taxonID	type	description	language	source
A70987C2483AFFEBFF04B4D72CC9F905.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 6, 9)	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C2483AFFEBFF04B4D72CC9F905.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Hungary, Heves county, Bükk Mts, Nagyvisnyó, beech forest, Palustriella commutata colony on limestone tuff rocks in the outlet of the Bán Spring, 490 m a. s. l., N 48.1119 ° E 20.4739 °, leg. Q. B. Huo, R. R. Mo, A. & D. Murányi, S. Papp, 19. x. 2022, 4 viviparous apterous females and 5 larvae. Morphology. Apterae BL 0.766 μm, red- brown, ochreous, with legs and antenna slightly paler, ranging 465 μm, 0,6 times as long as the BL. PT / B = 1,02; RIV + V / HT 2 = 1.2 – 1.5. The dorsum presents a reticulate pattern. The cauda is covered by the abdominal tergite VIII. Siphunculi narrowly conical, slightly dorsoventrally flattened, tapering towards a rounded apex presenting a small subapical aperture.	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C2483AFFEBFF04B4D72CC9F905.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species, in Europe it is known mainly from the North (UK, Scandinavia, Baltic states, Russia) but also from the Czech Republic and Poland. The classification of M. escherichi concerning its association with mosses is under debate among some authors. Blackman & Eastop (2024) propose that M. escherichi is holocyclic on mosses, representing latter generations of Muscaphis drepanosiphoides (Börner, 1939) that feeds from Sorbus as the primary host, defining them potentially synonymous. The transfer experiments of M. drepanosiphoides from Sorbus to Plagiothecium laetum Schimp. performed by Stekolshchikov & Shaposhnikov (1993) would support the synonymy. However, this present work relies on the studies of Albrecht (2015), where M. escherichi and M. drenaposiphoides are considered different species regarding their morphological distinctiveness, mainly the siphunculi, which characteristics are generally quite constant throughout the parthenogenetic morphs. In the Sorbus - feeding aphids, fundatrix and alatae have siphunculi which are long, black and truncate, with a large terminal aperture (Albrecht 2015). Molecular analyses are needed to definitively resolve this taxonomic uncertainty. Muscaphis escherichi has been recorded from many species of moss, including Brachythecium salebrosum, Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske, Cirriphyllum piliferum (Hedw.) Grout, Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp., Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra, Mnium hornum Hedw., Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt., Pohlia filum (Schimp.) Mårtensson, Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. Plagiomnium affine (Blandow ex Funck) T. J. Kop., Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) T. J. Kop., Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop., Plagiothecium laetum, Polytrichum formosum Hedw., Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not., Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr., Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst., Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst., Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium (Mitt.) Ignatov & Huttunen (compiled from Albrecht 2015 and Blackman & Eastop 2024, nomenclature updated according to Hodgetts et al. 2020). It was collected together with Pseudacaudella rubida (Börner, 1939) from the same colonies of their new host plant, the rare Palustriella commutata. However, only M. eschirichi was found in October 2022, while only P. rubida was found in March 2024. Both species were scarce, a few viviparous apterous females and larvae were found in the samples. Ants were not present in the sample, but a rich community of other invertebrates (Fig. 10, Table 1); the samples were particularly rich in Collembola while relatively few mites were present.	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C24838FFECFF04B5492FD2FC75.taxon	description	(Figs 2 – 3, 7, 9)	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C24838FFECFF04B5492FD2FC75.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Hungary, Heves county, Bükk Mts, Eger, Nagy Eged, open karst forest, Hypnum cupressiforme colonies on the bark of Quercus pubescens Wild., 440 m a. s. l., N 47.9259 ° E 20.4104 °, leg. Gy. Dudás, J. Varga, 22. i. 2024, 6 viviparous apterous females and 7 larvae. Morphology. Apterae BL 758 μm, pale brown or dark olive- green. Siphunculi reddish brown, cylindrical; apex truncate without constriction or flange; aperture terminal.	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C24838FFECFF04B5492FD2FC75.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Recorded from several countries in Europe (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, UK) and in the USA. The life cycle is uncertain: alate males have been collected in Germany and Poland (Wilkaniec & Borowiak-Sobkowiak 2009) and it is possibly heteroecious holocyclic with an unknown primary host, but collection of active stages in the cold season (Müller 1973 - under the name M. stammeri Börner, 1952) indicates that it can be partially anholocyclic. Muscaphis musci has been recorded from the mosses Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp., Barbula Hedw. sp., Brachytheciastrum velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen, Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp., Bryum Hedw. sp., Calliergon (Sull.) Kindb. sp., Calliergonella cuspidata, Hyocomium armoricum (Brid.) Wijk & Margad. Loeskeobryum brevirostre (Brid.) M. Fleisch., Plagiomnium undulatum, Polytrichum commune Hedw., Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw., Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp., Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Tortula muralis Hedw. (compiled from Albrecht 2015 and Blackman & Eastop 2024, nomenclature updated according to Hodgetts et al. 2020). It was collected together with Pseudacaudella rubida from the same colonies of their new host plant, Hypnum cupressiforme. The two species were coexisting in samples taken both from ground level of the bark, and from one meter high on the stem. Several specimens, both adults and larvae were found despite the winter season. Ants were not found in the samples, and the community was poor both in species and specimens (Table 1); however, several predators were present, e. g., juvenile spiders and pseudoscorpions.	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C2483FFFEFFF04B78A2CBAF9D3.taxon	description	(Figs 4 – 5, 7, 9)	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C2483FFFEFFF04B78A2CBAF9D3.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Hungary, Heves county, Bükk Mts, Eger, Nagy Eged, open karst forest, Hypnum cupressiforme colony on the bark of Quercus pubescens Wild., 440 m a. s. l., N 47.9259 ° E 20.4104 °, leg. Gy. Dudás, J. Varga, 22. i. 2024, 5 viviparous apterous females and 6 larvae. Hungary, Heves county, Bükk Mts, Nagyvisnyó, beech forest, Palustriella commutata colony on limestone tuff rocks in the outlet of the Bán Spring, 490 m a. s. l., N 48.1119 ° E 20.4739 °, leg. D. Murányi, 27. iii. 2024, 3 viviparous apterous females and 3 larvae. Morphology. Apterae are shining olive green to brown with rusty patches at the bases of siphunculi; BL 730,29 μm. The dorsum of the adult is mostly smooth, sclerotic, and rather shiny, but nodulose on the margins. Antennal tubercles are undeveloped. The head cuticle is almost smooth dorsally, with nodules on the ventral side. The antennae are 0.9 times the body length, with a terminal process 2,38 times as long as the base of antennal segment VI. There are no secondary rhinaria. The hairs on antennal segment III are about 0,36 times the basal diameter of that segment. The rostrum reaches the hind coxae, and the apical rostral segment is 1,44 times the second hind tarsal segment. The siphunculi are cylindrical with a subapical constriction under the strongly developed flange. The siphunculi are 3,22 times the caudal length. The cauda has a broad rounded basal part, and a narrow tongue-shaped apical part, with 4 hairs.	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
A70987C2483FFFEFFF04B78A2CBAF9D3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Recorded throughout in Europe, known also from Central Asia (Kazakhstan), Northern Africa (Morocco), the Americas (Brazil, Panama, USA), and alatae have been collected in New Zealand. Ubiquitous species, occur on a wide range of mosses found from dry rocks to submerged in forest swamps. Not ant-attended and monoecious, though possible host alternation from Sorbus was reported from Ukraine (Bozhko 1976 - under the name Staegeriella sp.). Reported from all year, during the cold season as hibernating larvae. It seems anholocyclic, with a specialized overwintering second instar larva having a dark sclerotic cuticle and a wax coat (Müller 1973, Tinguely 1993). Our samples from January contained both adults and unmodified larvae, indicating that the species do not went on hibernating during the extremely warm winter of 2024, or due to dwelling on a warm, southern exposed hill. Pseudacaudella rubida has been recorded from the mosses Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) Schimp., Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb., Calliergonella cuspidata, Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) F. Weber & D. Mohr, Dicranum scoparium, Hylocomium splendens, Mnium hornum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid., Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske, Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium, Sphagnum divinum Flatberg & Hassel, Sphagnum recurvum P. Beauv., Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. (compiled from Albrecht 2015 and Blackman & Eastop 2024, nomenclature updated according to Hodgetts et al. 2020). As written above, it was coexisting with Muscaphis musci in Hypnum cupressiforme colonies and both adults and larvae were present in the samples from January 2024. On the contrary, it was found as the only aphid in a Palustriella commutata colony in March 2024, while the same colony was inhabited only by M. eischirichi in October 2022. Acknowledgements We are indebted to Dr Tímea Szederjesi (Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary) for the identification of accompanying earthworms. An anonymous reviewer is also thanked for the valuable suggestions and corrections. The research was supported by the National Research Development and Innovation Office of Hungary, Project No. K 129311.	en	Zanfelici, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves, Varga, János, Szűcs, Péter, Murányi, Dávid (2024): First records of moss-feeding aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) from Hungary. Ecologica Montenegrina 79: 160-167, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.79.16, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.79.16
