identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
767B87ACF523DE37FF54FC685795FBF5.text	767B87ACF523DE37FF54FC685795FBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Littorinimorpha Golikov	<div><p>Order Littorinimorpha Golikov &amp;</p><p>Starobogatov, 1975</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/767B87ACF523DE37FF54FC685795FBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chertoprud, E. M.;Palatov, D. M.;Vinarski, M. V.	Chertoprud, E. M., Palatov, D. M., Vinarski, M. V. (2020): Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part II. Sitnikovia gen. nov., a new genus of stygobiont microsnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from Georgia. Zoosystematica Rossica (China) 29 (2): 258-266, DOI: 10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258
767B87ACF523DE37FF54FB23521CFAF8.text	767B87ACF523DE37FF54FB23521CFAF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sitnikovia Chertoprud & Palatov & Vinarski 2020	<div><p>Genus Sitnikovia gen. nov.</p><p>Type species Sitnikovia megruli sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Shell high-conical, relatively slen- der (SW/SH ratio 0.40–0.60), with four to six slowly increasing whorls. Spire high, body whorl moderately inflated. Operculum ovate, corneous, thin and flat, without protrusions on the inner side, paucispiral with submarginal nucleus, usually orange or yellowish. Animal blind. Inner callus not developed. Radula of taenioglossate type, with formula 5-1-5-1-1; central (or rachidi- an) tooth with single pair of basal cusps. Lateral tooth resembles rachis in its shape and position of cusps, and bears eight or nine cusps (three or four at inner side, one largest, four at outer side); inner marginal tooth with 21–24 cusps, outer marginal tooth with 16 cusps.</p><p>Penis with a single dorso-lateral lobe, whose appearance varies from a well-developed conical offshoot to massive bulging with small knobby tip. The distal part of the penis is narrow and pointed; in its central part the penis is swollen; its width slowly decreases towards the basal part.</p><p>From all genera of the Caucasian hydrobiid snails, established to the date, Sitnikovia gen. nov. differs by a unique combination of general shell shape and the penis structure.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Dr. Tatiana Ya. Sitnikova, a renowned Russian expert in systematics of the freshwater Caenogastopoda.</p><p>Species composition. Sitnikovia gen. nov. includes two species described herein, both are endemic to Georgia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/767B87ACF523DE37FF54FB23521CFAF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chertoprud, E. M.;Palatov, D. M.;Vinarski, M. V.	Chertoprud, E. M., Palatov, D. M., Vinarski, M. V. (2020): Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part II. Sitnikovia gen. nov., a new genus of stygobiont microsnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from Georgia. Zoosystematica Rossica (China) 29 (2): 258-266, DOI: 10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258
767B87ACF523DE30FCEDFAC952EEFCDE.text	767B87ACF523DE30FCEDFAC952EEFCDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sitnikovia megruli Chertoprud & Palatov & Vinarski 2020	<div><p>Sitnikovia megruli sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 3a, 3c, 4a, 4c, 4e, 4g, 4i)</p><p>“ Paladilhiopsis ” sp.: Chertoprud et al., 2020: 275–289.</p><p>Holotype. Adult mollusc, Georgia, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Chkhorotsqu district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.168484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.518864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.168484/lat 42.518864)">Odishi</a> plain, left side of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.168484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.518864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.168484/lat 42.518864)">Bulebe River</a>, subterranean spring inside <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.168484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.518864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.168484/lat 42.518864)">Garakha Cave</a>, 42°31′7.91″N 42°10′6.54″E, 207 m a.s.l., 03.II.2017, leg. D. Palatov, No. 514/1 (ZIN).</p><p>Paratypes. 21 adult molluscs, same collecting data as for the holotype, five under No. 514/2 (ZIN), three under No. Lc-40753 (ZMMU) and the rest in collections of the authors .</p><p>Shell dimensions of the holotype (mm). WN 4.75; SH 2.1; SW 1.15; BWH 1.15; BWW 1.0; AH 0.75; AW 0.65. For morphometric characteristics of the entire type series see Table 1.</p><p>E.M. Chertoprud et al. Sitnikovia, a new genus of snails from Georgia</p><p>Description. Shell small (SH &lt;2.25 mm), high conical, relatively narrow and slender (SW/ SH ratio 0.45–0.60), whitish. Whorl number up to 5.00. Whorls rounded and visibly convex, separated by deep oblique suture. Spire high, its height 0.60 SH or more. Body whorl high and moderately inflated, its width slightly exceeds width of penultimate one. Tangent line slightly convex. Aperture ovate, with obtuse angle in its upper part, more or less detached from body whorl wall forming a rather wide umbilicus. Shell surface almost smooth, with rare growth lines. Protoconch broad, low domed, consists of 1.5 whorls (330 µm in diameter, WE 220 µm). Surface of protoconch covered by mesh-like microsculpture with cellular pits of variable density. Pits of irregular shape, evenly immersed in protoconch surface. Protoconch separated from teleoconch by distinct and thin axial line. Operculum (Fig. 4i) ovate, corneous, thin, flat, without protrusions on inner side, paucispiral with submarginal nucleus, generally orange or yellowish.</p><p>Radula (Fig. 4g). Two basal cusps on each side of rachis and five cusps on each side of median cusp of rachis. Median cusp only slightly longer than adjacent ones, all cusps relatively long and narrow. On lateral tooth, there are four-five cusps on each side of largest cusp (formula: (5)4-1-4), all cusps long and narrow like those of rachis. Inner marginal tooth with 21–24 cusps, outer marginal tooth with 16 cusps.</p><p>Penis (Fig. 3c) with well-developed dorso-lateral lobe looking as short, conical, obtusely terminated process. Distal pointed part of penis very short and wide.</p><p>Animal blind.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to S. ratschuli sp. nov., except for being smaller (SH does not exceed 2.2 mm) and having a relatively narrower shell (SW/SH ratio 0.45–0.57). Body whorl is smaller and moderately inflated. Shell proportions are noticeably slenderer. Aperture is relatively small with similar proportions. The protoconch of S. megruli sp. nov. is noticeably bigger than that of S. ratschuli sp.nov. (Figs 4e, 4f). Surface of protoconch has a similar mesh-like sculpture, although its pattern is slightly different: pits are irregularly shaped and equally impressed. The penial lobe in S. megruli sp. nov. is elongated and narrow, whereas in S. ratschuli sp.nov. it is rather shorter and swollen. There are no noticeable differences in radular morphology between S. megruli sp.nov. and S. ratschuli sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Samegrelo (Georgian სამეგრელო), a historic province in the western part of Georgia.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to Western Georgia. Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Habitats and ecology. Inhabits a subterrane- an spring in Garakha Cave (Fig. 3e), prevailing on solid substrates. The densest aggregations of snails were found in the small left tributary of the main cave stream. Molluscs were collected from the submerged stones and from the surface of rimstone pools. Water indicators: T 11 °C, pH 8.5, total dissolved solids (TDS) 130 ppm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/767B87ACF523DE30FCEDFAC952EEFCDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chertoprud, E. M.;Palatov, D. M.;Vinarski, M. V.	Chertoprud, E. M., Palatov, D. M., Vinarski, M. V. (2020): Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part II. Sitnikovia gen. nov., a new genus of stygobiont microsnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from Georgia. Zoosystematica Rossica (China) 29 (2): 258-266, DOI: 10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258
767B87ACF524DE32FCFCFCAB5768FAF4.text	767B87ACF524DE32FCFCFCAB5768FAF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sitnikovia ratschuli Chertoprud & Palatov & Vinarski 2020	<div><p>Sitnikovia ratschuli sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 3b, 3d, 4b, 4d, 4f, 4h)</p><p>Holotype. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.158585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.441975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.158585/lat 42.441975)">Adult</a> mollusc, Georgia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.158585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.441975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.158585/lat 42.441975)">Racha-Lechkhumi</a>, vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.158585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.441975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.158585/lat 42.441975)">Kveda Tlughi Village</a>, Shaori Lake basin, subterranean river inside Sakishore Cave, 42°26′31.1″N 43°09′30.9″E, 1188 m a.s.l., 13.VIII. 2019, E. Chertoprud leg., No. 513/1 (ZIN).</p><p>Paratypes. 22 adult molluscs, same collecting data as for the holotype, three under No. 513/2 (ZIN), three under No. Lc-40754 (ZMMU) and the rest in collections of the authors .</p><p>Shell dimensions of the holotype (mm). WN 4.9; SH 2.15; SW 1.2; BWH 1.35; BWW 1.05; AH 0.8; AW 0.75. For morphometric characteristics of the entire type series see Table 1.</p><p>Description. Shell small (SH &lt;2.6 mm), high conical, relatively slender (SW/SH ratio 0.56– 0.68), whitish. Whorl number up to 5.10. Spire high, its height 0.46 SH or more, and can reach 0.9 mm. Body whorl high and rather convex, its width extends beyond width of penultimate one. Tangent-line slightly concave. Surface of teleoconch with rare growth lines. Whorls rounded and visibly convex, separated by deep oblique suture. Aperture ovate, with obtuse upper angle. Umbilicus well developed. Protoconch consists of 1.5 whorls (270 µm in diameter, WE 158 µm). Surface of protoconch with mesh-like microsculpture. Protoconch separated from teleoconch by distinct axial line. Operculum ovate, corneous, thin and flat.</p><p>Radula (Fig. 4h). Central (rachidian) tooth has a pair of basal cusps, large median cusp and five lateral cusp on each side of it. Lateral tooth asymmetric, with eight cusps, three at inner side, one largest, four at outer side (formula: 4-1-3). Median cusp elongated, almost twice as long as adjacent ones, and overlaps adjacent inner marginal tooth. Inner marginal tooth with 24 cusps, outer marginal tooth with 16 cusps.</p><p>Penis (Fig. 3d) massive and swollen in central part, with bulging dorso-lateral lobe slightly spaced from penis, and having miniature pointed tip. Distal part of penis abruptly tapers and forms short, hook-shaped tip, curved downwards.</p><p>Animal blind.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to S. megruli sp.nov., but is larger (SH up to 2.6 mm) and having a relatively wider shell (SW/SH ratio 0.56–0.64). Body whorl is higher and more inflated, noticeably wider than the preceding one. Aperture of similar proportions but larger. The protoconch of S. ratschuli sp. nov. is noticeably smaller than that of S. megruli sp. nov. (Figs 4e, 4f). Surface of protoconch has a similar mesh-like sculpture although the pattern is slightly different with irregular axial elevations forming feebly defined ridges surrounding the depressions. The penial lobe in S. ratschuli sp. nov. is low and wide, whereas in S. megruli sp. nov. it is rather slender and pointed. There are no noticeable differences in radular morphology between S. megruli sp.nov. and S. ratschuli sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology. The name is derived from Racha (Georgian რაჭა), a historical highland region of Western Georgia, located in the upper Rioni River and at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus Range.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to Western Georgia. Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Habitats and ecology. Inhabits subterranean river flowing in the Sakishore Cave (Fig. 3f). Molluscs live on the massive stones immersed in water. S. ratschuli sp.nov. may be characterized as a rheophilic species that prefers submerged hard substrates. Molluscs prevail in a truly underground part of a watercourse, whereas in the part of the cave where the sunlight penetrates only empty shells were found.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/767B87ACF524DE32FCFCFCAB5768FAF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chertoprud, E. M.;Palatov, D. M.;Vinarski, M. V.	Chertoprud, E. M., Palatov, D. M., Vinarski, M. V. (2020): Revealing the stygobiont and crenobiont Mollusca biodiversity hotspot in Caucasus: Part II. Sitnikovia gen. nov., a new genus of stygobiont microsnails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from Georgia. Zoosystematica Rossica (China) 29 (2): 258-266, DOI: 10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.258
