taxonID	type	description	language	source
E6619A56CB3256FBAF11B153E5D0178B.taxon	description	Figs 10, 11, 12, Table 4	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
E6619A56CB3256FBAF11B153E5D0178B.taxon	description	Measurements. All measurement data are given in Table 4.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
E6619A56CB3256FBAF11B153E5D0178B.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body long (1618 – 1760 μm long), narrowing gradually towards both extremities. Cuticle with transverse rows of punctations starting from amphid to near tail tip. Lateral differentiation with larger, irregularly spaced punctations. Short somatic setae sparsely present on entire body, ~ 3 μm long. Cephalic region with distinct constriction at level of cephalic setae. Anterior sensilla in three crowns: six small inner labial papillae, six outer labial setae (2 μm long), and four cephalic setae (4 – 5 μm long or 0.30 – 0.33 corresponding body diameter long). Anterior buccal cavity cup-shaped, and the posterior portion cylindrical. Three cuticularized pointed teeth present at the junction between the two compartments of buccal cavity. Spiral amphidial fovea with 3.5 turns, 11 – 12 μm in diameter or 62 – 69 % of corresponding body diameter, anterior border located at the level of cephalic setae. Pharynx cylindrical, gradually broadening posteriorly and forming a weak posterior bulb. Nerve ring situated at 42 – 47 % of anterior pharynx. Secretory-excretory gland located posterior to pharynx. Secretory-excretory pore located slightly posterior to nerve ring, 96 – 109 μm from the anterior end. Cardia small, partially surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system diorchic, anterior outstretched testis to the left or right of intestine and posterior outstretched testis to the right of the intestine. Spicules arcuate, equal, 1.3 – 1.4 cloacal body diameters long, proximal part of spicule with central cuticularized projection (lamella) extending from proximal end to ~ 1 / 4 of spicule. Gubernaculum with slightly curved dorso-caudal apophyses, 25 – 27 μm long. One precloacal seta 3 μm long. Seven tubular precloacal supplements. Conical tail 1.8 – 2.2 cloacal body diameters long, two terminal setae (4 μm long). Three caudal glands present. Female. Similar to males, but shorter than males. Reproductive system with two opposed, outstretched ovaries, with anterior ovary to the left of intestine and posterior ovary to the right of intestine. Vulva at 51 % of body length from anterior. Granular vaginal glands present. Three caudal glands present.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
07A15E440C79530FB4F9CC26CB4A8587.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, Table 2	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
07A15E440C79530FB4F9CC26CB4A8587.taxon	description	Measurements. All measurement data are given in Table 2.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
07A15E440C79530FB4F9CC26CB4A8587.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body short, narrowing gradually towards both extremities. Cuticle with transverse rows of punctations starting from amphid to near tail tip. Lateral differentiation with slightly sparse punctations. Cuticle striations distinct on cuticle surface using SEM (Fig. 5). Short somatic setae sparsely present on entire body, ~ 2 μm long. Cephalic region with distinct constriction at level of cephalic setae. Anterior sensilla in three crowns: six small inner labial papillae, six outer labial setae (2 μm long), and four cephalic setae (3 μm long or 0.15 – 0.25 corresponding body diameter long). Anterior buccal cavity cup-shaped, 5 – 6 μm wide, posterior portion narrow. Spiral amphidial fovea with three turns, 10 – 12 μm in diameter or 54 – 68 % of corresponding body diameter, anterior border located at the level of cephalic setae. Pharynx surrounds half of anterior buccal cavity, gradually broadening posteriorly and forming a weak posterior bulb. Nerve ring situated at 39 – 56 % of anterior pharynx. Secretory-excretory gland located posterior to pharynx. Secretory-excretory pore located posterior to nerve ring, 126 – 162 μm from the anterior end. Cardia small, completely surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system diorchic, anterior outstretched testis to the left of intestine and posterior outstretched testis to the right of the intestine. Spicules arcuate, equal, 1.2 – 1.5 cloacal body diameters long, proximal part of spicule with central cuticularized projection (lamella) extending from proximal end to approximately half of spicule. Gubernaculum with straight dorso-caudally directed apophyses. One precloacal seta 2 μm long. Sixteen or seventeen precloacal supplements, in the form of small pores, with distance between the anterior eight supplements (12 – 21 μm) irregularly distributed, posterior eight supplements with distance between adjacent supplements (5 – 13 μm) increasing towards anterior (Fig. 3 D). Conico-cylindrical tail 1.9 – 2.4 cloacal body diameters long bearing three terminal setae, with very slightly swollen tip. Cylindrical part ~ 1 / 5 of total tail length. Three caudal glands present. Spinneret present. Female. Similar to males. Reproductive system with two opposed, outstretched ovaries, with anterior ovary to the left of intestine and posterior ovary to the right of intestine. Spermatheca present. Vulva at 49 – 50 % of body length from anterior. Granular vaginal glands present. Three caudal glands present.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
07A15E440C79530FB4F9CC26CB4A8587.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and relationships. Sabatieria cosmonautae sp. nov. is characterized by body length 1786 – 2230 μm, short cephalic setae, 0.15 – 0.25 corresponding body diameter long; cuticle with transverse rows of punctations starting from amphid to near tail tip; lateral differentiation with sparse punctations; spiral amphidial fovea with three turns; males with arcuate spicules, 1.2 – 1.5 cloacal body diameters long, straight dorso-caudally directed gubernacular apophyses, and with 16 or 17 precloacal supplements, in the form of small pores; Conico-cylindrical tail 1.9 – 2.4 cloacal body diameters long in males and 2.4 – 2.6 cloacal body diameters long in females. Sabatieria cosmonautae sp. nov. belongs to the praedatrix group: amphids with three turns, the presence of straight gubernacular apophyses and with 16 or 17 pore-like precloacal supplements. There are 50 valid species in this group. Within the praedatrix group, S. cosmonautae sp. nov. most closely resembles S. ancudiana Wieser, 1954, S. granifer Wieser, 1954, S. intermissa Wieser, 1954, S. lawsi Platt, 1983, S. parabyssalis Wieser, 1954 as well as S. praedatrix de Man, 1907, which are all characterized by having nearly 17 precloacal supplements. In addition, the new species differs from S. ancudiana in the stouter body shape (a = 27 – 35 vs 42 – 65 in S. ancudiana), shorter cephalic setae (0.15 – 0.25 vs 0.60 – 0.70 cbd in S. ancudiana) and shorter tail (1.9 – 2.4 vs 3.5 cloacal body diameters in S. ancudiana), from S. granifer in the shorter tail (1.9 – 2.4 vs 3.3 – 4.8 cloacal body diameters in S. granifer), from S. intermissa in the stouter body shape (a = 27 – 35 vs 40 – 48 in S. intermissa), shorter cephalic setae (0.15 – 0.25 vs 0.70 – 0.90 cbd in S. intermissa), shorter spicules (1.2 – 1.5 vs 2.0 cloacal body diameters in S. intermissa) and shorter tail (1.9 – 2.4 vs 3.5 cloacal body diameters in S. intermissa), from S. lawsi in the shorter tail (1.9 – 2.4 vs 3.1 – 3.8 cloacal body diameters in S. lawsi), from S. parabyssalis in the shorter cephalic setae (0.15 – 0.25 vs 0.70 cbd in S. parabyssalis), and shorter tail (1.9 – 2.4 vs 3.8 – 4.3 cloacal body diameters in S. parabyssalis), and from S. praedatrix in the much shorter tail (1.9 – 2.4 vs 4.0 – 4.5 cloacal body diameters in S. praedatrix). This new species is also similar to S. bathycopia Leduc, 2013 in the celtica group by the relative cephalic setae length, relative spicule length and the value of c'. The new species differs from S. bathycopia by the value of c' (1.9 – 2.4 vs 3.6 – 4.3 in S. bathycopia), the structure of spicules (without velum or swollen distal portion vs with velum and swollen distal portion in S. bathycopia), and the gubernaculum shape (straight vs curved in S. bathycopia).	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
07A15E440C79530FB4F9CC26CB4A8587.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the type locality belonging to the Cosmonauts Sea.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
5C595496BF9F566DB9E1712B93EFCC7F.taxon	description	Figs 6, 7, 8, 9, Table 3	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
5C595496BF9F566DB9E1712B93EFCC7F.taxon	description	Measurements. All measurement data are given in Table 3.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
5C595496BF9F566DB9E1712B93EFCC7F.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body long (2628 – 3093 μm long), quite stout (maximum body width 84 – 136 μm), narrowing gradually towards both extremities. Cuticle with lateral differentiation of coarser, irregularly spaced punctations starting from amphid to near tail tip. Cuticle striations appearing distinct on cuticle surface under SEM (Fig. 9). Short somatic setae sparsely present on entire body, ~ 3 μm long. Cephalic region with distinct constriction at level of cephalic setae. Anterior sensilla in three crowns: six small inner labial papillae, six outer labial setae (3 μm long), and four cephalic setae (4 – 6 μm long or 0.20 – 0.26 corresponding body diameter long). Anterior buccal cavity cup-shaped, 4 – 7 μm wide, posterior portion narrow. Spiral amphidial fovea with 2.5 turns, 10 – 13 μm in diameter or 38 – 54 % of corresponding body diameter, anterior border located at the level of cephalic setae. Pharynx surrounds half of anterior buccal cavity, gradually broadening posteriorly and forming a weak posterior bulb. Nerve ring situated at 40 – 49 % of anterior pharynx. Secretory-excretory gland located posterior to pharynx. Secretory-excretory pore located posterior to nerve ring, 196 – 230 μm from the anterior end. Cardia small, partially surrounded by intestinal tissue. Reproductive system diorchic, anterior outstretched testis to the left of intestine and posterior outstretched testis to the left or right of the intestine. Spicules arcuate, equal, 1.2 – 1.5 cloacal body diameters long, proximal part of spicule with central cuticularized projection (lamella) extending from proximal end to ~ 1 / 3 of spicule. Gubernaculum with a long straight dorso-caudal apophysis, 42 – 47 μm long. One precloacal seta 3 μm long, distinct using SEM (Fig. 9 C). Twenty or twenty-one precloacal supplements, in the form of small pores, the distance between seven posterior-most supplements more or less equal (10 – 12 μm), anterior nine supplements with distance between adjacent supplements (12 – 36 μm) increasing towards anterior (Figs 7, 9). Conico-cylindrical tail 1.8 – 2.7 cloacal body diameters long with swollen tip bearing three terminal setae. Cylindrical part ~ 1 / 5 of total tail length. Three caudal glands present. Spinneret present. Female. Similar to males. Reproductive system with two opposed, outstretched ovaries, with anterior ovary to the left of intestine and posterior ovary to the left or right of intestine. Spermatheca present. Vulva at 48 – 52 % of body length from anterior. Granular vaginal glands present. Three caudal glands present.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
5C595496BF9F566DB9E1712B93EFCC7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and relationships. Sabatieria crassilonga sp. nov. is characterized by relatively stout body (a = 23 – 33); long body length 2628 – 3093 μm in males and 2910 – 3613 μm in females; short cephalic setae (4 – 6 μm long, 0.20 – 0.26 corresponding body diameter long); cuticle with lateral differentiation of coarser and irregularly spaced punctations extending from anterior edge of amphid to the tail region; amphidial fovea spiral with 2.5 turns; males with spicules 1.2 – 1.5 cloacal body diameters long. Twenty or twenty-one fine precloacal supplements. Gubernaculum with a long straight dorso-caudal apophysis, 42 – 47 μm long. Conico-cylindrical tail 1.8 – 2.7 cloacal body diameters long in male and 2.1 – 2.4 cloacal body diameters long in female. Sabatieria crassilonga sp. nov. belongs to the praedatrix group based on amphids with three turns, the presence of pore-like supplements and straight apophysis. An amphid with 2 ¼, 2 ½, 2 ¾, or 3 turns are all considered as three turns (Platt 1985). Within the praedatrix group, Sabatieria crassilonga sp. nov. most resembles S. alata Warwick, 1973, S. coomansi Chen & Vincx, 1999, S. major Yang, Guo, Chen & Lin, 2019, S. triplex Wieser, 1954, and S. palmaris Fadeeva & Belogurov, 1984 in having long body length (2600 – 4012 μm). The new species can be differentiated from S. alata by the ratio of a (23 – 31 vs 36 – 53 in S. alata) and shorter tail (2.1 – 2.4 vs 5.5 cloacal body diameters in S. alata), from S. coomansi by the number of precloacal supplements (20 or 21 vs 23 – 26 in S. coomansi) and shorter tail (2.1 – 2.4 vs 3.3 – 3.6 cloacal body diameters in S. coomansi), from S. major by the shorter body length (2888 – 3613 μm vs 3879 – 4255 μm in S. major) and the lower value of c’ (1.8 – 2.7 vs 2.9 – 3.7 in S. major), from S. triplex by the ratio of a (23 – 31 vs 57 in S. triplex), length of the cephalic setae (0.20 – 0.26 vs 0.50 cbd in S. triplex) and shorter tail (2.1 – 2.4 vs 3.7 cloacal body diameters in S. triplex), and from S. palmaris by the ratio of a (23 – 31 vs 20 – 22 in S. palmaris) and the ratio of c (16 – 18 vs 9 – 11 in S. palmaris). Sabatieria crassilonga sp. nov. is also similar to S. kelletti Platt, 1983 in the celtica group but differs from the latter by the shorter cephalic setae (0.20 – 0.26 vs 0.42 – 0.47 cbd in S. kelletti), lower number of precloacal supplements (20 or 21 vs 21 – 27 in S. kelletti) and the lower value of c’ (1.8 – 2.7 vs 3.6 – 4.3 in S. kelletti).	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
5C595496BF9F566DB9E1712B93EFCC7F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named due to its stout and long body, which derived from Latin crassa (= thick, fat, stout) and longa (= long).	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
4F42972F7F225AFE86081D79294AEF1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Fonseca and Bezerra (2014)). Cuticle with transverse punctation, lateral differentiation of larger regular or irregular punctations may occur. Cephalic sensilla in three distinct circles, cephalic setae longer than the outer labial setae. Anterior buccal cavity cup-shaped, posterior portion narrow, weakly cuticularized. Amphid multi-spiral. Apophyses usually directed dorso-caudally or caudally. Precloacal supplements usually present.	en	Fu, Sujing, Mou, Jianfeng, Liu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyi, Lin, Heshan (2025): Two new species and a new record of Comesomatidae (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from the Southern Ocean. ZooKeys 1244: 121-145, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.135491
