taxonID	type	description	language	source
8B1D87FCFFDB616BFD406F92FEECFD84.taxon	description	The species in the genus Didelotia are characterised by their inflorescence and flower morphology. The main axis of the inflorescence is long, slender and pendant, with short, densely flowered, lateral axes, inserted alternately along the main axis. The usually 5 - merous flower has two valvate bracteoles, triangular sepals, linear petals, 5 stamens and 5 filiform staminodes. The pod has 1 – 2 often indistinct longitudinal veins. The number of pairs of leaflets of Didelotia species shows a large inter-specific variability, as is often the case in the larger African genera of the Legume tribe Detarieae. The leaves can be unifoliolate (Didelotia idae, D. unifoliolata J. Léonard); bifoliolate (D. africana Baill., D. letouzeyi Pellegr.); 3 – 7 - jugate (D. afzelii, D. engleri Dinkl. & Harms, D. ledermannii; as well as the new species presented here) or 8 – 35 - jugate (D. brevipaniculata J. Léonard, D. minutiflora (A. Chev.) J. Léonard, D. morelii and D. pauli­sitai).	en	Burgt, X. M. van der (2016): Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), two new tree species from Korup National Park in Cameroon. Blumea 61 (1): 51-58, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X691402, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x691402
8B1D87FCFFDB616EFE0F6B30FF7FF89C.taxon	description	Tree, to c. 15 m tall. Stem to 30 (– 53) cm diam, often leaning, stem base conical. Bark dull dark brown, smooth; lenticels small, corky, concolorous or lighter in colour. Twigs puberulent to glabrescent, hairs erect, yellowish brown, to 0.2 mm long. Stipules in fused pairs, intrapetiolar, caducous, lanceolate, 6 – 11 by 4 – 6 mm, with parallel veins; densely puberulent, hairs to 0.2 mm long, distal part inside glabrous; apex bilobed, both lobes acute. Leaves paripinnate, to 35 by 25 cm, with 3 – 5 pairs of opposite leaflets; petiole 3 – 10 mm long, 1.5 – 4 mm diam, puberulent, hairs to 0.2 mm long; a pair of caducous gland-like small basal leaflets inserted laterally on the petiole, 1 – 2 mm long; leaf rachis (2 –) 6 – 20 cm long, puberulent; petiolules 1 – 3 mm long on proximal part, 2 – 4 mm long on distal part, puberulent. Leaflets elliptic, (4 –) 7 – 18 by (1.5 –) 3 – 6 cm, base oblique, cuneate to obtuse, apex attenuate, finely emarginated; both sides dull to somewhat glossy, concolorous; upper surface glabrous, lower surface sparsely appressed puberulent, hairs to 0.2 mm long; midrib puberulent above with hairs to 0.3 mm long, below prominent and sparsely puberulent; 10 – 15 pairs of secondary veins. No glands seen on leaflets. Inflorescence axillary, sometimes terminal, pendant; c. 7 basal bud scales, broadly ovate, progressively becoming larger, to 12 by 9 mm, veins parallel, apex bilobed, densely puberulent outside, golden brown hairs to 0.1 mm long, glabrous inside; main axis of inflorescence light green, (4 –) 12 – 30 cm long by 1 – 2 mm diam, densely puberulent, golden brown hairs to 0.2 mm long; peduncle 1.5 – 4 cm long, internodes 1 – 3 cm long; 5 – 17 lateral axes, alternate, light green, 2 – 25 mm long by 2 mm diam, densely puberulent, hairs to 0.2 mm long, 15 – 18 flowers per cm; bract at base of lateral axis resembling a bud scale, 9 – 11 by 7 – 9 mm; 4 colleters inserted outside the bract, deep purple, partly puberulent, c. 2 by 1 by 0.7 mm, the two middle colleters each with a linear appendage 1 – 3 mm long. Flowers: floral bract caducous, broadly ovate, 3 – 5 by 2 – 4 mm, puberulent outside, hairs to 0.2 mm long, glabrous inside; pedicel pink, 5 – 10 mm long, puberulent, hairs to 0.2 mm long; bracteoles 2, elliptic, greenish light pink on both sides, 5 by 4 mm, outside puberulent, inside glabrous, nerves parallel; receptacle 1 mm high, 3 mm diam at the top, glabrous; disk yellow, 3 mm diam, 1 mm high, glabrous, centre depressed; sepals 5, pink, triangular, 1 – 2 mm wide by 0.5 – 1 mm high, glabrous; petals 5, alternate to the sepals, red, linear-lanceolate, 4 – 6 by 0.3 mm, glabrous; stamens 5, alternate to the petals; filaments red, glabrous, 13 – 15 mm long; anthers dark red, 2 by 1.2 mm, glabrous; staminodes 5, red, filiform, 3 – 4 mm long, glabrous, alternate to the stamens; ovary green, 3 by 1.2 by 0.4 mm, margins densely hirsute, sides hirsute, hairs to 0.3 mm long; 5 – 7 ovules; stipe 0.5 mm long, glabrous; style red, 11 – 15 mm long, proximal part sparsely hirsute, distal part glabrous; stigma capitate. Infructescence pendulous, to 32 cm long, with 1 – 4 fruits. Fruits oblong-rectangular, dull, glabrous, 1 – 7 - seeded, 9 – 15.5 by 3.5 – 4.5 cm, valve 1.5 mm thick, beak to 1 mm long, sutures not winged; a single longitudinal vein running from the base to the apex, more or less equidistant to both sutures. Distribution — Endemic to Korup National Park in Cameroon (Fig. 3). The species has only been recorded in and near the permanent plots along the P transect in the southern part of this park. Habit — Understory tree. The stem is often leaning; the stems of two of the known trees had fallen to the ground, after which two or three stem shoots on each tree grew to a diam of 10 – 15 cm. Habitat — Rain forest dominated by trees in the Detarieae tribe of the Legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae, on well-drained sandy and sometimes rocky soil, at 100 m altitude. Additional material. CAMEROON, Southwest Region, Korup National Park, NW plot near P transect, subplots 42 XN, 42 WN and 43 WN, twigs with fruits, X. M. van der Burgt 952 (BR, G, K, MO, P, SCA, WAG, YA), 28 May 2007. Conservation status — Didelotia korupensis is assessed here according to IUCN (2015) criterion D as Endangered (EN D). The new species is only known from an area of rain forest of c. 1600 m by 3000 m (c. 4 km 2), where 51 trees over 10 cm stem diam of D. korupensis have been recorded so far (see above). These 51 trees are mature. Although much of the forest in south Korup remains unexplored for this species, the number of mature trees might be lower than 250 because the species is not common in the area where it is found, and thus the category Endangered applies. IUCN criteria A, B and C were not used to evaluate the species, because there is no evidence of population reduction or decline in the past. Decline in the future is a possibility; see the conservation assessment of the other species in this article. Notes — The permanent plots along the P transect, inside and near which D. korupensis has been found, have a total area of 155.75 ha. Of the 3 181 trees ≥ 50 cm stem diam in these plots, only one tree, of 53 cm stem diam, was identified as D. korupensis. Trees between 10 and 50 cm diam were registered in 56 randomly located subplots within the plots (area of each subplot 0.25 ha; total area of all 56 subplots 14 ha). Of the 5 755 registered trees between 10 and 50 cm diam, 27 trees (in 12 subplots) were identified as D. korupensis. During random surveying 23 additional trees over 10 cm stem diam were recorded in and near the plots. Therefore, at present a total of 51 D. korupensis trees are known. More trees are un- doubtedly present inside and near the plots; however, D. korupensis trees are absent from most of the forest within the plots (Van der Burgt pers. obs.). Stem diam measurements are available for 25 trees: four trees were measured in the years 1991 and 2015 (24.7 years apart) and 21 trees in the years 2003 and 2015 (average 12.0 years apart). The average annual diam increment of the 25 trees is 1.13 mm / y. The three fastest growing trees had grown c. 3.0 mm / y. Four trees had grown only c. 0.1 mm / y in c. 12 years; indicating that individual trees of D. korupensis may hardly grow at all for at least 12 years, presumably waiting for better growth conditions. Low increments like these are typical for many understory tree species in Korup National Park (Newbery & Van der Burgt unpubl. data).	en	Burgt, X. M. van der (2016): Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), two new tree species from Korup National Park in Cameroon. Blumea 61 (1): 51-58, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X691402, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x691402
8B1D87FCFFDE616EFD406E0BF802FDBE.taxon	description	The genus Tessmannia is characterised by leaflets glossy on both sides, with prominent venation and densely covered in translucent dots. The number of leaflets varies from bifoliolate in T. copallifera J. Léonard to 14 – 30 foliolate in T. anomala (Micheli) Harms. The flower has small caducous bracteoles which do not envelope the flower bud; 4 sepals completely enveloping the flower bud, one of which consist of two fused sepals; 5 large white or pink petals; 10 stamens of which 9 are united at the base; and relatively small, round to elliptic fruits, with a smooth to verrucose surface (Léonard 1952).	en	Burgt, X. M. van der (2016): Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), two new tree species from Korup National Park in Cameroon. Blumea 61 (1): 51-58, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X691402, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x691402
8B1D87FCFFDE616DFE0F6B6AFC37F981.taxon	description	Tree, to 39 m tall. Stem to 105 cm diam, straight, cylindrical. Buttresses to 1 m high. Bark dark grey-brown, with small vertical fissures. Twigs glabrous. Stipules caducous, not seen on mature trees; stipules on an 11 m tall juvenile tree in pairs, green, glabrous, asymmetrically ovate, 7 – 11 by 4 – 7 mm. Leaves to 28 by 22 cm, glabrous, with (2 –) 4 – 6 alternate leaflets; petiole 3 – 7 mm long, 2 – 3 mm diam; leaf rachis 5 – 11 cm long. Leaflets elliptic, 6 – 18 by 3 – 9 cm; petiolules 2 – 4 mm long; leaflet base obtuse, apex acuminate, to 10 mm long; both sides slightly glossy and identical in colour, or slightly darker below; 8 – 12 pairs of secondary veins. Leaflets dotted with translucent dots, one dot of 0.2 mm diam and 3 – 10 dots c. 0.1 mm diam in each areole. Glands 5 – 12 per leaflet, 0.25 – 0.4 mm diam, placed near the petiolule and near the margin. Inflorescence unknown. Flowers: bract at base of pedicel not seen; bracteoles 2, caducous, not seen, inserted at 0 – 1 mm and 2 – 4 mm from the base of the pedicel; pedicel green, 18 – 38 mm long, puberulent, dense erect hairs to 0.1 mm long, mixed with sparse appressed hairs to 0.3 mm long; sepals 4, outside green, puberulent, dense erect hairs to 0.1 mm long, mixed with sparse appressed hairs to 0.3 mm long; inside densely hirsute with appressed hairs to 1 mm long; edges glabrous; the adaxial sepal broadly elliptic, consisting of two fused sepals, apex often split, 12 – 17 mm long by 10 – 12 mm wide; the other 3 sepals narrowly elliptic, 12 – 17 by 5 – 8 mm; petals 5, alternate to the sepals, pink; oblanceolate, adaxial petal c. 25 by 10 mm, the other 4 petals 35 – 40 by 15 – 20 mm, including claw of 5 – 8 mm long; midvein of petals densely appressed hairy on both sides, hairs light brown, to 2 mm long, mature petals glabrescent; stamens 10, in two whorls of 5, the adaxial stamen free, the proximal 2 – 4 mm of the filaments of the other 9 stamens united; filaments pink, outer 5 filaments 32 – 40 mm long, inner 5 filaments 25 – 30 mm long; lower 5 mm of filaments densely appressed hairy, hairs light brown, to 2 mm long, mature filaments glabrescent; anthers orange, c. 5 by 1 mm, glabrous; ovary light brown, c. 12 by 5 by 2 mm, densely hirsute, light brown hairs to 1 mm long; 4 – 5 ovules; stipe 2 mm long, densely hirsute; style pink, 22 – 28 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate. Infructescence unknown. Fruits obovate, dull, dark brown, smooth, puberulent, erect hairs to 0.3 mm long, woody, 6 – 11 by 3.5 – 7 cm, valve 2 – 3 mm thick, stipe 6 – 8 mm long, upper suture winged, 5 – 10 mm wide on each valve, beak 2 – 4 mm long; fruits contain 1 – 2 seeds and are explosively dehiscent. Seedlings: hypocotyl 10 – 15 cm, epicotyl 4.5 – 8 cm long, both with sparse hairs to 0.1 mm; first two leaves opposite, petiole 0.8 – 2 cm long, sparse hairs to 0.1 mm; 1 pair of opposite leaflets 6 – 9 by 2.5 – 3.5 cm, glabrous; petiolules 1 – 2 mm long, sparse hairs to 0.1 mm. Distribution — Endemic to the Southwest Region in Cameroon (Fig. 3); recorded in and near the permanent plots along the P transect in the southern part of Korup National Park and from a single collection made in the lowland rain forest on the western side of Mt Cameroon at c. 75 km distance to the type locality. Habit — Canopy tree from rain forest. The bark has small vertical fissures (Fig. 5 b), similar to the bark of the other species of Tessmannia. Habitat — Rain forest dominated by trees in the Detarieae tribe of the Legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae, on well-drained sandy and sometimes rocky soil, at 100 – 200 m altitude. Additional material. CAMEROON, Southwest Region, Korup National Park, P extension plot, subplot 24 UN, trees PE 8293 and PE 8295, N 5 ° 00 ' 55.0 " E 8 ° 47 ' 25.9 ", 100 m, fruits, X. M. van der Burgt 707 (BR, G, K, MO, P, SCA, WAG, YA), 7 Sept. 2004; subplot 24 UN, tree PE 8293, flowers, X. M. van der Burgt 943 (K, MO, WAG, YA), 25 May 2007; near P transect, c. 1.5 km south of Science Camp, along the stream passing through the camp, sterile, X. M. van der Burgt 1123 (BR, G, K, MO, P, SCA, WAG, YA), 19 Feb. 2008; Southwest Region, Mt Cameroon, Liwenyi, around Likenge village, sterile, P. Tchouto 515 (K), 18 Mar. 1993. Conservation status — Tessmannia korupensis is assessed here according to IUCN (2015) criteria as Endangered, EN B 1 ab (i, iii). The new species has an Extent of Occurrence of c. 230 km 2. Much of the forest between the two known occur- rences has been or will be converted to farmland or oil palm plantations. This area has been much less visited by botanists but the species likely occurs here as well, indicating the possibility of continuing decline in the sense of IUCN criteria. At Liwenyi, around Likenge village, in the Onge forest, where the species was collected in 1993, slash and burn agriculture was then a threat to the forest (Cheek pers. obs. 1993). The threat of large-scale forest clearing for oil palm plantation exists for all unprotected forest in Cameroon. Korup National Park un- fortunately is not fully protected; some of the residents of the villages around the park use parts of the park for hunting and farming. In September 2009, the four camps for researchers and tourists in southern Korup were burned down by local villagers in protest of the prohibition of hunting and farming within the park. Although the forest does not burn naturally, the same fate might happen to parts of the forest during a dry season with exceptionally dry weather. Notes — Trees have been recorded inside and near the permanent plots along the P transect in the southern part of Korup National Park. These plots have a total area of 155.75 ha. Of the 3 181 registered trees ≥ 50 cm stem diam in the plots, only two trees, standing at 10 m distance to each other, were identified as T. korupensis. Trees between 10 and 50 cm diam were registered in 56 random located subplots within the plots (area of each subplot 0.25 ha; total area of all 56 subplots 14 ha). None of the 5 755 registered trees between 10 and 50 cm diam were identified as T. korupensis. Most of the forest in southern Korup does not contain any T. korupensis trees. Tessmannia korupensis trees always occur in groups; seven such groups of trees have been recorded in southern Korup, at distances of 0.3 – 6.4 km to each other. One of these groups was mapped and found to contain 43 individuals over 10 cm stem diam, in an area of less than 1 ha (Fig. 6), mixed with many trees of other species. In two other groups the trees were counted: 9 trees and 33 trees over 10 cm stem diam. The pods of T. korupensis curl up when dry (Fig. 4 j), indicating the presence of ballistic seed dispersal (Van der Burgt 1997). Even though the trees are tall, the maximum seed dispersal distance (which could not be recorded) will be small compared to that of most other species in the Legume tribe Detarieae because the fruits are small; see remarks under Didelotia korupensis. Most other species in the genus Tessmannia have small cardboard-like pods which stay flattened when dry and are therefore not constructed for ballistic seed dispersal. A number of specimens, usually collected in or near Gabon, do not match any of the existing species of Tessmannia. This material may represent several new species (F. J. Breteler pers. comm.), and is already cited in Sosef et al. (2006) under four different unpublished names. These species will be formally published in a future article. The type of T. korupensis does not match the collections cited in Sosef et al. (2006) under these four undescribed species. Tessmannia korupensis can be distinguished from all other species of Tessmannia by its comparatively large pods of 6 – 11 by 3.5 – 7 cm with its upper suture with 5 – 10 mm wide wings on each valve. Other species of Tessmannia have pods of 3 – 8 by 2 – 5 cm and lack wings.	en	Burgt, X. M. van der (2016): Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), two new tree species from Korup National Park in Cameroon. Blumea 61 (1): 51-58, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X691402, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x691402
