taxonID	type	description	language	source
ED7038F0BC3658B0BC5E62217B81C6E3.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
ED7038F0BC3658B0BC5E62217B81C6E3.taxon	description	Description. Parasitic on aphids from Telosma cordata (Burm. f.) Merr. (Apocynaceae). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Mycelium superficial and immersed, with abundant sporulation on the surface of aphids. Conidiophores erect, fasciculate, macronematous, cylindrical, subnodulose or nodulose, geniculate, septate, branched, pale brown, slightly roughened to verruculose, thick-walled, and pronounced loci, 111 – 367 × 3.5 – 5 μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, cylindrical, cylindrical-oblong, sometimes geniculate, 20 – 65 × 3 – 6 μm, conidiogenous loci at the apex (2 – 5) or in lateral shoulders (0 – 4). Ramoconidia olive-green, 0 – 4 - septate, ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, smooth- and thick-walled, 10 – 26 × 3.5 – 7.5 μm. Secondary ramoconidia pale brown, oblong, oblong-ellipsoid, 0 – 1 septate, 1 – 4 distal hila, 8.5 – 13.5 × 3.5 – 7.5 μm. Conidia numerous, catenate, forming short branched chains, aseptate, olive to light olive, smooth- and thin-walled, variable in size and shape, ellipsoid-ovoid, obovoid, and fusiform, 4 – 10 × 3 – 6.5 μm. Intercalary conidia aseptate, olive to light olive, ellipsoid-ovoid, fusiform, 6 – 10 × 4 – 6.5 μm. Terminal conidia aseptate, olive to light olive, obovoid, 4 – 6.5 × 3 – 5.5 μm. Microcyclic conidiogenesis absent. In vitro on SNA: Mycelium abundant, submerged, overgrowing whole culture dishes, hyphae straight to slightly sinuous, septate and branched, light olive-green to olive-green, and thick-walled, 1.5 – 4.5 µm wide. Conidiophores erect, branched, light olive-green, thick-walled, 43 – 163 × 2.5 – 4 µm. Ramoconidia pale olivegreen, narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical-oblong, subcylindrical, septate or aseptate, smooth- and thick-walled, 6 – 27 × 3 – 5 µm. Conidia in simple and branched acropetal chains, light olive, aseptate, smooth- and thin-walled, variable in size and shape, ellipsoid-ovoid, obovoid, fusiform, 3 – 8 × 2.5 – 4 µm. Intercalary conidia light olive, aseptate, smooth- and thin-walled, mostly ellipsoid, 3.5 – 8 × 2.5 – 4 µm. Terminal conidia light olive, aseptate, smooth- and thin-walled, mostly ovoid, 3 – 4.5 × 2.5 – 3.5 µm.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
ED7038F0BC3658B0BC5E62217B81C6E3.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. All conidia can germinate within 12 h in sterile distilled water, with tubes forming from any part. Colonies on MEA attaining 35 – 45 mm diameter, after 1 week at 25 ° C, dark green, white to greyish toward regular margins, velvety, sporulation profuse, radially furrowed, aerial mycelium abundant, reverse dark green. Colonies on PDA attaining 30 – 40 mm diameter, after 1 week at 25 ° C, greyishgreen, greyish toward irregular margins, velvety, sporulation profuse, radially furrowed, aerial mycelium abundant, reverse dark green. Colonies on OA attaining 30 – 40 mm diameter, after 1 week at 25 ° C, greyish olivaceous, white toward irregular margins, sporulation profuse, reverse olivaceous. Colonies on SNA attaining 25 – 30 mm diameter, after 1 week at 25 ° C, olivaceous, flat, white toward regular and wide margins, aerial mycelium loose, reverse olivaceous.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
ED7038F0BC3658B0BC5E62217B81C6E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Sichuan Province, Guangan City. China, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City. Ethiopia, Oromia Region, Illubabor Gore. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
C57536B9493B5E7FB279114DAE7312BB.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
C57536B9493B5E7FB279114DAE7312BB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In reference to the generic name for the associated scale insect (Kuwanaspis howardi).	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
C57536B9493B5E7FB279114DAE7312BB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Cladosporium perangustum in having conidiophores of comparable size, but C. kuwanaspidis differs by its unbranched conidiophores and larger ramoconidia.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
C57536B9493B5E7FB279114DAE7312BB.taxon	description	Description. Parasitic on scale insect from Pleioblastus amarus (Poaceae). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Mycelium superficial and immersed, with abundant sporulation on the surface of scale insect. Conidiophores erect, fasciculate, usually macronematous, cylindrical, subnodulose or nodulose, geniculate, septate, unbranched, pale brown to brown, slightly roughened to verruculose, thick-walled, and pronounced loci, 45 – 120 × 3.5 – 6 μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal or intercalary, cylindrical, sometimes sinuous, proliferation sympodial, 14 – 25 (– 80) × 2.5 – 6.5 μm, conidiogenous loci at the apex (2 – 5) or in lateral shoulders (0 – 2). Ramoconidia olive to brown, septate or aseptate, ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, smooth- and thick-walled, 6 – 13.5 × 3 – 5.5 μm. Secondary ramoconidia oblong, pale brown, 0 – 1 septate, 2 – 4 distal hila, 5.5 – 9 × 2.5 – 5 μm. Conidia numerous, catenate, forming short branched chains, aseptate, olive to brown, smooth- and thin- walled, ellipsoid-ovoid, obovoid, 2 – 7.5 × 2 – 4 μm. Intercalary conidia limoniform, oval to ellipsoid, with hila protuberant, 3.5 – 7.5 × 2.5 – 4 μm. Terminal conidia globose to ellipsoid, sometimes hila evident, 2 – 4 × 2 – 3.5 μm. Microcyclic conidiogenesis absent. In vitro on SNA: Mycelium abundant, submerged, overgrowing whole culture dishes, hyphae straight to slightly sinuous, septate and branched, olive to brown, and thick-walled, 2 – 3.5 µm wide. Conidiophores erect, occasionally branched, brown, thick-walled, 33 – 118 × 2.5 – 4 µm. Ramoconidia olive to brown, narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical-oblong, subcylindrical, septate or aseptate, smooth- and thick-walled, 6 – 17.5 (– 20) × 2 – 5 µm. Conidia in simple and branched acropetal chains, light olive, aseptate, smooth- and thin-walled, ellipsoidovoid, obovoid, fusiform, 3 – 6.5 × 2 – 4 µm. Intercalary conidia oval to ellipsoid, with hila protuberant, 3.5 – 6.5 × 2.5 – 4 μm. Terminal conidia globose to ellipsoid, 2.5 – 4 × 2 – 4 μm.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
C57536B9493B5E7FB279114DAE7312BB.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. Conidia of all types can germinate within 12 h in sterile distilled water, with germination tubes forming from any part of the conidial body. Colonies on MEA attaining 40 – 50 mm diameter, after 1 week at 25 ° C, greyish-green to greyish toward regular margins, velvety, sporulation profuse, radially furrowed, aerial mycelium abundant, reverse dark green. Colonies on PDA attaining 35 – 40 mm diameter, after 1 week at 25 ° C, grey-olivaceous to iron grey, pale greenish grey toward regular margins, reverse dark green. Colonies on SNA attaining 20 – 30 mm diameter, after 1 week at 25 ° C, smoke-grey to olivaceous-grey, aerial mycelium loose, reverse olivaceous to brown.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
C57536B9493B5E7FB279114DAE7312BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Sichuan Province, Meishan City.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D057A82033B75F5CA3390D4170E17819.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D057A82033B75F5CA3390D4170E17819.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In reference to the generic name of host plants.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D057A82033B75F5CA3390D4170E17819.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Moelleriella jinuoana in having yellow to orange, globose stromata with a narrow hypothallus, M. boehmeriae differs by its slower growth on PDA, unique colony characteristics, and wider conidia.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D057A82033B75F5CA3390D4170E17819.taxon	description	Description. Parasitic on scale insect from Boehmeria spicata (Urticaceae). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Stromata yellow to orange in fresh specimens, entirely covering the insect hosts, thickened pulvinate, globose, tubercules on the surface, closely aggregated, some with narrow hypothallus, 0.8 – 2.5 mm diameter. Hyphae of stromata form compact textura epidermoidea. Conidiomata simple depressions of surface, round or irregular shape, no mature conidiomata observed.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D057A82033B75F5CA3390D4170E17819.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. The conidia germinate within 12 h in sterile distilled water, with germ tubes extending from both ends of the conidia. Colonies on PDA slowgrowing, attaining a diameter of 5 – 7 mm in 28 days at 25 ° C. Colonies compact pulvinate, surface velutinous, pale yellow to yellow. Conidial masses usually abundant, yellow. Reverse of colony pale orange. Conidiomata U-shaped, subcircular to circular. Conidia unicellular, hyaline, smooth, fusoid with rounded ends, 9.5 – 12.5 × 3 – 4 µm. No paraphyses were observed.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D057A82033B75F5CA3390D4170E17819.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Sichuan Province, Leshan City.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
EA4791CE91B4574B98ECEE4590D1454F.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
EA4791CE91B4574B98ECEE4590D1454F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In reference to the generic name of host plants.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
EA4791CE91B4574B98ECEE4590D1454F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Moelleriella simaoensis, M. puerensis, M. raciborskii, and M. citrus, M. cinnamomum differs by having red-orange, thickened pulvinate stromata, longer conidia and paraphyses, and the absence of a hypothallus surrounding the stroma.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
EA4791CE91B4574B98ECEE4590D1454F.taxon	description	Description. Parasitic on scale insects found on the underside of leaves of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Stromata red-orange in fresh specimens, mostly solitary, sometimes gregarious, globose to subglobose, thickened pulvinate up to 1 mm, 0.9 – 2.8 mm in diameter. Conidiomata aggregated in the center of the stroma and widely open, simple depressions of the surface without distinct rims. In section, conidioma flask-shaped or irregular, shallow. Conidial masses orange. Conidia hyaline, smooth, one-celled, fusoid, with acute ends, 13 – 16.5 × 2 – 3 µm. Paraphyses present, linear, filiform, up to 102 µm long.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
EA4791CE91B4574B98ECEE4590D1454F.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. Conidia germinate in sterile water within 12 h, with germination tubes typically growing laterally from both ends of the spore and occasionally from the middle. Colonies on PDA at 25 ° C attaining 15 mm diameter in 20 days. Colonies pale yellow and formed compact pulvinate with abundant slimy masses. Conidial masses light yellow. Colonies reverse dark yellow with pale yellow margins. Conidia 9 – 15 × 1.8 – 2.8 µm. Paraphyses rare.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
EA4791CE91B4574B98ECEE4590D1454F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Sichuan Province, Chengdu City.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
8D509E8392155AB0B171097096DB3BC4.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
8D509E8392155AB0B171097096DB3BC4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In reference to the generic name of host plants.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
8D509E8392155AB0B171097096DB3BC4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Moelleriella raciborskii in having pale yellow, thin, pulvinate stromata, M. citrus differs by its longer paraphyses and wider conidia.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
8D509E8392155AB0B171097096DB3BC4.taxon	description	Description. Parasitic on scale insect from citrus leaves (Rutaceae). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Stromata orange in fresh specimens, globose to subglobose, flattened pulvinate, 1.8 – 3.0 mm in diameter, surrounded by a hyaline hypothallus up to 1.6 mm wide and covered with confluent conidial masses of orange-yellow. Conidiomata simple and aggregated in the center of the stroma, and widely opened. Conidial masses orange. Conidia hyaline, smooth, one-celled, fusoid, with acute ends, produced in copious slime, 12 – 18.5 × 2.3 – 3.2 µm. Paraphyses present, arising from the hymenium of the conidioma, filiform, tapering at the apices, up to 85 – 100 µm long.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
8D509E8392155AB0B171097096DB3BC4.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. Conidia germinate in sterile water within 12 h, with germination tubes typically growing laterally from both ends of the spore. Colonies on PDA at 25 ° C attaining 25 mm diameter in 20 days. Colonies pale yellow and formed compact pulvinate with abundant slimy masses. Conidial masses light yellow, the colony reverse dark yellow, and the margins pale yellow. Conidia hyaline, smooth, onecelled, fusoid, 12 – 15.5 × 2.0 – 2.8 µm. Paraphyses rare.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
8D509E8392155AB0B171097096DB3BC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Sichuan Province, Chengdu City.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D19B1D61701B506CBBEF3202B64D2F12.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D19B1D61701B506CBBEF3202B64D2F12.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In reference to the generic name of host plants.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D19B1D61701B506CBBEF3202B64D2F12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Moelleriella sinensis in having somewhat similar stromata, M. eucalypti differs by having longer and wider paraphyses, shorter and wider conidiogenous cells, and wider conidia.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D19B1D61701B506CBBEF3202B64D2F12.taxon	description	Description. Parasitic on scale insects found on eucalyptus leaves. Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Stromata yellow to dark orange in fresh specimens, pale yellow to white in old, entirely covering the insect hosts, thickened pulvinate, umbonate to hemispheric, cottony, sessile, globose to subglobose, tubercules on the surface, 1.5 – 2.5 mm in diameter, 1 – 2 mm in high. Conidiomata orifice scattered or circularly arranged, oval or elongate flask shaped, narrow orifices, 120 – 460 × 80 – 155 μm. Phialides hyaline, stick-shaped to cylindrical, 10 – 18 × 1 – 2.5 μm. Conidia hyaline, fusiform, yellow conidial masses, 8 – 12 × 1.5 – 3 μm. Paraphyses present, hyaline, filiform, 90 – 180 × 1.0 – 1.6 μm.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D19B1D61701B506CBBEF3202B64D2F12.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. No germination was observed due to the specimens being dried and the culture not being obtained.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
D19B1D61701B506CBBEF3202B64D2F12.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Sichuan Province, Dazhou City.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
5B0521AEFEA9599FB7AC09D233734A3A.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
5B0521AEFEA9599FB7AC09D233734A3A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Refers to the species having conidia bearing multiple arm-like extensions.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
5B0521AEFEA9599FB7AC09D233734A3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to species of Podonectria, P. multiarmata differs notably in sporulation and conidial morphology, particularly in the extension patterns, size, and septation of the conidial arms.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
5B0521AEFEA9599FB7AC09D233734A3A.taxon	description	Description. Habitat associated with scale insects Kuwanaspis howardi on Pleioblastus amarus (Poaceae). Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetes. Colonies surround the scale insects, effuse, white, and diffuse outward to produce thin layers of hyphae. Mycelia branched, septate, 1 – 3 µm wide. Conidiophores inconspicuous, mononematous, short, straight or slightly curved, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells subglobose to globose, acrogenous, determinate hyaline, with obviously conidiogenous loci, 4 – 6 × 4 – 7 µm. Conidia usually with two and three arms, V-shaped, Y-shaped or T-shaped, occasionally four arms, smooth, hyaline, each arm varies in length and sharply divergent, slightly constricted at the septa, straight or curved, and tapering toward the apical cell, 1 – 4 septate for each arm, 20 – 40 (– 50) µm long, 3.5 – 6 wide at the base, 1.5 – 3 wide near the apex. All arms arise from a bigger basal cell, measuring 6 – 8 µm wide.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
5B0521AEFEA9599FB7AC09D233734A3A.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. Conidia germinate on PDA within 12 h, with the germination tube usually growing from the tip of the arm. Colonies grow slowly on PDA, reaching 2.5 cm in diameter after 20 days at 25 ° C, flat, circular, white, gradually becoming light fleshy pink, and the back of colonies yellow.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
5B0521AEFEA9599FB7AC09D233734A3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Sichuan Province, Meishan City.	en	Yang, Chunlin, Xu, Xiulan, Li, Xinyue, Liu, Feng, Zeng, Zhen, Xiao, Qiangang, Liu, Yinggao (2025): Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal novel entomopathogenic fungi infecting scale insects and aphids in China. IMA Fungus 16: e 170123, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.170123
