taxonID	type	description	language	source
A720748942D45A0F8C0F2BBCEE058F6D.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Mônico, Alexander Tamanini, Koch, Esteban Diego, Dayrell, Jussara Santos, Moravec, Jiří, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2025): An Amazonian hidden gem: a new metallic-colored species of Ranitomeya (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from Juruá River basin forests, Amazonas state, Brazil. ZooKeys 1236: 51-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1236.146533
A720748942D45A0F8C0F2BBCEE058F6D.taxon	description	Characterization. This new species of Ranitomeya is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal color jet black with three parallel stripes metallic light yellowish green to metallic light turquoise-green, mid-dorsal stripe extending from between eyes to slightly before the vent, dorsolateral stripes extending from the snout to the groin, where they become medium sulfur yellow; (2) venter jet black with metallic olive-yellow to metallic light yellowish green reticulations on belly, and gular region metallic light yellowish green to olive-yellow; ventrolateral stripes light yellowish green; extending from through the loreal region, to the thighs integrating into the ventral reticulate pattern, becoming medium sulfur yellow on the arms; (3) limbs medium metallic chrome orange with dark carmine spotting, presence of a conspicuous sulfur yellow spot on the dorsal surface of the thighs, forming an ‘ ocellus’ like pattern; (4) dorsal skin shagreen to granular, and smooth on head; (5) gular and ventral skin shagreen to granular; (6) limbs smooth to shagreen; (7) SVL in adult males of 15.4 – 17.7 mm (n = 8) and in females of 17.3 – 18.5 mm (n = 5); (8) sexual dimorphism, females with greater SVL, BW and KK; presence of vocal slits in males, located near jaw articulation; (9) head width 0.8 – 1.0 × body width; (10) head width 1.1 – 1.2 × larger than head length; (11) head width 31 – 34 % of SVL; (12) snout moderately long (SL 36 – 42 % of HL), rounded in dorsal view and rounded to protruding in lateral view; (13) canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region flat; (14) nostril directed frontolaterally at the angle of the snout, internarial distance 33 – 39 % of head width; (15) tympanum visible, tympanic membrane poorly differentiated, tympanum diameter 38 – 48 % of eye diameter; (16) tongue ovoid, attached anteriorly; (17) dentigerous processes of vomers absent; (18) choanae ovoid and small, located marginally in the maxilla; (19) hand 24 – 28 % of SVL, arm 25 – 30 % of SVL; (20) fingers III> IV> II> I, Finger I 58 – 68 % of Finger II, finger discs rounded on Finger I, and expanded and truncate on fingers III and IV; (21) thenar tubercle elliptical, palmar tubercle large and ovoid; (22) proximal subarticular tubercles ovoid, present in each finger; distal subarticular tubercle present only on Finger III; (23) knee-knee distance 80 – 84 % of SVL, femur 94 – 98 % of tibia; (24) toes IV> III> V> II> I, Toe I 48 – 64 % of Toe II, finger discs not expanded and rounded on Finger I to elliptical on toes III and IV and truncate on Finger V; (25) outer metatarsal tubercle ovoid, poorly visible; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical; (26) proximal subarticular tubercles ovoid on all toes, distal subarticular tubercles on toes III – V; (27) advertisement call with 21 – 45 notes and average call duration of 647 – 1,424 ms, note rate (28 – 36 notes / s) and dominant frequency of 4,996 – 6,288 Hz; and (28) tadpole head translucent in life, and posterior tooth rows P- 1> P- 2> P- 3.	en	Mônico, Alexander Tamanini, Koch, Esteban Diego, Dayrell, Jussara Santos, Moravec, Jiří, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2025): An Amazonian hidden gem: a new metallic-colored species of Ranitomeya (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from Juruá River basin forests, Amazonas state, Brazil. ZooKeys 1236: 51-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1236.146533
A720748942D45A0F8C0F2BBCEE058F6D.taxon	description	Holotype description. Adult male (INPA-H 47568, field number APL 24805, Figs 2 – 4). SVL 17.1 mm; head width slightly smaller than body width; head width larger than head length; head width 30 % of SVL (Fig. 2 A, B). Snout rounded in dorsal view and rounded to protruding in lateral view (Fig. 2 C). Nostril directed frontolaterally at the angle of the snout, 1.0 mm from the tip of the snout; internarial distance 2.0 mm, 35.6 % of head width. Canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region flat. Eye-nostril distance 1.5 mm, 74.0 % of horizontal eye diameter. Tympanic annulus and tympanic membrane present. Tympanum slightly ovoid, posterodorsal margin hidden by depressor muscle, tympanum 44.4 % of eye diameter. Tongue ovoid, attached anteriorly, longer than wide, median lingual process absent. Dentigerous processes of vomers absent. Choanae ovoid and small (0.4 mm), located marginally in the maxilla, not visible in ventral view. Paired vocal slits present, located near jaw articulation. Forelimbs slender, hands relatively large, 25.9 % of SVL. Finger I shorter (66.9 %) than Finger II; Finger III> IV> II> I. Discs on fingers III and IV considerably expanded and truncate, disc of Finger II moderately expanded and elliptical, disc of Finger I rounded. Ulnar tubercles absent. Hands lacking lateral fringes and webbing. Palmar tubercle rounded, unpigmented, ~ 4 × larger than the subarticulars. Thenar tubercle elliptical, small. Large unpigmented, rounded, proximal subarticular tubercles present on base of each finger. Rounded distal subarticular tubercle visible only on Finger III (Fig. 2 D). Length of legs moderate, femur slightly smaller than tibia, with 93.7 % of the tibia length; knee-knee distance 80 % of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV> III> V> II> I. First toe short, Toe I disc not expanded and rounded, Toe II with slightly expanded and rounded disc, toes III – V with moderately expanded discs, III and IV elliptical, and V truncated. Tarsal tubercle absent; feet lacking webbing; lateral fringes poorly developed. Outer metatarsal tubercle ovoid, unpigmented, poorly visible. Inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, unpigmented. Proximal subarticular tubercles present at base of each toe, large and ellipticals on toes I and II, small and rounded on toes III – V, all unpigmented. Distal subarticular tubercles large on toes III and V, and poorly distinguished on Toe IV. Two medial subarticular tubercles diffused on Toe IV (Fig. 2 E). Holotype measurements summarized in Table 2. Skin texture nearly smooth to shagreen on head, becoming weakly granular on the dorsum and limbs. Ventral surface of limbs smooth to shagreen. Gular region and venter shagreen. Arms smooth to shagreen. In life, dorsal surface jet black (color 300 by Köhler 2012) with three parallel metallic pale yellowish green stripes (color 100 by Köhler 2012) (Figs 3 B, 4 A), middorsal stripe extends from between the eyes to slightly before the vent. Dorsolateral stripes extend from the snout, where they merge, to the groin. Slightly before the groin, the dorsolateral stripes become metallic light sulfur yellow (color 93 by Köhler 2012), and merge with a medium sulfur yellow (color 94 by Köhler 2012) spot on the dorsal surface of the thigh. Ventrolateral stripes metallic light yellowish green (color 100 by Köhler 2012), extending through the loreal region, without touching the upper labium, to the thighs and integrating into the ventral reticulate pattern; its color leaks slightly on the arms, becoming medium sulfur yellow (color 94 by Köhler 2012) and integrating into the arms reticulate pattern. On the side of the head, the stripe does not reach the nostril, eye, and tympanum. Venter jet black (color 300 by Köhler 2012) with metallic olive-yellow (color 117 by Köhler 2012) to metallic light yellowish green (color 100 by Köhler 2012) reticulations on belly. Gular region fully metallic light yellowish green (color 100 by Köhler 2012; Fig. 3 B). Both forelimbs and hindlimbs medium metallic chrome orange (color 75 by Köhler 2012) with dark carmine spots (color 61 by Köhler 2012) in the ventral surface of the thighs proximal to the body. Iris jet black (color 300 by Köhler 2012). After four months in alcohol, general color pattern remained, but colors faded (Fig. 2 A, B). Stripes and limb reticulations become pale cyan (color 157 by Köhler) and ventral surfaces cyan-white (color 156 by Köhler). Forelimb and hindlimb spots become raw umber (color 280 by Köhler 2012).	en	Mônico, Alexander Tamanini, Koch, Esteban Diego, Dayrell, Jussara Santos, Moravec, Jiří, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2025): An Amazonian hidden gem: a new metallic-colored species of Ranitomeya (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from Juruá River basin forests, Amazonas state, Brazil. ZooKeys 1236: 51-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1236.146533
A720748942D45A0F8C0F2BBCEE058F6D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ aquamarina ’ is a Latin adjective that means “ pale blue-green ”, referring to the coloration of the dorsal-lateral stripes of the new species. Another aspect that led us to use this epithet was the metallic blue and greenish tones of the stripes, which resemble seawater. Additionally, aquamarine is a gemstone, which philosophically conveys the value of this discovery.	en	Mônico, Alexander Tamanini, Koch, Esteban Diego, Dayrell, Jussara Santos, Moravec, Jiří, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2025): An Amazonian hidden gem: a new metallic-colored species of Ranitomeya (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from Juruá River basin forests, Amazonas state, Brazil. ZooKeys 1236: 51-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1236.146533
A720748942D45A0F8C0F2BBCEE058F6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, natural history, and conservation. Ranitomeya aquamarina sp. nov. is only known from its type locality, in preserved forests on the Eiru River, a tributary of the Juruá River, near the Comunidade de Santo Antônio, municipality of Eirunepé, state of Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 9). We sampled four RAPELD modules in the region, and the new species has only been recorded at one site. We did not find the new species living in sympatry with any other species of the genus. However, other Dendrobatoidea occur at the site: Allobates femoralis, Allobates sp. undescribed (A. P. Lima, unpublished data), Ameerega hahneli and A. trivittata. Ranitomeya aquamarina sp. nov. is diurnal, showing greater activity in the early morning and late afternoon. On rainy days, activity lasts throughout the day. Most individuals were observed in clusters of ‘ banananeira brava ’ (Phenakospermum guyannense, Strelitziacaea; Fig. 10 A), but the species was also found in a phytotelma in the forest understory, ~ 3 m above the ground (Fig. 10 B). Individuals climb vertically through vegetation (Fig. 10 C) and are very agile. Eggs are deposited in water accumulated in cavities in the vegetation. We found eggs (Fig. 10 D) and tadpoles in the ‘ banananeira brava ’ axils and in small holes in trees (Fig. 10 B). The eggs are small and brown, wrapped in a thick transparent gelatinous layer. Furthermore, we found tadpoles at different stages of development and metamorphizing in the same area, which suggests that reproduction is prolonged, probably occurring during the entire rain season. Juveniles (n = 5; not collected) and adults (n = 8) were seen foraging among the dry leaves of the same plants. In juveniles, dorsolateral stripes are uniformly yellow and are not fully formed (Fig. 10 E). Males perform calling perched on vegetation (Fig. 10 F). They start calling at dawn (~ 6 am) and remain active until ~ 9 am, with a peak between 7 am and 8 am. After that, their activity remains sporadic until ~ 11 am. They call again in the late afternoon, but with a lower intensity. Most of the time, we observed adults as couples (n = 8; Fig. 10 G, H), which strongly suggests that the species is monogamous. Males appear to be territorial, responding to and approaching the playback. Additionally, when we captured the females, the respective males called incessantly. The new species was found in only one of the four sampling sites (5 km RAPELD trails) and appears to be strongly associated with ‘ bananeira brava ’ plants. Therefore, this species is not expected to be abundant nor homogeneously distributed throughout its range. Its known extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are restricted, suggesting that its conservation status deserves attention. Nevertheless, we currently do not have enough information to assign Ranitomeya aquamarina sp. nov. to any IUCN category, and here we classify it as Data Deficient (DD).	en	Mônico, Alexander Tamanini, Koch, Esteban Diego, Dayrell, Jussara Santos, Moravec, Jiří, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2025): An Amazonian hidden gem: a new metallic-colored species of Ranitomeya (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from Juruá River basin forests, Amazonas state, Brazil. ZooKeys 1236: 51-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1236.146533
