taxonID	type	description	language	source
BC89EF743A7A53C8B0D40821D91B651A.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
BC89EF743A7A53C8B0D40821D91B651A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Metrichia riosi sp. nov. is similar to M. trebeki Harris & Armitage, M. rawlinsi Flint & Sykora and M. triquetra Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, based on the shape of inferior appendage in lateral view, but it differs from these species in the structure of the phallus, which has three subapical spines.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
BC89EF743A7A53C8B0D40821D91B651A.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 2.1 – 2.3 mm (n = 6), 18 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. G enitalia (Fig. 8). Abdominal segment VII annular, without ventromesal process. Segment VIII in lateral view, triangular, tapering ventrad; in dorsal view, annular; in ventral view, deeply incised mesally. Segment IX in lateral view, truncate posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly and extending into segment VII, incomplete dorsally; in dorsal view, reduced to a narrow band, lateral margins sclerotised, rounded anteriorly; in ventral view, truncate posteriorly, lateral margins sclerotised, rounded anteriorly. Segment X in lateral view, shelf-like, rounded distally; in dorsal view, thinly rectangular, rounded apically. Pre-anal appendage (cercus) narrowly rounded in lateral view; in dorsal view, circular; dorsolateral hook in lateral view elongate, thin and tapering distally; in dorsal view, widening distally with apex incised, extending beyond inferior appendages. Inferior appendage in lateral view circular basally, narrowing ventrally and tapering to thin acute apex; in dorsal and ventral views, divided apically into pair of lobes, sclerotised in outer margin. Phallus elongate, wide basally then narrow over length, three elongate spines subapically, ejaculatory duct sclerotised over length.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
BC89EF743A7A53C8B0D40821D91B651A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Tomás A. Ríos González, Panamanian biologist at the Museo de Peces de Agua Dulce e Invertebrados of the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí in recognition of his intensive and extensive involvement with our studies of aquatic insects in Panama. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
0E9840A45DC15497B28D874CF309C1DB.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
0E9840A45DC15497B28D874CF309C1DB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Neotrichia afuera sp. nov. does not fit well within the species groups established by Keth et al. (2015). The apicolateral process of segment IX and the tubular phallus without sclerotised projections would place the new species in the N. okopa group, but the short inferior appendages with dorsal process is more similar to species in the N. caxima group, which typically have sclerotised hooks on the phallus. The new species is easily recognised by the structure of the sclerotised inferior appendages as seen in ventral view.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
0E9840A45DC15497B28D874CF309C1DB.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 1.4 mm (n = 1), 18 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. G enitalia (Fig. 3). Abdominal segment VIII annular. Segment IX tapering anteriorly, posteriorly rounded, sclerotised on margin, giving rise to short sclerotised rod which projects ventrad and widens distally; in ventral view, incised anteriorly and posteriorly; in dorsal view, incised anteriorly, posteriorly fused with segment X, dense setation mesally. Segment X in lateral view elongate and shelf-like, rounded apically; in dorsal view rectangular, fused with segment IX anteriorly and sclerotised on lateral margins. Subgenital plate in lateral view wide basally, tapering distally to acute, downturned apex with stout seta; in ventral view, rectangular, tapering apically into downturned tip, pair of stout setae apicolaterally, and sclerotised on lateral margins. Bracteole in lateral view narrow basally, widening distally; in dorsal and ventral views, narrow basally, widening distally to rounded apex. Inferior appendage in lateral view rectangular, tapering distally to downturned apex, sclerotised on ventral margin, basally with narrow, divided sclerotised process, wider dorsally than ventrally; in ventral view, divided into several processes, anterior processes with mesal and lateral lobes, rounded sclerotised knobs apically, posteriorly with several thin processes, posterior processes narrow, projecting mesally with sclerotised knob apically bearing stout seta. Phallus in dorsal view tubular, constricted at mid-length and bearing thin paramere encircling ejaculatory duct sclerotised, basal portion widening, apical portion parallel-sided, lateral margins slightly sclerotised.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
0E9840A45DC15497B28D874CF309C1DB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the isle in Panama where the species was collected.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
11B0D13CD5C75AFEA07729A26BC09323.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
11B0D13CD5C75AFEA07729A26BC09323.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Neotrichia aguirrei sp. nov. is a member of the N. canixa group of Keth et al. (2015), based on the sclerotised apical horns of tergum X and the bifid bracteoles with similarity to N. palitla Harris & Flint, which also has the dorsal horns asymmetrical in shape. The new species is separated by the ventral portion of the bracteole being greatly reduced and the subgenital plate being trifid in ventral view, rather than acute as in N. palitla.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
11B0D13CD5C75AFEA07729A26BC09323.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 1.8 mm (n = 3), 18 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. Genitalia (Fig. 4). Abdominal segment VIII annular. Segment IX wide ventrally and rounded, narrowing dorsally, anteriorly rounded; ventrally broadly incised, rounded posteriorly, deeply incised anteriorly; dorsally square. Segment X broad and shelf-like, rounded distally with apical horn narrowing; in dorsal view, rectangular basally, apically with pair of sclerotised horns which are asymmetrical in shape, left horn longer than right, lateral margin incised basally. Subgenital plate in lateral view wide basally, tapering distally to acute apex, thin seta sub-basally; in ventral view rectangular, apically trifid, lateral lobes each bearing a thin seta, inner lobe with sclerotised point apically. Bracteole in lateral view bifid, dorsal process elongate, narrowing distally, ventral process vestigial; in dorsal and ventral views, upper process elongate, tapering distally, lower process short. Inferior appendage in lateral view short, tapering distally, elongate, thin setal-bearing process dorsally; in ventral view, wide basally, tapering distally, rounded apically and rugose on inner margin, inner process thin and elongate bearing seta apically. Phallus in dorsal view tubular, constricted at mid-length and bearing thin paramere encircling shaft, apex divided into pair of processes, one elongate and tapering to acute apex, which is bent, other process short and tapering apically, sclerotised, phallus base serrated in appearance.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
11B0D13CD5C75AFEA07729A26BC09323.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Yusseff P. Aguirre Espinoza, Panamanian biologist at the Museo de Peces de Agua Dulce e Invertebrados of the Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí in recognition of his intensive and extensive involvement with our studies of aquatic insects in Panama. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
31930BBED9AA50F2B16FBE8D0FA04B5A.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
31930BBED9AA50F2B16FBE8D0FA04B5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Neotrichia betegui sp. nov. appears to be a member of the Neotrichia caxima group of Keth et al. (2015), based on the reduced inferior appendages with some similarity to N. garra Keth from Belize, which also has some sclerotisation of the genitalia, but not to the extent seen in the new species. Neotrichia betegui sp. nov. is also distinguished by the mesally fused inferior appendages.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
31930BBED9AA50F2B16FBE8D0FA04B5A.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 1.7 mm (n = 1), 18 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. G enitalia (Fig. 5). Abdominal segment VIII annular. Segment IX narrow, rounded posteriorly, anteriorly truncate; ventrally rounded posteriorly; dorsally square. Segment X triangular, tapering distally with sclerotised dorsal margin; in dorsal view square, apical margin slightly incised, posterolateral margins notched. Subgenital plate in lateral view sclerotised, narrow basally, widening distally to truncate apex, which is divided into a pair of rounded knobs; in ventral view, narrow, apically divided into pair of lobes, each bearing stout setae. Bracteole in lateral view narrow basally, over length, widening slightly distally to rounded apex; in dorsal and ventral views, narrow over length and curving, extending posteriorly as narrow band. Inferior appendage sclerotised, short and subrectangular, rugose apically; in ventral view, complex, fused sub-basally, anterior portion tapering to rounded apex, rugose on inner margin, basal portion square and extending anteriorly with mesal, sinuate process. Phallus in dorsal view tubular, constricted at mid-length and bearing thin paramere encircling shaft, apex heavily sclerotised, divided into pair of elongate rods of uneven length.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
31930BBED9AA50F2B16FBE8D0FA04B5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the Río Beteguí from which the type specimen was collected. The derivation of " betegui " is unclear. The prefix " be " means exists and the Aztec word for lizard translates into Spanish as " tegui ". However, we have no confirmation that this was the genesis of the specific epithet. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
67324E2D02DA599281913AD16FBF6B33.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
67324E2D02DA599281913AD16FBF6B33.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The Neotrichia canixa group consists of a cluster of Neotropical species with an elongate dorsal process from segment IX, including N. filifera Flint and N. napoensis Harris & Davenport, but the new species is closest to N. starki Harris & Armitage from Bocas del Toro Province in Panama. Neotrichia rancheria sp. nov. is separated from N. starki by the shorter rods from segment XI, the setose subgenital plate and the closely appressed inferior appendages.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
67324E2D02DA599281913AD16FBF6B33.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 1.2 – 1.4 mm (n = 10), 18 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. Genitalia (Fig. 6). Abdominal segment VIII annular. Segment IX tapering anteriorly, posteriorly incised mesally, round dorsally giving rise to elongate sclerotised rod; in ventral view, incised anteriorly and posteriorly; in dorsal view, narrowing posteriorly with pair of elongate, sclerotised rods. Tergum X tapering to truncate apex; in lateral view, visible as a basal lobe beneath rods of segment IX. Subgenital plate in lateral view wide basally, tapering distally to acute apex with stout seta, setose on dorsal margin; in ventral view, rectangular, divided apically into pair of lobes bearing stout setae and setose on outer margins. Bracteole in lateral view thin over length; in dorsal and ventral views, thin, tapering distally. Inferior appendage in lateral view ovate, slightly widening distally, setose patch on dorsal surface near mid-line; in ventral view, rectangular, apically narrowing mesally and triangular, closely appressed along mid-line. Phallus in dorsal view tubular, widening basally and apically, constricted at mid-length and bearing thin paramere encircling ejaculatory duct, sclerotised.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
67324E2D02DA599281913AD16FBF6B33.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the Pacific island, Isla Ranchera, off the southern coast of Panama where the type specimens were collected. This island is part of Coiba National Park, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Marine Park. Isla Rancheria, also known as Isla Coibita, is located off the NE coast of Coiba Island. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
74F7BF73D1C855CB91716B113C16B79C.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
74F7BF73D1C855CB91716B113C16B79C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Neotrichia sona sp. nov. appears to be a member of the Neotrichia vibrans group of Keth et al. (2015), based on the apicolateral extension of segment IX and the tapered margins of tergum X. The new species appears to be similar to N. helios Flint from Jamaica which also has a tapering inferior appendage and simple phallus. The new species is distinguished by the knob-like dorsal process of the inferior appendage, the serrate apical margin of the lateral process from segment IX and the small, rounded pre-apical sclerite of the phallus.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
74F7BF73D1C855CB91716B113C16B79C.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 1.6 – 1.8 mm (n = 30), 18 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. Genitalia (Fig. 7). Abdominal segment VIII annular. Segment IX narrow, rounded posteromesally and incomplete dorsally, posteriorly with truncate dorsolateral extension which is sclerotised and serrate distally, anteriorly rounded mesally; ventrally rectangular; dorsally with deep posteromesal incision, inner margins serrate, posterolateral margins rounded. Segment X narrowing posteriorly to truncate shelf; in dorsal view, reduced to a pair of rounded lateral knobs which taper mesally. Subgenital plate in lateral view, narrow basally, widening distally to acute, posteriorly projected spine; in ventral view, square, posterior margin truncate bearing pair of stout setae. Bracteole in lateral view narrow over length, widening slightly apically; in ventral and dorsal views, narrow over length and curving. Inferior appendage sclerotised, tapering distally to rounded apex, rugose on dorsal margin, anteriorly with sclerotised dorsal knob; in ventral view, wide basally, tapering distally to rounded apex, basally with short rectangular process. Phallus in dorsal view, tubular, constricted at mid-length and bearing thin paramere encircling shaft, apex narrowing distally, small rounded sclerite pre-apically; in lateral view, pre-apical sclerite projects downwards and narrows to a point.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
74F7BF73D1C855CB91716B113C16B79C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the peninsula, district, corregimiento and town along the Pacific coast of Panama. One suggested derivation of the word " soná " is from a local indigenous language, in which sonáre means “ murmur of the waters ”. This refers to the numerous riverbeds that surround the region. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
D5103213FC6051BD93067DBD6B53AE7E.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
D5103213FC6051BD93067DBD6B53AE7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Based on the sigmoid shape of the inferior appendage which bears thick spines apically, this species is placed in the O. arranca group of Flint (1972), with some similarity to O. pulgara Harris & Armitage and O. tagala Flint, both of which have the apex of the inferior appendage modified into a thumb-like process. It differs from these species and others in the group, based on the tenth tergum which is divided distally into two short processes, one of which bears a terminal spine; and by the short inferior appendage, which is similar in appearance to those of O. amorfa Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
D5103213FC6051BD93067DBD6B53AE7E.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 2.0 mm (n = 2), 26 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. G enitalia (Fig. 9). Abdominal segment VII and VIII annular, the former with a small posteroventral process. Segment IX in lateral view posteriorly sinuate, tapering dorsally and ventrally, broadly incised anteriorly forming ventral knob; in ventral view, rounded posteriorly and anteriorly, notched posterolaterally; in dorsal view, with broad mesal incision. Tergum X slightly divided distally, right process narrow, bearing stout apical spike, left process wide basally, tapering to rounded apex; in lateral view, upper spinose process, narrow over length, lower process sinuate ventrally, lobate apically. Inferior appendage in lateral view sigmoid-shaped, posterodorsal finger-like process, cluster of dark rounded spikes posteroventrally; in dorsal and ventral views, wide basally, gradually tapering distally to acute, numerous thick darkened spikes on posterior margins. Phallus in ventral view, thin and elongate, apically with pair of small lateral lobes.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
D5103213FC6051BD93067DBD6B53AE7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honour of Señora Marietta Landis, who provided permission and access to her private reserve in western Panama near the Costa Rican border and who made all of the collections, including those of this and several other new species. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
203DFF27D557550B886621661DECDD08.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
203DFF27D557550B886621661DECDD08.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Based on the elongate inferior appendages, this species is placed in the Ochrotrichia tenango group of Flint (1972), with some similarity to O. assita Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal and O. longispina Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, both of which occur in Panama. The new species is separated by the length of the inferior appendage which is approximately 6 times as long as wide, while in O. longispina, the ratio of length to width is 9 ×. In O. assista, the ratio of length to width in the inferior appendages is approximately 3 × and the shape is rectangular, while in the new species and O. longispina, the width is narrow. There is also some similarity to O. froehlichi Desiderio, Moreno and Hamada from Brazil, but in this species, the length of the inferior appendage is not as long as that of the new species and the apex of tergum X is shallowly rather than deeply divided.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
203DFF27D557550B886621661DECDD08.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 2.5 – 3.5 mm (n = 25), 38 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. G enitalia (Fig. 10). Abdominal segment VII and VIII annular, the former lacking a posteroventral process. Segment IX in lateral view posteriorly sinuate, tapering anterodorsally; narrowing anteriorly and deeply divided mesally; in ventral view, truncate; in dorsal view, with wide mesal incision. Tergum X divided at mid-length, right process wide basally, narrowing distally to acute apex, left process sinuate, widest at mid-length and acute apically; in lateral view, upper process, wide at mid-length, narrowing apically to downturned hook, lower process thin over length, gently curving upwards. Inferior appendage in lateral view thin and elongate, about 6 times as long as wide, widest sub-basally, tapering distally, apex rounded, numerous peg-like setae on inner posterior and ventral margin; in dorsal and ventral views, wide basally, gradually tapering distally to rounded apex, peg-like setae continuous on mesal margins. Phallus in dorsal view thin and elongate, widening apically to rounded knob, with sharp points subapically.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
203DFF27D557550B886621661DECDD08.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the stream, Quebrada Martínez, in which the types were collected. Located in the Bosque Protector Palo Seco Protected Area, administered by the Ministerio de Ambiente, on the Panama’s Caribbean slope, this is a first order stream in the Río Guabo watershed of the Ngäbe Buglé Comarca (Kankintú District). The word Martínez is a masculine name peculiar to Hispanic-American communities and means “ son of Martin ”. “ Martin ” is the Spanish form of the name “ Martinus ”, associated with the name Mars, which from the Latin implies “ male ”. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
07559E61A6AD5A87917FD40381CCEA7E.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
07559E61A6AD5A87917FD40381CCEA7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Oxyethira jaramillo sp. nov. is related to a number of species which have elongate dorsal processes from segment IX, such as O. bidentata (Mosely), O. culebra Holzenthal & Harris and other members of the O. aeola group (Kelley 1984). The new species differs in the uneven nature of the dorsal processes from IX with a knobbed apex, which, in the related species, are of equal length and acute apically and in the divided inferior appendage, which is entire in the similar species.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
07559E61A6AD5A87917FD40381CCEA7E.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 2.8 mm (n = 1), 29 antennal segments, wings and body brown in alcohol. G enitalia (Fig. 2). Abdominal segment VII annular, with pointed ventromesal process. Segment VIII in lateral view elongate, tapering posteroventrally; in dorsal view, annular; in ventral view, deep V-shaped mesal incision. Segment IX retracted into segments VI, VII and VIII, in lateral view thin, dorsal processes narrowing posteriorly; in dorsal and ventral views, rounded anteriorly, posteriorly reduced to a pair of thin asymmetrical processes, the left side much longer than the right and knobbed apically. Segment X in lateral view truncate; in dorsal view, rounded distally and membranous. Subgenital plate in lateral view divided posteriorly, lower portion shelf-like, upper portion curving downwards; in dorsal and ventral view, with broad mesal incision, pair of thin, setal-bearing arms posteriorly. Inferior appendage in lateral view divided into three rectangular processes, dorsal-most process elongate; in ventral view, pair of lateral processes of uneven length and shape, inner process triangular and short. Phallus in dorsal view thin and sinuate, small rounded knob at apex.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
07559E61A6AD5A87917FD40381CCEA7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after both the type waterbody, Quebrada Jaramillo, in the western Panamanian highlands and the reversal of the earth’s polarity ~ 900,000 years ago, referred to as the Jaramillo Event (Cox et al. 1963). This latter event was named after Jaramillo Creek in the Jemez Mountains in New Mexico, USA. The word “ Jaramillo ” is derived from the Spanish word “ jaral ”, meaning rockrose shrub, with the suffix “ illo ” forming a diminutive; thus “ little rockrose shrub ”. The name is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Harris, Steven C., Rodriguez, Viterbo (2025): The Trichoptera of Panama XXVIII. Nine new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 20 (2): 125-147, DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.20.e148738
