identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
732A87F2F32FB40C57C7AC0FFA5BFC0F.text	732A87F2F32FB40C57C7AC0FFA5BFC0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taeniogonalos Schulz 1906	<div><p>Genus  Taeniogonalos Schulz, 1906</p><p>Taeniogonalos Schulz, 1906: 212 . Type species (by monotypy):  Trigonalys maculata Smith, 1851 . Refer Chen et al. (2014) &amp; Binoy et al. (2022) for complete synonymy.</p><p>Key to the Indian species of  Taeniogonalos Schulz (modified from Girish Kumar &amp; Hegde, 2023)</p><p>1. Second metasomal sternite produced medio-posteriorly (Fig. 3D; Figures. 5d &amp; 5f of Binoy et al. 2022)................ 2</p><p>- Second metasomal sternite truncate medio-posteriorly (Figures 2e, 7d, 10d, 12e and 15b of Binoy et al. 2022; Figure 10 of Girish Kumar &amp; Hegde 2023; Figures 2C &amp; 4D of Femi et al. 2024; Figure 1 of Amal et al. 2024a).................... 3</p><p>2. Scutellum unicoloured, entirely yellow-orange or yellow; axilla yellow-orange (Figure 5b of Binoy et al. 2022).....................................................................................  T. fulvoscutellata (Ayyar, 1919)</p><p>- Scutellum bicoloured, black medially and yellow laterally; axilla mostly black, small pale brownish patch medially (Figs 2D, 3A)..........................................  T. manickavasagami Sankararaman, Amal &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov.</p><p>3. Scutellum unicoloured, entirely black (Figures 524 &amp; 535 of Chen et al. 2014; Figure 3F of Femi et al. 2024; Figure 1 of Amal et al. 2024a)......................................................................................... 4</p><p>- Scutellum bicoloured or tricoloured, dark brown-black/mid brown/yellow (Figures 2b, 7b and 10b of Binoy et al. 2022; Figure 7 of Girish Kumar &amp; Hegde 2023; Figure 1F of Femi et al. 2024)............................................... 5</p><p>4. Midlobe of mesoscutum with a pair of yellow patches anterolaterally (Figure 29 of Chen et al. 2020; Figure 3F of Femi et al. 2024); posterior margin of tergite 1 and sternite 2 with yellow/ivory stripes (Figures 31 &amp; 33 of Chen et al. 2020; Figures 4C &amp; 4D of Femi et al. 2024)............................................  T. eurysoma Chen &amp; van Achterberg, 2020</p><p>- Midlobe of mesoscutum completely black without any yellow patches (Figure 524 of Chen et al. 2014); posterior margin of tergite 1 and sternite 2 without any stripes (Figures 526 &amp; 528 of Chen et al. 2014)..........  T. taihorina (Bischoff, 1914)</p><p>5. Head, mesosoma and metasoma predominantly bicoloured (black/blackish brown and yellow) (Figures 6a and 11a of Binoy et al., 2022; Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11 of Girish Kumar &amp; Hegde 2023; Figure 3 and 4 of Femi et al. 2024)............... 6</p><p>- Head, mesosoma and metasoma predominantly tricoloured (red/orange, black/blackish brown and yellow/yellowish white) (Figures 1a, 9a and 14a of Binoy et al. 2022; Figure 1 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023; Figures 1B, 1D, 1F, 2A, 2B, 2C of Femi et al. 2024)...................................................................................... 7</p><p>6. Second metasomal tergite densely punctured, interspaces distinctly less than the diameter of punctures, matt (Figure 425 of Chen et al. 2014; Figure 7e of Binoy et al., 2022); antenna black with yellow fleck on scape (Figures 6b and 6e of Binoy et al. 2022); frons and vertex with extensive yellow areas (Figures 6d and 6e of Binoy et al. 2022)......  T. gestroi (Schulz, 1908)</p><p>- Second tergite not densely punctured, interspaces distinctly more than the diameter of punctures, glossy (Figure 12g of Binoy et al., 2022); antenna entirely brown (Figure 11b and 6e of Binoy et al. 2022); frons and vertex entirely black (Figures 11d and 11e of Binoy et al. 2022)......................................................  T. latae Polaszek &amp; Binoy, 2022</p><p>7. Second submarginal cell of fore wing petiolate anteriorly which is connecting with discal cell (Figure 10c of Binoy et al. 2022).............................................................................  T. kerala (Ayyar, 1919)</p><p>- Second submarginal cell sessile anteriorly which is either connecting with discal cell at a point (Figure 2E of Femi et al. 2024; Figure 14a of Binoy et al. 2022) or distinctly forming a vertical vein (Figure 9 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023; Figure 2d of Binoy et al. 2022)..................................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Second submarginal cell of fore wing sessile anteriorly which is connecting with discal cell at a point (Figure 14a of Binoy et al. 2022; Figure 2E of Femi et al. 2024); scutellum reddish or reddish brown medially (Figure 14d of Binoy et al. 2022; Figure 1F of Femi et al. 2024)................................................................................. 9</p><p>- Second submarginal cell sessile anteriorly which is connecting with discal cell by forming a vertical vein (Figure 9 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023; Figure 2d of Binoy et al. 2022); scutellum black medially (Figure 7 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023; Figure 2b of Binoy et al. 2022)......................................................................... 10</p><p>9. Mesopleuron with four distinct yellow spots (Figure 14e of Binoy et al. 2022); scutellum largely brown with narrow yellow bands laterally; axilla with pair of large yellow patches (Figure 14d of Binoy et al. 2022)...................................................................................  T. thwaitesii (Westwood, 1874) [Extralimital: Sri Lanka]</p><p>- Mesopleuron without distinct yellow spots (Figure 1E of Femi et al. 2024); scutellum largely yellow and reddish brown medially; axilla reddish brown without any patches (Figure 1F of Femi et al. 2024).......  T. deepaki Femi &amp; Ranjith, 2024</p><p>10. Second metasomal tergite with basal yellow spot (Figure 11 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023); vertex dorsally reddish (Figure 4 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023); yellow apical band of second metasomal tergite laterally widened and narrowed medially (Figure 11 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023); yellow apical band of second metasomal sternite comparatively wide medially (Figure 12 of Girish Kumar and Hegde 2023)...............................  T. dhritiae Girish Kumar &amp; Hegde, 2023</p><p>- Second tergite without basal yellow spot (Figure 2g of Binoy et al. 2022); vertex dorsally black with reddish markings (Figure 1d of Binoy et al. 2022); yellowish white apical band of second tergite with almost uniform thickness (Figure 2g of Binoy et al. 2022); yellowish white apical band of second sternite narrow medially (Figure 2h of Binoy et al. 2022)......................................................................  T. ayyari Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar, 2022</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/732A87F2F32FB40C57C7AC0FFA5BFC0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sankararaman, H.;Amal, S.;Kumar, P. Girish	Sankararaman, H., Amal, S., Kumar, P. Girish (2025): Description of a new species of Taeniogonalos Schulz (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) from South India with an updated key to Indian species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 326-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.2
732A87F2F32CB40B57C7ABC3FC42FD59.text	732A87F2F32CB40B57C7ABC3FC42FD59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taeniogonalos manickavasagami Sankararaman, Amal & Girish Kumar 2025	<div><p>Taeniogonalos manickavasagami Sankararaman, Amal &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–3)</p><p>Type material.   Holotype ♀, India:  Kerala, Malappuram district
, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.110275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.372361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.110275/lat 11.372361)">Kakkadampoyil</a>, Mele-thottappally (11°22’20.5”N 76°06’37.0”E, 837 m), 26.v.2024, Coll. H. Sankararaman, (ZSIK) Regd. No. ZSI/WGRC/I.R.-INV.27910.</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is distinguished from all other described species of  Taeniogonalos from India by the following combination of features: second metasomal sternite produced medio-posteriorly (Fig. 3D, marked by arrow); scutellum and middle lobe of mesoscutum bicoloured, scutellum black medially and pale yellow laterally, middle lobe of mesoscutum black with two yellow spots anteriorly, axilla mostly black, small brownish patch medially (Figs. 2D, 3A); second submarginal cell of fore wing sessile anteriorly which is connecting with discal cell at a point (Fig. 3B); second metasomal tergite without basal yellow spot (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Description. Holotype, female, length 9.5 mm; fore wing length 7.5 mm.</p><p>Head. Head in dorsal view 1.5 × as wide as long (except mandibles); antenna with 22 flagellomeres (Fig. 1); frons (Fig. 2A) coarsely rugose punctate, with narrow shiny interspaces; vertex with similar sculpture, moderately setose; OOD 2.6 × POD; OOD 3.4 × OD (Fig. 2B); temple mostly smooth, sparsely punctate; eye in dorsal view subequal to temple; occipital carina distinct; supra-antennal elevation medium-sized, about 0.3 × as long as scape, outer margin oblique (Fig. 2B); clypeus emarginated medio-apically, setose; mandibles large; interocular distance at middle of face 3.2 × distance between antennal toruli (Fig. 2A).</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.2 × as long as high (Fig. 2D); notauli deep, narrow and complete (Fig. 2D); midlobe of mesoscutum coarsely rugose-punctate, lateral lobes with similar sculpture, short longitudinal streak indicated on lateral lobes; scutellar sulcus complete; scutellum similarly sculptured, convex, above level of mesoscutum, metanotum medially slightly convex, not protruding, faintly rugose (Fig. 2D &amp; 3A); transverse mesopleural sulcus indistinct; mesopleuron irregularly rugose; propodeum largely longitudinally or obliquely rugose; posterior propodeal carina arched (pointed medially) (Fig. 3A).</p><p>Wings. Fore wing: length of vein 1-SR subequal to vein 1-M, vein 1-M arched and vein 1-SR straight (Fig. 3B); second submarginal cell sessile anteriorly, connecting with discal cell at a point (Fig. 3B).</p><p>Metasoma. First metasomal tergite 1.5 × as wide as long, smooth with few punctures (Fig. 3C); remainder tergites conspicuously rugose punctate, markedly setose (Figs 3C &amp; 3D); sternites with similar sculptures as on tergites; posterior margin of second metasomal sternite medio-apically produced (Fig. 3D, marked by white arrow); third sternite 0.2 × as long as second sternite; hypopygium triangular in ventral view.</p><p>Colour. Head, mesosoma and metasoma predominantly bicolored (black and yellow). Body mostly black with the yellow markings as follows: oblique patches behind stemmaticum; mandible, except the teeth; paired broad marks almost entirely on clypeus; frons near toruli, inner eye margin, anterior to median ocellus, lateral to lateral ocelli; temple anteriorly; vertex posteriorly; two markings on lateral side of pronotum (near upper &amp; lower margins); middle lobe of mesoscutum anterolaterally; two large spots on scutellum laterally, axilla with small brownish patch medially; metanotum with one large medial and pair of large lateral yellow patches, two large patches on propodeum submedially; spot on upper mesopleuron anteriorly and longitudinal patch on lower mesopleuron, narrow longitudinal patch on metapleuron close to pleural carina; first metasomal tergite with patch on postero-medial margin; second tergite with yellow band at posterior margin which widened laterally and somewhat narrow medially; third tergite with pale indistinct band at posterior margin; fourth-sixth tergites with two spots on either sides; first and second metasomal sternites with posterior band which is more wider on second sternite, remainder of sternites black. Antenna brown. Tegula brown. Legs with base of fore coxa, mid and hind coxa black with following yellow markings: fore coxa almost entirely; mid and hind coxa dorsally; fore and hind trochanter entirely; mid trochanter dorsally; brown markings on base and apex of mid and hind tibia. Rest of legs blackish brown to brown. Wings pale brownish hyaline; fore wing infumed subapically; veins dark brown to black. Setae on head, mesosoma and metasoma white.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. This new species is named in honour of Dr S. Manickavasagam for his contribution to the taxonomy of chalcid parasitoids, especially  Mymaridae,  Encyrtidae, and  Chalcididae from India, and also for mentoring the first author during his doctoral research.</p><p>Distribution. India (Kerala).</p><p>Remarks.  Taeniogonalos manickavasagami sp. nov. is similar in appearance to  T. fulvoscutellata (Ayyar) from India,  T. flavoscutellata (Chen) from China and Korea, and  T. sauteri Bischoff from China, Japan, Korea, Russia Far East and Taiwan, by having the second metasomal sternite produced medio-posteriorly. However, this new species differs from the  fulvoscutellata and  flavoscutellata by the bicolored scutellum, yellow laterally and black medially, and axilla mostly black with small brownish patch medially (in  T. fulvoscutellata and  T. flavoscutellata, scutellum unicoloured, entirely yellow-orange or yellow and axilla yellow-orange). It differs from  T. sauteri in having axilla black with small brownish patch medially; yellow markings on mesopleuron (in  T. sauteri, axilla yellow and mesopleuron completely black, without any markings).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/732A87F2F32CB40B57C7ABC3FC42FD59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sankararaman, H.;Amal, S.;Kumar, P. Girish	Sankararaman, H., Amal, S., Kumar, P. Girish (2025): Description of a new species of Taeniogonalos Schulz (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) from South India with an updated key to Indian species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 326-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.2
732A87F2F328B40857C7AC1EFD26F99C.text	732A87F2F328B40857C7AC1EFD26F99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taeniogonalos pictipennis Strand 1914	<div><p>Taeniogonalos pictipennis Strand, 1914,  stat. rev.</p><p>(see figures 474–484 of Chen et al. 2014)</p><p>Taeniogonalos pictipennis Strand, 1914: 32; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 416; Tsuneki 1991: 59.</p><p>Brief diagnosis. length 10 mm; fore wing 9 mm. Scutellum, axilla and metanotum entirely yellow, the mesopleuron and the metapleuron with an elongate yellow patch postero-ventrally, the scutellar sulcus smooth and narrow, the vertex behind the posterior ocelli densely sculptured (without smooth interspaces between punctures), second sternite densely punctate, and second metasomal sternite truncate medio-posteriorly.</p><p>Notes.  Taeniogonalos pictipennis was synonymized with  T. sauteri by Tsuneki (1991), and this synonymy was also accepted by Chen et al. (2014) stating the difference in coloration of scutellum is intraspecific variation. However,  T. pictipennis can be distinguished from  T. sauteri by the second metasomal sternite truncate medio-posteriorly (figure 482 of Chen et al. 2014) (In  T. sauteri, second metasomal sternite produced medio-posteriorly [figure 472 of Chen et al. 2014]). In view of this difference,  T. pictipennis is treated here as a valid species and is removed from synonymy with  T. sauteri (stat. rev.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/732A87F2F328B40857C7AC1EFD26F99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sankararaman, H.;Amal, S.;Kumar, P. Girish	Sankararaman, H., Amal, S., Kumar, P. Girish (2025): Description of a new species of Taeniogonalos Schulz (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae) from South India with an updated key to Indian species. Zootaxa 5621 (3): 326-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.2
