 317) with the type series of Pareumenes mediator showed a perfect match in all characters (e. g., reduction to absence of sculpture, morphology of clypeus, propodeum, T 1 and S 1, pattern). For this reason, Pareumenes mediator is synonymized under Interzumia rufonigra, in the new combination of Pareumenes rufoniger.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45208D60FF79FAB1B1BE1434.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Odynerus intermedius de Saussure, 1852, by original designation.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45208D60FF79FAB1B1BE1434.taxon	discussion	Notes. Gusenleitner (2020) described the monotypic genus Afrorhynchium providing the impunctate dorsal side of the mesosoma and the longitudinally ridged S 2 as diagnostic characters, in addition to the characters of the species. These two characters considered as diagnostic of Afrorhynchium are in fact observed in other genera of Eumeninae, either combined or separately; in particular, all the species of the subgenus P. (Nortonia) show a variously developed ridge on S 2, and the species occurring in the Afrotropical region (including the Arabian Peninsula) are all characterized by the mostly impunctate mesosoma. Comparison of the description and some pictures of the holotype of Afrorhynchium dathei with several species of P. (Nortonia) did not allow finding any character supporting the recognition of Afrorhynchium as a distinct taxon, leading to its synonymy.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Palestina, Wadi el Kelt nahe Jericho ” (ETHZ).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Dhofar: 700 m., Ayun Pools ” (holotype female NHMUK). Junior subjective synonym of Nortonia enslini von Schulthess, 1931 according to Guichard 1986: 225.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Nortonia due to the propodeal valvula not markedly exceeding the apex of the propodeum and the bell-shaped, short and basally angled T 1, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body with distinct deep punctures on propodeum and metasoma, the short clypeus with apical margin as wide as interantennal space, the strongly convex and bulging vertex and gena, the absence of the pronotal carina, the weakly sinuate lateral carina of propodeum, the basally bulging S 2 with a longitudinal ridge reaching the middle of the surface, the red-brown pattern with variable yellow markings, and the longitudinally striate clypeus of female.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. OMAN: Dhofar, Ayun Pools, 700 m, 10. X. 1977, leg. K. Guichard, 1 ♀ (MSNVE, paratype of Pareumenes mimus); Dhofar, wadi Hanna, Baobab forest, Hasheer Agher vill., 315 – 350 m, 10. X. 2022, leg. J. Dalihod, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Dhofar, 5 km N Aydam, R 45, 820 m, 6. X. 2021, leg. M. Halada, 1 ♀ (CSE); Dhofar, 6 km NW Thalkut, 750 m, 30. IX. 2023, leg. M. Halada, 2 ♂ (CSE); south Dhofar, 90 km W Salalah, 880 m, 7. X. 2021, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1 ♂ (MSVI); south Dhofar, 90 km W Salalah, 900 m, 7. X. 2021, leg. M. Halada, 1 ♂ (CSE). PALESTINE: Wadi Kelt, 19 – 26. IV. 1934, leg. Enslin, 1 ♀ (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Egypt, Israel, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia (von Schulthess 1931; Giordani Soika 1938, 1952 a, 1970, 1981; Guichard 1986; Gusenleitner 1997) (Fig. 13 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45238D62FF79FAC1B10910C7.taxon	discussion	Notes. This species is found only at the edge of the Afrotropical region, being found in the southern areas of the Arabian Peninsula, while most of its range is found in the Palaearctic region. However, it is included in the present revision due to its clear affinities with the strictly Afrotropical species of the subgenus Nortonia, in particular P. mochii. The three species of P. (Nortonia) considered here differ from the strictly Palaearctic species of the subgenus in various characters, of which the most evident are the largely smooth and impunctate body, the pronotum lacking the dorsal carina, and the lateral carina of the propodeum only weakly sinuated or angled at the apex without forming a tooth. The specimen from Wadi Kelt was examined by Giordani Soika (1938) to describe the female sex of this species and is labelled as allotype. However, von Schulthess (1931) reported only a male in the original description, therefore the specimen described by Giordani Soika is not a true type. Pareumenes enslini shows a wide range of chromatic variability, ranging from entirely red-brown to widely yellow-marked. The yellow markings are usually observed on face (sometimes covering most of it), scape, T 2, T 3 and S 2, while markings on pronotum and T 1 are more rarely observed. The entirely red form is apparently the most widespread, being observed in an area covering Egypt, the Levant, and the Arabian Peninsula, while the extensively yellow-marked form appears limited to the southern areas of the Arabian Peninsula. These chromatic and geographic differences, combined with the presence of differences in the apical margin of the female clypeus and in sculpture of T 2, led to the description of the yellow-marked form as a distinct species, P. mimus Giordani Soika, 1981, later synonymized by Guichard (1986) due to the lack of morphological differences. The examination of various material confirms the synonymy proposed by Guichard, since specimens from the same areas of Oman present a wide variety of patterns, covering various intermediate forms between P. enslini and P. mimus. The differences in the apical margin of the clypeus, also used to distinguish P. enslini from P. mochii (Giordani Soika 1938), proved to be inconsistent given the variability of this character in the female.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Insel St. Thomé ” (ETHZ).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	materials_examined	— “ RSA, Kalahari, Augrabies, 630 m, 28 ° 30 ’ 33 ” S 19 ° 53 ’ 17 ” E ” (OLML). Syn. nov.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Nortonia due to the propodeal valvula not markedly exceeding the apex of the propodeum and the bell-shaped, short and basally angled T 1, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the elongate clypeus with apical margin wider than interantennal space, the vertex and gena not markedly convex, the absence of the pronotal carina, the weakly sinuate lateral carina of propodeum, the evenly convex S 2 and the black and dark red pattern.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. NAMIBIA: Khomas, Gmundner Lodge, 15. III. 2003, leg. M. & J. Schwarz, 1 ♀ (OLML); SÃO TOMÉ: Guinée, San Thomè, 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSNVE, MSVI).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Namibia, São Tomé, South Africa (von Schulthess 1903; Giordani Soika 1938, 1987; Gusenleitner 2012) (Fig. 13 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452D8D6CFF79FA92B724126B.taxon	discussion	Notes. The female specimen in MSNVE was examined by Giordani Soika (1987: 204) to describe the female sex of this taxon and is labeled as allotype, but in fact it does not belong to the type series. Comparison of pictures of the holotype of Afrorhynchium dathei with specimens of Pareumenes laevis, including the mentioned “ allotype ”, did not allow finding any character useful to recognize them as two distinct species. The holotype of Afrorhynchium dathei from South Africa differs from the specimens from São Tomé in having reduced red markings, small yellowish spots at sides of T 2 and coarser and denser punctures on mesepisternum. These characters are here regarded as simple intraspecific variability, probably related to the different climatic conditions, leading to the synonymy of Afrorhynchium dathei under Pareumenes laevis. This is further supported by the examination of a female specimen from Namibia, showing an even darker pattern than the holotype of A. dathei but having the sculpture of the mesepisternum intermediate between P. laevis from São Tomé and A. dathei.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Somalia italiana: Warden ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Nortonia due to the propodeal valvula not markedly exceeding the apex of the propodeum and the bell-shaped, short and basally angled T 1, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the short clypeus with apical margin narrower than interantennal space, the strongly convex and bulging vertex and gena, the absence of the pronotal carina, the weakly sinuate lateral carina of propodeum, the decolorate and reflexed apical margin of T 2, the basally bulging S 2 with a longitudinal ridge limited to the basal bulge, and the extensive yellow and bright red pattern on black background.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE OF PAREUMENES MOCHII: ♀ labeled “ Coll. A. Mochi / X. 35 / Warden / Somalia // leptogaster Walk. // Pareumenes / (Nortonia) / Mochii n. sp. / Giordani Soika det. 1939 // HOLOTYPUS / Pareumenes (Nortonia) / mochii n. sp. / A Giordani Soika [red label] ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452C8D6CFF79FA6DB1FA14DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Somalia (Giordani Soika 1938, 1973) (Fig. 13 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452F8D6EFF79FA06B05F1133.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452F8D6EFF79FA06B05F1133.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T 1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the thin and not flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the more elongate T 1 (2.3 – 2.6 × as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T 1, the strongly reflexed apical margin of T 2 forming a translucent lamella, and the white but barely silvery pubescence.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452F8D6EFF79FA06B05F1133.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE OF PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS ARABICUS: ♀ labeled “ HOLOTYPE [circular label with red border] // DHOFAR 700 m. / Ayun Pools / 10.10.1977 / K. Guichard // HOLO / PARATYPUS [PARA cancelled with pen] / P. sansibaricus / arabicus / A. Giordani Soika [red label] // B. M. TYPE / HYM / 18.1244 // [QR code] / NHMUK 015610164 ” (NHMUK). OMAN: Dhofar, 5 km N Aydam, R 45, 820 m, 6. X. 2021, leg. M. Halada, 1 ♂ (CSE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452F8D6EFF79FA06B05F1133.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Oman, Yemen? (Giordani Soika 1981; Guichard 1986; Gusenleitner 2013) (Fig. 13 H). Notes. Gusenleitner (2013) reports the species as occurring in Yemen but not in Oman, where it was recorded by Giordani Soika (1981) and Guichard (1986). Probably Gusenleitner meant Oman instead of Yemen, although the presence in Yemen is plausible. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of a pair of P. sansibaricus arabicus, including the female holotype, however revealed further differences from the nominotypical subspecies: apical emargination of clypeus narrower and deeper with acute lateral teeth, apical margin of T 2 reflexed and forming a yellowish translucent lamella, pubescence of head and mesosoma white but not metallic. Given the morphological and chromatic differences and the geographical isolation of P. sansibaricus arabicus in the Arabian Peninsula, this taxon is elevated to the species-rank.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Niger: Dosso ” (NHMUK).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T 1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the long, robust and flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the less elongate T 1 (2.05 × as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T 1, the weakly reflexed apical margin of T 2 forming a translucent lamella, and the silvery pubescence.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE OF PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS FLAVOPETIOLATUS: ♂ labeled “ NIGER / Dosso / 15. x. 76 // PAR / 1 // HOLOTYPUS / Pareumenes / sansibaricus / flavopetiolatus / A. Giordani Soika [red label] // [QR code] / NHMUK 015610162 ” (NHMUK).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Niger (Giordani Soika 1979) (Fig. 13 H).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452E8D69FF79F929B0601117.taxon	discussion	Notes. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Photographic examination of the holotype of P. sansibaricus flavopetiolatus however showed how this taxon presents a markedly shorter and stouter T 1 (about 2.05 × as long as apically wide) and a translucent apical margin of T 2. Given these morphological differences, the markedly different pattern and the geographical isolation of P. sansibaricus flavopetiolatus in West Africa, this taxon is elevated to species-rank.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Africa orientale: Iscia Baidoa ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T 1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the long, robust and flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the more elongate T 1 (2.3 – 2.6 × as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T 1, the strongly reflexed apical margin of T 2 forming a translucent lamella, and the strongly silvery pubescence.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LECTOTYPE OF PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS LAETEFASCIATUS: ♀ labeled “ Coll. A. Mochi / V. 35 / Iscia Baidoa / Somalia // HOLOTYPUS / Pareumenes / sansibaricus var / laetefasciatus n. v. / A Giordani Soika [red label] ” (MSNVE). ETHIOPIA: Africa Orientale Italiana, Sagan-Omo, Caschei, 8. VII. 1939, leg. E. Zavattari, 1 ♀ (MSNVE, paralectotype); 20 km SE of Konso, 860 m, 11 – 13. V. 2015, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1 ♀ (MSVI). KENYA: Malindi, Watamu, 6. XII. 1972, leg. A. Mochi, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Rift Valley, Samburu, Buffalo Springs, 15 – 18. VII. 1987, leg. H. R. Feijen, 1 ♂ (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ethiopia, Kenya *, Somalia (Giordani Soika 1944, 1952 b, 1973) (Fig. 13 H).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45298D68FF79F951B1DC173B.taxon	discussion	Notes. Giordani Soika labelled the two type specimens as holotype and paratype, however he (Giordani Soika 1944) described this taxon without selecting a holotype and later (Giordani Soika 1973: 36) designated the female from Iscia Baidoa as “ Lecto-olotipo ” (= lecto-holotype). They are therefore to be regarded as lectotype and paralectotype. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of several specimens of P. sansibaricus laetefasciatus, including the lectotype, however revealed further differences from the nominotypical subspecies: apical emargination of clypeus narrower and deeper with acute lateral teeth and apical margin of T 2 reflexed and forming a yellowish translucent lamella. Given these morphological differences, the richly marked pattern and the vicariant distribution (P. sansibaricus laetefasciatus in Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya, P. sansibaricus s. str. from Tanzania to the south), this taxon is elevated to the species-rank. For the two characters mentioned above, P. laetefasciatus is more similar to P. arabicus, from which it is however easily distinguished by the strongly metallic pubescence on head and mesosoma, and the wider and blunter lateral projections of propodeum.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.taxon	description	(Fig. 10)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Delagoa: Rikatla ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T 1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the wide and shallow apical emargination of clypeus, the entirely striate posterior depression of propodeum, the short, flattened and right-angled lateral projections of propodeum, the less elongate T 1 (2.05 – 2.15 × as long as apically wide) with a longitudinal furrow on the convex posterior part, and the pale brownish pubescence.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE OF PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS LATERORUFOFASCIATUS: ♀ labeled “ Rikatla / Delagoa / (Junod) // ♀ // E. Lepelletieri Schulthess / concinnus det. 1911 // HOLOTYPUS / Pareumenes / sansibaricus / v. laterorufofasciatus / n. v. A Giordani Soika [red label] ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mozambique (Giordani Soika 1944, 1973) (Fig. 13 H).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF45288D68FF79FBEDB6C514A5.taxon	discussion	Notes. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of the holotype of P. sansibaricus laterorufofasciatus however revealed several morphological characters that allow to consider P. laterorufofasciatus a distinct species: wider gena, entirely striate propodeal depression, T 1 more robust, longitudinally furrowed and without translucent apical margin, and pubescence of head and mesosoma brownish and less evident. These characters are shared with P. occidentalis, from which P. laterorufofasciatus is readily distinguished by the short and right-angled lateral projections of propodeum and the entirely red dorsal faces of propodeum.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.taxon	description	(Fig. 11)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Africa del sud-ovest: Hoarusib Otshu ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T 1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the narrow and deep apical emargination of clypeus, the entirely striate posterior depression of propodeum, the long, flattened and acute lateral projections of propodeum, the less elongate T 1 (2.05 – 2.15 × as long as apically wide) with a longitudinal furrow on the convex posterior part, and the pale brownish pubescence.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. LECTOTYPE OF PAREUMENES SANSIBARICUS OCCIDENTALIS: ♀ labeled “ Hoarusib Otshu / S. W. A. / Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1926. [last two lines on underside] // South African Museum, / Cape Town. No 104. // HOLOTYPUS / Pareumenes / sansibaricus / v. occidentalis v. n. / A Giordani Soika [red label] ” (MSNVE). NAMIBIA: S. W. A., Kaross, 1 ♂ (MSNVE, paralectotype). SOUTH AFRICA: Suid Afrika, Natal, Ndumu Game Reserve, 20 – 24. II. 1967, leg. D. Gillissen & L. Blommers, 1 ♀ (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Namibia, South Africa * (Giordani Soika 1944, 1973) (Fig. 13 H).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452B8D6AFF79FACEB77912DF.taxon	discussion	Notes. Giordani Soika labelled the two type specimens as holotype and paratype, however he (Giordani Soika 1944) described this taxon without selecting a holotype and later (Giordani Soika 1973: 36) designated the female from Hoarusib Otshu as “ Lecto-olotipo ” (= lecto-holotype) and the male from Kaross as “ Lecto-allotipo ” (= lectoallotype). They are therefore to be regarded as lectotype and paralectotype. The genitalia of the male paralectotype were already dissected by Giordani Soika, with the aedeagus missing (Fig. 13 E). Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of some specimens of P. sansibaricus occidentalis, including the type series, however revealed several morphological characters that allow to consider P. occidentalis a distinct species: wider gena, entirely striate propodeal depression, T 1 more robust, longitudinally furrowed and without translucent apical margin, and pubescence of head and mesosoma brownish and less evident. These characters are shared with P. laterorufofasciatus, from which P. occidentalis is readily distinguished by the long and acute lateral projections of propodeum and the dorsal faces of propodeum with large yellow markings.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Sansibar, Africae orientalis ” (ZSM).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	materials_examined	— “ Salisbury, Mashonaland ” (NHMUK). Junior subjective synonym of Eumenes sansibarica Schulz, 1905 according to Bequaert 1928: 171.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Placed in the subgenus Pareumenes due to the lateral carina of propodeum forming a sharp triangular lobe, the propodeal valvula forming a long lobe strongly exceeding the apex of the propodeum, and the elongate and petiolate T 1 with a basal angle, it is recognized from the other species of the subgenus by the mostly impunctate and velvety body, the wider and shallower apical emargination of clypeus, the largely smooth posterior depression of propodeum, the long, robust and flattened lobes of the lateral carina of propodeum, the more elongate T 1 (2.3 – 2.6 × as long as apically wide) with a deep pit near the posterior end, the decolorate and lamellar apical margin of T 1, the barely reflexed apical margin of T 2 not forming a distinct lamella, and the strongly silvery pubescence.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MOZAMBIQUE: Inhaca, Hotel, 12. II. 1978, leg. H. R. Feijen, 1 ♂ (MSNVE). NAMIBIA: Caprivi Strip, Lizauli, 7. I. 2015, leg. S. Prepsl, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Nagusib, I. 1923, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); Khomas, Gmundner Lodge, 15. III. 2003, leg. M. & J. Schwarz, 1 ♀ (OLML). SOUTH AFRICA: N. Transvaal, Elisras, 7. X. 1961, leg. H. N. Empey, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); N. Transvaal, Shilouvane, 3. X. 1899, leg. Junod, 1 ♀ (MSVI). ZAMBIA: N. E. Rhodesia, Luwingu to mouth of the Chambezi Riv., 8. X. 1908, leg. S. A. Neave, 1 ♀ (MSNVE). UNKNOWN: Afr. Centr., 1 ♀ (MSNVE); D. O. Afrika, leg. A. Böttcher, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); E. K. H., 20. X. 1943, 1 ♀ (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), Zambia, Zimbabwe (Schulz 1905; Meade-Waldo 1910; Bequaert 1928; Giordani Soika 1935, 1944, 1973; Selis 2018) (Fig. 13 H).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
645287DF452A8D75FF79F903B62B1183.taxon	discussion	Notes. Giordani Soika (1944, 1979, 1981) used a broad concept of Pareumenes sansibaricus and divided this species into six subspecies differentiated only by pattern. Examination of type specimens and additional material revealed in fact the presence of morphological differences that allow to recognize all the subspecies as distinct species. The differences are resumed under each taxon and in the identification key.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pareumenes de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Zootaxa 5584 (2): 205-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.3
