identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
825C87C8C92E176E38C023986D2501D0.text	825C87C8C92E176E38C023986D2501D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus , Yan 2000	<div><p>Magnificus Yan, 2000</p><p>Type-species: Magnificus jiuzhiensis Yan, 2000, by original designation.</p><p>Monophyly supported by unique tergosternal sclerite comprising a sub-parallel sided, crescent shaped, tergosternal bar (Grehan et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92E176E38C023986D2501D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92E176E38C025546FA70378.text	825C87C8C92E176E38C025546FA70378.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus bouvieri (Oberthur 1913)	<div><p>Magnificus bouvieri (Oberthür, 1913: 671) (Fig. 5 (HT))</p><p>Tyle locality: China, Sichuan, Tâ-tsien-lou [Kangding] .</p><p>Type depository: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.</p><p>Generic placement: Grehan et al. (2021).</p><p>Distinguishing features: Single male holotype with white hindwings and irregular mottled forewing pattern (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92E176E38C025546FA70378	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92E176E38C026586DF40274.text	825C87C8C92E176E38C026586DF40274.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus dirschi (Bang-Haas 1939) Eut	<div><p>Magnificus dirschi (Bang-Haas, 1939: 59) (Fig. 8 (HT))</p><p>Type locality: China, Kansu, Liangtschou .</p><p>Type depository: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.</p><p>Generic placement: Grehan et al. (2021).</p><p>Distinguishing features: Single male holotype with reddish-brown hindwings and irregular mottled forewing including near-linear white premarginal line (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92E176E38C026586DF40274	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92F176F38C021FC6BE60710.text	825C87C8C92F176F38C021FC6BE60710.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus jiuzhiensis Yan 2000	<div><p>Magnificus jiuzhiensis Yan, 2000: 1</p><p>Type locality: China, Qinghai, Jiuzhi Dehelong, 3,800–3,900 m a.s.l.</p><p>Type depository: Department of Grassland, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai, China.</p><p>Generic placement: Yan (2000)</p><p>Distinguishing features: Oblique white band between apex and approximating junction of M1–M2, similar to M. zhiduoensis, but with white oblique banding or lines across anterior discal cell (Grehan et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92F176F38C021FC6BE60710	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92F176F38C022E06B0D062C.text	825C87C8C92F176F38C022E06B0D062C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus miniatus (Chu & Wang 1985)	<div><p>Magnificus miniatus (Chu &amp; Wang, 1985: 229),</p><p>Type locality: China, Hubei, Shennongjia .</p><p>Type depository: Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China.</p><p>Generic placement: Grehan et al. (2021).</p><p>Distinguishing features: Forewings with pale yellowish shading and dark greyish brown oblique and sub-linear band from base of central discal cell to base of Rs4-M 1 cell (Grehan et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92F176F38C022E06B0D062C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92F176F38C023E46BC9010C.text	825C87C8C92F176F38C023E46BC9010C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus regius (Staudinger 1896)	<div><p>Magnificus regius (Staudinger, 1896: 301) (Fig. 6a (HT))</p><p>= Phassus regius rubellus (Bang-Haas, 1939) (Fig. 6b (HT), 6c)</p><p>Type locality: China, Xizang province, Kukunoor [Kuku Noor lake] .</p><p>Type depository: not located, although the Staudinger collection is in Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.</p><p>Generic placement: Grehan et al. (2021).</p><p>Distinguishing features: Mottled forewings with prominent whitish-brown postdiscal transverse band extending from posterior margin and bifurcating near the outer costal margin and apex (Grehan et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92F176F38C023E46BC9010C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92F176F38C024C46C2C0008.text	825C87C8C92F176F38C024C46C2C0008.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus roseus (Oberthur 1911)	<div><p>Magnificus roseus (Oberthür, 1911: 325)</p><p>Type locality: China: Xizang [Tibet], eastern border .</p><p>Type depository: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.</p><p>Generic placement: Grehan et al. (2021).</p><p>Distinguishing features: Forewings with dark greyish brown shading of outer half of anterior discal cell nd basal Rs4-M1 cell. Rose coloured hindwings (Grehan et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92F176F38C024C46C2C0008	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92F176F38C026CC6CC40200.text	825C87C8C92F176F38C026CC6CC40200.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus zhiduoensis Yan 2000	<div><p>Magnificus zhiduoensis Yan, 2000</p><p>Type locality: China: Qinghai, Zhiduo Deer Farm [Zhiduo County], 4,400–4,600 m a.s.l.</p><p>Type depository: Department of Grassland, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai, China.</p><p>Generic placement: Yan (2000).</p><p>Distinguishing features: Forewing reddish brown with oblique white band between apex and approximating junction of M1-M2, and white basal half of central discal cell (Grehan et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92F176F38C026CC6CC40200	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C928176B38C020B16C0F0048.text	825C87C8C928176B38C020B16C0F0048.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus florianii Saldaitis & Prozorov 2025	<div><p>Magnificus florianii Saldaitis &amp; Prozorov, sp. nov.</p><p>[Dulong Red Bat Moth ḋǖũøś]</p><p>(Figs 1a–d, 9a–b, 10f, h, 11a–b, 12a–b, 13a–b, 15a, 16a)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Figs 1a–b): /Cina [China], W Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.46361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.84389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.46361/lat 27.84389)">Dulong Valley</a>, mt 2900, 27°50'38"N, 98°27'49"E, 17 luglio [July] 2017, A. Floriani leg. / Coll. Floriani / Prozorov Preparat. Loan 2023 0531/ HT florianii; WIGJ.</p><p>Paratype. 2 ♀, same collection data as holotype. Prozorov Preparat. Loan 2023 0530 (GMF-B), (ASV); 1 ♀, Cina [China], W. Yunnan, Salween [Niu Jiang] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.86222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.916388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.86222/lat 26.916388)">Valley</a>, 5 km West Fugong, mt 1500, 26°54'59"N, 98°51'44"E, 21 luglio [July] 2017, A. Floriani leg (ASV collection) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Similar to M. ignatevi sp. nov. and Magnificus miniatus (Chu &amp; Wang, 1985), with a central longitudinal, curved dark brown line on the forewing. Distinguished from these species by hindwing being entirely white (other than yellowish-orange fringe) instead of darker shading towards apex in M. ignatevi sp. nov. and darker shading with some dorsal pattern near costa in M. miniatus . Venation oxycanine.</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 1a–b). Wingspan: ~ 63 mm; forewing length: 31 mm, width: 13 mm; hindwing length: 25 mm, width: 12 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig 9a). Covered with yellowish-brown scales. Eyes prominent, at least ¾ head width in dorsal view, vertex narrow. Palps not dissected. Antenna filiform with ~ 22 flagellomeres.</p><p>Thorax. Body and legs covered with yellowish-brown scales. Venation oxycanine (Rs3 intersecting common stalk of Rs1+Rs2). Forewing: Sc and R veins spaced well apart, single posterior basal vein as CuP (Fig. 11a). Majority forewing scales sub-circular ovoid, lamellar, apically convex narrowing to point (Figs 11g –h for M. ignatevi sp. nov.). Dorsal forewing ground color pale yellowish-grey with pale darker golden-yellow shading, with darker areas of yellowish-brown shading, including a prominent dark band over outer 2/3 of anterior cubital cell with narrower band extending to central M1, terminating in a longitudinal white band. Irregular shaped pale white patches and bands scattered along costal region, parallel to outer margin, and between A vein and posterior margin. Anterior discal cell with oblique pale white band adjacent to dark shaded region, and a basal pale white semi-circle (Figs 12a–b). Hindwing; pale greyish-white with yellowish-brown marginal scales.</p><p>Pregenital abdomen (Fig. 10f). Tergum VIII trapezoid, narrowing posteriorly, margins almost straight; sternum VIII subrectangular, expanding posteriorly with pointed lateral apices and concave posterior margin, anterior margin with narrow, strongly sclerotized patch each side of median.</p><p>Genitalia (Figs 13a–b). Pseudotegumen broad, anogenital rim smooth, pseudoteguminal arms short, narrow, meeting medially.Tegumen weakly sclerotized, sub-triangular, medially diffuse.Valva setose, C-shaped; sacculus and distal valva subequal length, apex rounded. Fultura superior weakly sclerotized, forming four ovoid-subrectangular quadrants. Saccus strongly sclerotized, narrow, anterior margin rounded, posterior margin with prominent triangular process.</p><p>Female (Figs 1c–d). Wingspan: ~ 65–71 mm; forewing length: 32-38 mm, width: 13–15 mm; hindwing length: 25–30 mm, width: 12–13 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 9b). Covered with yellowish-brown piliform scales. Eyes similar in size to male (Fig. 9b), vertex narrow. Antenna as for male.</p><p>Thorax. Body and legs covered with yellowish-brown scales. Wings as for holotype male with following differences: vein A on hindwing in addition to CuP, and slightly shorter Rs1 and Rs2 from common branch (Fig. 11b). Dorsal forewing lacking extension of dark shading from anterior cubital cell along M1; white patches and bands slightly different in shape or extent, notably the white banding within the anterior discal cell crossing transversely and along Rs; longitudinal white patch basally in the M 1 -M 2 cell instead of the Rs4-M 1 cell (Fig. 12b). Hindwing; as for male (Fig. 1d).</p><p>Pregenital abdomen (Fig. 10h). Tergum VIII weakly sclerotized, about half size of TVII, SVIII and SVII weakly or unsclerotized.</p><p>Genitalia (Figs 15a, 16a). Dorsal plate (tergum IX) with shallow anal papillae and glabrous basal junction with lamella antevaginalis. Subanal plates unsclerotized and indistinct. Lateral lobe of lamella antevaginalis with strongly sclerotized corner at junction with dorsal plate, lateral and medial lobes weakly sclerotized, lightly setose, with raised subrectangular medial dorsal margin. Ductus bursae about 1/3 length of corpus bursae, latter an elongate bulb with possible medial construction (or this is an artifact of preparation).</p><p>Habitat and Phenology (Figs 19a–d) Single male and three females were collected at ultraviolet light in July, 2017 in the Nu Jiang (Salween) and Dulong river valleys in the northwestern part of China’s Yunnan Province. The new species was collected at altitudes of approximately 1,500–2,900 m in primary mountain mixed forest, dominated by various deciduous trees, bamboo, and bushes.</p><p>Etymology. Named for Alessandro Floriani (Milan, Italy), who collected Hepialidae in China. A noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Distribution. Known from western Yunnan, Dulong &amp; Niu Jiang Valleys, China (Fig. 17).</p><p>Remarks. The oxycanine venation arrangement in M. florianii sp. nov. contrasts with the hepialine venation of all other described Magnificus species. Venation for female 0531 shows a distal bifurcation of vein Rs3, but the second paratype has the normal non-bifurcated condition.</p><p>Magnificus florianii Saldaitis &amp; Prozorov, sp. nov.</p><p>Type locality: China, west Yunnan, Dulong Valley, 2,900 m a.s.l.</p><p>Type depository: World Insect Gallery, Joniškis, Lithuania.</p><p>Generic placement: Current paper.</p><p>Distinguishing features: Reddish-brown shading on anterior discal cell distal to transverse white line (Figs 12a–b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C928176B38C020B16C0F0048	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C92B176438C025E56B8906B8.text	825C87C8C92B176438C025E56B8906B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus ignatevi Grehan & C. Mielke 2025	<div><p>Magnificus ignatevi Grehan &amp; C. Mielke, sp. nov.</p><p>[Tiger Hill Red Bat Moth टाइगर हिल रातो चमेरे मोथ]</p><p>(Figs 2a–b, 9c, 10a–c, g, 11c, g–h, 12c, 14a–d)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Figs 2a–b): / INDIEN WB, 2400 m, Darjeeling, Tigerhill, 10.-12.VII.1986, leg. W. Thomas; ZSM.</p><p>Diagnosis. Similar to M. florianii sp. nov. and M. miniatus by presence of central longitudinal, curved dark brown line on the forewing. Distinguished from these species by yellowish-brown shading towards apex of hindwing, compared with homogenous white hindwings of M. florianii sp. nov., and yellowish-brown hindwings of M. miniatus .</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 2a–b). Wingspan: ~ 48 mm; forewing length: 25 mm, width: 11 mm; hindwing length: 20 mm, width: 10 mm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 9c, 10a). Covered with yellowish-brown piliform scales. Eyes prominent, at least ¾ head width in dorsal view, vertex narrow. Antenna with 20 flagellomeres. Labial palps single segmented, twice as long as wide, variation in width possibly indicative of fusion. Vom Rath’s organ not evident (Fig. 10a).</p><p>Thorax. Body and legs covered with pale reddish-brown scales. Venation (Fig. 11c) as for female M. florianii sp. nov. Dorsal forewing ground color pale golden-yellow with scattered darker shading and scattered ovoid spots edged with brown (Fig. 12c); narrow, bright white lines towards apex, bifurcating at apex between Rs1-Rs2, along outer margin between veins, and between costal margin and Sc; dark brown shading forming longitudinal band across anterior cubital cell; central dorsal scales lamellar, ovoid with blunt distal point (Figs 11g –h). Dorsal hindwing; pale yellowish white basally and centrally, darker yellowish-brown towards apex, yellowish-brown marginal scales. Ventral fore and hindwing pale yellowish-brown (Fig. 2b).</p><p>Legs (Fig. 10b): meta-leg length subequal to pro-leg, leg length ratio pro: meso: meta: 1: 1.2: 0.9.</p><p>Pregenital abdomen (Figs 10c, 10g). Anterior portions of tergum and sternum II, including the tergosternal sclerite, not recovered intact, tergum II with lateral ridge, sternum III strongly sclerotized (Fig. 10c). Tergum and sternum VIII weakly sclerotized, sternum SVIII sub-rectangular, slightly wider posteriorly posterior margin convex, anterior margin with narrow strongly sclerotized patch each side of median (Fig. 10g)</p><p>Genitalia (Figs 14a–d). Pseudotegumen broad, anogenital rim smooth other than short, sclerotized posteroventral process, pseudoteguminal arms narrow, elongate, meeting medially. Tegumen weakly sclerotized, narrow sub-triangular, medially diffuse. Valva setose, C-shaped; sacculus and distal valva subequal length, apex rounded. Fultura superior weakly sclerotized, rectangular, longer than wide, fultura inferior rectangular less sclerotized, posterior margin rounded with broad, shallow medial concavity. Saccus strongly sclerotized, narrow, anterior margin founded, posterior margin with deeply incised medially with shallow triangular process either side.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat and Phenology. Habitat unknown. Within region of forested hills (Joseph 2018). The July record corresponds to the month of highest precipitation and within a range of highest temperatures during the peak monsoon period (Sahu et al. 2025).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Nikolai Ignatev for his contributions to the taxonomy of Hepialidae . A noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the type locality only, Tiger Hill, Darjeeling, India (Fig. 17).</p><p>Magnificus ignatevi Grehan &amp; C. Mielke, sp. nov.</p><p>Type locality: India, West Bengal, Darjeeling, Tigerhill, 2,400 m a.s.l.</p><p>Type depository: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany.</p><p>Generic placement: Current paper.</p><p>Distinguishing features: Narrow submarginal white bands between veins from R to Rs4 of forewing, bifurcating at apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C92B176438C025E56B8906B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
825C87C8C924176638C024746A1704DC.text	825C87C8C924176638C024746A1704DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnificus shaosiming Z. - B. Xu & Y. Duan 2025	<div><p>Magnificus shaosiming Z.-B. Xu &amp; Y. Duan, sp. nov.</p><p>[Shaosiming Red bat moth 少司命ũøś]</p><p>(Figs 3a–c, 9d–e, 10d–e, 11d, 15b, 16b)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀ (Figs 3a–c): / China, S. Shaanxi, Ankang, Ningshan, Zaofanggou, 1450 m, 22.VI.2023, Yang Duan leg.; CAU.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other described Magnificus species by presence of pale yellowish-white sub-ovoid patch in the anterior discal cell, and trapezoid yellowish-white patch on posterior discal cell of the forewing. Wing pattern is most similar to M. ignatevi sp. nov. with a pale yellow central discal cell and two yellowish transverse bands on posterior discal cell.</p><p>Description. Female (Figs 3a–c). Wingspan: ~ 56 mm; forewing length: 29 mm, width: 13 mm; hindwing length: 25 mm, width: 12 mm.</p><p>Head (Figs 9d–e). Covered with reddish-brown scales. Eyes bulbous, slightly less than 2/3 head width in dorsal view. Antenna with 18 flagellomeres covered with numerous sensilla trichodea. Scape and pedicel subcylindrical, about 1/3 wider than flagellomeres, scape slightly wider distally than pedicel. Flagellomeres sub-rectangular, slightly wider than long, segments pale reddish brown other than black terminal segment.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 3a–c). Body and legs covered with pale reddish-brown scales. Forewing with shallow convex costal margin, outer margin almost straight, merging as a broad tornus to shallow convex edge of posterior margin. Venation (Fig. 11d) with central discal cell subequal to length of posterior discal cell. Dorsal forewing worn, ground color pale to dark reddish-brown. Anterior discal cell with sub-ovoid pale yellowish-white patch, and posterior discal cell with trapezoid yellowish-white patch. Other markings indistinct due to extensive loss of scales. Hindwing dorsal and ventral surface variably shaded with pale greyish-brown with pale reddish-brown shading along outer and posterior margins.</p><p>Pregenital abdomen (Figs 10d–e). Reddish-brown. Anterior sclerites only partially recovered, tergum II broadly rectangular; lateral ridge strongly sclerotized, anteriorly bifurcated along lateral and latero-posterior edges of the apodemal plate, anterior margin with strongly sclerotized ridge. Tergosternal bar elongate, narrow, ventrally wider (Fig. 10d). Posterior tergites weakly sclerotized, sternum VII and VIII unsclerotized or weakly so (Fig. 10e).</p><p>Genitalia (Figs 15b, 16b). Dorsal plate without projecting anal papillae. Lamella antevaginalis laterally narrow, strongly sclerotized, medial lobe not visible in dissection due to strong staining; subanal plates strongly sclerotized, narrowing medially. Bursa copulatrix with ductus bursae 2/3 total length, merging with piriform corpus bursae (Fig. 15b).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Habitat and phenology. Specimens were collected in late spring, with cool conditions prevailing during the preceding nights. On the night of collection, temperatures increased and conditions became very humid. The collection site was located at 100 above sea level (a.s.l.), in the parking lot of the Laoshan Doushu Temple trailhead. The surrounding topography is of low relief and represents a transitional environment from the coastal plains to low hills. The adjacent forests are dense and dominated by species of deciduous broad-leaved trees, such as Salicaceae, Maclura tricuspidata ( Moraceae), Fortunearia sinensis ( Hamamelidaceae), and Pteroceltis tatarinowii ( Cannabaceae) (Figs 19e–f).</p><p>Etymology. Named for Shaosiming (少司命, The Young Goddess of Birth). This is the deity of the Chu State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770–221 BC) in China. She is in charge of nature and the reproduction of living things. A noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the type locality only Zaofanggou, southern Shaanxi (Figs 17, 19e–f).</p><p>Magnificus shaosiming Z.-B. Xu &amp; Y. Duan, sp. nov.</p><p>Type locality: China, southern Shaanxi, Ankang, Ningshan, Zaofanggou, 1450 m a.s.l.</p><p>Type depository: China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.</p><p>Generic placement: Current article.</p><p>Distinguishing features: Forewing with pale yellowish-white sub-ovoid patch in the anterior discal cell, and trapezoid yellowish-white patch on posterior discal cell.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/825C87C8C924176638C024746A1704DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grehan, John R.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Ignatev, Nikolai;Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Duan, Yang;Dūda, Juozas	Grehan, John R., Saldaitis, Aidas, Prozorov, Alexey M., Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Ignatev, Nikolai, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Xu, Zhen-Bang, Duan, Yang, Dūda, Juozas (2025): Three new species of the ghost moth Magnificus Yan from China and India (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae). Zootaxa 5679 (4): 552-572, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.4.5
