identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A6400A1BFF8EEF63FF6EF908B47DFC68.text	A6400A1BFF8EEF63FF6EF908B47DFC68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litoria revelata Ingram, Corben and Hosmer 1982	<div><p>Litoria revelata Ingram, Corben and Hosmer, 1982</p><p>Southern Whirring Tree Frog</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Holotype: QM J28233, adult male, by original designation. Type locality: O’Reillys,  Lamington Plateau, south-eastern Queensland, Australia, -28.23°, 153.13°. Collected by G. J. Ingram, 6 August 1973. Amey &amp; Couper (2022) illustrated dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.  Litoria revelata can be diagnosed from  L. littlejohni and  L. watsoni by its smaller size (23–37 mm vs 43–61 mm and 42–64 mm, respectively), and orange, red or yellow groin and posterior thighs with black spots or patches (vs immaculate orange markings on anterior and posterior surfaces of femur and tibia, in groin, and posterior flanks). Can be diagnosed from  L. ewingii,  L. paraewingi and  L. verreauxii by expanded finger and toe terminal discs (vs terminal discs similar width or only slightly wider than terminal phalanges). Diagnosed from  L. jervisiensis by termination of lateral head stripe near forearm (vs terminating along flank), by having dark patches in groin (vs absent), and by smaller size (23–37 mm vs 37–44 mm).  Litoria revelata can also be diagnosed from  Litoria ewingii Group species outside the  L. revelata complex by a greater mean number of notes in call (31, vs 15 in  L. calliscelis; 9 in  L. ewingii; 4 in  L. jervisiensis; 12 in  L. littlejohni; 6 in  L. paraewingi; 10 in  L. sibilus; 23 in  L. verreauxii; and 12 in  L. watsoni).</p><p>Litoria revelata can be diagnosed from  L. eungellensis sp. nov. by a combination of an absence of black patches or blotches in all of axilla, groin, posterior thighs and underside of the hindlimbs in most individuals (vs large prominent black patches and blotches in axilla, groin, posterior thighs and underside of the hindlimb); by smaller females (32.0– 37.1 mm vs 37.0– 39.5 mm); and by having an advertisement call with higher mean pulse repetition rate (105.3 pps, range 86.9–127.3 vs 78.1 pps, range 66.9–86.2).  Litoria revelata can be diagnosed from  L. corbeni by a lower mean pulse repetition rate (105.3 pps, range 86.9–127.3 vs 130.5 pps, range 127.3–136.7).  Litoria revelata can be diagnosed further from  L. corbeni and  L. eungellensis sp. nov. by apomorphic states at 30 and 10 nucleotide sites respectively in the ND4 gene alignment (Table 3).</p><p>Measurements of holotype (mm). SVL 26.7, HL 8.9, HW 9.1, TL 14.6, TD 1.4, ED 3.2.</p><p>Description. A summary of variation in 14 mensural characters and five ratios is presented in Table 4. Mean SVL: females = 34 ± 1.23, 32–37.1 mm; males = 28.1 ± 1.2, 24.7–31.6 mm.</p><p>Snout rounded when viewed from above, blunt in profile. Nostrils more lateral than superior; closer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis well defined, straight. Eye relatively large (ED/HL 0.4 ± 0.04, 0.3–0.5); pupil horizontal when constricted (Fig. 9). Tympanum distinct; oval. Head length about equal to head width (HL/HW 0.98 ± 0.06, 0.7–1.1) and approximately one-third of SVL (HL/SVL 0.29 ± 0.02, 0.20–0.32). Tympanum length about equal to or greater than half eye diameter (TD/ED mean 0.5, 0.4–0.7). Vomerine teeth in semi-circular arc from anterior edge of the choanae to midline of palate (assessed on specimen SAMA R14298).</p><p>Fingers long, narrow; webbing absent. Subarticular and palmar tubercles prominent. Terminal discs prominent. Fingers in order of length: 3&gt;4&gt;2&gt;1. Hindlimbs moderately long (TL/SVL 0.5 ± 0.02, 0.5–0.6). Toes in order of length: 4&gt;5=3&gt;2=1. Webbing between toes reaches to penultimate phalanges. Subarticular tubercles prominent. Rectangular inner metatarsal tubercle approximately one-quarter length of first toe. Terminal toe discs prominent, smaller than finger discs (Fig. 9).</p><p>Narrow dark brown finely granular nuptial pad wraps around dorsal surface of the base of finger I (SAMA R14298–9).</p><p>Dorsum finely granular. Upper surface of limbs smooth or finely granular. Chin, undersurfaces of limbs, and lateral aspect of abdomen smooth; remainder of abdomen finely granular.</p><p>Colour in life. Dorsal surfaces tan, cream-brown or reddish-brown, continuing onto flanks; middle dorsum has darker shading starting with well demarked margin between eyes, not obvious in some males in nuptial display colour. Some individuals with small to minute dark flecks over dorsal surfaces and flanks. A black or dark or light brown stripe, with lower margin often poorly defined, extends from nostril along canthus rostralis through eye to just past forearm, sometimes incorporating tympanum. Yellow dorsum in males during calling and amplexus. Abdomen white to cream, but males with yellow or orange throat with some dark flecks, particularly around margin. Vocal sac pigmented light cream to yellow (Fig. 9B, C, F). Upper iris bright copper-gold, lower iris brown copper gold (Fig. 9).</p><p>Axilla with dark brown or black marks in about half of specimens examined (43% of the 112 specimens), remainder with axilla same colour as flanks or the diffuse eye stripe extends across the tympanum onto axilla. Groin yellow or orange, with 64% of specimens having dark patch in groin (Fig. 6B, C, D), and occasionally smaller dark spots anterior to groin (Fig. 2B). Posterior of thighs uniform orange (Fig. 6A) or with black spot at proximal margin (Fig. 6B), or black dorsal margin (Fig. 6C), or with black pattern spread across thigh (Fig. 6D)a. Eight individuals from the northern end of the range (Yabbra State Forest, Tooloom Range, Lamington National Park, Border Ranges National Park, Richmond Range) have black marks on the underside of the hindlimbs (Supplementary Table S1), otherwise the underside of the hindlimb lacks dark marks (Table 5).</p><p>Distribution. Extends from Main Range (Cunningham’s Gap) and Mt Tamborine in the north, through other south-eastern Queensland upland areas in the McPherson and Border Ranges and Killarney area, south through coastal ranges and lowlands of northern NSW to the mid NSW coast at Ourimbah State Forest (about halfway between Newcastle and Sydney). Records south of Sydney, at Thirlmere (QM J60187) and in the Wollongong area (Atlas of Living Australia), need confirmation because they sit over 100 km south of all other records (Fig. 1). Some populations are probably disjunct, particularly in the uplands of south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern NSW. Records are from near sea-level to approximately 900 m a.s.l. Only occurs in mid elevation and upland areas in the north of the range (south-eastern Queensland and far northern NSW) but occurs at low elevations in the rest of the range.</p><p>Ecology and reproductive biology. Occupies a wide range of natural and human-modified habitats including: permanent and ephemeral ponds, swamps, dams near forests, and low-flow pools in upland streams in heath, wet or dry sclerophyll forest, and rainforest. In the north of the range occurs predominantly in rainforest, but occupies broader range of habitats in more southerly portions of the range.</p><p>Males display dynamic sexual dichromatism during the breeding season (Webster et al. 2023). Males change colour during calling and amplexus, from tan, brown, grey, or red-brown to brilliant lemon yellow or yellow-brown over much of the dorsum. Calling has been heard in every month of the year with a slight peak in September and the lowest number in June (FrogID). Anstis (2017) described egg and larval morphology and noted that the sides and venter of tadpoles of  L. revelata were grey-blue to silver-grey, often with a dull copper sheen (vs a bluish sheen in  L. eungellensis sp. nov.; Hero et al. 1996).</p><p>Conservation status.  Litoria revelata does not fulfill a threatened species listing based on assessment against IUCN Red List criteria (2012).  Litoria revelata has an estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 81,348 km 2 andArea of Occupancy (AOO) of 1,852 km 2. The estimated AOO is less than the 2,000 km 2 threshold for Criterion B2 but the species does not meet any additional conditions of that listing level due to a large number of known ‘locations’ and a lack of known, inferred or projected decline in extent or quality of habitat, number of subpopulations, or number of mature individuals. However, this is largely due to a lack of data and population monitoring is required across the distribution. The northern, upland populations in south-eastern Queensland and far northern New South Wales are localised and disjunct and may be under threat from climate change; hence they should be a particular focus for monitoring.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6400A1BFF8EEF63FF6EF908B47DFC68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Price, Luke C.;Hoskin, Conrad J.;Mahony, Michael J.;Donnellan, Stephen C.	Price, Luke C., Hoskin, Conrad J., Mahony, Michael J., Donnellan, Stephen C. (2025): Systematic evaluation of molecular genetic, morphological and acoustic variation reveals three species in the Litoria revelata complex (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zootaxa 5584 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.1
A6400A1BFF8DEF66FF6EFBB0B0EBFCFC.text	A6400A1BFF8DEF66FF6EFBB0B0EBFCFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litoria corbeni Wells and Wellington 1985	<div><p>Litoria corbeni Wells and Wellington, 1985</p><p>Atherton Tablelands Whirring Tree Frog</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Holotype: QM J30116, by original designation, adult male. Type locality:  Millaa Millaa Lookout, Atherton, Tableland, north-eastern Queensland, Australia, -17.62º, 145.5678º. Collected by G. J. Ingram on 1 November 1971. Amey &amp; Couper (2022) illustrated dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.  Litoria corbeni can be diagnosed from  L. littlejohni and  L. watsoni by its smaller size (23–33 mm vs 43–61 mm and 42–64 mm, respectively, sexes combined). Diagnosed from  L. ewingii,  L. paraewingi and  L. verreauxii by expanded terminal discs on fingers and toes (vs terminal discs similar width, or only slightly wider than, terminal phalanges). Diagnosed from  L. jervisiensis by termination of lateral head stripe near forearm (vs terminating along flank), dark patches in groin (vs absent), and smaller size (23–33 mm vs 37–44 mm, sexes combined).  Litoria corbeni can be diagnosed further from the following species by its greater mean number of notes in the advertisement call (27.5, range 18–33 vs 2.3, range 1–4 in  L. jervisiensis; 8.8, range 5–16 in  L. littlejohni; 4, range 3–8 in  L. paraewingi; 9, range 8–11 in  L. sibilus; and 6.5, range 3–14 in  L. watsoni).</p><p>Litoria corbeni can be diagnosed from  L. revelata by a higher pulse repetition rate (130.2 pps ± 4.5, range 127.3–136.7 vs 105.3 ± 10.10, range 86.9–127.3) (Table 6). It can be diagnosed from  L. eungellensis sp. nov. by the absence of well-demarked, black spots or blotches along the margins of the lower hindlegs, and by a higher mean pulse repetition rate (130.2 pps ± 4.5, range 127.3–136.7 vs 78.1 ± 10.7, range 66.9–86.2) (Table 6).  Litoria corbeni can also be diagnosed from  L. revelata and  L. eungellensis sp. nov. by apomorphic states at 30 and 34 nucleotide sites respectively in the ND4 gene alignment (Table 3).</p><p>Measurements of holotype (mm). SVL 30.12, HL 9.72, HW 9.57, TL 17.55, TD 1.41, ED 3.03.</p><p>Description. A summary of variation in 14 mensural characters and five ratios is presented in Table 4. Mean SVL: females = 32.1 ± 0.94, 31–33.6 mm; males = 27.8 ± 2.07, 23.7–32.4 mm.</p><p>Snout; rounded when viewed from above, blunt or rounded in profile. Nostrils more lateral than superior; closer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis well-defined, and straight. Head length shorter than, to a bit longer than, head width (HL/HW 0.81–1.07), approximately one-third of SVL (HL/SVL 0.29, 0.23–0.34). Pupil horizontal when constricted (Fig. 10). Eye relatively large (ED/HL 0.4, 0.34–0.44). Tympanum distinct; circular; diameter variable (TD/ED 0.5, 0.38–0.7). Vomerine teeth in short straight rows from anterior edge of choanae to midline of palate (assessed in SAMA R72459).</p><p>Fingers long, narrow; webbing absent. Subarticular and palmar tubercles prominent. Terminal discs prominent. Fingers in order of length: 3&gt;4&gt;2&gt;1. Dark brown nuptial pad wraps around upper surface of base of finger I (SAMA R34328–9, R63777, RI72458–9).</p><p>Hindlimb length moderate, but variable (TL/SVL 0.5, 0.45–0.6). Toes in order of length: 4&gt;5=3&gt;2&gt;1. Webbing on toes I, II, III, V reaches base of toe disc, and on toe IV to base of the penultimate phalanx. Subarticular tubercles prominent. Rectangular inner metatarsal tubercle approximately one-quarter length of first toe. Terminal discs prominent, but smaller than finger discs.</p><p>Dorsum finely granular. Upper surface of limbs smooth or finely granular. Flanks with dense coverage of low tubercles. Chin, abdomen, undersurface of limbs, and lateral aspect of body coarsely granular or granularity confined to lateral margins of abdomen.</p><p>Colour in life. Dorsum tan, grey-brown, cream-brown or reddish-brown, continuing onto flanks; in most individuals, middle of dorsum has distinct darker shading that starts with well demarked margin between eyes. Some individuals with small to minute dark flecks over dorsal surfaces and flanks. A dark or light brown stripe, with a lower margin that is often poorly defined, extends from nostril along canthus rostralis through eye to just past forearm, and sometimes incorporates tympanum. Ventral surfaces white to cream, with small dark spots either peripherally or over entire ventral surface (Fig. 10C). Upper iris bright copper-gold, lower iris brown copper-gold Vocal sac pigmented light yellowish cream (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Axilla in two of six vouchers examined (33%) with dark marks, remainder with axillae same colour as flanks or covered by diffuse extension of eye stripe. Groin with dark patch (Fig. 10), and occasionally with smaller spots anterior to groin. Posterior of thighs either uniform orange (Fig. 10) or with black spot at proximal margin (Fig. 10). Underside of the hindlimbs lack dark marks (Table 5).</p><p>Distribution. Known from elevations between about 700 and 1220 m a.s.l. on the western and southern Atherton Tablelands (Fig. 1). Records form an ‘arc’ from the Mt Baldy area (near Atherton) on the western Atherton Tableland, to Ravenshoe and Millaa Millaa in the south, to the Topaz area in the south-east (Fig. 1). Most sites on the western and southern Atherton Tableland are above 1000 m a.s.l. but some sites in the Millaa Millaa-Topaz area are lower (down to approximately 700 m a.s.l.).</p><p>Ecology and reproductive biology. Known to breed in both disturbed and natural situations where still or slow-moving water is within, or adjacent to, forest. Breeding sites are ponds (including farms dams; e.g., Fig. 11A) and other stationary water bodies (e.g., Mt Hypipamee crater), and slow-flowing pools in streams (e.g., Fig. 11B). Breeding occurs in rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest, and in habitats comprising mosaics of grazing land and rainforest, or wet sclerophyll forest. Most known breeding sites are in agricultural land where the frogs reproduce in farm dams or slow pools along disturbed creeklines, but all breeding sites have some forest in close proximity. Prior to extensive clearing of the southern Atherton Tablelands, breeding sites would have been natural ponds and pools along slow flowing streams through rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest.</p><p>Males call from riparian vegetation including reeds, sedges, tall grass, and adjacent bushes and trees. Calling has been heard through most of the year except for May and June (FrogID, CJH observations). Males are bright yellow when calling in the breeding season, whereas the few females encountered in the wild in the breeding season have been a more tan-brownish colour (CJH observations). Other aspects of reproductive biology are not known.</p><p>Conservation status.  Litoria corbeni has a small distribution in an upland area, so warrants conservation assessment against IUCN Red List criteria (2012). The EOO (measured as a minimum convex polygon around all known sites) is about 795 km 2. The actual area occupied within this area (the AOO) would be much smaller, estimated as 76 km 2. All known sites are above 700 m a.s.l. and most are above 1000 m a.s.l., in an area where there is limited suitable habitat over 1100 m a.s.l. and very little over 1200 m a.s.l.. The highest known record is about 1220 m a.s.l. Additionally, even at higher elevations (e.g.,&gt; 1000 m a.s.l.),  L. corbeni is patchy in occurrence, and the reason for the patchiness is not known. Whether the known sites represent one ‘location’ (a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threatening event can rapidly affect all individuals; IUCN 2012) or many can only be assessed based on the perceived threat. Fire may be a threat at wet sclerophyll sites on the west of the distribution, but most sites are associated with rainforest and grazing land in cool, wet areas that are unlikely to burn. Most known sites are on private land, where there is limited protection for regrowth rainforest; hence habitat loss and fragmentation through clearing is also a threat. However, the primary perceived threat is climate change, both gradual warming and the extremes of heatwaves and droughts.</p><p>Considering climate change as the primary threat, all sites are taken to represent one ‘location’. It is hard to assess this species against Criteria A, C, D and E due to limited data, but it can be assessed against Criterion B. Under Criterion B, with an EOO of 795 km 2 and AOO of 76 km 2,  Litoria corbeni fulfils an Endangered B1/B2 (a, b) listing based on: B1 EOO &lt;5,000 km 2 (but not &lt;100 km 2 for Critically Endangered), B2 AOO threshold &lt;500 km 2 (but not &lt;10 km 2 for Critically Endangered), (a) number of locations &lt;5; and (b) decline inferred or projected in (iii) area, extent and/or quality of habitat, (iv) number of subpopulations, and (v) number of mature individuals due to the ongoing effects of climate change.</p><p>Conservation of this species should include surveys to find additional breeding sites, monitoring of known breeding sites to assess continued occupancy, and revegetation along gullies throughout its known distribution. The southern Atherton Tablelands, where most populations of  L. corbeni occur, was once forested but has been extensively cleared. Furthermore, the species occurs in relatively flat areas where it breeds in ponds and slow-moving creeks, which are areas preferred for farming. Most known breeding sites are now in or adjacent to remnant or regrowth rainforest in a matrix of forest patches and cleared gazing land. Although farm dams and gully lines offer breeding habitat, close proximity to forest is vital, so revegetation along gully lines will help to increase the area of rainforest habitat, increase the number of suitable breeding sites, and increase connectivity between them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6400A1BFF8DEF66FF6EFBB0B0EBFCFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Price, Luke C.;Hoskin, Conrad J.;Mahony, Michael J.;Donnellan, Stephen C.	Price, Luke C., Hoskin, Conrad J., Mahony, Michael J., Donnellan, Stephen C. (2025): Systematic evaluation of molecular genetic, morphological and acoustic variation reveals three species in the Litoria revelata complex (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zootaxa 5584 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.1
A6400A1BFF88EF6BFF6EFA57B6A3F83D.text	A6400A1BFF88EF6BFF6EFA57B6A3F83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litoria eungellensis Price & Hoskin & Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Litoria eungellensis sp. nov.</p><p>Eungella Whirring Tree Frog</p><p>Figs 12, 13, 14</p><p>Holotype: QM J35106 (Fig. 12), adult female. Type locality:  Thurgood Farm, 18 km from Dalrymple Heights, mid-eastern Queensland, Australia. -21.033º, 148.6º. Collected by G.J. Ingram on 7 December 1978.</p><p>Diagnosis.  Litoria eungellensis sp. nov. can be diagnosed from  L. littlejohni and  L. watsoni by its smaller size (28–39.5 mm vs 43–61 mm and 42–64 mm, respectively), yellow or orange groin, and posterior thighs with black spots or patches (vs immaculate orange markings on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the femur and tibia, in the groin, and posterior flanks). Can be distinguished from  L. ewingii,  L. paraewingi and  L. verreauxii by expanded finger and toe discs (vs terminal discs similar in width to, or only slightly wider than, the terminal phalanx). Distinguished from  L. jervisiensis by the termination of the lateral head stripe near the forearm (vs terminating along flank), dark patches in groin (vs absent), and smaller size (28–39.5 mm vs 37–44 mm).  Litoria eungellensis sp. nov. can be diagnosed further from the following species by the greater mean number of notes in the advertisement call (39.3, range 30–35 vs 9, range 4–22 in  L. ewingii; 2.3, range 1–4 in  L. jervisiensis; 8.8, range 5–16 in  L. littlejohni; 4, range 3–8 in  L. paraewingi; 9, range 8–11 in  L. sibilus; 16.7, 8–23 in  L. verreauxii; and 6.5, range 3–14 in  L. watsoni).</p><p>Litoria eungellensis sp. nov. can be diagnosed from  L. corbeni and  L. revelata by the presence of well-demarked, back spots or patches in all of the axilla, groin, posterior thigh, and underside of the hindlimbs (vs variable presence of spots in any of the first three locations, and any spots present being generally smaller and less conspicuous, and absence of dark marks on the underside of the hindlimb) (Table 5). It can be diagnosed further from  L. corbeni and  L. revelata by having calls with a lower mean pulse repetition rate (78.1 pps, range 67–86 vs 130.5, range 127.3–136.7 for  L. corbeni and 105.3, range 87–127 for  L. revelata) (Table 6) and by apomorphic states at 31 and 10 nucleotide sites, respectively, in the ND4 gene alignment (Table 3).</p><p>Measurements of holotype (mm). SVL 28.8, HL 8.3, HW 8.6, TL 16.3, TD 1.8, ED 3.3 IOD 5.8, IND 2.2, ETD 1.1, THL 14.3, FL 14.2, IMT 1.1, FLL 6.9, Fing3D 1.0.</p><p>Description (including holotype; Fig. 12). A summary of variation in 14 mensural characters and five ratios is presented in Table 4. Mean SVL: females = 38.5 ± 0.99, 37.3–39.5, males = 29.6 ± 1.19, 28.3–31.8 mm.</p><p>Snout rounded when viewed from above, blunt or rounded in profile. Head length less than, to about equal to, head width (HL/HW 0.95 ± 0.06, 0.76–1.03) and approximately one-third of SVL (HL/SVL 0.29 ± 0.02, 0.24–0.31). Pupil horizontal when constricted (Fig. 13). Nostrils more lateral than superior; closer to tip of snout than to eye. Canthus rostralis well defined, and straight. Eye relatively large (ED/HL 0.4 ± 0.03, 0.33–0.46). Tympanum distinct; circular; diameter about half eye diameter (TD/ED 0.5 ± 0.06, 0.44–0.58). Vomerine teeth in short straight rows from anterior edge of choanae to midline of palate (assessed in SAMA R72462).</p><p>Fingers long, narrow; webbing absent. Subarticular tubercles prominent. Terminal discs prominent. Fingers in order of length: 3&gt;4&gt;2&gt;1. Dark brown nuptial pad wraps around inner surface of Finger I from base of finger to base of penultimate phalanx (SAMA R72460–4).</p><p>Hindlimbs moderately long (TL/SVL 0.5 ± 0.02, 0.52–0.57). Toes in order of length: 4&gt;5=3&gt;2&gt;1. Webbing on all toes reaches base of penultimate phalanx. Subarticular tubercles prominent. Rectangular inner metatarsal tubercle approximately one-quarter length of first toe. Terminal toe discs not prominently expanded (Fig. 12).</p><p>Dorsum finely granular. Upper surface of limbs smooth or finely granular. Flanks with dense coverage of low tubercles. Chin and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; abdomen finely granular.</p><p>Colour in life. Dorsal surfaces tan, cream-brown or bronze, continuing onto flanks. Mid-dorsum with darker shading that starts with well-demarcated margin between eyes; this pattern may not be obvious in males in courting colour. Some individuals with small to minute dark flecks over dorsal surfaces and flanks. A black or dark or light brown stripe, with lower margin often poorly defined, extends from nostril along canthus rostralis through eye and over tympanum to just past forearm. Belly white to cream. Inflated vocal sac near transparent with sparse yellowgreen pigmentation (Fig. 13A, B). Upper iris bright copper-gold colour, lower iris brown copper-gold.</p><p>Axillae have prominent dark marks in all specimens examined. Groin yellow, with dark patch and large dark spots anterior to groin (Figs 13, 14). Posterior of thighs with black spot at proximal and distal margins, or additionally with black dorsal margin, or with black pattern spread across thigh (Figs 6E, F, 13, 14). Variably-shaped black or dark marks present on the underside of the hindlimbs (Table 5, Fig. 14A, B).</p><p>Etymology. The species name  eungellensis refers to the distribution of this species in the ‘Eungella’ region. According to Kitching (2020) “Eungella is generally supposed to mean ‘Land of Clouds’.” and “was adopted from local indigenous languages [of the Birri and Wiri people] by the first European residents”.</p><p>Distribution. Restricted to high elevations (&gt; 880 m a.s.l.) from Pease’s lookout, 3km ENE of the Eungella township northeast to Mt David and Mt William in the headwaters of the Cattle Creek North branch, SSW of Mt Dalrymple and the Clarke Range in Eungella National Park and in the west to farm properties west of the Dalrymple Road (Fig. 15). These records fall in the elevational range of about 880–1211 m a.s.l., with most records between 950 and 1000 m a.s.l. It is not known from the fairly large extent of upland rainforest above 1000 m a.s.l. to the north and northwest of the documented historical range, although this may be due to the limited number of sites and frequency of surveys to date in this difficult to access area (Meyer et al. (2020).</p><p>Extensive surveys at 114 sites through the Eungella region between 2000 and 2015 only found  L. eungellensis sp. nov. between 930–980 m a.s.l. in the small area of the headwaters of Cattle Creek North branch and at nearby farm dams (Meyer et al. 2020). Historic records include Pease’s lookout (900 m a.s.l.), as an observation (Covacevich &amp; McDonald 1993), and Snake Road (970 m), as a specimen (QM J45838) (Fig. 15), but there have been no records from these areas in recent decades, despite survey effort (Meyer et al. 2020).</p><p>Two vouchers (NHM 64.7.8.11–12), listed as paratypes in Ingram et al. (1982) are from Port Denison (= Bowen), north Queensland. This locality is an anomalous record because it is at sea level, is unsuitable dry sclerophyll habitat, and is more than 100 km north of the  Eungella region .  We take this locality information to be erroneous and the identity of these specimens needs assessing.</p><p>Ecology and reproductive biology. Most occurrence records come from slow-flowing rainforest creeks, where adults have been found sitting in vegetation along streams and eggs and tadpoles have been observed in small pools in bedrock adjacent to the stream (Retallick et al. 1997, Retallick 1998, Meyer et al. 2020). These small, isolated pools are rare along the streams—for example, breeding habitat was only present along 30 m of a 700 m section of Mt William Creek (Retallick 1998).  Litoria eungellensis sp. nov. also occupies farm dams on small gully lines in pasture adjacent to rainforest habitat west of the Dalrymple Road (Meyer et al. 2020). In these situations, adult males call from low vegetation on the margins of the dams. Calling and breeding have been recorded in Spring and early Summer (Retallick et al. 1997, Retallick 1998, CJH observations). Anstis (2017) compared the tadpole morphology of  L. revelata and  L. eungellensis sp. nov. (then denoted as  L. revelata Eungella) but did not find any differences. Hero et al. (1996) described the tadpole in detail, pointing out that a blue sheen was present on the abdomen (vs a dull copper sheen on  L. revelata; Anstis 2017), but the consistency of this trait needs verification.</p><p>Conservation status.  Litoria eungellensis sp. nov. has an extremely small spatial and elevational distribution. Rainforest vegetation is present at mid and low elevations at Eungella but all records of the species come from above 900 m, suggesting upland restriction. The highest elevations at Eungella are the summits of Mt David (1200 m), Mt William (1250 m) and Mt Dalrymple (1205 m), and most of the  L. eungellensis sp. nov. records are clustered in creek headwaters between these summits. Below we assess conservation status against IUCN Red List (2012) criteria. The extent of occurrence (EOO, measured as a minimum convex polygon around all records in Fig. 15) is approximately 15 km 2, but most records (including those in Meyer et al. 2020) come from an extremely small area of &lt;1 km 2. These values are well under the EOO specified in Criterion B for Critically Endangered (100 km 2); in fact, the EOO for the currently known sites is less than the area of occupancy (AOO) for Critically Endangered under this criterion (10 km 2).  Litoria eungellensis sp. nov. occurs at a single ‘location’ because a single threatening event could rapidly affect all individuals (IUCN 2012). Several threats should be considered: fire, clearing, chytridiomycosis, and climate change.</p><p>Fire may be a threat given the extensive burning of upland rainforest at Eungella in 2018 (Hines et al. 2020). These fires did not burn any habitat known to support  L. eungellensis sp. nov. but did burn similar habitat just to the west, so fire could be considered a future threat. Clearing may be a localised threat to sites on private land (e.g., around dams) because there is limited protection for regrowth rainforest on private land. However, clearing is not deemed a major threat because most habitat is in Eungella National Park. Chytridiomycosis has had severe impacts on some frog species in the Eungella region (e.g., Retallick et al. 2004, Meyer et al. 2020) but is not known to have caused population declines in  L. eungellensis sp. nov. . It has, however, been detected in the species, with one of 53 individuals tested between 1994 and 1997 showing chytrid infection (by histology) (Retallick et al. 2004, Murray et al. 2010). Chytridiomycosis could therefore be considered a potential threat, but the species has likely persisted with the disease for decades.</p><p>Climate change (both gradual warming and the extremes of heatwaves and droughts) is considered the biggest threat to  L. eungellensis sp. nov. . No population declines are documented to date (but also there has been no monitoring since the 2015) but based on restriction to a very small, high elevation area, this species is a candidate for future impacts. Under Criterion B,  L. eungellensis sp. nov. qualifies for a Critically Endangered B1/B2 (a, b) listing based on: B1 EOO &lt;100 km 2; B2 AOO &lt;10 km 2; (a) number of locations &lt;5 (taken to be 1 for this species); and (b) decline inferred or projected in (iii) area, extent and/or quality of habitat, and (v) number of mature individuals due to the ongoing effects of climate change (considered the primary threat).</p><p>Litoria eungellensis sp. nov. is in urgent need of conservation attention. Detailed surveys are required to assess continued occupancy of known sites and to find additional breeding sites. Monitoring needs to be established to assess short- and long-term population trends, particularly in regard to potential climate change impacts. Revegetation is required along gully lines and dam margins in the grazing land west of the Dalrymple Road. Any improvement of, or addition to, breeding sites in this area would have significant benefits for the species. An assessment of current amphibian chytrid prevalence and impact on the species is also required.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6400A1BFF88EF6BFF6EFA57B6A3F83D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Price, Luke C.;Hoskin, Conrad J.;Mahony, Michael J.;Donnellan, Stephen C.	Price, Luke C., Hoskin, Conrad J., Mahony, Michael J., Donnellan, Stephen C. (2025): Systematic evaluation of molecular genetic, morphological and acoustic variation reveals three species in the Litoria revelata complex (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zootaxa 5584 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.3.1
