identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
921887F80D6A8F54FF1AF944279EF101.text	921887F80D6A8F54FF1AF944279EF101.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanopsis buccinoidea Olivier 1801	<div><p>Melanopsis buccinoidea Olivier, 1801 (clade A)</p><p>Olivier (1801: 297, pl. 17, fig. 8.) described  Melanopsis buccinoidea (for the original description see the Supporting Information, File S1), as ‘living in the fresh waters of Scio [Khios], from almost all the islands of the Archipelago, Crete, Syria’. He described the shell as conical in shape, smooth and dark, with eight whorls, with the body whorl a little higher than all the others together, the mouth oval oblong, the lip thin, without sinuosities and the columellar callus white. Our gastropods from Chios Island fit all the character states listed above in the description, thus it could be safely said that  M. buccinoidea occurs on Chios and Lesbos. However, molecularly it is distinct from the other clades, especially from the clades in the Levant. In the collection of Olivier deposited in the MNHN in Paris, there are ten shells that may represent  M. buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801), as possible syntypes. However, they are labelled ‘  M. praemorsa L., Tripoli, M. Olivier, 1803’ (Tillier &amp; Mordan, 1983), which makes their status as syntypes doubtful. It has to be noted that in the original description (see above), the coasts of Syria are mentioned, but not specifically Tripoli; Tripoli is mentioned by de Férussac (1822), but it is uncertain whether he obtained his sample from Olivier (Tillier &amp; Mordan, 1983). Species determination of these empty shells of  Melanopsis is impossible, and nothing suggests that those specimens were determined as  M. buccinoidea by Olivier. Thus, the syntypes appear to be either lost or ambiguously identified as such.</p><p>According to the ICZN (1999: Article 73.1.4), there is a possibility of interpretation of Olivier’s drawing as the holotype, although this was not stated explicitly. In the beginning of the nineteenth century there was no custom of designating a holotype, but one could expect that Olivier (1801) illustrated a ‘most typical’ specimen. The type locality, according to the ICZN (1999: Article 76A.1.4), may be restricted to Khios Island. There is no information about any geographical variation in the description.</p><p>Thus, a solution is to designate a neotype (according to the ICZN, 1999: Article 75.3), to clarify the taxonomic status and type locality of a nominal taxon.</p><p>Designation of the neotype of  Melanopsis buccinoidea Olivier, 1801</p><p>The neotype has a shell (Figs 2I–J) broadly conical in shape, smooth and dark, with growth lines hardly marked, with flat whorls and hardly visible sutures, and six whorls, with the apex corroded. The body whorl is higher than all the others together, the mouth is oval oblong, with sharp outer margins (without the lip), without sinuosities, and the columellar callus is white.</p><p>Neotype measurements: Shell height 13.50 mm, shell breadth 7.24 mm, body whorl height 11.61 mm, aperture height 6.53 mm, aperture breadth 4.39 mm. The neotype is defined by its sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), of 1N7 extraction number, GenBank number: MN711507.</p><p>Type locality: Nagos, Khios Island, Greece, 38°33’29’N; 26°04’50’E. It is deposited in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Wroclaw, Poland, signature: MNHW-1343.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D6A8F54FF1AF944279EF101	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D698F54FC90FB6A2049F237.text	921887F80D698F54FC90FB6A2049F237.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanopsis astropaliae (Gambetta 1929)	<div><p>Melanopsis astropaliae (Gambetta, 1929)</p><p>(clade B)</p><p>Gambetta (1929: 104) described  Melanopsis praemorsa var. astropaliae Gambetta, 1929 (for the original description see the Supporting Information, File S1) from ‘Stampalia’ [Astypalaia Island], between Naxos and Samos, thus within the range of our clade II (Naxos, Samos, Tinos). He described the completely smooth shell, black and purplish without brick brown. Considering the intraspecies colour variability in  Melanopsis (Gambertta described it in detail), his description could be applied to our gastropods from Naxos, Samos and Tinos. The soft-parts’ coloration in the population from Naxos correspond with the one given by Gambetta for  astropaliae . Certainly, there is too much emphasis on the shell coloration in his description, considering the wide variability of this character, clearly visible in our photographs. This clade is molecularly distinct, and Gambetta’s description is the only one published for a  Melanopsis taxon in this region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D698F54FC90FB6A2049F237	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D688F4BFF1AF944275AF584.text	921887F80D688F4BFF1AF944275AF584.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanopsis wagneri Roth 1839	<div><p>Melanopsis wagneri Roth, 1839 (clade C)</p><p>Roth (1839) described  M. laevigata var. erosa Roth, 1839 from the Peloponnese. However,  M. laevigata Lamarck, 1816 is characterized by the low body whorl and high spire with numerous whorls growing slowly and regularly (Lamarck, 1816: 12, plate 458, fig. 8), strikingly different from our gastropods from clade 3.</p><p>In that publication, Roth (1839: 24, pl. 2, fig. 11) described  M. wagneri (for the original description see the Supporting Information, File S1) as having the ovate-oblong shell with black periostracum, apex often corroded, broad, ovoid, ovate aperture and prominent callus, in Smyrna [Izmir] collected earlier. The character states listed above, as well as the drawing of Roth (1839: pl. 2, fig. 8) fit our specimens belonging to clade C from Rhodes and the Peloponnese). The type locality at Izmir, western Turkey is not far from our localities. Gambetta (1929) suggested the occurrence of  M. wagneri (as a form of  M. praemorsa) on Rhodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D688F4BFF1AF944275AF584	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFC82FD3720AEF6EB.text	921887F80D768F4BFC82FD3720AEF6EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Esperiana Bourguignat 1877	<div><p>Esperiana Bourguignat, 1877</p><p>(Bourguignat 1877: 88). Original classification as a subgenus of  Melanopsis .</p><p>Type species:  Melanopsis esperi Férussac, 1823, by original designation.</p><p>Esperiana esperi belongs to a distinct clade, thus should not be classified in  Microcolpia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFC82FD3720AEF6EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFC82FC67200FF19A.text	921887F80D768F4BFC82FC67200FF19A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holandriana Bourguignat 1884	<div><p>Holandriana Bourguignat, 1884</p><p>(Bourguignat, 1884: 7). Originally classified as a subgenus of  Melanella .</p><p>Type species:  Melania holandrii Pfeiffer, 1828, by subsequent designation by Welter-Schultes (2012: 36).</p><p>Holandriana holandrii (Pfeiffer, 1828) forms a molecularly distinct clade, belonging to the outgroup, not to the  Melanopsidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFC82FC67200FF19A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFF1AFCE7254CF179.text	921887F80D768F4BFF1AFCE7254CF179.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanopsis costata (Olivier 1804)	<div><p>Melanopsis costata (Olivier, 1804)</p><p>( Melania costata Olivier, 1804: 294 (footnote), pl. 31, fig. 3).   Its type locality is: ‘ De Orontes [Gesser-Chourl]’ [in the  Orontes river, at Jisr Ash-Shughur], Syria , thus close to Israel. To this clade belongs also a specimen from Iraq.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFF1AFCE7254CF179	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFF1AFE83262BF668.text	921887F80D768F4BFF1AFE83262BF668.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanopsis Ferussac in de Ferussac & de Ferussac 1807	<div><p>Melanopsis from Israel (clade D)</p><p>There are five conchologically distinct forms of  Melanopsis in Israel that are currently listed as  M. buccinoidea,  M. costata costata Olivier, 1804,  M. costata jordanica Roth, 1839,  M. meiostoma Heller &amp; Sivan, 2000 and  M. saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853 (Falniowski et al., 2002a, b). Our sequences, together with the still unpublished sequences from GenBank, do not confirm the distinctness of the taxa listed above. As demonstrated above,  M. buccinoidea should be restricted to clade A: the islands Chios and Lesbos.With the one exception of a  M. wagneri from GenBank, all  Melanopsis from Israel are monophyletic (clade D) and form two subclades, not always distinct morphologically. Considering the molecular distinctness of those clades (Figs 11, 12), they represent two species:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFF1AFE83262BF668	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFF1AFB96261BF1C5.text	921887F80D768F4BFF1AFB96261BF1C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanopsis saulcyi Bourguignat 1853	<div><p>Melanopsis saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853</p><p>(Bourguignat, 1853: 66).   Its type locality is: ‘  Artouze, en Syrie’ [Artouz (or ‘Arţūz), 15 km W of Damascus, Rif Dimashq], Syria , also close to Israel.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFF1AFB96261BF1C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFF1AFB5A250EF31B.text	921887F80D768F4BFF1AFB5A250EF31B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcolpia Bourguignat 1884	<div><p>Microcolpia Bourguignat, 1884</p><p>(Bourguignat, 1884: 49). Originally classified as  Melaniidae (Bourguignat gave only the vernacular ‘Mélaniens’).</p><p>Type species:  Melanopsis acicularis Férussac, 1823, by subsequent designation by Cossmann (1909: 159).</p><p>Glöer (2002) lists  Microcolpia as a subgenus of  Esperiana Bourguignat, 1877 . However, our molecular data clearly show such the genus as polyphyletic, thus  Microcolpia and  Esperiana should be treated as distinct genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFF1AFB5A250EF31B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFC82FE2727FAF718.text	921887F80D768F4BFC82FE2727FAF718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcolpia Bourguignat 1884	<div><p>Microcolpia parreyssi ( Philippi, 1847)</p><p>Melania (Melanopsis) parreyssii (Philippi 1847: 176, pl. 4, fig. 15).   Type locality was not indicated, instead the terra typica: ‘  Hungaria’ was given. At that time Hungary covered a large area of what is now Romania and Croatia, thus our specimens are within this territory  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFC82FE2727FAF718	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
921887F80D768F4BFF1AF9382797F428.text	921887F80D768F4BFF1AF9382797F428.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcolpia daudebartii (Prevost 1821)	<div><p>Microcolpia daudebartii (Prevost, 1821)</p><p>Prevost (1821: 137) gave its type locality as: ‘Auprès de Baden, en Autriche, dans un bassin d’eau thermale sulfureuse’ [near Baden, Austria, in a sulphurous thermal water basin], Austria. Our  Microcolpia from Slovenia, collected in a tributary of the Sava River, should be identified as  M. daudebarti acicularis (Férussac, 1823) . However, the two subspecies postulated by Glöer (2002), morphologically represent the same ranges of variability and do not differ molecularly. Thus, the distinction of M. d.  acicularis is not justified.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/921887F80D768F4BFF1AF9382797F428	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Falniowski, Andrzej;Heller, Joseph;Cameron, Robert A D;Pokryszko, Beata M;Osikowski, Artur;Rysiewska, Aleksandra;Hofman, Sebastian	Falniowski, Andrzej, Heller, Joseph, Cameron, Robert A D, Pokryszko, Beata M, Osikowski, Artur, Rysiewska, Aleksandra, Hofman, Sebastian (2020): Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea) from the eastern Mediterranean: another case of morphostatic speciation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 483-507, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz160, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/2/483/5788722
