identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
45A4B1FFFE0B5AD4BA51E716E19E5952.text	45A4B1FFFE0B5AD4BA51E716E19E5952.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euathlus Ausserer 1875	<div><p>3.3. 1. Genus Euathlus Ausserer, 1875</p><p>Amended diagnosis.</p><p>Modified from Allegue and Ferretti 2025). Differs from all Theraphosinae genera by the presence of type IV urticating setae in combination with males having a palpal organ morphology with two prolateral keels (PI and PS) and the tip directed retrolaterally. Most species have an apical keel. The tibial apophyses of leg I vary by one branch or two branches, both branches equal size, subequal or different sizes. All representatives of the genus have two long and thin spines retrolaterally to the tibial apophyses. Females differ by the presence of two spermathecal receptacles with a lateral spheroid chamber and only one patch of urticating setae.</p><p>Species included.</p><p>Euathlus affinis (Nicolet, 1849), Euathlus ameghinoi, Euathlus antai, Euathlus atacama, Euathlus condorito, Euathlus diamante, Euathlus grismadoi, Euathlus manicatus, Euathlus mauryi, Euathlus pampa, Euathlus parvulus, Euathlus sagei, Euathlus tenebrarum, Euathlus truculentus, Euathlus vanessae, Euathlus ventus, Euathlus walteri, Euathlus basalticus sp. nov., Euathlus kupal sp. nov., Euathlus susanae sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45A4B1FFFE0B5AD4BA51E716E19E5952	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Allegue, Maite;Peralta-Seen, Nicolás;Ferretti, Nelson	Allegue, Maite, Peralta-Seen, Nicolás, Ferretti, Nelson (2025): Integrative systematics of the tarantulas Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 from Argentina: cladistics, molecular phylogeny and new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 713-736, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e171040
D8F28DADC0065064BA8575B8757682EF.text	D8F28DADC0065064BA8575B8757682EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euathlus basalticus Allegue & Peralta-Seen & Ferretti 2025	<div><p>3.3. 2. Euathlus basalticus sp. nov. Allegue and Ferretti</p><p>Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, Tables 1, 2</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ARGENTINA • 1 ♂; Neuquén, Ñorquín Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0449&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.9297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0449/lat -37.9297)">Caviahue</a>; 37.9297°S 71.0449°W; 13 Nov. 2023; Allegue, Bambozzi, Nicoletta, Panchuk and Schwerdt leg.; UNS M 1122 . Paratype: ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; Neuquén, Ñorquín Department, Caviahue, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.8992&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.8193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.8992/lat -37.8193)">near Salto del Agrio waterfall</a>; 37.8193°S, 70.8992°W; 12 Nov. 2023; Allegue, Bambozzi, Nicoletta, Panchuk and Schwerdt leg.; UNS M 1492 .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; Neuquén, Ñorquín Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.1167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.7964" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.1167/lat -37.7964)">Copahue</a>; 37.7964°S 71.1167°W; 25 Mar. 2009; R. Sage leg.; MACN -Ar 32688 . • 1 ♀; Neuquén, Caviahue; Feb. 1968; E. Maury leg.; MACN -Ar 38155 . • 1 ♀; Neuquén, Ñorquín Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0987&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.8189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0987/lat -37.8189)">near Copahue</a>; 37.8189°S 71.0987°W; 3 Feb. 2001; G. Cheli leg.; CNP-CE 1508 . • 1 ♂; Neuquén, Ñorquín Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0116/lat -37.85)">near Caviahue</a>; 37.8500°S 71.0116°W; 1658 m a. s. l.; 6 Jan. 2017; D. Ferraro leg.; MACN -Ar 37941 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Euathlus basalticus sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known congeners by a unique combination of characters in males: a dark tibial apophysis with two robust branches, the PB shorter than the RB and bearing a strong internal basal spine, while the RB has a prominent internal subapical spine (Fig. 4 C – E), palpal organ piriform (Fig. 5) embolus arises gradually from the tegulum, without a distinct junction, presence of 1–2 small teeth at the tip of the prolateral inferior keel. Females can be distinguished from congeners (except from E. condorito) by having two wide seminal receptacles, rounded at the upper margin. Each receptacle bears a large semi-spheroid lateral chamber connected by a constricted duct and projecting from the lower outer margin. In addition, females differ from those of E. condorito in the orientation of the lateral chamber, which has its longest axis parallel to the lateral margin of the seminal receptacle (Fig. 6 D – F).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The female MACN -Ar 32688 listed above in other material of Euathlus basalticus sp. nov. had previously been designated as the paratype of Euathlus tenebrarum by Ferretti (2015). However, based on morphological examination, we found that this female is not conspecific with the male of E. tenebrarum . Our assignment to E. basalticus sp. nov. is based on diagnostic morphological differences observed in female specimens from the MACN collection, collected in localities near the type locality of E. tenebrarum . Moreover, the type locality of E. tenebrarum, Lago Curruhué Chico, is about 237 km distant from Copahue, where specimen MACN -Ar 32688 was collected.</p><p>Description male.</p><p>Male holotype (UNS M 1122). — Coloration (in alcohol): Carapace brown, abdomen dark brown, lighter lines on dorsal femur, patellae and tibiae of palps and legs I – IV, maxillae and labium yellow, dark yellow sternum (Fig. 4 A, B). — Coloration (in life): Legs I – IV and palps with light longitudinal lines on the dorsal surface of femora, patellae, and tibiae. Legs covered with long yellowish hairs (Fig. 7 D). Whitish setae present on the margins of the cephalothorax and the proximal area of the chelicerae. Abdomen with reddish hairs anteriorly and yellowish hairs posteriorly. Spinnerets covered with orange hairs. Total length 18.07. — Prosoma: Carapace length 9.08, width 8.95. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior one recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.39, PME 0.24, PLE 0.25, AME - AME 0.30, AME - ALE 0.11, PME - PME 0.52, PME - PLE 0.07, ALE - PLE 0.22, OQ length 0.88, width 1.26. Clypeus 0.12. Fovea transverse, short, deep, slightly procurved, width 0.89. Labium length 1.12, width 1.56, with 65 cuspules. Maxillae (right / left) with 118 / 120 cuspules. Sternum length 4.44, width 3.58 (Fig. 4 B). Chelicerae with 7 large teeth on promargin of furrow and 10 small teeth on the proximal area of retromargin. — Appendages: Tarsi I – IV densely scopulate with scopula entire, undivided. Metatarsi I 2 / 3 scopulated, II 1 / 2 scopulated, III 1 / 3 scopulated, IV 1 / 4 apically scopulated. Leg and palpal segments lengths in Table 1. Spination: Patellae of legs II – IV, femur of legs I and IV, tarsi of palps and legs I – IV, 0. Femora: palp 0-0 - 0 - 1 P; II 0-0 - 1 - 2 P; III 0-0 - 0 - 1 P, 0-1 - 1 - 1 R. Patellae: palp 0-0 - 1 - 0 P; I 0-0 - 0 - 1 V. Tibiae: palp 2-2 - 0 - 0 V, 0-1 - 0 - 0 P; I 2-0 - 2 - 0 V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-0 - 0 - 0 R; II 2-2 - 0 - 4 (ap) V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-1 - 0 - 0 R; III 1-1 - 0 - 4 (ap) V, 1-2 - 1 - 0 P, 1-2 - 1 - 0 R; IV 2-3 - 1 - 4 (ap) V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 0-2 - 1 - 0 R. Metatarsi: I 1-0 - 0 - 1 V; II 1-1 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; III 2-1 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 1-0 - 1 - 1 P, 1-1 - 0 - 1 R; IV 2-0 - 2 - 3 (ap) V, 1-0 - 1 - 1 P, 0-2 - 1 - 1 R. Metatarsus I straight. Tibial apophysis of leg I dark with two short branches, RB slightly longer than prolateral, both well-developed and originating from a common base, PB with a basal internal short strong spine, RB with a subapical internal short strong spine (Fig. 4 C – E). Metatarsus I rests retrolaterally on the tibial apophysis when flexed. — Opisthosoma: Abdominal urticating setae patch large, reniform and central, with only type III urticating setae. Four spinnerets, PMS 0.7 long and PLS three segmented, basal segment 0.9 long, medial segment 0.8 long, and apical segment 1.2 long. — Genital organs: Palpal organ piriform, with a relatively broad embolus that tapers distally. The embolus is long and curved retrolaterally. Prolateral keels are unequally developed, with PI more developed than PS. The PI bears one or two well-developed teeth, located distally on the embolus but not entirely at the apex. An apical keel is also present (Fig. 5).</p><p>Description female.</p><p>Female paratype (UNS M 1492). — Coloration (in alcohol): carapace brown, margins of carapace yellow, yellowish lines on dorsal femur, patellae and tibiae of palps and legs I – IV, abdomen dark brown (Fig. 6 A). — Coloration (in life): hole body reddish. Legs I – IV and palps exhibit distinct light longitudinal lines on the dorsal surfaces of the femora, patellae, and tibiae. Legs and abdomen are densely covered with long yellowish hairs. Margins of carapace, the base of the legs, and the proximal area of the chelicerae are light brown. Patch of urticating setae yellow (Fig. 7 C). Total length 15.60. — Prosoma: Carapace length 6.52, width 6.18. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior one recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.34, PME 0.19, PLE 0.25, AME - AME 0.28, AME - ALE 0.11, PME - PME 0.47, PME - PLE 0.07, ALE - PLE 0.12, OQ length 0.96, width 1.14. Clypeus 0.12. Fovea transverse, short, deep, slightly procurved, width 0.41. Labium length 0.91, width 1.31 with 52 cuspules. Maxillae (right / left) with 107 / 103 cuspules. Sternum length 3.37, width 3.24 (Fig. 6 B). Chelicerae with 9 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 3 small teeth on the proximal area of retromargin. — Appendages: Tarsi I – IV densely scopulate, undivided. Metatarsi I 3 / 4 scopulated, II 1 / 2 scopulated, III 1 / 3 scopulated, IV 1 / 4 apically scopulated. Legs and palpal segments length in Table 2. Spination: Femora of legs I – IV, patellae and tarsi of palp and legs I – IV, 0. Femora: palp 0-0 - 0 - 1 P. Tibiae: palp 1-1 - 1 - 3 (ap) V; I 0-1 - 0 - 0 V, 0-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) P; II 0-0 - 0 - 3 (ap) V; III 0-2 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 0-1 - 1 - 0 P, 0-0 - 1 - 0 R; IV 0-1 - 0 - 2 (ap) V, 0-1 - 1 - 1 P, 0-2 - 0 - 1 R. Metatarsi: I 0-1 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; II 0-1 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; III 2-2 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 1-1 - 0 - 1 P, 0-1 - 0 - 0 R; IV 1-2 - 1 - 4 (ap) V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-2 - 1 - 1 R. — Opisthosoma: Abdominal urticating setae patch large, reniform and central, with types III and IV present. Four spinnerets, PMS 0.74 long and PLS three segmented, basal segment 1.07 long, medial segment 0.62 long, and apical segment 0.82 long. — Genital organs: Spermatheca with two wide seminal receptacles with rounded shape facing upwards, each with a semi spheroid chamber pointing laterally, connected with a constricted duct, projecting from the lower outer margin of each receptacle (Fig. 6 D).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name “ basalticus ” is a Latin adjective in the nominative singular. It refers to the strong association of this species with basaltic substrates, as specimens were exclusively found in areas dominated by basaltic rock formations. The name is derived from the Latin “ basaltes ” with the suffix “ - icus, ” meaning “ belonging or pertaining to. ”</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>These spiders are found in rocky formations (Fig. 7). These spiders inhabit rocky outcrops composed of andesitic and basaltic-andesitic lavas typical of the Caviahue – Copahue volcanic complex. They occur at elevations exceeding 1 600 m a. s. l., reaching near the summit of Copahue volcano at nearly 3 000 m a. s. l. (Varekamp et al. 2016). The lower montane zone shows the highest plant diversity due to abundant precipitation and moderate thermal conditions, with climax vegetation corresponding to Nothofagus forests and thickets mixed with the conifer Araucaria araucana (Mol.) Koch., which has its northernmost distributional limit in Argentina within this park. Key bioindicator species of the shrub-grass steppe ecotone include Festuca scabriuscula Philippi, Berberis empetrifolia Lamarck, and Ephedra frustillata Miers, creating the complex Andean-Patagonian ecosystem (Gandullo et al. 2004). Andesite and basaltic andesite are the predominant rock types of this basin (Cabrera et al. 2020) (Fig. 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8F28DADC0065064BA8575B8757682EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Allegue, Maite;Peralta-Seen, Nicolás;Ferretti, Nelson	Allegue, Maite, Peralta-Seen, Nicolás, Ferretti, Nelson (2025): Integrative systematics of the tarantulas Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 from Argentina: cladistics, molecular phylogeny and new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 713-736, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e171040
619A386ACC845524B480847CC3038C64.text	619A386ACC845524B480847CC3038C64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euathlus kupal Allegue & Peralta-Seen & Ferretti 2025	<div><p>3.3. 3. Euathlus kupal sp. nov. Allegue and Ferretti</p><p>Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 18, Tables 3, 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ARGENTINA • 1 ♂; Mendoza, Malargüe Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.7832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.883/lat -36.7832)">Calmucó</a>; 36.7832°S 69.8830°W; Apr. 1996; A. Giudicci leg.; MACN -Ar 46352 . Paratype: ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; Mendoza, Malargüe Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.5858&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.2773" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.5858/lat -36.2773)">Salinillas</a>; 36.2773°S 68.5858°W; 29 Jan. 1979; A. Roig leg.; MACN -Ar 46354 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Euathlus kupal sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known congeners by a unique combination of characters in males: tibial apophysis with two robust branches, the PB shorter than the RB and both bearing strong internal spines (Fig. 9), palpal organ slender with a long embolus with multiple small teeth along the curvature of the embolus: six well-defined teeth of varying sizes and three to four smaller teeth (Fig. 10). Females are diagnosed from all known species by the shape of the spermathecae, consisting of two low seminal receptacles with small mounds along the upper margin, each bearing a large semi-spheroid lateral chamber oriented downward, connected by a wide duct (Fig. 11 D, E).</p><p>Description male.</p><p>Male holotype (MACN -Ar 46352). — Coloration (in alcohol): Carapace reddish with long whitish setae on margins, legs light brown / orange, abdomen brown with long yellowish setae, booklung openings yellowish (Fig. 8 A – E). Total length 23.22. — Prosoma: Carapace length 12.32, width 11.47. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior one recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.48, PME 0.28, PLE 0.43, AME - AME 0.40, AME - ALE 0.19, PME - PME 0.74, PME - PLE 0.11, ALE - PLE 0.19, OQ length 1.33, width 1.68. Clypeus 0.16. Fovea transverse, deep, slightly recurved, width 1.30. Labium length 1.65, width 1.80, with 116 cuspules. Maxillae (right / left) with 110 / 120 cuspules. Sternum length 5.14, width 4.35 (Fig. 8 B). Chelicerae with 7 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 4 small teeth on the proximal area of retromargin. — Appendages: Tarsi I – IV densely scopulated, undivided. Metatarsi I fully scopulated, II 2 / 3 scopulated, III 1 / 2 scopulated, IV 1 / 4 apically scopulated. Leg and palpal segments lengths in Table 3. Spination: Patellae of palp and legs III and IV, tarsi of palp and legs I – IV, 0. Femora: palp 0-0 - 0 - 1 P; I 0-0 - 0 - 1 P; II 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 0-1 - 0 - 0 R; III 1-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-0 - 0 - 0 D; IV 0-1 - 0 - 0 P. Patellae: I 0-0 - 0 - 1 V. Tibiae: palp 1-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-0 - 0 - 0 R; I 2-2 - 0 - 2 (ap) V, 2-1 - 0 - 0 P, 2-1 - 0 - 0 R; II 3-3 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 1-1 - 1 - 0 P; III 2-1 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 2-2 - 1 - 0 P, 1-2 - 1 - 0 R; IV 2-1 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 1-2 - 1 - 0 P, 0-2 - 1 - 0 R. Metatarsi: I 1-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; II 1-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; III 3-2 - 0 - 2 (ap) V, 1-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-1 - 1 - 1 R; IV 3-2 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 1-1 - 0 - 1 P, 2-2 - 1 - 1 R. Metatarsus I straight. Tibial apophysis of legs I consists in two short well-developed black branches originating from a common base. Retrolateral branch slightly longer than prolateral, PB with a basal internal short strong spine, RB with a subapical internal short strong spine (Fig. 9). Metatarsus I rests retrolaterally on the tibial apophysis when flexed. — Opisthosoma: Abdomen dorsally with a rectangular patch of urticating setae with types III and IV. Four spinnerets, PMS 1.15 long and PLS three segmented, basal segment 1.56 long, medial segment 0.86 long, and apical segment 1.01 long. — Genital organs: Palpal organ piriform, elongated, with a relatively slender tegulum. Embolus long and slightly slender, starting to curve proximally to the tegulum in a retrolateral direction. Prolateral keels unequal, PS flat and weakly developed, PI well developed, bearing six well-defined teeth of varying sizes and three to four smaller teeth along the curvature of the embolus (Fig. 10).</p><p>Description female.</p><p>Female paratype (MACN -Ar 46354). — Coloration (in alcohol): Carapace and legs light brown / orange, abdomen brown (Fig. 11 A). Total length 18.92. — Prosoma: Carapace length 8.87, width 7.91. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior one recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.44, PME 0.23, PLE 0.36, AME - AME 0.32, AME - ALE 0.18, PME - PME 0.59, PME - PLE 0.08, ALE - PLE 0.15, OQ length 0.83, width 1.46. Clypeus 0.20. Fovea transverse, short, slightly recurved, width 0.86. Labium length 1.21, width 1.43, with 53 cuspules. Maxillae (right / left) with 82 / 76 cuspules. Sternum length 4.16, width 3.66 (Fig. 11 B). Chelicerae with 7 large teeth on promargin of furrow and 4 small teeth on the proximal area of retromargin. — Appendages: Tarsi I-IV densely scopulated, undivided. Metatarsi I 2 / 3 scopulated, II 1 / 2 scopulated, III 1 / 3 scopulated, IV 1 / 4 apically scopulated. Leg and palpal segments lengths in Table 4. Spination: Femur of leg IV, patellae and tarsi of palp and legs I – IV, 0. Femora: palp 0-0 - 0 - 1 P; I 0-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) P, II 0-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) P, 0-0 - 0 - 1 R. Tibiae: palp 1-2 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 0-0 - 0 - 1 R; I 0-1 - 0 - 0 V, 0-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) P; II 0-1 - 0 - 1 (ap) V, 0-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) P; III 0-2 - 0 - 2 (ap) V, 0-1 - 1 - 0 P, 1-0 - 1 - 0 R, IV 0-2 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 0-0 - 1 - 0 P, 1-0 - 1 - 0 R. Metatarsi: I 0-1 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; II 0-1 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; III 2-2 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 1-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-1 - 0 - 1 R; IV 2-2 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-2 - 1 - 1 R. — Opisthosoma: Abdomen with large oval urticating setae patch with types III and IV. Four spinnerets, PMS 0.68 long and PLS three segmented, basal segment 1.63 long, medial segment 0.95 long, and apical segment 1.11 long. — Genital organs: Spermatheca with two low seminal receptacles with mounds on its upper margin, each with a large semi-spheroid lateral chamber oriented downward, connected with a wide duct without noticeable constriction (Fig. 11 D, E).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name “ kupal ” is a noun in the nominative singular, used in apposition to the generic name. It is derived from the Mapuche language, where it means ‘ family’ or ‘ lineage. ’ This term honors the author’s family and also serves as a recognition of the Mapuche people who historically inhabited the region where this species was discovered.</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>The region where this species inhabit is characterized by arid and cold conditions, with large daily and annual temperature ranges and scarce precipitation with a mean annual precipitation of about 360 mm. The average annual temperature is 12 ° C. Winters are cold, with average temperatures around 5 ° C, while summers are mild, averaging 20 ° C (Tello et al. 2021). This area comprises an overlap of three floristic districts: Monte Occidental, Patagonian Steppe, and the High Andean region. This ecotone condition, combined with the great variety of topographies and substrates present, represents a relevant feature from a botanical point of view. It is possible to find a wide variety of flora, including marginal elements from the aforementioned floristic districts and a significant number of endemic species, such as Sporobolus mendocinus Méndez and Adesmia glandulifolia Steibel and Ulibarri (Prina et al. 2003) (Fig. 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/619A386ACC845524B480847CC3038C64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Allegue, Maite;Peralta-Seen, Nicolás;Ferretti, Nelson	Allegue, Maite, Peralta-Seen, Nicolás, Ferretti, Nelson (2025): Integrative systematics of the tarantulas Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 from Argentina: cladistics, molecular phylogeny and new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 713-736, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e171040
76F07C38F6175A4282C30D602CED2CE9.text	76F07C38F6175A4282C30D602CED2CE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euathlus susanae Allegue & Peralta-Seen & Ferretti 2025	<div><p>3.3. 4. Euathlus susanae sp. nov. Peralta-Seen, Allegue and Ferretti</p><p>Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, Tables 5, 6</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ARGENTINA • 1 ♂; La Pampa, Chical Co Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.2816&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.0569" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.2816/lat -36.0569)">Reserva Provincial Cerro Negro</a>; 36.0569°S 68.2816°W; 1141 m a. s. l.; 21 Oct. 2022; G. San Blas, F. Diez and N. Peralta-Seen leg.; UNS M 1078 . Paratype: ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; La Pampa, Chical Co Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.0566" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.283/lat -36.0566)">Reserva Provincial Cerro Negro</a>; 36.0566°S 68.2830°W; 1166 m a. s. l.; 20 Oct. 2022; N. Peralta-Seen leg.; UNS M 1396 .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>ARGENTINA • 1 ♂; La Pampa, Chical Co Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.2831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.0574" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.2831/lat -36.0574)">Reserva Provincial Cerro Negro</a>; 36.0574°S 68.2831°W; 1165 m a. s. l.; 21 Oct. 2022; G. San Blas, F. Diez and N. Peralta-Seen leg.; UNS M 1068 . • 2 ♀♀; Mendoza, Malargüe Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.2974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.1538" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.2974/lat -36.1538)">Agua Escondida</a>; 36.1538°S 68.2974°W; 20–22 Oct. 2022; N. Peralta-Seen leg.; UNS M 1493, M 1509 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Euathlus susanae sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known congeners by the following combination of characters: tibial apophysis with two robust branches, the PB shorter than the RB and both bearing strong internal spines, males with a palpal organ similar in general morphology to that of E. condorito, but it can be distinguished by a more developed prolateral inferior keel (PI) with stronger and distally serrated teeth (Figs 12 D, 13). Females are diagnosed from congeners by their spermathecae, which consist of two wide seminal receptacles projecting straight upward, each with pronounced inner lobes and two large semi-spheroid lateral chambers pointing upwards (Fig. 14 D, E).</p><p>Description male.</p><p>Male holotype (UNS M 1078). — Coloration (in alcohol): carapace dark brown with small grey and black setae and long golden setae more abundant on the margins and on dorsal chelicerae (Fig. 12 A); legs brownish; abdomen with black setae and long orange setae and a large patch of orange setae on the anterior-dorsal face; sternum, coxa, and trochanter reddish (Fig. 12 B, C). — Coloration (in life): Orange hairs on legs, margins of carapace, chelicerae, and proximal abdomen. Ventral body with dark brown / black coloration (Fig. 15 D, E). Total length 28.97. — Prosoma: Carapace length 12.32, width 11.32. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior one recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.31, ALE, 0.59, PME 0.34, PLE 0.56, AME - AME 0.31, AME - ALE 0.19, PME - PME 0.75, PME - PLE 0.13, ALE - PLE 0.19, OQ length 1.41, width 1.75, clypeus 0.31. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.33. Labium length 1.56, width 2.06, with 76 cuspules. Maxillae (right / left) 144 / 151 cuspules. Sternum length 6.11, width 5.55 (Fig. 12 B). Right chelicerae with 7 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 9 small teeth on the proximal area of furrow, left chelicerae with 7 well-developed teeth and 1 small located distally on the promargin of furrow and 9 small teeth on the proximal area of furrow. — Appendages: Tarsi I – IV densely scopulated, undivided. Metatarsi I fully scopulated, II 1 / 2 scopulated, III 1 / 3, IV 1 / 4 apically scopulated. Leg and palpal segments lengths in Table 5. Spination: Femora and patellae of palps and legs I – IV, tarsi of palp and legs I – IV, 0. Femora: II 1-3 - 1 P, III 1-1 - 1 - 1 P. Tibiae: palp 2-2 V, 1-2 P; I 2-1 - 1 V, 1-1 P; II 3-2 - 3 V, 1-1 P; III 2-2 - 3 V, 1-1 P, 1-1 R; IV 2-2 - 2 V, 1-1 P, 1 R. Metatarsi: I 1-1 V; II 1 V; III 1-1 - 2 V, 1-1 - 1 P, 1-1 - 1 R; IV 1-1 - 1 V, 1-1 - 1 - 1 P, 1-1 R. Metatarsus I slightly curved. Tibial apophysis of legs I with two short well-developed branches, retrolateral branch slightly longer than prolateral; PB and RB with an internal subapical strong and short spine (Fig. 12 D). Metatarsi I flexes to the retrolateral branch of the tibial apophysis. — Opisthosoma: Abdomen with oval central urticating setae patch with types III and IV. Four spinnerets, PMS 1.1 long and PLS three segmented, basal segment 2.1 long, medial segment 1.2 long and apical segment 1.5 long. — Genital organs: Palpal organ piriform without constriction between tegulum and embolus. Embolus curving retrolaterally, prolateral keels unequal; PS flat and less developed, PI well developed with 6–9 small teeth along the retrolateral face of the curvature of embolus (Fig. 13).</p><p>Description female.</p><p>Female paratype (UNS M 1396). — Coloration (in alcohol): Carapace dark brown covered with black and grey short hairs and golden long hairs which are more abundant on the margins and on dorsal chelicerae (Fig. 14 A), legs brownish with evident patellar lines, abdomen dark brown with short black hairs and long golden hairs on the dorsum; sternum, coxa and trochanter light brown (Fig. 14 B, C). — Coloration (in life): Iridescent orange to pink hairs at the base of the legs, chelicerae, and carapace. Longer pink hairs on the legs, margins of the carapace, and distal abdomen. The proximal abdomen is covered with long orange hairs. The ventral face of body is very dark, almost black (Fig. 15 C, E). Total length 36.63. — Prosoma: Carapace length 13.88, width 12.65. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior one recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.31, ALE 0.63, PME 0.41, PLE 0.50, AME - AME 0.47, AME - ALE 0.13, PME - PME 0.88, PME - PLE 0.13, ALE - PLE 0.19, OQ length 1.47, width 2.09, clypeus 0.34. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.35. Labium length 1.67, width 2.78 with 125 cuspules. Maxillae (right / left) with 137 / 139 cuspules. Sternum length 8.33, width 6.66 (Fig. 14 B). Right chelicerae with 8 large teeth on promargin of furrow and 6 small teeth on the proximal area of furrow, left chelicerae with 7 large teeth on the promargin of furrow and 6 small teeth on the proximal area of furrow. — Appendages: Tarsi I – IV densely scopulated, undivided. Metatarsi I 3 / 4 scopulated, II 2 / 3 scopulated, III 1 / 3 scopulated, IV 1 / 4 apically scopulated. Legs and palpal segments lengths in Table 6. Spination: Femora and patellae of legs I – IV, patellae of palps, 0. Femora of palp: 1 P. Tibiae: palp 2-2 - 3 V, 1 R; I 2 V; II 1-2 V; III 2-1 - 2 V, 1 P; IV 2-2 V, 1- 1 P. Metatarsi: I 1 V; II 1-1 V; III 2-1 - 2 V, 1-1 - 1 P, 1-1 - 1 R; IV 1-1 - 2 - 3 V, 1-1 - 1 - 1 P, 1-1 R. — Opisthosoma: Abdomen with large “ apple ” shaped urticating setae patch with types III and IV. Four spinnerets, PMS 1.2 long and PLS three segmented, basal segment 2 long, medial segment 1.6 long, and apical segment 1.3 long. — Genital organs: Spermatheca with wide seminal receptacles, upper margin smooth, with pronounced oval margins towards the inner part, and with two semi-spheroid lateral chambers pointing upwards (Fig. 14 D, E).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is a noun in the genitive case, named after Susana Seen, the mother of the collector, whose unconditional support made the discovery of this species possible.</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>This species is distributed in northwestern La Pampa province and southeastern Mendoza province. Euathlus susanae sp. nov. was found in the Protected Provincial Area Cerro Negro, La Pampa province (Fig. 15 A), and in the locality of Agua Escondida, Mendoza province (Fig. 18). The Cerro Negro reserve contains the “ Cerro Negro ”, which is a basaltic volcano dated from 4.71 Ma that elevates 1167 m a. s. l. and its summit represents the highest geographical point in La Pampa province (Bertotto et al. 2022). The volcano is surrounded by a middle altitude steppe, located in the center of the Monte biogeographical province (elevation of about 1100 m), which is dominated by Larrea divaricata Cav. 1800 . The specimens of Euathlus susanae sp. nov. were found in burrows and shelters under vesicular volcanic agglomerates. One adult female and two immature males were found in October (spring in the southern hemisphere). The immature males molted three months after capture, in late February (summer in the southern hemisphere). Individuals from Agua Escondida (Fig. 15 B), were found in burrows and shelters under rocks of the Agua Escondida Formation, composed by quartz sandstones of Upper Carboniferous age (elevation of about 1095 m) (González Díaz 1972), also located in the Monte biogeographical province.</p><p>Sexual behavior.</p><p>We observed two mating events in Euathlus susanae sp. nov. One event was performed by a male and a female from Cerro Negro Reserve, La Pampa province. The courtship was initiated by the male, who performed rhythmic leg tapping with legs I and vibrations with leg III, lasting a total of 11 minutes. The male then approached the female, making contact toward her front legs with his legs I and II. After that, the female oriented to the position of the male while performing high-frequency leg tapping with legs I and palps over the substrate. The male repeated leg tapping with legs I, prompting the female to approach. The male then grasped his first pair of legs around the female’s chelicerae and elevated her to access the genital opening. Once the female was lifted, the male performed palpal boxing (alternating vertical movements of the pedipalps in contact with the female’s sternum). A single palpal insertion event was observed, lasting about 47 seconds. After disengagement, the male performed leg tapping with legs I on the female, but she walked away.</p><p>In the second event, a male from Cerro Negro, La Pampa and a female from Agua Escondida, Mendoza successfully mate. The male initiated courtship by vibrating leg III, followed by leg tapping with legs I, or with legs I and II simultaneously. This courtship phase lasted 4.16 minutes, during which the male approached the female slowly while continuing these displays. Upon reaching the female, the male tapped her leg IV (as she was oriented in the opposite direction), causing her to turn towards him. He attempted to grasp the tibial apophysis on her chelicerae, but the female became unstable, preventing clasping. The male initiated the courtship again for an additional 5.21 minutes, performing leg tapping, after which the female approached. At this instance, the male successfully clasped the tibial apophysis into the chelicerae of the female and then elevated her. The copulation event lasted 4.1 minutes. The male began with palpal boxing, followed by insertion of the right palp for approximately 0.6 minutes. He then attempted an insertion of the left palp but was unsuccessful, after trying again, the left palp was successfully inserted for 1 minute. After, he performed a second left palp insertion, which lasted 1.85 minutes. After disengagement, the male performed leg tapping on the female’s front legs; after this movement, the female turned away.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/76F07C38F6175A4282C30D602CED2CE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Allegue, Maite;Peralta-Seen, Nicolás;Ferretti, Nelson	Allegue, Maite, Peralta-Seen, Nicolás, Ferretti, Nelson (2025): Integrative systematics of the tarantulas Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 from Argentina: cladistics, molecular phylogeny and new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 713-736, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e171040
00FBD712397953D888B90F43108BE2A9.text	00FBD712397953D888B90F43108BE2A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euathlus tenebrarum Ferretti 2015	<div><p>3.3. 5. Euathlus tenebrarum Ferretti, 2015</p><p>Figures 16, 17, 18, Table 7</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ARGENTINA • 1 ♂; Neuquén, Huiliches Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.3328&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9078" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.3328/lat -39.9078)">next to Curruhué Chico lake</a>; 39.9078°S 71.3328°W; 1042 m a. s. l.; 28 Oct. 2011; L. Schwerdt leg.; MACN -Ar 32687 .</p><p>Other material.</p><p>ARGENTINA • 4 ♀♀; Neuquén, Huiliches Department, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.073&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-39.9461" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.073/lat -39.9461)">Junín de los Andes</a>; 39.9461°S 71.0730°W; 27 Feb. 1968; Maury and N. Mullet leg.; MACN -Ar 45254, 47712, 47781, 47806 . • 1 ♂; same data as preceding; MACN -Ar 46231 .</p><p>Amended diagnosis.</p><p>Male differs from the other Euathlus species by a tibial apophysis with slightly developed branches almost of equal sizes (Fig. 16 A – C) and by the strong curvature of the embolus, reaching almost 90 ° between embolus and tegulum (Fig. 16 D – H). The PB has three strong spines, two internal ones, one of which is located more basally and the other subapical, and one external spine. Females differ from other congeners by the shape of the spermathecae, consisting of two high sub-quadrate seminal receptacles with upper margin slightly mounded; each with a lateral wide oval chamber connected with a wide duct (Fig. 17).</p><p>Description female.</p><p>Female (MACN -Ar 47712). — Coloration (in alcohol): reddish brown, two yellowish lines on femora, patella, and tibia of palps and legs I-IV. Total length 25.52. — Prosoma: Carapace length 10.60, width 9.46 (Fig. 16 A). Anterior eye row procurved, posterior one recurved. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.31, PME 0.12, PLE 0.39, AME - AME 0.42, AME - ALE 0.16, PME - PME 0.74, PME - PLE 0.08, ALE - PLE 0.23, OQ length 1.19, width 1.60. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, slightly procurved, width 1.55. Labium length 1.46, width 1.73 with 91 cuspules. Sternum length 4.87, width 4.56 (Fig. 16 B). Chelicerae with 6 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 7 teeth on the proximal area on retromargin. — Appendages: Tarsi I – IV densely scopulated and entire. Metatarsi I fully scopulated, II 2 / 3 scopulated, III 1 / 2 scopulated, IV 1 / 4 apically scopulated. Leg and palpal segments lengths in Table 7. Spination: Femora, patellae, and tarsi of palps and legs I – IV, 0. Tibiae: palp 0-0 - 0 - 2 (ap) V, 1-0 - 1 - 1 (ap) P; I 0-0 - 1 - 2 (ap) V, 0-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) P; II 0-1 - 0 - 3 (ap) V; III 0-1 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 0-0 - 1 - 0 P; IV 0-1 - 0 - 0 V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 (ap) P, 0-1 - 1 - 1 (ap) R. Metatarsi: I 1-0 - 0 - 1 (ap) V; II 0-1 - 0 - 0 V; III 1-2 - 0 - 3 (ap) V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 0-0 - 0 - 1 R; IV 1-2 - 1 - 3 (ap) V, 0-1 - 0 - 1 P, 1-1 - 3 - 1 R. — Opisthosoma: Types III and IV urticating setae present. Four spinnerets, PMS 0.92 long and PLS three segmented, basal segment 1.94 long, medial segment 1.26 long and apical segment 1.12 long. — Genital organs: Spermatheca consisting of two high seminal receptacles, sub-quadrate, with upper margin not straight, with a few small mounds; each with a lateral wide oval chamber connected with a wide duct (Fig. 16 D).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The female specimen previously designated as a paratype of Euathlus tenebrarum (MACN -Ar 32688) is herein reassigned to Euathlus basalticus sp. nov. This decision is based on a comparative analysis of additional specimens deposited in the MACN collection, including three females (MACN -Ar 47712, 47806, 47781) and one male (MACN -Ar 46231) (Fig. 17) from Junín de los Andes. The male matches with the morphology described for E. tenebrarum by Ferretti (2015), while the females show clear morphological differences. Furthermore, during a field campaign conducted in November 2023, we surveyed localities near the record of the aforementioned paratype female collecting one adult male (UNS M 1122), whose morphology differs considerably from that of E. tenebrarum and is consistent with the diagnosis of Euathlus basalticus sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Previously known from the Huiliches Department, Neuquén province, Argentina. The species has been recorded near Curruhué Chico Lake (type locality) (Ferretti 2015). From this work, recorded in Junín de los Andes, Neuquén province (Fig. 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/00FBD712397953D888B90F43108BE2A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Allegue, Maite;Peralta-Seen, Nicolás;Ferretti, Nelson	Allegue, Maite, Peralta-Seen, Nicolás, Ferretti, Nelson (2025): Integrative systematics of the tarantulas Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 from Argentina: cladistics, molecular phylogeny and new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 713-736, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e171040
