identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7C1E1E35B72EFFE2FCC6F8B3056AFB23.text	7C1E1E35B72EFFE2FCC6F8B3056AFB23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deiphoninae Raymond 1913	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subfamily  Deiphoninae Raymond, 1913</p>
            <p>= Cyrtometopinae Öpik, 1937</p>
            <p> Included genera:  Actinopeltis Hawle &amp; Corda, 1847 ;  Cyrtometopus Angelin, 1854 (=  Ancyginaspis Přibyl and Vaněk in Přibyl et al., 1985);  Ellipsocoryphe Lu, 1975 ;  Deiphon, Barrande, 1850 ;  Hemisphaerocoryphe Reed, 1896 (=  Cyrtometopella Nikolaisen, 1961 );? Hinggania Zhao, Zhang, Cheng and Shu, 1997;  Junggarella Xiang and Zhang in Zhang T., 1981;  Krattaspis Öpik, 1937 ;  Mainbrookia Adrain &amp; Pérez-Peris, 2021 ;  Onycopyge Woodward, 1880 ;  Reraspis Öpik, 1937 ;  Sphaerocoryphe Angelin, 1854 ;?  Zazvorkaspis Přibyl &amp; Vaněk, 1964 . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Glabella moderately inflated with anterior margin anteriorly bowed; anterior border of cranidium dorsally overlapped by glabella and downturned from horizontal; S2 and S3 narrow (tr.) and transversally directed; thoracic pleural furrow slightly oblique at most proximal par, trasnverse distally; second pygidial axial ring not differentiated from pleural field by axial furrow.</p>
            <p> Discussion: Te results obtained suggest that “cyrtometopines” sensu Pärnaste (2003) are a paraphyletic grade at the base of a clade representing  Deiphoninae . Consequently, “Cyrtometopinae” must be considered an invalid group and all the members previously assigned to it are included in  Deiphoninae . Tese results contradict the hypothesis of Lane (1971, 2002), who included the “cyrtometopines” with an anteroposterior pleural constriction within Cheirurinae. Lane (1971, 2002) suggested that the thoracic pleural furrow of “cyrtometopines” and cheirurines are almost identical, though it is distinctively more transversely oriented in “cyrtometopines”. Lane (1971, 2002) also pointed out that the proximal part of the thoracic furrow in the genus  Cyrtometopus runs obliquely from the anterior corner of the pleura as it does in cheirurines. However, in cheirurines the pleural furrow runs obliquely from the anterior corner of the pleura to the most distal region, where it then curves anteriorly. Tis configuration is completely different from the condition seen in deiphonines, which have a pleural furrow running transversely from the most proximal to the most distal part, or with only the most proximal part running obliquely as in  Cyrtometopus and  Krattaspis . Moreover, besides the pleural furrow there are other morphological characters that support the inclusion of “cyrtometopines” within  Deiphoninae : the inflation of the glabella, the greatly bowed anteriorly anterior margin of the glabella, the downturned anterior border of the cranidium and the relatively short (sag.) hypostome.  Krattaspis popovi Pärnaste, 2003 from the Mäeküla and Vassilkovo beds, Billingen Stage (Floian), St. Petesburg Region (Russia), is a perfect example of a “cyrtometopine” with strong similarities to more derived deiphonines. Te glabella of  Krattaspis popovi displays a transglabellar S1 (Pärnaste, 2003, Fig. 6. L-O, p. 248), which is a morphological characteristic of deiphonines such as  Sphaerocoryphe . In addition, the anterior part of the glabella of  Krattaspis popovi is more inflated than the rest of “cyrtometopines”, resembling the glabellar inflation found in  Hemisphaerocoryphe or  Mainbrookia . In summary, all of these morphological features combined with the phylogenetic results, favour the inclusion of “cyrtometopines” within  Deiphoninae . </p>
            <p> Te idea of deiphonines as derived “cyrtometopines” has been suggested since Schmidt (1881), who in his pioneering early work proposed a link between  Cyrtometopus and  Sphaerocoryphe via the species  Hemisphaerocoryphe pseudohemicranium (Nieszkowski, 1859) . Subsequently, Öpik (1937) proposed Cyrtometopinae, recognizing the close link between the two subfamilies and the validity of both of the subfamilies as coherent groupings. Tis view, of deiphonines as derived “cyrtometopines” but recognizing the latter as a valid named group was followed by several subsequent authors (e.g., Pärnaste, 2003; Prantl &amp; Přibyl, 1948; Přibyl et al., 1985). Pärnaste (2003, p. 245) pointed out the necessity of testing the validity of “Cyrtometopinae” within an analysis comparing them with the rest of cheirurid subfamilies. Finally, Adrain and Pérez-Peris (2021) suggested the paraphyly of “cyrtometopines” and their basal position to the deiphonines. Te phylogenetic framework herein supports previous hypotheses of close relationship between  Deiphoninae and “Cyrtometopinae”. However it rejects “cyrtometopines” as a monophyletic group, considering them as a paraphyletic grade. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C1E1E35B72EFFE2FCC6F8B3056AFB23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Peris, Francesc;Adrain, Jonathan M.;Daley, Allison C.	Pérez-Peris, Francesc, Adrain, Jonathan M., Daley, Allison C. (2024): Phylogenetics and systematics of the subfamilies Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae (Trilobita). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (43) 143 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1
7C1E1E35B729FFE3FCC6FB0000FDFCA4.text	7C1E1E35B729FFE3FCC6FB0000FDFCA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deiphonini Raymond 1913	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tribe  Deiphonini Raymond, 1913</p>
            <p> Included genera:  Deiphon, Barrande, 1850 ;  Mainbrookia Adrain &amp; Pérez-Peris, 2021 ;  Onycopyge Woodward, 1880 ;  Sphaerocoryphe Angelin, 1854 . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: One or two prefixigenal spines retained in holaspids; trunk with 13 segments; in late-diverging forms the last thoracic segment attached to the pygidium; pair of ventral projections on the pygidial rim.</p>
            <p> Discussion:  Deiphoninae encompasses a large range of morphological variability. Te Ordovician deiphonines Mainbrookina and  Sphaerocoryphe and the post-Ordovician taxa  Deiphon and  Onycopyge are morphologically highly distinct from the early diverging taxa within the subfamily. Consequently, the synapomorphies that define  Deiphoninae have been transformed in the more derived forms. In order to characterise the deiphonine group that contains the post-Ordovician taxa and its most direct Ordovician relatives, the tribe  Deiphonini is proposed. Both features are synapomorphies of the  Mainbrookia +  Sphaerocoryphe clade and they are found in younger deiphonines. In addition, the retention of the last thoracic segment in the holaspid pygidium is an apomorphy of  Sphaerocoryphe also shared with post-Ordovician forms. Tese features experienced modifications in the shape in the post-Ordovician forms, as for example the prefixigenal spines are placed in a more ventral position, the anterior pygidial segment is no longer morphologically similar to a posterior thoracic segment and the posterior ventral projections are located in a more posterior and dorsal position than in  Mainbrookia and  Sphaerocoryphe . But here there can be no doubt that the structures present in post-Ordovician deiphonines are homologous with the structures present in  Mainbrookia and  Sphaerecoryphe . All these shared characters, together with the strong similarities in the protaspid morphology between  Sphaerocoryphe and  Deiphon (Chatterton, 1980; Chatterton &amp; Perry, 1984), support the relationship of  Mainbrookia and  Sphaerecoryphe with the post-Ordovician forms and the inclusion of all of them in a formally named group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C1E1E35B729FFE3FCC6FB0000FDFCA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Peris, Francesc;Adrain, Jonathan M.;Daley, Allison C.	Pérez-Peris, Francesc, Adrain, Jonathan M., Daley, Allison C. (2024): Phylogenetics and systematics of the subfamilies Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae (Trilobita). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (43) 143 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1
