taxonID	type	description	language	source
985E87A79E1AFF99E8FCF8ACFE6C002E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgenus may be recognized by head usually square-shaped in lateral view and arista usually with two dorsal and no ventral branches, sometimes lacking the terminal fork. Thorax bears only one postpronotal seta, and two to six rows of acrostichal setae between the anterior dorsocentrals. Male terminalia presents broad epandrium, often possessing strong ventral lobes; cerci well-developed and, although usually without modifications, may exhibit a ventral lobe that ranges from small to longer than the cerci itself in some taxa; surstylus with a strongly concave ventral lobe; surstylar teeth along at least part of the inner margin. Female terminalia presents oviscapt, usually with weakly sclerotized valves, and no ovisensilla (Hackman 1959, 1962; Hardy 1965, 1966; Hackman 1982).	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1BFF99E8FCFE73FBC00352.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in the cyrtandrae group are associated with native Cyrtandra spp. (Gesneriaceae) as both feeding and breeding sites (Fig. 1). These taxa have 4 rows of acrostichal setae on the mesonotum and pale-yellow bodies (Fig. 2) that darken progressively (Fig. 3) with age (Burgunder et al. 2022).	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFE76FC960259.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFE76FC960259.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus strongly developed, extending posteriorly and medially, in an L-shape. Eight surstylar teeth are distributed along the distal margin of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFE76FC960259.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFE76FC960259.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species is associated with leaves of native Cyrtandra spp. (Gesneriaceae) as both feeding and breeding sites (Burgunder et al. 2022). Types. The holotype male (6519, on pin) and allotype female (6519 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM. Napau Crater, Hawaiʻi, 2,900 ft [884 m], Jul 1956, D. E. Hardy.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFC68FCB604D5.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFC68FCB604D5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus strongly developed dorsoventrally, with three posterior projections. The dorsal projection is digitate and bears a single surstylar tooth at the apex; the medial is blunt, whereas the ventral projection is apically narrowed in lateral view.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFC68FCB604D5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9FE8FCFC68FCB604D5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species is associated with leaves of native Cyrtandra spp. (Gesneriaceae) as both feeding and breeding sites (Burgunder et al. 2022). Types. The holotype male and allotype female are deposited in BPBM. Carson Trail, Waikamoi (Haʻikū Uka), Maui, 3,600 ft [1,097 m], 6 Aug 2005, O 305.2, 205635, P. M. O’Grady, G. M. Bennett col. New collection records: 3 ♂♂ (UHIM 2016.41062, 41065, 41066), 4 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.41063, 41064, 41067, 41068), and 1 undetermined sex (UHIM 2016.41072), Waikamoi (Haʻikū Uka area), Maui, 4,000 ft [1,219 m], 09 Apr 1969, on Cyrtandra sp. (Gesneriaceae), D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1DFF9DE8FCF9EBFA680202.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in this group are characterized by conspicuous posterior epandrial lobes in male terminalia. Mesonotum ranging from light to dark brown, densely gray pollinose, and with 6 regular rows of acrostichal setae.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a well-developed and sharp-pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in lateral view, small in lateral view. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Epandrial posterior lobes and surstyli are often in an interdigitate arrangement. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species uses unknown substrates of native Lobelia gloria-montis (Campanulaceae) as breeding site (Heed 1968). Types. The holotype male (6502, on pin) and allotype female (6502 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Aug 1958, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFB6DFEF807D1.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.00161), Puʻu Kukui, Maui, 4,000 ft. [1,219 m], 04 Aug 1964, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E1FFF9DE8FCFC20FB620529.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by sharply pointed epandrial posterior lobe, articulated with the rest of the epandrium in male terminalia. Surstylus and surstylar teeth are variable.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a strong and sharp-pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of few and sparse surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Molokaʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6507, on pin) and allotype female (6507 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Keanakolu, Hawaiʻi, 5,216 ft [1,590 m], Oct 1952, D. E. Hardy.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E10FF92E8FCFA06FDE106A0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.00197), Keanakolu, Hawaiʻi, 5,200 ft. [1,585 m], Oct 1952, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a well-developed and broad posterior lobe, which becomes pointed posteriorly. Surstylus is large and curved in posterior view, in a similar shape as the epandrial posterior lobe in lateral view. A row of eight surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species uses leaves of native ʻōlapa (Cheirodendron trigynum, Araliacaeae) as breeding site (Heed 1968). Types. The holotype male (6518, on pin) and allotype female (6518 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E11FF93E8FCFA96FC4206A3.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01070), Kūlani, Hawaiʻi, 5,200 ft. [1,585 m], Jul 1952, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det. Other material. 1 ♂ (OG 515.4), Puʻu ʻŌʻō, Saddle Road, Hawaiʻi, 11 Jan 2009, P. M. O’Grady, G. M. Bennett, S. Bridgers, K. Tran, E. Young, S. Souder col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E12FF96E8FCFA13FE6700E6.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E12FF96E8FCFA13FE6700E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A group of ten surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, not organized in a row.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E12FF96E8FCFA13FE6700E6.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel brown and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 5 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is brown, becoming dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate inserted posterolaterally to proclinate orbital. Anterior reclinate 63 % length of proclinate. Proclinate 50 % length of posterior reclinate. Gena pale yellow. Subvibrissal setae 75 % length of vibrissae. Mouthparts light brown, and palps yellow with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae convergent. Pleura brown and densely gray pollinose. 2 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae approximately 53 % length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25 % as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 7 C- E). Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Epandrium bears an anterodorsal phragma and no ventral lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A group of ten surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, not organized in a row. A group of large bristles is found in the middle portion of the surstylus. Cerci are undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are almost as long as high. Measurements. TL = 0.87 mm; WL = 2.08 mm; TL / WL = 0.37; HW / TL = 0.60; CI = 4.81; 4 V = 1.77; 5 X = 2.21; 4 C = 0.51; M = 0.61.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E12FF96E8FCFA13FE6700E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui. Ecology. Dr. W. B. Heed recorded this species using unidentified leaf mold as their breeding site. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48333) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum. Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48333). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], 23 Jul 1963, reared ex leaf mold, W. B. Heed col. Etymology. This species is named after Kanaloa, the god of the ocean, winds, and the underworld, often seen as Kāne’s counterpart.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A row of five small surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel brown and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is light brown, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally and halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 27 % length of proclinate. Proclinate 94 % length of posterior reclinate. Gena light brown. Subvibrissal setae 58 % length of vibrissae. Mouthparts brown and palps dark brown with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura brown in ground color and densely pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 60 % length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25 % as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 8 C-E). Epandrium broad, with a small and pointed posterior lobe. Epandrium bears an anterodorsal phragma and no ventral lobe. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A row of five small surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Cerci are undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are almost two times higher than long. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose. Measurements. TL = 0.94 mm; WL = 2.10 mm; TL / WL = 0.47; HW / TL = 0.60; CI = 4.03; 4 V = 1.46; 5 X = 1.40; 4 C = 0.58; M = 0.40. Female (n = 4). Fits with the male in all characters. Abdomen predominantly dark brown. Anterior reclinate 46 % (42 – 50 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 64 % (61 – 68 %) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 58 % (50 – 67 %) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 54 % (39 – 61 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 1.023 (1.019 – 1.026) mm; WL = 2.33 (2.23 – 2.39) mm; TL / WL = 0.45 (0.44 – 0.47); HW / TL = 0.56 (0.49 – 0.63); CI = 4.82 (4.22 – 6.30); 4 V = 1.53 (1.25 – 1.76); 5 X = 1.64 (1.56 – 1.69); 4 C = 0.52 (0.37 – 0.62); M = 0.48 (0.42 – 0.55).	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Dr. W. B. Heed recorded this species using unidentified leaf mold as their breeding site. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48312), allotype female (UHIM 2016.48313), and three paratypes (UHIM 2016.48314 – 48316) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48312). Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM 2016.48313). Paratypes. 3 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.48314 – 48316). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], 23 Jul 1963, leaf mold, W. B. Heed col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E14FF96E8FCFE3BFB110622.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Lono, the god of agriculture, fertility, peace, and rain.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium is greatly enlarged in lateral view, and the anterodorsal margin extends significantly towards the dorsal region. A small epandrial posterior lobe is observed, with a narrow ventral process that is projected posteriorly. Surstylus is straight in posterior view, short and broad in lateral view. A row of five small surstylar teeth is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of large bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci are very small in comparison to the epandrium.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6545, on pin) and allotype female (6545 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Jun 1953, C. R. Joyce col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E15FF94E8FCF92DFD7D00C2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01674), Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	description	(Fig. 10)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a well-developed and broad posterior lobe, with a pointed projection in the posterior region. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, and large and broad in lateral view. No surstylar teeth are present. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6562, on pin) and allotype female (6562 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,980 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.02593), Haelaau, Maui, 5,300 ft. [1,615 m], 18 Dec 1928, Lobelia gloria-montis (Campanulaceae), E. H. Bryan Jr. col., D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium is greatly enlarged in lateral view, and the anterodorsal margin extends significantly towards the dorsal region. A small epandrial posterior lobe is observed, with a rounded anteroventral region, with a process that projects posteriorly. Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. A group of large bristles is found in the middle portion of the surstylus. Cerci are very small in comparison to the epandrium.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E17FF8AE8FCFF77FC9700E6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6565, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Puʻu Kihe, North slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaiʻi, 8,005 ft [2,440 m], Oct 1952, D. E. Hardy. Notes. We did not have access to specimens of this species.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF8AE8FCFE30FE260315.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by an epandrial posterior lobe that is broad and blunt in male terminalia. Surstyli are usually long and curved. Surtylar teeth, when present, are found exclusively on the dorsal region of the surstyli.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.taxon	description	(Figs. 11 – 12)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a broad and blunt posterior lobe, square-shaped. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.taxon	description	Redescription. Male (n = 11). Head. Pedicel yellow and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 5 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is yellow, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally and halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 35 % (27 – 40 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 81 % (65 – 94 %) length of posterior reclinate. Gena light brown in ground color and gray pollinose. Subvibrissal setae 53 % (42 – 70 %) length of vibrissae. Mouthparts yellow and palps yellow with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum densely gray pollinose, light brown in the anterior region, becoming darker posteriorly. Scutellum brown in ground color and densely pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura light brown in ground color and gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 43 % (26 – 53 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25 % as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Predominantly dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 12 A-F). Epandrium broad, with a broad and blunt posterior lobe, square-shaped. No anterodorsal phragma or epandrial ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 1.21 (1.06 – 1.35) mm; WL = 2.48 (2.00 – 2.67) mm; TL / WL = 0.49 (0.46 – 0.53); HW / TL = 0.56 (0.50 – 0.62); CI = 3.44 (3.00 – 3.82); 4 V = 1.47 (1.36 – 1.63); 5 X = 1.69 (1.33 – 2.45); 4 C = 0.68 (0.59 – 0.80); M = 0.47 (0.41 – 0.66). Female (n = 10). Fits with the male in all characters. Anterior reclinate 47 % (35 – 56 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 79 % (66 – 88 %) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 56 % (39 – 68 %) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 44 % (36 – 61 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 1.17 (1.10 – 1.26) mm; WL = 2.55 (2.44 – 2.67) mm; TL / WL = 0.48 (0.47 – 0.51); HW / TL = 0.55 (0.50 – 0.62); CI = 3.2 (1.27 – 3.78); 4 V = 1.48 (1.38 – 1.56); 5 X = 1.67 (1.47 – 2.00); 4 C = 0.67 (0.59 – 0.78); M = 0.47 (0.41 – 0.58).	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui, possibly Molokaʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species uses bark, flowers, fruits, and leaves of native ʻōhā (Clermontia spp., Campanulaceae) (Magnacca et al. 2008) and fruits of Hawaiian raspberry (Rubus sp., Rosaceae) (Heed 1968) as breeding sites. Types. The holotype male (not examined) is deposited in the Natural History Museum (London). The homeotype male (not examined; UHIM 2016.45348) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E08FF88E8FCFD2CFCAC048A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 2 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.45351, UHIM 2016.45352), 1 undetermined sex (specimen in microvial, no UHIM accession code), South Kohala Mountains, Hawaiʻi, 3,700 ft. [1,128 m], 28 Jun 1966, reared ex Clermontia sp. (Campanulaceae) Fruits / Flowers, Stem / Leaves, G 87 A, W. B. Heed col. 33 ♂♂ (UHIM 2016.4529, 45293, 45296, 45299 – 45301, 45304 – 45309, 45312, 45313, 45315, 45317, 45318, 45320 – 45322, 45325, 45329, 45330, 45333, 45334, 45337 – 45340, 45345 – 45348), 26 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.45292, 45294, 45295, 45297, 45298, 45302, 45303, 45310, 45311, 45314, 45316, 45319, 45323, 45324, 45327, 45328, 45331, 45332, 45335, 45336, 45341 – 45344, 45349, 45350), 1 undetermined sex (UHIM 2016.45326), Puʻu Hualālai, Hawaiʻi, 01 Jul 1966, collected on Clermontia sp. (Campanulaceae) fruits, G 90 A, W. B. Heed col. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01214), Puʻu Hualālai, Hawaiʻi, 13 Jun 1966, reared ex raspberry fruit, G 19 A, W. B. Heed col. 1 ♂ (OG 522.1. B), End of Tom’s Trail (R Road), Stainback Highway, Waiākea Forest Reserve, Hawaiʻi, Cyanea sp. (Campanulaceae), 15 Jan 2009, P. M. O’Grady, J. Price, E. Young col. Notes. This redescription was written based on 21 specimens that were deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Insect Museum (UHIM) as undescribed species. We recognized these flies as Scaptomyza exigua based on the redescription prepared by Hardy (1965) and comparison with non-type specimens from the UHIM and the O’Grady Lab ethanol collection. The habitus (Fig. 11 A-B) and male terminalia (Fig. 12 A-C) of these specimens were imaged and presented in this publication, in comparison to the specimens used for the redescription (Figs. 11 C- D, 12 D-F) to demonstrate they correspond to the same species.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	description	(Fig. 13)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium is greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. Epandrial posterior lobe is broad and blunt, square-shaped. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of five surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 6). Head. Pedicel brown, tinged with yellow, and first flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is yellow, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally and halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 38 % (27 – 47 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 88 % (79 – 94 %) length of posterior reclinate. Gena light brown. Subvibrissal setae 68 % (62 – 78 %) length of vibrissae. Mouthparts yellow and palps yellow with two black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae ranging from convergent to cruciate. Pleura brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 46 % (41 – 48 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 25 % as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Predominantly dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 13 C-E). Epandrium is greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. Epandrial posterior lobe is broad and blunt, square-shaped. No anterodorsal phragma or epandrial ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of five surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 1.22 (1.11 – 1.32) mm; WL = 2.58 (2.39 – 2.77) mm; TL / WL = 0.50 (0.48 – 0.53); HW / TL = 0.57 (0.50 – 0.64); CI = 3.85 (3.42 – 3.78); 4 V = 1.59 (1.46 – 1.69); 5 X = 1.85 (1.63 – 1.94); 4 C = 0.69 (0.63 – 0.73); M = 0.51 (0.46 – 0.59). Female (n = 10). Fits with the male in all characters. Anterior reclinate 47 % (33 – 58 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 81 % (63 – 92 %) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 52 % (35 – 63 %) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 48 % (37 – 55 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 1.15 (1.05 – 1.30) mm; WL = 2.38 (2.19 – 2.64) mm; TL / WL = 0.49 (0.47 – 0.51); HW / TL = 0.55 (0.52 – 0.59); CI = 3.33 (3.00 – 3.70); 4 V = 1.52 (1.34 – 1.78); 5 X = 1.66 (1.47 – 1.88); 4 C = 0.71 (0.61 – 0.82); M = 0.48 (0.43 – 0.59).	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Dr. H. L. Carson recorded this species using fruits of native ʻōhā (Clermontia sp., Campanulaceae) as their breeding site. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48294), allotype female (UHIM 2016.48296), and paratypes (UHIM 2016.48298 – 48305, 48295, 48297, 48345 – 48348) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48294). Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM 2016.48296). Paratypes. 6 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.48295, 48297, 48345 – 48348). Pāwaina, Hawaiʻi, 3,000 ft. [914 m], 13 Jul 1965, reared ex Clermontia sp. (Campanulaceae) fruit, C 129.24, H. L. Carson col. 5 ♂♂ (UHIM 2016.48298 – 48301, 48305), 3 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.48302 – 48304), Pāwaina, Hawaiʻi, 3,000 ft. [914 m], 18 Jul 1964, C 105, H. L. Carson col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0AFF8EE8FCF9D7FE17039E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Kāne, the chief creator god, associated with light, life, and fresh water, and the ancestor of humanity.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	description	(Fig. 14)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with small posterior lobe, acute at apex. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, large in posterior view with a dorsal region that extends posteriorly. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, concentrated in the region that extends posteriorly. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 2). Head. Pedicel and first flagellomere ranging from light brown to brown. Arista damaged. Eyes dark red and face brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is yellow brown, becoming brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate inserted posterolaterally to proclinate orbital. Anterior reclinate 37 % (33 – 41 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 94 % (80 – 107 %) length of posterior reclinate. Gena yellow. Subvibrissal setae 52 % (50 – 54 %) length of vibrissae. Mouthparts yellow and palps yellow with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 regular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura brown in ground color and gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 49 % (45 – 52 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly yellow. The front basitarsus is about 35 % as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 14 C – E). Epandrium broad, with small posterior lobe, acute at apex. No anterodorsal phragma or epandrial ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, large in posterior view with a dorsal region that extends posteriorly. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, concentrated in the region that extends posteriorly. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 0.886 (0.882 – 0.889) mm; WL = 1.72 (1.66 – 1.77) mm; TL / WL = 0.515 (0.513 – 0.517); HW / TL = 0.55 (0.49 – 0.61); CI = 3.64 (3.58 – 3.70); 4 V = 1.61 (1.57 – 1.65); 5 X = 1.54 (1.50 – 1.58); 4 C = 0.67 (0.66 – 0.68); M = 0.476 (0.475 – 0.478). Female (n = 4). Fits with the male in all characters. Arista with 1 – 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus an inconspicuous terminal fork. Anterior reclinate 47 % (43 – 52 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 76 % (69 – 81 %) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 52 % (45 – 60 %) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 47 % (39 – 54 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 1.04 (1.01 – 1.08) mm; WL = 2.14 (2.07 – 2.26) mm; TL / WL = 0.50 (0.48 – 0.52); HW / TL = 0.56 (0.53 – 0.65); CI = 3.45 (3.22 – 3.73); 4 V = 1.65 (1.53 – 1.72); 5 X = 1.39 (1.29 – 1.53); 4 C = 0.73 (0.72 – 0.74); M = 0.45 (0.43 – 0.48).	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Oʻahu.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Dr. H. L. Carson recorded this species using leaves of native ʻōhā (Clermontia sp., Campanulaceae) as their breeding site. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.46539), allotype female (UHIM 2016.46537), and paratypes (UHIM 2016.46538, 46534 – 46536) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.46539). Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM 2016.46537). Paratypes. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.46538) and 3 ♀♀ (UHIM 2016.46534 – 46536). Palikea, Oʻahu, 11 May 1966, reared ex Clermontia sp. (Campanulaceae) leaves, G 56 A, W. B. Heed col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0CFF8FE8FCFCA3FECB0697.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Kū, the god of war, strength, and governance, associated with sacrifice and prosperity.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF.taxon	description	(Fig. 15)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a broad and blunt posterior lobe. Surstylus is slightly curved and broad in posterior view, large and broad in lateral view. No surstylar tooth is observed. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6548, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, Aug 1958, light trap, J. W. Beardsley col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFF77FE0803EF.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01778), Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, Aug 1958, light trap, J. W. Beardsley col., D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632.taxon	description	(Fig. 16)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium enlarged in comparison to the terminalia, significantly extending dorsally. Epandrial posterior lobes are proportionally small and blunt. Surstylus is large and curved in posterior view. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle portion of the surstylus. Cerci are small in comparison to the epandrium.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6561, on pin) and allotype female (6561 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, Aug 1958, light trap, J. W. Beardsley col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0EFF8CE8FCFA94FC1B0632.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.02588), Upper Hāmākua ditch trail, Kohala Mountains, Hawaiʻi, 03 Sep 1919, Clermontia sp. (Campanulaceae), O. H. Swezey col., D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA.taxon	description	(Fig. 17)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with broad posterior lobe, acute at apex. Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, small in lateral view. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, and another surstylar tooth is found in the middle portion. A few large and sparse bristles are found in the ventral portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Oʻahu, Kauaʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species uses fruits of native ʻōhā (Clermontia sp., Campanulaceae) and flowers of Lobelia sp. (Campanulaceae) as breeding sites (Heed 1968). Types. The holotype male (6572, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Mount Waiʻaleʻale Trail, Kauaʻi, 4,495 ft [1,370 m], Aug 1953, D. E. Hardy.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E0FFF82E8FCF9EBFBAF01BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.02220), KōkeʻeWaiʻalae, Kauaʻi, 4,125 ft. [1,257 m], 21 Jun 1966, reared ex Clermontia sp. (Campanulaceae) fruits and flowers, G 83 B, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E00FF82E8FCF9A5FF220780.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in this group are characterized by distinctly bilobate surstyli in the male terminalia. Mesonotum ranging from light brown to black, densely gray pollinose, and with 4 – 6 irregular rows of acrostichal setae.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF83E8FCFABAFAE9048F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by bilobate, enlarged, and curved surstyli, without an elaborated dorsal lobe. Surstylar teeth present in the dorsal region of the surstyli in the male terminalia.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA.taxon	description	(Fig. 18)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large, curved and with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A marginal row of ten surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle portion of the surstylus. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6511, on pin) and allotype female (6511 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Kaʻula Gulch, Hawaiʻi, 6,990 ft. [2,130 m], Aug 1952, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E01FF80E8FCF9D2FCF001BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.00322), Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, 11 Oct 1929, Silene sp. (Caryophyllaceae), O. H. Swezey col., D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6.taxon	description	(Fig. 19)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A marginal row of numerous surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. Surstylus is large and broad in lateral view. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6517, on pin) and allotype female (6517 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,515 ft. [1,986 m], Aug 1958, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E02FF81E8FCF907FAF200E6.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01062), Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Aug 1958, D. E. Hardy col., D. E. Hardy det. Other material. 1 ♂ (OG 07 - 0549), Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,400 ft. [1,950 m], 02 Aug 2007, on and under Cheirodendron sp. (Araliaceae), K. N. Magnacca col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	description	(Fig. 20)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male terminalia dark. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A row of 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel and first flagellomere brown. Dorsal and ventral of the arista damaged. Terminal fork about 35 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face light brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is light brown, becoming dark brown and gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally from the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals, close to the proclinate. Anterior reclinate 29 % length of proclinate. Proclinate 82 % length of posterior reclinate. Gena and mouthparts brown. Subvibrissal setae 43 % length of vibrissae. Palps brown with two apical black setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 4 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae absent. Pleura dark brown in color and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Posterior katepisternal seta damaged. Legs. Predominantly light brown. Most legs are partially or entirely broken. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 20 C-E). Male terminalia very dark. Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. The surstylar dorsal lobe projects posteriorly. A row of 11 surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe. Cerci densely setose. Bristles of cerci and surstyli are very long. Measurements. TL = 0.89 mm; WL = 2.36 mm; TL / WL = 0.40; HW / TL = 0.60; CI = 3.79; 4 V = 1.45; 5 X = 1.28; 4 C = 0.61; M = 0.37.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48317) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48317). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Jul 1953, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E04FF87E8FCFF77FE5C0256.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Kamohoaliʻi, the shark god and guardian of sailors, believed to guide lost ships back to safety.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	description	(Fig. 21)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, with another tooth located more internally.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel dark brown, tinged with brown. First flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 6 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face dark brown. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is light brown, becoming dark brown in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is inserted posterolaterally from the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals, close to the proclinate. Anterior reclinate broken. Proclinate 52 % length of posterior reclinate. Gena and mouthparts brown. Subvibrissal setae 47 % length of vibrissae. Palps brown with two apical black setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum brown in color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 4 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae and apical scutellar setae broken. Pleura brown in color and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Posterior katepisternal seta damaged. Legs. Predominantly light brown. Most legs are partially or entirely broken. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 21 C-E). Epandrium broad, with a ventral lobe. Surstylus is large and semi-circular, with a well-developed ventral lobe in posterior view. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, with another tooth located more internally. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral lobe. Cerci densely setose. Bristles of cerci and surstyli are very long. Measurements. TL = 1.01 mm; WL = 2.20 mm; TL / WL = 0.45; HW / TL = 0.55; CI = 3.65; 4 V = 1.40; 5 X = 1.59; 4 C = 0.63; M = 0.43.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48350) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48350). Pauahi, Hawaiʻi, 4,300 ft. [1,310 m], Aug 1952, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E05FF87E8FCFC6BFC0806FA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Pele, the fiery and passionate goddess of volcanoes and creation, residing in Kīlauea, in close proximity from where this species was collected.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF84E8FCF9B5FEE40790.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species placed in this subgroup are characterized by bilobate surstyli in the male terminalia. The dorsal portion of the surstyli usually extends medially and posteriorly, forming a well-developed and conspicuous projection.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376.taxon	description	(Fig. 22)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male terminalia very dark. In posterior view, the surstylus is large and with a complex shape, with three projections in the inner margin. A pointed lobe is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. The middle portion of the surstylus also exhibits a projection, with five surstylar teeth distributed alongside its margin. In the ventral portion, there is a rounded lobe with long bristles. The dorsal and ventral surstylar lobes have similar lengths, whereas the middle lobe is shorter.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6501, on pin) and allotype female (6501 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Keanakolu, Kaʻula Gulch, Hawaiʻi, 6,990 ft. [2,130 m], 29 Oct 1952, C. P. Hoyt col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E06FF85E8FCF8B1FD390376.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.00155). 1965, D. E. Hardy det. Notes. No collection information on the label.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	description	(Fig. 23)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus presents two long and slender lobes, in the dorsal and ventral regions, visible in both posterior and lateral views. The surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly and presents a few long bristles in the terminal margin. The surstylar ventral lobe has a rounded base, with a long and slender projection that extends posteriorly, reaching a similar length as the cercal plates. A group of sparse bristles is found in the round base of the surstylar ventral region, whereas the apex of the slender posterior projection is densely setose.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 2). Head. Pedicel dark brown, tinged with brown. First flagellomere dark brown. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face dark brown. Frontal vitta dark brown. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle dark brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate inserted posterolaterally to proclinate orbital. Anterior reclinate 39 % length of proclinate. Proclinate 65 % length of posterior reclinate. Gena pale yellow. Subvibrissal setae 74 % length of vibrissae. Mouthparts light brown, and palps dark brown with 2 black apical setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum dark brown and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura dark brown in the dorsal region, becoming light brown ventrally. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 57 % (52 – 62 %) length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly light brown. The front basitarsus is about 35 % as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Predominantly dark brown. Male terminalia (Figs. 23 C – E). Male terminalia brown. Epandrium is broad, with no anterodorsal phragma, ventral, or posterior lobes. The surstylus presents two long and slender lobes, in the dorsal and ventral regions, visible in both posterior and lateral views. The surstylar dorsal lobe extends posteriorly and presents a few long bristles in the terminal margin. The surstylar ventral lobe has a rounded base, with a long and slender projection that extends posteriorly, reaching a similar length as the cercal plates. A group of sparse bristles is found in the round base of the surstylar ventral region, whereas the apex of the slender posterior projection is densely setose. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Bristles in the cerci and surstylar ventral lobe are very long. Measurements. TL = 0.90 (0.89 – 0.91) mm; WL = 2.01 (1.99 – 2.04) mm; TL / WL = 0.45 (0.44 – 0.46); HW / TL = 0.54; CI = 3.17 (3.09 – 3.25); 4 V = 1.75 (1.68 – 1.82); 5 X = 1.55 (1.37 – 1.72); 4 C = 0.79 (0.75 – 0.83); M = 0.50 (0.47 – 0.53). Notes. Head of the male UHIM 2016.48425 is absent. Female (n = 2). Fits with the male in all characters, except for the color of the frontal vitta, which is yellow around the ptilinal suture and light brown in the interorbital area. Abdomen is dark brown, with continuous black bands around the tergites margins. Anterior reclinate 48 % (41 – 54 %) length of proclinate. Proclinate 64 % (59 – 69 %) length of posterior reclinate. Subvibrissal setae 65 % (65 – 66 %) length of vibrissae. Anterior katepisternal setae 51 % length of posterior katepisternal setae. Measurements. TL = 0.94 (0.88 – 1.01) mm; WL = 2.16 (2.10 – 2.22) mm; TL / WL = 0.44 (0.42 – 0.45); HW / TL = 0.53 (0.51 – 0.55); CI = 3.513 (3.510 – 3.516); 4 V = 1.68 (1.65 – 1.72); 5 X = 1.57 (1.24 – 1.90); 4 C = 0.73 (0.71 – 0.75); M = 0.51 (0.44 – 0.58). Notes. Anterior katepisternal seta of female UHIM 2016.48426 is broken.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Kauaʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48428), allotype female (UHIM 2016.48429), and paratypes (UHIM 2016.48425, 48426) are deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48428). Allotype. 1 ♀ (UHIM 2016.48429). Paratypes. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48425) and 1 ♀ (UHIM 2016.48426). Mōhihi, Kauaʻi, 27 Jun 1964, L. H. Throckmorton col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E38FFBAE8FCFF77FEC70669.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Hiʻiaka, the goddess of hula, healing, and forests, known as Pele’s sister and protector.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	description	(Fig. 24)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus is strongly curved in posterior view. The surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly, is shorter than the cercal plates and reaches a similar length as the epandrial posterior lobe A marginal row of seven sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Pedicel and first flagellomere black. Arista with 2 dorsal, 0 ventral, and about 4 short inner branches, plus terminal fork. Terminal fork deep, about 50 % as long as basal segment of arista. Eyes dark red and face black. Frontal vitta, in the region around the ptilinal suture is black, becoming densely gray pollinose in the interorbital area. Frontal triangle, fronto-orbital plates, and ocellar triangle black in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Anterior reclinate is aligned and inserted halfway between the proclinate and posterior reclinate orbitals. Anterior reclinate 50 % length of proclinate. Proclinate 50 % length of posterior reclinate. Gena black in ground color and densely gray pollinose. Subvibrissal setae 45 % length of vibrissae. Mouthparts dark brown. Palps dark brown with two apical black setae. Thorax. Scutum and scutelum black in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 6 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura black in ground color and gray pollinose. 2 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 61 % length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly black. The front basitarsus is about 35 % as long as the tibia. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. The wing was folded, so it was not possible to conduct the morphometry. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 24 C-E). Male terminalia dark. Epandrium is broad, with an anterodorsal phragma and small epandrial posterior lobe. In posterior view, the surstylus is strongly curved. The surstylar dorsal lobe is blunt and extends posteriorly, is shorter than the cercal plates and reaches a similar length as the epandrial posterior lobe. A marginal row of seven sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus. A group of long bristles is found in the ventral portion of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 0.86 mm; HW / TL = 0.68.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Kauaʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48349) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48349). Mōhihi Stream, Kōkeʻe, Kauaʻi, 07 Nov 1963, M. R. Wheeler col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E39FFB8E8FCF996FEF902CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Hina, the goddess of the moon, femininity, and creation, associated with tides.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6.taxon	description	(Fig. 25)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male terminalia very dark and unusually broad in posterior view. In posterior view, the surstylus is large and with a complex shape, with three projections in the inner margin. A slender and pointed lobe is found in the dorsal portion of the surstylus. The middle portion of the surstylus also exhibits a projection, with seven surstylar teeth distributed alongside its margin. In the ventral portion, there is a rounded lobe with long bristles. The dorsal surstylar lobe is much longer than middle and ventral lobes.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species uses flowers of native ‘ āhinahina [silversword] (Argyroxiphium sandwicense, Asteraceae) as breeding site (Hardy 1965). Types. The holotype male (6536, on pin) is deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 06 Jul 1958, L. W. Quate col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3BFFBEE8FCFF77FBA900E6.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01440), Trail Head to the Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 06 Jul 1958, silversword, Argyroxiphium sp. (Asteraceae), L. W. Quate col., D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	description	(Fig. 26)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus presents two lobes in posterior view. The dorsal lobe extends medially and posteriorly. In lateral view, the dorsal lobe has a pointed and hooklike projection. The middle portion of the surstylus is straight in posterior view and a well-developed ventral lobe extends medially. A marginal row of ten sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1). Head. Head absent. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum light brown in ground color and densely gray pollinose. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal setae in 4 irregular rows when counted between anterior dorsocentral setae, becoming sparse posteriorly. Basal scutellar setae divergent and apical scutellar setae cruciate. Pleura yellow and densely gray pollinose. 1 postpronotal and 3 katepisternal setae present. Anterior katepisternal setae 61 % length of posterior katepisternal setae. Legs. Predominantly light brown. Most legs are partially or entirely broken. Wings. Hyaline without distinct pattern. Abdomen. Previously dissected. Male terminalia (Figs. 26 C-E). Male terminalia light brown. Epandrium is broad, with no anterodorsal phragma, ventral, or posterior lobes. In posterior view, the surstylus presents two lobes. The dorsal lobe extends medially and posteriorly. In lateral view, the dorsal lobe has a pointed and hooklike projection. The middle portion of the surstylus is straight in posterior view and a well-developed ventral lobe extends medially. A marginal row of ten sharp surstylar teeth is distributed in the middle and ventral portions of the surstylus. Cerci undifferentiated. In lateral view, the cercal plates are two times higher than long. Measurements. TL = 0.95 mm; WL = 2.09 mm; TL / WL = 0.46; CI = 3.85; 4 V = 2.04; 5 X = 2.00; 4 C = 0.73; M = 0.58.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (UHIM 2016.48277) is deposited in the University of Hawaiʻi Insect Museum.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2016.48277). Palikū, Haleakalā Crater, Maui, 6,500 ft. [1,981 m], Jun 1953, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFF77FD420536.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Maui, the clever demigod known as a legendary trickster, responsible for slowing down the sun and fishing up islands.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671.taxon	description	(Fig. 27)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male terminalia dark and usually flat in lateral view. In posterior view, the surstylus has two conspicuous and hooklike lobes. The dorsal lobe is broad and short, whereas the ventral lobe is long and slender. The inner margin of the surstylus has a distinct S-shape. No surstylar tooth is observed.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The type material (not examined) is deposited in the Natural History Museum (London).	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3DFFBFE8FCFB4BFD6D0671.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. 1 ♂ terminalia in a microvial attached to the pin of 1 ♀ (UHIM 2015.01634), Upper ʻŌlaʻa Forest, Hawaiʻi, 4,000 ft. [1,219 m], Jul 1956, D. E. Hardy col. Notes. The specimen UHIM 2015.01634 is an undissected female, which contained a dissected male terminalia in a microvial, attached to the pin. While the male terminalia matches the description and illustrations of S. obscuricornis in Hardy (1965), it is impossible to determine if the female is conspecific, therefore, the female specimen was excluded from this manuscript.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	description	(Fig. 28)	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male terminalia dark. In posterior view, the surstylus has two conspicuous lobes. The dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which is much longer than the other terminal sclerites in lateral view. The ventral lobe extends medially and presents a group of long bristles. A marginal row of nine surstylar teeth in found in the middle portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6546, on pin) and allotype female (6546 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Mauna Loa, Hawaiʻi, 4,272 ft. [1,302 m], Aug 1956, D. E. Hardy col.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Paratype. 1 ♂ (UHIM 2015.01770). Pauahi, Hawaiʻi, 4,300 ft. [1,310 m], Aug 1956, D. E. Hardy col., 1962 D. E. Hardy det.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Surstylus has two conspicuous lobes in posterior view. The dorsal lobe extends posteriorly into a broad and blunt projection, which reaches a similar length as the cecal plates in lateral view. The ventral lobe extends medially and presents a group of long bristles. A marginal row of surstylar teeth is found in the middle portion of the surstylus.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Hawaiian Islands: Maui.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
985E87A79E3EFFBCE8FCFC5BFC7306F9.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown. Types. The holotype male (6554, on pin) and allotype female (6554 a, on pin) are deposited in the BPBM (not examined). Puʻu Kukui, Maui, 20 Dec 1928, O. H. Swezey col. Notes. We did not have access to any specimen of this species.	en	Rampasso, Augusto Santos, O’Grady, Patrick Michael (2025): Review of Hawaiian Elmomyza species (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Scaptomyza). I. The cyrtandrae, exigua, and obscuricornis species groups, with the descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 5729 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.1.1
