taxonID	type	description	language	source
7C1E1E35B72EFFE2FCC6F8B3056AFB23.taxon	description	Included genera: Actinopeltis Hawle & Corda, 1847; Cyrtometopus Angelin, 1854 (= Ancyginaspis Přibyl and Vaněk in Přibyl et al., 1985); Ellipsocoryphe Lu, 1975; Deiphon, Barrande, 1850; Hemisphaerocoryphe Reed, 1896 (= Cyrtometopella Nikolaisen, 1961);? Hinggania Zhao, Zhang, Cheng and Shu, 1997; Junggarella Xiang and Zhang in Zhang T., 1981; Krattaspis Öpik, 1937; Mainbrookia Adrain & Pérez-Peris, 2021; Onycopyge Woodward, 1880; Reraspis Öpik, 1937; Sphaerocoryphe Angelin, 1854;? Zazvorkaspis Přibyl & Vaněk, 1964. Diagnosis: Glabella moderately inflated with anterior margin anteriorly bowed; anterior border of cranidium dorsally overlapped by glabella and downturned from horizontal; S 2 and S 3 narrow (tr.) and transversally directed; thoracic pleural furrow slightly oblique at most proximal par, trasnverse distally; second pygidial axial ring not differentiated from pleural field by axial furrow. Discussion: Te results obtained suggest that “ cyrtometopines ” sensu Pärnaste (2003) are a paraphyletic grade at the base of a clade representing Deiphoninae. Consequently, “ Cyrtometopinae ” must be considered an invalid group and all the members previously assigned to it are included in Deiphoninae. Tese results contradict the hypothesis of Lane (1971, 2002), who included the “ cyrtometopines ” with an anteroposterior pleural constriction within Cheirurinae. Lane (1971, 2002) suggested that the thoracic pleural furrow of “ cyrtometopines ” and cheirurines are almost identical, though it is distinctively more transversely oriented in “ cyrtometopines ”. Lane (1971, 2002) also pointed out that the proximal part of the thoracic furrow in the genus Cyrtometopus runs obliquely from the anterior corner of the pleura as it does in cheirurines. However, in cheirurines the pleural furrow runs obliquely from the anterior corner of the pleura to the most distal region, where it then curves anteriorly. Tis configuration is completely different from the condition seen in deiphonines, which have a pleural furrow running transversely from the most proximal to the most distal part, or with only the most proximal part running obliquely as in Cyrtometopus and Krattaspis. Moreover, besides the pleural furrow there are other morphological characters that support the inclusion of “ cyrtometopines ” within Deiphoninae: the inflation of the glabella, the greatly bowed anteriorly anterior margin of the glabella, the downturned anterior border of the cranidium and the relatively short (sag.) hypostome. Krattaspis popovi Pärnaste, 2003 from the Mäeküla and Vassilkovo beds, Billingen Stage (Floian), St. Petesburg Region (Russia), is a perfect example of a “ cyrtometopine ” with strong similarities to more derived deiphonines. Te glabella of Krattaspis popovi displays a transglabellar S 1 (Pärnaste, 2003, Fig. 6. L-O, p. 248), which is a morphological characteristic of deiphonines such as Sphaerocoryphe. In addition, the anterior part of the glabella of Krattaspis popovi is more inflated than the rest of “ cyrtometopines ”, resembling the glabellar inflation found in Hemisphaerocoryphe or Mainbrookia. In summary, all of these morphological features combined with the phylogenetic results, favour the inclusion of “ cyrtometopines ” within Deiphoninae. Te idea of deiphonines as derived “ cyrtometopines ” has been suggested since Schmidt (1881), who in his pioneering early work proposed a link between Cyrtometopus and Sphaerocoryphe via the species Hemisphaerocoryphe pseudohemicranium (Nieszkowski, 1859). Subsequently, Öpik (1937) proposed Cyrtometopinae, recognizing the close link between the two subfamilies and the validity of both of the subfamilies as coherent groupings. Tis view, of deiphonines as derived “ cyrtometopines ” but recognizing the latter as a valid named group was followed by several subsequent authors (e. g., Pärnaste, 2003; Prantl & Přibyl, 1948; Přibyl et al., 1985). Pärnaste (2003, p. 245) pointed out the necessity of testing the validity of “ Cyrtometopinae ” within an analysis comparing them with the rest of cheirurid subfamilies. Finally, Adrain and Pérez-Peris (2021) suggested the paraphyly of “ cyrtometopines ” and their basal position to the deiphonines. Te phylogenetic framework herein supports previous hypotheses of close relationship between Deiphoninae and “ Cyrtometopinae ”. However it rejects “ cyrtometopines ” as a monophyletic group, considering them as a paraphyletic grade.	en	Pérez-Peris, Francesc, Adrain, Jonathan M., Daley, Allison C. (2024): Phylogenetics and systematics of the subfamilies Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae (Trilobita). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (43) 143 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1
7C1E1E35B729FFE3FCC6FB0000FDFCA4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: One or two prefixigenal spines retained in holaspids; trunk with 13 segments; in late-diverging forms the last thoracic segment attached to the pygidium; pair of ventral projections on the pygidial rim. Discussion: Deiphoninae encompasses a large range of morphological variability. Te Ordovician deiphonines Mainbrookina and Sphaerocoryphe and the post-Ordovician taxa Deiphon and Onycopyge are morphologically highly distinct from the early diverging taxa within the subfamily. Consequently, the synapomorphies that define Deiphoninae have been transformed in the more derived forms. In order to characterise the deiphonine group that contains the post-Ordovician taxa and its most direct Ordovician relatives, the tribe Deiphonini is proposed. Both features are synapomorphies of the Mainbrookia + Sphaerocoryphe clade and they are found in younger deiphonines. In addition, the retention of the last thoracic segment in the holaspid pygidium is an apomorphy of Sphaerocoryphe also shared with post-Ordovician forms. Tese features experienced modifications in the shape in the post-Ordovician forms, as for example the prefixigenal spines are placed in a more ventral position, the anterior pygidial segment is no longer morphologically similar to a posterior thoracic segment and the posterior ventral projections are located in a more posterior and dorsal position than in Mainbrookia and Sphaerocoryphe. But here there can be no doubt that the structures present in post-Ordovician deiphonines are homologous with the structures present in Mainbrookia and Sphaerecoryphe. All these shared characters, together with the strong similarities in the protaspid morphology between Sphaerocoryphe and Deiphon (Chatterton, 1980; Chatterton & Perry, 1984), support the relationship of Mainbrookia and Sphaerecoryphe with the post-Ordovician forms and the inclusion of all of them in a formally named group.	en	Pérez-Peris, Francesc, Adrain, Jonathan M., Daley, Allison C. (2024): Phylogenetics and systematics of the subfamilies Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae (Trilobita). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (43) 143 (1): 1-19, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1
