identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
985E87A79E1AFF99E8FCF8ACFE6C002E.text	985E87A79E1AFF99E8FCF8ACFE6C002E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Elmomyza)	<div><p>Subgenus Elmomyza</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgenus may be recognized by head usually square-shaped in lateral view and arista usually with two dorsal and no ventral branches, sometimes lacking the terminal fork. Thorax bears only one postpronotal seta, and two to six rows of acrostichal setae between the anterior dorsocentrals. Male terminalia presents broad epandrium, often possessing strong ventral lobes; cerci well-developed and, although usually without modifications, may exhibit a ventral lobe that ranges from small to longer than the cerci itself in some taxa; surstylus with a strongly concave ventral lobe; surstylar teeth along at least part of the inner margin. Female terminalia presents oviscapt, usually with weakly sclerotized valves, and no ovisensilla (Hackman 1959, 1962; Hardy 1965, 1966; Hackman 1982).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1AFF99E8FCF8ACFE6C002E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1BFF99E8FCFE73FBC00352.text	985E87A79E1BFF99E8FCFE73FBC00352.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) cyrtandrae Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) cyrtandrae species group</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in the cyrtandrae group are associated with native Cyrtandra spp. ( Gesneriaceae) as both feeding and breeding sites (Fig. 1). These taxa have 4 rows of acrostichal setae on the mesonotum and pale-yellow bodies (Fig. 2) that darken progressively (Fig. 3) with age (Burgunder et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1BFF99E8FCFE73FBC00352	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFF77FA69002C.text	985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFF77FA69002C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) cyrtandrae Hardy 1965	<div><p>Key to the Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) cyrtandrae species group</p><p>1. Surstylus curved, extending posteriorly and medially, in an L-shape. A row of eight surstylar teeth is present along the distal margin of the surstylus (Fig. 2). Hawaiʻi ....................................... Scaptomyza cyrtandrae Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Surstylus broadly expanded dorsoventrally, with three posterior projections; dorsal projection digitate with a single surstylar tooth at the apex (Fig. 3). Maui.................... Scaptomyza neocyrtandrae Burgunder, Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, 2022</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFF77FA69002C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFE76FC960259.text	985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFE76FC960259.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza cyrtandrae Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza cyrtandrae Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Scaptomyza cyrtandrae Hardy, 1965: 673 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus strongly developed, extending posteriorly and medially, in an L-shape. Eight surstylar teeth are distributed along the distal margin of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. This species is associated with leaves of native Cyrtandra spp. ( Gesneriaceae) as both feeding and breeding sites (Burgunder et al. 2022).</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6519, on pin) and allotype female (6519a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM. Napau Crater, Hawaiʻi, 2,900 ft [884 m], Jul 1956, D. E. Hardy .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFE76FC960259	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFC68FCB604D5.text	985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFC68FCB604D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza neocyrtandrae Burgunder, Rampasso & O'Grady 2022	<div><p>Scaptomyza neocyrtandrae Burgunder, Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, 2022</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Scaptomyza neocyrtandrae Burgunder, Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, 2022: 81 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus strongly developed dorsoventrally, with three posterior projections. The dorsal projection is digitate and bears a single surstylar tooth at the apex; the medial is blunt, whereas the ventral projection is apically narrowed in lateral view.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. This species is associated with leaves of native Cyrtandra spp. ( Gesneriaceae) as both feeding and breeding sites (Burgunder et al. 2022).</p><p>Types. The holotype male and allotype female are deposited in BPBM. Carson Trail, Waikamoi (Haʻikū Uka), Maui, 3,600 ft [1,097 m], 6 Aug 2005, O305.2, 205635, P. M. O’Grady, G. M. Bennett col.</p><p>New collection records: 3 ♂♂ (UHIM2016.41062, 41065, 41066), 4 ♀♀ (UHIM2016.41063, 41064, 41067, 41068), and 1 undetermined sex (UHIM2016.41072), Waikamoi (Haʻikū Uka area), Maui, 4,000 ft [1,219 m], 09 Apr 1969, on Cyrtandra sp. ( Gesneriaceae), D. E. Hardy col.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFC68FCB604D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9DE8FCF9EBFA680202.text	985E87A79E1DFF9DE8FCF9EBFA680202.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) exigua (Grimshaw 1901)	<div><p>Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) exigua species group</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in this group are characterized by conspicuous posterior epandrial lobes in male terminalia. Mesonotum ranging from light to dark brown, densely gray pollinose, and with 6 regular rows of acrostichal setae.</p><p>Key to the Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) exigua species group</p><p>1. Male terminalia bears a sharp-pointed epandrial posterior lobe (Fig. 6). Scaptomyza cuspidata species subgroup......... 2</p><p>- Male terminalia bears a broad and blunt epandrial posterior lobe (Fig. 12). Scaptomyza exigua species subgroup......... 9</p><p>2. Sharp-pointed epandrial lobe is large and strong, often extending beyond the margin of the cerci in lateral view (Fig. 6).... 3</p><p>- Sharp-pointed epandrial lobe is small, often not extending beyond the margin of the cerci in lateral view (Fig. 9)......... 6</p><p>3. Epandrial posterior lobe turns progressively narrower towards the tip (Fig. 5)..................................... 4</p><p>- Epandrial posterior lobe is broad and rounded in the proximal margin, with a pointed projection in the posterior region (Fig. 6)................................................................................................. 5</p><p>4. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in lateral view, with a row of seven surstylar teeth distributed in the dorsal portion (Fig. 4). Maui............................................................ Scaptomyza affinicuspidata Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, with a row of few and sparse surstylar teeth found in the dorsal portion (Fig. 5). Hawaiʻi, Molokaʻi................................................. Scaptomyza articulata Hardy, 1965</p><p>5. Surstylus is large and curved in posterior view, in a similar shape as the epandrial posterior lobe in lateral view, with a row of eight surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion (Fig. 6). Hawaiʻi, Maui................... Scaptomyza cuspidata Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, with no surstylar teeth. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose (Fig. 10). Maui........................ Scaptomyza setosiloba Hardy, 1965</p><p>6. Epandrium greatly enlarged in lateral view, the anterodorsal margin extending significantly towards the dorsal region. Cerci conspicuously small (Fig. 9)............................................................................ 7</p><p>- Epandrium is not enlarged in lateral view. Cerci with a typical size (Fig. 8)....................................... 8</p><p>7. Epandrial posterior lobe with a narrow ventral process that is projected posteriorly. Surstylus short in lateral view, with a row of five surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion (Fig. 9). Maui........................... Scaptomyza ostensa Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Epandrial posterior lobe with a rounded anteroventral region, with a process that projects posteriorly. Surstylus large and broad in lateral view, with no surstylar teeth. Hawaiʻi ................................... Scaptomyza tenuata Hardy, 1965</p><p>8. Surstylus presents a row of five small surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose (Fig. 8). Maui....... Scaptomyza lonoi Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>- Surstylus presents ten surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, not organized in a row. Terminalia not densely setose (Fig. 7). Maui.............................................. Scaptomyza kanaloai Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>9. Surstylus strongly curved in posterior view (Fig. 12)........................................................ 10</p><p>- Surstylus slightly curved in posterior view (Fig. 15)........................................................ 13</p><p>10. Epandrial posterior lobe large and square-shaped (Fig. 12)................................................... 11</p><p>- Epandrial posterior lobe smaller and not square-shaped (Fig. 17).............................................. 12</p><p>11. Epandrium greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. A row of five surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus (Fig. 13). Hawaiʻi ............................................. Scaptomyza kanei Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>- Epandrium not greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus (Fig. 12). Hawaiʻi, Maui, possibly Molokaʻi.......................... Scaptomyza exigua (Grimshaw, 1901)</p><p>12. Epandrium enlarged in comparison to the terminalia, significantly extending dorsally.Epandrial posterior lobes are proportionally small and blunt (Fig. 16). Hawaiʻi ............................................... Scaptomyza setiger Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Epandrium is not enlarged dorsally. Epandrial posterior lobes are broad and acute at apex (Fig. 17). Oʻahu, Kauaʻi................................................................................... Scaptomyza varia Hardy, 1965</p><p>13. Epandrial posterior lobe broad and blunt. No surstylar tooth is observed (Fig. 15). Hawaiʻi, Maui............................................................................................. Scaptomyza photophilia Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Epandrial posterior lobe small and acute at the apex. Dorsal portion of surstylus is enlarged and extends posteriorly. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, concentrated in the region that extends posteriorly (Fig. 14). Oʻahu..................................................... Scaptomyza kui Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1DFF9DE8FCF9EBFA680202	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1.text	985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza affinicuspidata Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza affinicuspidata Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Scaptomyza affinicuspidata Hardy, 1965: 646 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a well-developed and sharp-pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in lateral view, small in lateral view. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Epandrial posterior lobes and surstyli are often in an interdigitate arrangement. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. This species uses unknown substrates of native Lobelia gloria-montis ( Campanulaceae) as breeding site (Heed 1968).</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6502, on pin) and allotype female (6502a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Aug 1958, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.00161), Puʻu Kukui, Maui, 4,000 ft. [1,219 m], 04 Aug 1964, D. E. Hardy col.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFC20FB620529.text	985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFC20FB620529.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza cuspidata Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza cuspidata species subgroup</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by sharply pointed epandrial posterior lobe, articulated with the rest of the epandrium in male terminalia. Surstylus and surstylar teeth are variable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFC20FB620529	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0.text	985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza articulata Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza articulata Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Scaptomyza articulata Hardy, 1965: 654 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a strong and sharp-pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of few and sparse surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Molokaʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6507, on pin) and allotype female (6507a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Keanakolu, Hawaiʻi, 5,216 ft [1,590 m], Oct 1952, D. E. Hardy .</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.00197), Keanakolu, Hawaiʻi, 5,200 ft. [1,585 m], Oct 1952, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3.text	985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza cuspidata Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza cuspidata Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Scaptomyza cuspidata Hardy, 1965: 671 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a well-developed and broad posterior lobe, which becomes pointed posteriorly. Surstylus is large and curved in posterior view, in a similar shape as the epandrial posterior lobe in lateral view. A row of eight surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui.</p><p>Ecology. This species uses leaves of native ʻōlapa ( Cheirodendron trigynum, Araliacaeae) as breeding site (Heed 1968).</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6518, on pin) and allotype female (6518a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.01070), Kūlani, Hawaiʻi, 5,200 ft. [1,585 m], Jul 1952, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det. Other material. 1 ♂ (OG515.4), Puʻu ʻŌʻō, Saddle Road, Hawaiʻi, 11 Jan 2009, P. M. O’Grady, G. M. Bennett, S. Bridgers, K. Tran, E. Young, S. Souder col.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E12FF96E8FCFA13FE6700E6.text	985E87A79E12FF96E8FCFA13FE6700E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza kanaloai Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza kanaloai Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A group of ten surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, not organized in a row.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel brown and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 5 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is brown, becoming dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate inserted posterolaterally to proclinate orbital. Anterior reclinate 63% length of proclinate. Proclinate 50% length of posterior reclinate. Gena pale yellow. Subvibrissal setae 75% length of vibrissae. Mouthparts light brown, and palps yellow with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae convergent. Pleura brown and densely gray pollinose. 2 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae approximately 53% length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25% as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 7 C- E). Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Epandrium bears an anterodorsal phragma and no ventral lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A group of ten surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, not organized in a row. A group of large bristles is found in the middle portion of the surstylus. Cerci are undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are almost as long as high. Measurements. TL = 0.87 mm; WL = 2.08 mm; TL/WL = 0.37; HW/TL = 0.60; CI = 4.81; 4V = 1.77; 5X = 2.21; 4C = 0.51; M = 0.61.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui. Ecology. Dr. W. B. Heed recorded this species using unidentified leaf mold as their breeding site. Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48333) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum. Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48333). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], 23 Jul 1963, reared ex leaf mold, W. B. Heed col. Etymology. This species is named after Kanaloa, the god of the ocean, winds, and the underworld, often seen as Kāne’s counterpart.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E12FF96E8FCFA13FE6700E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.text	985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza lonoi Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza lonoi Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view.A row of five small surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel brown and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is light brown, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally and halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 27% length of proclinate. Proclinate 94% length of posterior reclinate. Gena light brown. Subvibrissal setae 58% length of vibrissae. Mouthparts brown and palps dark brown with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura brown in ground color and densely pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 60% length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25% as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 8 C-E). Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Epandrium bears an anterodorsal phragma and no ventral lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A row of five small surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Cerci are undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are almost two times higher than long. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose. Measurements. TL = 0.94 mm; WL = 2.10 mm; TL/WL = 0.47; HW/TL = 0.60; CI = 4.03; 4V = 1.46; 5X = 1.40; 4C = 0.58; M = 0.40.</p><p>Female (n = 4). Fits with the male in all characters. Abdomen predominantly dark brown. Anterior reclinate 46% (42–50%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 64% (61–68%) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 58% (50–67%) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 54% (39–61%) length of posterior katepisternal setae.</p><p>Measurements. TL = 1.023 (1.019 –1.026) mm; WL = 2.33 (2.23–2.39) mm; TL/WL = 0.45 (0.44–0.47); HW/TL = 0.56 (0.49–0.63); CI = 4.82 (4.22–6.30); 4V = 1.53 (1.25–1.76); 5X = 1.64 (1.56–1.69); 4C = 0.52 (0.37–0.62); M = 0.48 (0.42–0.55).</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Dr. W. B. Heed recorded this species using unidentified leaf mold as their breeding site.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48312), allotype female (UHIM2016.48313), and three paratypes (UHIM2016.48314 – 48316) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48312) . Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM2016.48313) . Paratypes. 3 ♀♀ (UHIM2016.48314 – 48316). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], 23 Jul 1963, leaf mold, W. B. Heed col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Lono, the god of agriculture, fertility, peace, and rain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2.text	985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza ostensa Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza ostensa Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Scaptomyza ostensa Hardy, 1965: 722 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium is greatly enlarged in lateral view, and the anterodorsal margin extends significantly towards the dorsal region. A small epandrial posterior lobe is observed, with a narrow ventral process that is projected posteriorly. Surstylus is straight in posterior view, short and broad in lateral view. A row of five small surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci are very small in comparison to the epandrium.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6545, on pin) and allotype female (6545a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined) . Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Jun 1953, C. R. Joyce col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.01674), Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.text	985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza setosiloba Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza setosiloba Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 10)</p><p>Scaptomyza setosiloba Hardy, 1965: 753 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a well-developed and broad posterior lobe, with a pointed projection in the posterior region. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, and large and broad in lateral view. No surstylar teeth are present. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6562, on pin) and allotype female (6562a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,980 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.02593), Haelaau, Maui, 5,300 ft. [1,615 m], 18 Dec 1928, Lobelia gloria-montis ( Campanulaceae), E. H. Bryan Jr. col., D. E. Hardy det.</p><p>Scaptomyza tenuata Hardy, 1965: 757 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium is greatly enlarged in lateral view, and the anterodorsal margin extends significantly towards the dorsal region. A small epandrial posterior lobe is observed, with a rounded anteroventral region, with a process that projects posteriorly. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A group of large bristles is found in the middle portion of the surstylus. Cerci are very small in comparison to the epandrium.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6565, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Puʻu Kihe, North slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaiʻi, 8,005 ft [2,440 m], Oct 1952, D. E. Hardy .</p><p>Notes. We did not have access to specimens of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF8AE8FCFE30FE260315.text	985E87A79E08FF8AE8FCFE30FE260315.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza exigua (Grimshaw 1901)	<div><p>Scaptomyza exigua species subgroup</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by an epandrial posterior lobe that is broad and blunt in male terminalia. Surstyli are usually long and curved. Surtylar teeth, when present, are found exclusively on the dorsal region of the surstyli.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E08FF8AE8FCFE30FE260315	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.text	985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza exigua (Grimshaw 1901)	<div><p>Scaptomyza exigua (Grimshaw, 1901)</p><p>(Figs. 11–12)</p><p>Drosophila exigua Grimshaw, 1901: 72 .</p><p>Scaptomyza exigua Hardy, 1965: 688 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a broad and blunt posterior lobe, square-shaped. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Redescription. Male (n = 11). Head. Pedicel yellow and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 5 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is yellow, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally and halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 35% (27–40%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 81% (65–94%) length of posterior reclinate. Gena light brown in ground color and gray pollinose. Subvibrissal setae 53% (42–70%) length of vibrissae. Mouthparts yellow and palps yellow with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum densely gray pollinose, light brown in the anterior region, becoming darker posteriorly. Scutellum brown in ground color and densely pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura light brown in ground color and gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 43% (26–53%) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25% as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern.</p><p>Abdomen. Predominantly dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 12 A-F). Epandrium broad, with a broad and blunt posterior lobe, square-shaped. No anterodorsal phragma or epandrial ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 1.21 (1.06–1.35) mm; WL = 2.48 (2.00–2.67) mm; TL/WL = 0.49 (0.46–0.53); HW/TL = 0.56 (0.50–0.62); CI = 3.44 (3.00–3.82); 4V = 1.47 (1.36–1.63); 5X = 1.69 (1.33–2.45); 4C = 0.68 (0.59–0.80); M = 0.47 (0.41–0.66).</p><p>Female (n = 10). Fits with the male in all characters. Anterior reclinate 47% (35–56%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 79% (66–88%) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 56% (39–68%) length of vibrissae.Anterior katepisternal setae 44% (36–61%) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 1.17 (1.10–1.26) mm; WL = 2.55 (2.44–2.67) mm; TL/WL = 0.48 (0.47–0.51); HW/TL = 0.55 (0.50–0.62); CI = 3.2 (1.27–3.78); 4V = 1.48 (1.38–1.56); 5X = 1.67 (1.47–2.00); 4C = 0.67 (0.59–0.78); M = 0.47 (0.41–0.58).</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui, possibly Molokaʻi.</p><p>Ecology. This species uses bark, flowers, fruits, and leaves of native ʻōhā ( Clermontia spp., Campanulaceae) (Magnacca et al. 2008) and fruits of Hawaiian raspberry ( Rubus sp., Rosaceae) (Heed 1968) as breeding sites.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (not examined) is deposited in the Natural History Museum (London).The homeotype male (not examined; UHIM2016.45348) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. 2 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.45351, UHIM 2016.45352), 1 undetermined sex (specimen in microvial, no UHIM accession code), South Kohala Mountains, Hawaiʻi, 3,700 ft. [1,128 m], 28 Jun 1966, reared ex Clermontia sp. ( Campanulaceae) Fruits/Flowers, Stem/Leaves, G87A, W. B. Heed col. 33 ♂♂ (UHIM 2016.4529, 45293, 45296, 45299–45301, 45304–45309, 45312, 45313, 45315, 45317, 45318, 45320–45322, 45325, 45329, 45330, 45333, 45334, 45337–45340, 45345–45348), 26 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.45292, 45294, 45295, 45297, 45298, 45302, 45303, 45310, 45311, 45314, 45316, 45319, 45323, 45324, 45327, 45328, 45331, 45332, 45335, 45336, 45341–45344, 45349, 45350), 1 undetermined sex (UHIM 2016.45326), Puʻu Hualālai, Hawaiʻi, 01 Jul 1966, collected on Clermontia sp. ( Campanulaceae) fruits, G90A, W. B. Heed col. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01214), Puʻu Hualālai, Hawaiʻi, 13 Jun 1966, reared ex raspberry fruit, G19A, W. B. Heed col. 1 ♂ (OG522.1.B), End of Tom’s Trail (R Road), Stainback Highway, Waiākea Forest Reserve, Hawaiʻi, Cyanea sp. ( Campanulaceae), 15 Jan 2009, P. M. O’Grady, J. Price, E. Young col.</p><p>Notes. This redescription was written based on 21 specimens that were deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Insect Museum (UHIM) as undescribed species. We recognized these flies as Scaptomyza exigua based on the redescription prepared by Hardy (1965) and comparison with non-type specimens from the UHIM and the O’Grady Lab ethanol collection. The habitus (Fig. 11 A-B) and male terminalia (Fig. 12 A-C) of these specimens were imaged and presented in this publication, in comparison to the specimens used for the redescription (Figs. 11 C- D, 12D-F) to demonstrate they correspond to the same species .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.text	985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza kanei Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza kanei Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 13)</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium is greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. Epandrial posterior lobe is broad and blunt, square-shaped. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of five surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 6). Head. Pedicel brown, tinged with yellow, and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is yellow, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally and halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 38% (27– 47%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 88% (79–94%) length of posterior reclinate. Gena light brown. Subvibrissal setae 68% (62–78%) length of vibrissae. Mouthparts yellow and palps yellow with two black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae ranging from convergent to cruciate. Pleura brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 46% (41–48%) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25% as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Predominantly dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 13 C-E). Epandrium is greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. Epandrial posterior lobe is broad and blunt, square-shaped. No anterodorsal phragma or epandrial ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of five surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 1.22 (1.11–1.32) mm; WL = 2.58 (2.39–2.77) mm; TL/WL = 0.50 (0.48–0.53); HW/TL = 0.57 (0.50–0.64); CI = 3.85 (3.42–3.78); 4V = 1.59 (1.46–1.69); 5X = 1.85 (1.63–1.94); 4C = 0.69 (0.63–0.73); M = 0.51 (0.46–0.59).</p><p>Female (n = 10). Fits with the male in all characters. Anterior reclinate 47 % (33–58%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 81% (63–92%) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 52% (35–63%) length of vibrissae.Anterior katepisternal setae 48% (37–55%) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 1.15 (1.05–1.30) mm; WL = 2.38 (2.19–2.64) mm; TL/WL = 0.49 (0.47–0.51); HW/TL = 0.55 (0.52–0.59); CI = 3.33 (3.00–3.70); 4V = 1.52 (1.34–1.78); 5X = 1.66 (1.47–1.88); 4C = 0.71 (0.61–0.82); M = 0.48 (0.43–0.59).</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Dr. H. L. Carson recorded this species using fruits of native ʻōhā ( Clermontia sp., Campanulaceae) as their breeding site.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48294), allotype female (UHIM2016.48296), and paratypes (UHIM2016.48298 – 48305, 48295, 48297, 48345–48348) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48294). Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM2016.48296). Paratypes. 6 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.48295, 48297, 48345–48348). Pāwaina, Hawaiʻi, 3,000 ft. [914 m], 13 Jul 1965, reared ex Clermontia sp. ( Campanulaceae) fruit, C129.24, H. L. Carson col. 5 ♂♂ (UHIM 2016.48298–48301, 48305), 3 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.48302–48304), Pāwaina, Hawaiʻi, 3,000 ft. [914 m], 18 Jul 1964, C105, H. L. Carson col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Kāne, the chief creator god, associated with light, life, and fresh water, and the ancestor of humanity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.text	985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza kui Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza kui Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 14)</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with small posterior lobe, acute at apex. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, large in posterior view with a dorsal region that extends posteriorly. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, concentrated in the region that extends posteriorly. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 2). Head. Pedicel and first flagellomere ranging from light brown to brown. Arista damaged. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is yellow brown, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate inserted posterolaterally to proclinate orbital. Anterior reclinate 37% (33–41%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 94% (80– 107%) length of posterior reclinate. Gena yellow. Subvibrissal setae 52% (50–54%) length of vibrissae. Mouthparts yellow and palps yellow with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura brown in ground color and gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 49% (45–52%) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 35% as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 14C–E). Epandrium broad, with small posterior lobe, acute at apex. No anterodorsal phragma or epandrial ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, large in posterior view with a dorsal region that extends posteriorly. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, concentrated in the region that extends posteriorly. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long.</p><p>Measurements. TL = 0.886 (0.882 –0.889) mm; WL = 1.72 (1.66–1.77) mm; TL/WL = 0.515 (0.513 –0.517); HW/ TL = 0.55 (0.49–0.61); CI = 3.64 (3.58–3.70); 4V = 1.61 (1.57–1.65); 5X = 1.54 (1.50–1.58); 4C = 0.67 (0.66–0.68); M = 0.476 (0.475 –0.478).</p><p>Female (n = 4). Fits with the male in all characters. Arista with 1–2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus an inconspicuous terminal fork.Anterior reclinate 47% (43–52%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 76% (69–81%) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 52% (45–60%) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 47% (39–54%) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 1.04 (1.01–1.08) mm; WL = 2.14 (2.07–2.26) mm; TL/WL = 0.50 (0.48 – 0.52); HW/TL = 0.56 (0.53–0.65); CI = 3.45 (3.22–3.73); 4V = 1.65 (1.53–1.72); 5X = 1.39 (1.29–1.53); 4C = 0.73 (0.72–0.74); M = 0.45 (0.43–0.48).</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Oʻahu.</p><p>Ecology. Dr. H. L. Carson recorded this species using leaves of native ʻōhā ( Clermontia sp., Campanulaceae) as their breeding site.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.46539), allotype female (UHIM2016.46537), and paratypes (UHIM2016.46538, 46534–46536) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.46539). Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM2016.46537). Paratypes. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.46538) and 3 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.46534–46536). Palikea, Oʻahu, 11 May 1966, reared ex Clermontia sp. ( Campanulaceae) leaves, G56A, W. B. Heed col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Kū, the god of war, strength, and governance, associated with sacrifice and prosperity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF.text	985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza photophilia Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza photophilia Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>Scaptomyza photophilia Hardy, 1965: 728 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a broad and blunt posterior lobe. Surstylus is slightly curved and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. No surstylar tooth is observed. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6548, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, Aug 1958, light trap, J. W. Beardsley col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.01778), Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, Aug 1958, light trap, J. W. Beardsley col., D. E. Hardy det.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632.text	985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza setiger Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza setiger Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 16)</p><p>Scaptomyza setiger Hardy, 1965: 751 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium enlarged in comparison to the terminalia, significantly extending dorsally. Epandrial posterior lobes are proportionally small and blunt. Surstylus is large and curved in posterior view. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle portion of the surstylus. Cerci are small in comparison to the epandrium.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6561, on pin) and allotype female (6561a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, Aug 1958, light trap, J. W. Beardsley col.</p><p>Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.02588), Upper Hāmākua ditch trail, Kohala Mountains, Hawaiʻi, 03 Sep 1919, Clermontia sp. ( Campanulaceae), O. H. Swezey col., D. E. Hardy det.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA.text	985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza varia Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza varia Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 17)</p><p>Scaptomyza varia Hardy, 1965: 769 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with broad posterior lobe, acute at apex. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view.A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, and another surstylar tooth is found in the middle portion. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Oʻahu, Kauaʻi.</p><p>Ecology. This species uses fruits of native ʻōhā ( Clermontia sp., Campanulaceae) and flowers of Lobelia sp. ( Campanulaceae) as breeding sites (Heed 1968).</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6572, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Mount Waiʻaleʻale Trail, Kauaʻi, 4,495 ft [1,370 m], Aug 1953, D. E. Hardy .</p><p>Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.02220), KōkeʻeWaiʻalae, Kauaʻi, 4,125 ft. [1,257 m], 21 Jun 1966, reared ex Clermontia sp. ( Campanulaceae) fruits and flowers, G83B, D. E. Hardy col.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E00FF82E8FCF9A5FF220780.text	985E87A79E00FF82E8FCF9A5FF220780.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) obscuricornis (Grimshaw 1901)	<div><p>Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) obscuricornis species group</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in this group are characterized by distinctly bilobate surstyli in the male terminalia. Mesonotum ranging from light brown to black, densely gray pollinose, and with 4–6 irregular rows of acrostichal setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E00FF82E8FCF9A5FF220780	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E00FF83E8FCF8A1FA680467.text	985E87A79E00FF83E8FCF8A1FA680467.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) obscuricornis (Grimshaw 1901)	<div><p>Key to the Scaptomyza (Elmomyza) obscuricornis Species Group</p><p>1. Male terminalia bear an enlarged and curved surstylus, without an elaborated dorsal lobe (Fig. 19). Scaptomyza ctenophora species subgroup..................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Male terminalia bear a surstylus with a complex morphology, which includes an elaborated dorsal lobe (Fig. 27). Scaptomyza obscuricornis species subgroup.......................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Surstylus large and semi-circular (Fig. 19)................................................................. 3</p><p>- Surstylus is curved, with a well-developed ventral lobe, but not semi-circular. A row of ten surstylar teeth is found in the inner margin of the dorsal portion of the surstylus (Fig. 18). Hawaiʻi ................... Scaptomyza brachycerca Hardy, 1965</p><p>3. A row of four surstylar teeth is found in the inner margin of the surstylus (Fig. 21). Hawaiʻi ...................................................................................... Scaptomyza peleae Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>- More than ten surstylar teeth are found in the inner margin of the surstylus....................................... 4</p><p>4. A row of 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Male terminalia dark (Fig. 20). Maui............................................................... Scaptomyza kamohoalii Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>- A row of more than 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Male terminalia brown (Fig. 19). Maui.................................................................. Scaptomyza ctenophora Hardy, 1965</p><p>5. Surstylar dorsal lobe is long and slender (Fig. 25)........................................................... 6</p><p>- Surstylar dorsal lobe is either blunt (Fig. 28) or has a hooklike projection (Fig. 27)................................. 8</p><p>6. Surstylus has three projections in the inner margin. Surstylar dorsal lobe is pointed and with no bristles (Fig. 22)......... 7</p><p>- Surstylus has two projections in the inner margin. Surstylar dorsal lobe is not pointed and presents bristles in the apex. Surstylar ventral lobe, with a rounded base and another long and slender projection that extends posteriorly, reaching a similar length as the cercal plates, and is densely setose (Fig. 23). Kauaʻi............. Scaptomyza hiiakae Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>7. Terminalia are unusually broad in posterior view. The surstylar dorsal lobe is much longer than the middle and ventral lobes (Fig. 25). Maui........................................................... Scaptomyza latitergum Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Terminalia in a typical width. The dorsal and ventral surstylar lobes have similar lengths, whereas the middle lobe is short (Fig. 22). Hawaiʻi ............................................................... Scaptomyza adunca Hardy, 1965</p><p>8. Surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt (Fig. 28).................................................................... 9</p><p>- Surstylar dorsal lobe has a hooklike projection (Fig. 27)..................................................... 11</p><p>9. Surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which is much longer than the other terminal sclerites in lateral view. A marginal row of nine surstylar teeth is found in the middle portion of the surstylus (Fig. 28). Hawaiʻi ............................................................................ Scaptomyza paralobae Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which is shorter than the other terminal sclerites in lateral view (Fig. 24)................................................................................. 10</p><p>10. Surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly and reaches a similar length as the cecal plates in lateral view. Maui.............................................................................. Scaptomyza recta Hardy, 1965</p><p>- Surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly, is shorter than the cercal plates and reaches a similar length as the epandrial posterior lobe. A marginal row of seven sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus (Fig. 24). Kauaʻi....................................... Scaptomyza hinae Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>11. Surstylus has two conspicuous and hooklike lobes in posterior view. Dorsal lobe broad and short, ventral lobe long and slender. The inner margin of the surstylus has a distinct S-shape. No surstylar tooth is observed (Fig. 27). Hawaiʻi, Maui, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu........................................................... Scaptomyza obscuricornis (Grimshaw, 1901)</p><p>- Surstylar dorsal lobe extends medially and posteriorly. In lateral view, the dorsal lobe has a pointed and hooklike projection.. The middle portion of the surstylus is straight in posterior view and a well-developed ventral lobe extends medially. A marginal row of ten sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus (Fig. 26). Maui....................................................................... Scaptomyza mauii Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E00FF83E8FCF8A1FA680467	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF83E8FCFABAFAE9048F.text	985E87A79E01FF83E8FCFABAFAE9048F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza ctenophora Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza ctenophora species subgroup</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by bilobate, enlarged, and curved surstyli, without an elaborated dorsal lobe. Surstylar teeth present in the dorsal region of the surstyli in the male terminalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E01FF83E8FCFABAFAE9048F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA.text	985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza brachycerca Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza brachycerca Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 18)</p><p>Scaptomyza brachycerca Hardy, 1965: 660 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large, curved and with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A marginal row of ten surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle portion of the surstylus. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6511, on pin) and allotype female (6511a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Kaʻula Gulch, Hawaiʻi, 6,990 ft. [2,130 m], Aug 1952, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.00322), Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, 11 Oct 1929, Silene sp .</p><p>( Caryophyllaceae), O. H. Swezey col., D. E. Hardy det.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6.text	985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza ctenophora Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza ctenophora Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 19)</p><p>Scaptomyza ctenophora Hardy, 1965: 670 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A marginal row of numerous surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Surstylus is large and broad in lateral view. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6517, on pin) and allotype female (6517a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Aug 1958, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.01062), Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Aug 1958, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det. Other material. 1 ♂ (OG 07-0549), Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,400 ft. [1,950 m], 02 Aug 2007, on and under Cheirodendron sp. ( Araliaceae), K. N. Magnacca col.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.text	985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza kamohoalii Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza kamohoalii Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 20)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male terminalia dark. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A row of 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel and first flagellomere brown. Dorsal and ventral of the arista damaged. Terminal fork about 35% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face light brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is light brown, becoming dark brown and gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally from the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals,close to the proclinate. Anterior reclinate 29% length of proclinate. Proclinate 82% length of posterior reclinate. Gena and mouthparts brown. Subvibrissal setae 43% length of vibrissae. Palps brown with two apical black setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae.Acrostichal setae in 4 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae absent. Pleura dark brown in color and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Posterior katepisternal seta damaged. Legs. Predominantly light brown. Most legs are partially or entirely broken. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 20 C-E). Male terminalia very dark. Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. The surstylar dorsal lobe projects posteriorly. A row of 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe. Cerci densely setose. Bristles of cerci and surstyli are very long. Measurements. TL = 0.89 mm; WL = 2.36 mm; TL/WL = 0.40; HW/TL = 0.60; CI = 3.79; 4V = 1.45; 5X = 1.28; 4C = 0.61; M = 0.37.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48317) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48317). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Jul 1953, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Kamohoaliʻi, the shark god and guardian of sailors, believed to guide lost ships back to safety.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.text	985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza peleae Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza peleae Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 21)</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, with another tooth located more internally.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel dark brown, tinged with brown. First flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 6 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face dark brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is light brown, becoming dark brown in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose.Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally from the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals, close to the proclinate. Anterior reclinate broken. Proclinate 52% length of posterior reclinate. Gena and mouthparts brown. Subvibrissal setae 47% length of vibrissae. Palps brown with two apical black setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown in color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 4 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae and apical scutellar setae broken. Pleura brown in color and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Posterior katepisternal seta damaged. Legs. Predominantly light brown. Most legs are partially or entirely broken. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern.</p><p>Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 21 C-E). Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, with another tooth located more internally. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe. Cerci densely setose. Bristles of cerci and surstyli are very long. Measurements. TL = 1.01 mm; WL = 2.20 mm; TL/WL = 0.45; HW/TL = 0.55; CI = 3.65; 4V = 1.40; 5X = 1.59; 4C = 0.63; M = 0.43.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48350) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48350). Pauahi, Hawaiʻi, 4,300 ft. [1,310 m], Aug 1952, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Pele, the fiery and passionate goddess of volcanoes and creation, residing in Kīlauea, in close proximity from where this species was collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF84E8FCF9B5FEE40790.text	985E87A79E06FF84E8FCF9B5FEE40790.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza obscuricornis (Grimshaw 1901)	<div><p>Scaptomyza obscuricornis species subgroup</p><p>Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by bilobate surstyli in the male terminalia. The dorsal portion of the surstyli usually extends medially and posteriorly, forming a well-developed and conspicuous projection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E06FF84E8FCF9B5FEE40790	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376.text	985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza adunca Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza adunca Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 22)</p><p>Scaptomyza adunca Hardy 1965: 646 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male terminalia very dark. In posterior view, the surstylus is large and with a complex shape, with three projections in the inner margin. A pointed lobe is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. The middle portion of the surstylus also exhibits a projection, with five surstylar teeth distributed alongside its margin. In the ventral portion, there is a rounded lobe with long bristles. The dorsal and ventral surstylar lobes have similar lengths, whereas the middle lobe is shorter.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6501, on pin) and allotype female (6501a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Keanakolu, Kaʻula Gulch, Hawaiʻi, 6,990 ft. [2,130 m], 29 Oct 1952, C. P. Hoyt col.</p><p>Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.00155). 1965, D. E. Hardy det.</p><p>Notes. No collection information on the label.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.text	985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza hiiakae Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza hiiakae Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 23)</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus presents two long and slender lobes, in the dorsal and ventral regions, visible in both posterior and lateral views. The surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly and presents a few long bristles in the terminal margin. The surstylar ventral lobe has a rounded base, with a long and slender projection that extends posteriorly, reaching a similar length as the cercal plates. A group of sparse bristles is found in the round base of the surstylar ventral region, whereas the apex of the slender posterior projection is densely setose.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 2). Head. Pedicel dark brown, tinged with brown. First flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face dark brown. Frontal vitta dark brown. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate inserted posterolaterally to proclinate orbital. Anterior reclinate 39% length of proclinate. Proclinate 65% length of posterior reclinate. Gena pale yellow. Subvibrissal setae 74% length of vibrissae. Mouthparts light brown, and palps dark brown with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae.Acrostichal setae in 6 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura dark brown in the dorsal region, becoming light brown ventrally. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 57% (52–62%) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly light brown. The front basitarsus is about 35% as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Predominantly dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 23C–E). Male terminalia brown. Epandrium is broad, with no anterodorsal phragma, ventral, or posterior lobes. The surstylus presents two long and slender lobes, in the dorsal and ventral regions, visible in both posterior and lateral views. The surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly and presents a few long bristles in the terminal margin. The surstylar ventral lobe has a rounded base, with a long and slender projection that extends posteriorly, reaching a similar length as the cercal plates. A group of sparse bristles is found in the round base of the surstylar ventral region, whereas the apex of the slender posterior projection is densely setose. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Bristles in the cerci and surstylar ventral lobe are very long. Measurements. TL = 0.90 (0.89–0.91) mm; WL = 2.01 (1.99–2.04) mm; TL/WL = 0.45 (0.44–0.46); HW/TL = 0.54; CI = 3.17 (3.09–3.25); 4V = 1.75 (1.68–1.82); 5X = 1.55 (1.37–1.72); 4C = 0.79 (0.75–0.83); M = 0.50 (0.47–0.53). Notes. Head of the male UHIM2016.48425 is absent.</p><p>Female (n = 2). Fits with the male in all characters, except for the color of the frontal vitta, which is yellow around the ptilinal suture and light brown in the interorbital area. Abdomen is dark brown, with continuous black bands around the tergites margins. Anterior reclinate 48% (41–54%) length of proclinate. Proclinate 64% (59–69%) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 65% (65–66%) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 51% length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 0.94 (0.88–1.01) mm; WL = 2.16 (2.10–2.22) mm; TL/WL = 0.44 (0.42–0.45); HW/TL = 0.53 (0.51–0.55); CI = 3.513 (3.510 –3.516); 4V = 1.68 (1.65–1.72); 5X = 1.57 (1.24–1.90); 4C = 0.73 (0.71–0.75); M = 0.51 (0.44–0.58). Notes. Anterior katepisternal seta of female UHIM2016.48426 is broken.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Kauaʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48428), allotype female (UHIM2016.48429), and paratypes (UHIM2016.48425, 48426) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48428) . Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM2016.48429) . Paratypes. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48425) and 1 ♀ (UHIM2016.48426). Mōhihi, Kauaʻi, 27 Jun 1964, L. H. Throckmorton col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Hiʻiaka, the goddess of hula, healing, and forests, known as Pele’s sister and protector.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.text	985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza hinae Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza hinae R ampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 24)</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus is strongly curved in posterior view. The surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly, is shorter than the cercal plates and reaches a similar length as the epandrial posterior lobe A marginal row of seven sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel and first flagellomere black. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50% as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face black. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is black, becoming densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle black in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is aligned and inserted halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 50% length of proclinate. Proclinate 50% length of posterior reclinate. Gena black in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Subvibrissal setae 45% length of vibrissae. Mouthparts dark brown. Palps dark brown with two apical black setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutelum black in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura black in ground color and gray pollinose. 2 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 61% length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly black. The front basitarsus is about 35% as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. The wing was folded, so it was not possible to conduct the morphometry. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 24 C-E). Male terminalia dark. Epandrium is broad, with an anterodorsal phragma and small epandrial posterior lobe. In posterior view, the surstylus is strongly curved. The surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly, is shorter than the cercal plates and reaches a similar length as the epandrial posterior lobe. A marginal row of seven sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long.</p><p>Measurements. TL = 0.86 mm; HW/TL = 0.68.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Kauaʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48349) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48349). Mōhihi Stream, Kōkeʻe, Kauaʻi, 07 Nov 1963, M. R. Wheeler col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Hina, the goddess of the moon, femininity, and creation, associated with tides.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6.text	985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza latitergum Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza latitergum Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 25)</p><p>Scaptomyza latitergum Hardy, 1965: 704 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male terminalia very dark and unusually broad in posterior view. In posterior view, the surstylus is large and with a complex shape, with three projections in the inner margin. A slender and pointed lobe is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. The middle portion of the surstylus also exhibits a projection, with seven surstylar teeth distributed alongside its margin. In the ventral portion, there is a rounded lobe with long bristles. The dorsal surstylar lobe is much longer than middle and ventral lobes.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. This species uses flowers of native ‘āhinahina [silversword] ( Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Asteraceae) as breeding site (Hardy 1965).</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6536, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 06 Jul 1958, L. W. Quate col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01440), Trail Head to the Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 06 Jul 1958, silversword, Argyroxiphium sp. ( Asteraceae), L. W. Quate col., D. E. Hardy det.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.text	985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza mauii Rampasso & O'Grady 2025	<div><p>Scaptomyza mauii Rampasso &amp; O’Grady, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 26)</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus presents two lobes in posterior view. The dorsal lobe extends medially and posteriorly. In lateral view, the dorsal lobe has a pointed and hooklike projection. The middle portion of the surstylus is straight in posterior view and a well-developed ventral lobe extends medially. A marginal row of ten sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus.</p><p>Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Head absent. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum light brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 4 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura yellow and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 61% length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly light brown. Most legs are partially or entirely broken. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 26 C-E). Male terminalia light brown. Epandrium is broad, with no anterodorsal phragma, ventral, or posterior lobes. In posterior view, the surstylus presents two lobes. The dorsal lobe extends medially and posteriorly. In lateral view, the dorsal lobe has a pointed and hooklike projection. The middle portion of the surstylus is straight in posterior view and a well-developed ventral lobe extends medially. A marginal row of ten sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 0.95 mm; WL = 2.09 mm; TL/WL = 0.46; CI = 3.85; 4V = 2.04; 5X = 2.00; 4C = 0.73; M = 0.58.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (UHIM2016.48277) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum .</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2016.48277). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Maui, the clever demigod known as a legendary trickster, responsible for slowing down the sun and fishing up islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671.text	985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza obscuricornis (Grimshaw 1901)	<div><p>Scaptomyza obscuricornis (Grimshaw, 1901)</p><p>(Fig. 27)</p><p>Drosophila obscuricornis Grimshaw, 1901: 71 .</p><p>Scaptomyza obscuricornis Hardy, 1965: 718 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male terminalia dark and usually flat in lateral view. In posterior view, the surstylus has two conspicuous and hooklike lobes. The dorsal lobe is broad and short, whereas the ventral lobe is long and slender. The inner margin of the surstylus has a distinct S-shape. No surstylar tooth is observed.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The type material (not examined) is deposited in the Natural History Museum (London).</p><p>Material Examined. 1♂ terminalia in a microvial attached to the pin of 1 ♀ (UHIM2015.01634), Upper ʻŌlaʻa Forest, Hawaiʻi, 4,000 ft. [1,219 m], Jul 1956, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Notes. The specimen UHIM 2015.01634 is an undissected female, which contained a dissected male terminalia in a microvial, attached to the pin. While the male terminalia matches the description and illustrations of S. obscuricornis in Hardy (1965), it is impossible to determine if the female is conspecific, therefore, the female specimen was excluded from this manuscript.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.text	985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptomyza paralobae Hardy 1965	<div><p>Scaptomyza paralobae Hardy, 1965</p><p>(Fig. 28)</p><p>Scaptomyza paralobae Hardy, 1965: 725 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male terminalia dark. In posterior view, the surstylus has two conspicuous lobes. The dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which is much longer than the other terminal sclerites in lateral view. The ventral lobe extends medially and presents a group of long bristles. A marginal row of nine surstylar teeth in found in the middle portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6546, on pin) and allotype female (6546a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Mauna Loa, Hawaiʻi, 4,272 ft. [1,302 m], Aug 1956, D. E. Hardy col.</p><p>Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM2015.01770). Pauahi, Hawaiʻi, 4,300 ft. [1,310 m], Aug 1956, D. E. Hardy col., 1962 D. E. Hardy det.</p><p>Scaptomyza recta Hardy, 1965: 740 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Surstylus has two conspicuous lobes in posterior view. The dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which reaches a similar length as the cecal plates in lateral view. The ventral lobe extends medially and presents a group of long bristles. A marginal row of surstylar teeth is found in the middle portion of the surstylus.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.</p><p>Ecology. Unknown.</p><p>Types. The holotype male (6554, on pin) and allotype female (6554a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Puʻu Kukui, Maui, 20 Dec 1928, O. H. Swezey col.</p><p>Notes. We did not have access to any specimen of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rampasso, Augusto Santos;O’Grady, Patrick Michael	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
